Territorial indicators for policy purposes: NUTS regions ...
Regions In Focus ? THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL The Territorial...
Transcript of Regions In Focus ? THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL The Territorial...
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
The Territorial Cohesion in the border The Territorial Cohesion in the border NUTS III of PortugalNUTS III of Portugal
ThemeTheme
Minho-Lima
CávadoAlto Trás-os-Montes
Douro
Beira Interior Norte
Beira Interior Sul
Alto Alentejo
Alentejo Central
Baixo Alentejo
Algarve0 100Km
Scale
Eduardo MedeirosEduardo Medeiros
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Why the Territorial Cohesion ?Why the Territorial Cohesion ?
In the three less prosperous member-states (Portugal, Greece and Spain), the average income per capita increased from 68% of the UE average, in 1988, till 79% in 1999. This economic cohesion wasn’t reflected in all the regions of these countries. In fact there was an aggravation of the territory unbalances.
Having realize that, the Territorial Cohesion was established in the Treaty of Amsterdam, so that it could complement the concepts of Social Cohesion and Economic Cohesion, and contribute to a more balanced and harmonious development across the European Territory.
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
What we want to find out?What we want to find out?
To realize if, in the last decade (1991-2001), the 10 border NUTS III of Portugal, have achieved the goal of the Territorial Cohesion, and to verify the contribution of the INTERREG-A (Cross-Border Co-operation) to reach that goal.
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
What is Territorial Cohesion?What is Territorial Cohesion?
“Achieve a more balanced development by reducing existing disparities, avoiding territorial imbalances and by making both sectoral policies which have a spatial impact and regional policy more coherent. The concern is also to improve territorial integration and encourage cooperation between regions”.
Third Report on Economic and Social Cohesion
“Balanced distribution of human activities across the Union, which is complementary to economic and social cohesion, including fair access for citizens and economic operators to Services of General Economic Interest”.
ESPON – Interim Territorial Cohesion Report
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?
Policy guidelines for the spatial development of the EUPolicy guidelines for the spatial development of the EU::
European Spatial Development Perspective
1 - Development of a balanced and polycentric urban system and a new urban-rural relationship;
2 - Securing parity of access to infrastructure and knowledge;
3 - Sustainable development, prudent management and protection of nature and cultural heritage.
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
European Spatial Development Perspective
“co-operation is the key to an integrated spatial development policy and represents added value over sectoral policies acting in isolation”
What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?What is necessary for the Territorial Cohesion?
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
THE TERRITORIAL COHESION CONCEPTTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION CONCEPT
Social and Economic Cohesion
Environmental Sustainability
Polycentric Urban
SystemCo-operationTerritorial Cohesion
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
The analytic model The analytic model
Concepts
Territorial Cohesion
Regional Development
Distribution
Dimensions
Knowledge
Components
Indicators
Concepts
Public Services
Co-operation
- Research Centers- University Students - GDP per capita- Employment rate- Physicians (per 1000)- Schools
- Societies - Companies- Rural Tourism- International Trade
Horizontal
Vertical
Morphology
Hierarchy
- City Rankings- Specialized Functions- Population Density- Roads (km)- Cable dwellings
Density
Connectivity
Environment
- % of renewable energy
- % of environmental expenses
Energy
Waste
Income
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Variation (1991 - 2001 )
NUTS III ISE - 1991 ISE - 2001 (2001-1991)
Portugal 0.269 0.416 0.147
Minho-Lima 0.230 0.239 0.009
Cávado 0.357 0.356 -0.001
Douro 0.310 0.326 0.016
Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.310 0.317 0.007
Algarve 0.237 0.311 0.074
Beira Interior Norte 0.265 0.306 0.040
Beira Interior Sul 0.268 0.411 0.143
Alto Alentejo 0.166 0.260 0.094
Alentejo Central 0.229 0.348 0.119
Baixo Alentejo 0.192 0.267 0.075
1 - Knowledge: (Research Centres and University Students);2 - Income: (GDP per capita, Employment Rate);3 - Public Services: (Physicians and Schools).
Social and Economic IndexSocial and Economic Index
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
< 0.050 0.050 : 0.100 0.100 : 0.150> 0.150
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Social and Economic IndicatorsSocial and Economic Indicators
GNP per capita (1000 €) in 2001
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
6.1 : 7.9 7.9 : 9.7 9.7 : 11.2 11.2 : 21.2
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
Population Variation (1991-2001)
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
-11.8 : -3.6 -3.6 : 1.5 1.5 : 8.3 8.3 : 15.8
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Variation (1991 - 2001 )
NUTS III IPO – 1991 IPO - 2001 2001-1991
Portugal 0.354 0.440 0.087
Minho-Lima 0.329 0.500 0.171
Cávado 0.327 0.468 0.140
Douro 0.340 0.398 0.058
Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.310 0.395 0.085
Algarve 0.330 0.404 0.074
Beira Interior Norte 0.317 0.380 0.062
Beira Interior Sul 0.435 0.534 0.099
Alto Alentejo 0.367 0.467 0.099
Alentejo Central 0.324 0.407 0.083
Baixo Alentejo 0.374 0.467 0.093
1 - Hierarchy: (City Rankings and Specialized functions);2 - Density: (Population Density and Road Density);
3 - Connectivity: (Cable Dwellings).
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
< 0.050 0.050 : 0.100 0.100 : 0.150> 0.150
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
The polycentric indexThe polycentric index
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
URBAN SYSTEM – BORDER NUTS IIIURBAN SYSTEM – BORDER NUTS III
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
Legend
Centrality Index
Medium Cities
Areas with influence of very specialized functionsAreas with influence of specialized functions
Smaller agglomerations
Very specialized functions
Strong Interactions
Very specialized or specialized functions
0Km
100Km
Scale
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Variation (1991 - 2001 )
1 - Horizontal: (Societies and Companies);2 - Vertical: (Rural tourism and International Trade).
NUTS III ICO - 1991 ICO - 2001 1991-2001
Portugal 0.315 0.480 0.164
Minho-Lima 0.349 0.586 0.237
Cávado 0.306 0.458 0.153
Douro 0.179 0.317 0.137
Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.189 0.286 0.097
Algarve 0.244 0.431 0.187
Beira Interior Norte 0.253 0.387 0.134
Beira Interior Sul 0.256 0.293 0.037
Alto Alentejo 0.177 0.466 0.290
Alentejo Central 0.225 0.508 0.283
Baixo Alentejo 0.203 0.346 0.143
The co-operation index The co-operation index
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
< 0.100 0.100 : 0.200 0.200 : 0.300> 0.300
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Variation (1991 - 2001 )
1 - Energy: (Renewable energy);2 - Waste: (Environmental treatment
expenses).
NUTS III IAM - 1991 IAM - 2001 2001-1991
Portugal 0.186 0.404 0.218
Minho-Lima 0.335 0.375 0.040
Cávado 0.443 0.386 -0.056
Douro 0.289 0.356 0.067
Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.346 0.513 0.167
Algarve 0.229 0.555 0.326
Beira Interior Norte 0.282 0.431 0.149
Beira Interior Sul 0.375 0.397 0.022
Alto Alentejo 0.216 0.392 0.176
Alentejo Central 0.078 0.211 0.134
Baixo Alentejo 0.073 0.251 0.179
The environment indexThe environment index
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
< 0.100 0.100 : 0.200 0.200 : 0.300> 0.300
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
Territorial Cohesion indexTerritorial Cohesion indexVariation (1991 - 2001 )
NUTS III ICT - 1991 ICT - 2001 2001-1991
Portugal 0.295 0.437 0.142
Minho-Lima 0.299 0.413 0.114
Cávado 0.346 0.416 0.070
Douro 0.286 0.349 0.063
Alto Trás-os-Montes 0.286 0.356 0.070
Algarve 0.265 0.395 0.131
Beira Interior Norte 0.280 0.361 0.082
Beira Interior Sul 0.327 0.418 0.091
Alto Alentejo 0.234 0.385 0.151
Alentejo Central 0.238 0.387 0.149
Baixo Alentejo 0.234 0.343 0.109
1 - Social Economic Index;2 - Polycentric Index;3 - Co-operation Index;4 - Environment Index.
0Km 25Km 50Km
Scale
< 0.082 0.082 : 0.112 0.112 : 0.142> 0.142
MINHO-LIMA
CÁVADO
AVE
GRANDE PORTOTÂMEGA
ENTRE-DOURO E VOUGA
DOURO
TRÁS-OS-MONTES
BAIXO VOUGA
BAIXO MONDEGO
PINHAL LITORAL
PINHAL INTERIOR NORTE
DÃO LAFÕES
PINHAL INTERIOR SUL
SERRA DA ESTRELA
BEIRA INTERIOR NORTE
BEIRA INTERIOR SUL
COVA DA BEIRA
OESTE
GRANDE LISBOA
PENÍNSULA DE SETÚBAL
MÉDIO TEJO
LEZÍRIA DO TEJO
ALENTEJO LITORAL
ALTO ALENTEJO
ALENTEJO CENTRAL
BAIXO ALENTEJO
ALGARVE
Legend
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
PT
ML
CA
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ALG BIN
BIS
AA
L
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BA
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ICT - 1991 ICT - 2001ICT
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
MAIN CONCLUSIONSMAIN CONCLUSIONS
With the exception of the NUTS III of Alentejo Central and Alto Alentejo, in the Portuguese border area, the Territorial Cohesion Index has grown less than the national average.
The positive contribution of INTERREG initiative to this area has not been enough to obtain the aim of the Territorial Cohesion.
We continue to verify an increasing territorial exclusion in this area that occupies more that half of the Portuguese territory.
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
WHAT CAN WE DO TO INVERT THIS SITUATION?WHAT CAN WE DO TO INVERT THIS SITUATION?
Reinforce the distribution of the essential goods and services to the population, as well as the knowledge (distributive dimension).
Promote a polycentric urban structure, rather than a highly polarized one. This requires new functional entities (medium cities), created through increased integration and co-operation (morphologic dimension).
Promote the entrepreneurship, capable of mobilizing effectively the local resources (co-operation dimension).
Promote the use of the natural recourses in a sustainable way to preserve the environment (environment dimension).
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THE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGALTHE TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE BORDER NUTS III OF PORTUGAL
THE ENDTHE END