Syria/Jordan Refugee Crisis by Fellowship Director, Dr. Larry Ronan
REGIONAL WATER SEMINAR Dead Sea, Jordan (21-24 March 2011) Syria.
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Transcript of REGIONAL WATER SEMINAR Dead Sea, Jordan (21-24 March 2011) Syria.
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REGIONAL WATER SEMINAR
Dead Sea, Jordan
(21-24 March 2011)
Syria
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WATER RESOURCES IN SYRIA
• Water supply (rainfall, groundwater & surface water): total renewable WR 16bn m3/yr (50% groundwater ). Decreasing over the years
• Dry and semi arid country: annual rainfall rate <350 mm in more than 90% overall area.
• 7 main hydrographic basisn, 16 main rivers (6 main international rivers), 166 dams
• Wastewater production and treatment is very limited
• Production of desalinated water marginal
WATER USE IN SYRIA• Annual water use exceeded total renewable water
resources by 14% for past 15 years
• Per sector: Agriculture: 88.5 %; Industrial: 3.3 %; Domestic, commercial and tourism sector: 8.2 %
• Water supplies unevenly distributed across the country
• User participation in water management is limited
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WATER POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK IN SYRIA
Institutional:
• WRM lies with a number of ministries: M. Irrigation, M. Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, M. Housing and Construction, M. Local Administration and Environment. All have local directorates over the 14 governorates
• All represented in the Higher Water Council (2007, MoI)
Legislation: New water Law 31 (2005)
• “Public good”
• Widely accepted consensus: drinking water>agricultural>industrial
Policy:
• No National Master Plan for Water sector
• Highlighted as priority in 11th FYP (2011-2015)
• Included as priority in: National Plan for irrigation modernisation (2001), National Environmental Action Plan (2002), National Programme Food Security (2010)
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WATER ISSUES IN SYRIA
Water shortage
• Reduction of groundwater resources a serious problem in many areas.
• Growing pressure: Massive population growth; high urbanisation rates; development of industry and tourism; Policy of self-sufficiency in agricultural food production – food security
• Poor water quality.
• Pollution from untreated domestic wastewater and agricultural run-off a growing problem. Affects quality of drinking water in rural and urban areas. Contaminates irrigation water
• Sewage treatment very limited
• Major health hazard
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WATER ISSUES IN SYRIA
Water management
• Lack of National Master Plan for Water sector
• Weak Institutional efficiency: insufficient managerial and administrative capacity; overlapping functions and responsibilities; competition/consensus and coordination
• Finances: Revenue still not cover operational costs or generate funds for investment in sector.
International Waters: highly political
• Yarmook river basin
• Orontes river
• Euphrates – Tigris basin
• Golan Heights
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WATER CHALLENGES IN SYRIA
• Definition and adoption of National Sector Policy and Strategy for Water sector.
• Improvement institutional efficiency, planning and management capacity.
• Development of data and information management.
• Enhancement of efficiency in water utilisation (in particular in irrigation water).
• Continue reforms of water tariff system
• Development of Public – Private Partnership as a way to modernise the sector
• Adoption of IWRM culture.
– Food security
– Drought
– International integrated water basin management
• Political/technical solutions for trans-boundary issues
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EXTERNAL SUPPORT TO WATER IN SYRIA
EC SUPPORT (BILATERAL FUNDS)
Past:
• Damascus Rural Water&Sanitation, EC €8M (MEDA), grant (22/7/2003) - Water Supply and Sanitation in Support of two Palestinian Refugee Camps (implementing UNWRA)
Present: EC/EIB
• Horizon 2020, EC €5M (ENPI), investment grant (FA to be signed 2011) - Development of water supply, wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure in the North-Western Syria
• Municipal Infrastructure and Environmental Project, EC €5M (ENPI), investment grant (FA to be signed 2011) - Infrastructure at municipal level in the water supply and wastewater, solid waste management, urban renewal, urban traffic and tourism
Future:
• Sustainable development of rural areas, EC €23M (ENPI), identification and formulation in 2011, FA and commencement in 2012
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EC/EIB interventions:Damascus Rural Water and Sanitation
Ministry of Housing and Construction • Total investment: € 100M• EIB €50M (31/05/2006)• EC €5 M, interest rate subsidy (28/12/2006)• FEMIP TA Institutional development €2M (10/04/2007) and
PMU €3,9 M (12/04/2007)• Objective: To improve provincial water supply and
sanitation systems in the Southern Damascus Governorate
+ EC €8 M, grant (22/7/2003) Water Supply and Sanitation in Support of two Palestinian Refugee Camps (implementing UNWRA)
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EC/EIB interventions:Horizon 2020
Ministry of Housing and Construction• Total investment: € 110M • EIB €55 M (6/12/2010)• EC €5M, investment grant (NIP, COM Decision 17/12/2010)• FEMIP or NIF TA €4M (foreseen 2011)• Objective: Development of water supply, wastewater
collection and treatment infrastructure in the North-Western Syria
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EC/EIB interventions:Municipal Infrastructure and Environmental Project
Ministry of Local Administration• Total investment €100 M• EIB €50 M (20/11/2009), AFD €20M • EC €5M, investment grant (NIP, COM Decision 17/12/2010)• FEMIP TA 4M€ (July 2010)• Priority infrastructure at municipal level in the water
supply and wastewater, solid waste management, urban renewal, urban traffic and tourism
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EXTERNAL SUPPORT TO WATER IN SYRIA
EC BILATERAL until now focused on water and sanitation
Mainly TA linked to EIB loans:
• Opens doors, overcoming absorption capacity, enhanced EU visibility and position for policy dialogue
• Still needs improve coordination, harmonisation procedures
Current main challenge: identification and formulation future project
• Choice of aid modality: SPSP through project modality? Delegated cooperation?
• Identification of water issues to be addressed: IWRM
Cooperation in the Syrian context
• Water a priority (though no well formulated national strategy) BUT no leading ministry
• No Government led coordination (few donors, there is capacity but no interest). Weak role of SPC
• Civil society; Information (availability and transparency)
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EXTERNAL SUPPORT TO WATER IN SYRIA
EC SUPPORT (OTHER): • Regional programmes, Tempus, FP7, Thematic budget lines
EU MS SUPPORT: • German, Dutch, France, EIB
OTHER NON EU SUPPORT: • JICA, Canada, UN (FAO, UNDP, UNEP)
COORDINATION EXTERNAL SUPPORT TO WATER SECTOR IN SYRIA
Look for synergies, opportunities and added value• Syrian Authorities: weak SPC, complexity institutional water
sector set up• Within EC: bilateral + regional; different instruments and
modalities• EU MS and EIB: improved with EEAS, open doors for policy
dialogue
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Questions?Thank you!Paula Martinez Lopez
programme Officer Environment & WaterEU Delegation to Syria
E-mail: [email protected]: + 963 11 332 7640