Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change ...

August 2019

Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments

i

Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster

Risk Finance Assessments

Suva, Fiji, 2019

August 2019

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© Pacific Community (SPC) 2019

All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial/for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission.

Original text: English

Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data

Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments: August 2019

1. Risk management — Oceania.

2. Disasters — Oceania.

3. Environment — Oceania.

4. Climatic changes — Oceania.

5. Climatic changes — Management — Oceania.

6. Climatic changes — Environmental aspects — Oceania.

7. Environment — Management — Oceania.

I. Title II. Pacific Community III. Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

577.220995 AACR2

ISBN: 978-982-00-1203-5

Prepared for publication at SPC’s Suva Regional Office,Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji, 2019

www.spc.int | [email protected]

Printed by Quality Print Limited, Suva, Fiji, 2019

iiiRegional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019 |

ContentsList of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... v

Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................. vi

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................2

1.2 Scope and Purpose of Report .........................................................................................................................2

1.3 How Information was Collected and Analysed ...........................................................................................3

1.4 Limitations ..........................................................................................................................................................3

1.5 Structure of Report ...........................................................................................................................................4

2 Tailoring Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Dimensions to the Pacific Context .......................5

2.1 The PCCFAF Pillars .............................................................................................................................................6

2.2 Application of the PCCFAF in Pacific SIDS ....................................................................................................8

2.3 Application of the PCCFAF outside the Pacific Region ..............................................................................9

3 Synthesis of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments in Pacific Island Countries ........ 11

3.1 Funding Source Analysis ................................................................................................................................12

3.2 Policies and Planning Analysis ....................................................................................................................18

3.3 Institutional Analysis ......................................................................................................................................20

3.4 Public Financial Management and Expenditure Analysis .......................................................................23

3.5 Human Capacity Analysis ..............................................................................................................................26

3.6 Gender and Social Inclusion Analysis .........................................................................................................29

3.7 Development Effectiveness Analysis ...........................................................................................................32

Annex: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Readiness Inventories of Pacific Island Countries ............ 35

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Cook Islands .................................................................36

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Federated States of Micronesia ...............................37

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Fiji ..................................................................................38

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Kiribati...........................................................................39

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Republic of the Marshall Islands .............................40

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Nauru ............................................................................41

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Niue ...............................................................................42

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Palau ..............................................................................43

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Papua New Guinea .....................................................44

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Samoa ...........................................................................45

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Solomon Islands .........................................................46

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Tonga .............................................................................47

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Tuvalu ............................................................................48

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Financing Matrix - Vanuatu .........................................................................49

| Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019iv

List of Figures Figure 1: Seven Pillars of the PCCFAF .................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2: Global Climate Change Finance Landscape ...................................................................................................... 13

Figure 3: Percentage of CCDR funds accessed through multilateral and bilateral channels. .................................. 15

Figure 4: Percentage breakdown of on-budget and off-budget CCDR finance in PICs. ..................................................... 16

Figure 5: Examples of National Funding Mechanisms in PICs ........................................................................................ 17

Figure 6: Examples of PFM Reforms ..................................................................................................................................... 25

Figure 7: Full Cycle of a CCDR financing grant ................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 8: Capacity building and support mechanisms in PICs ....................................................................................... 27

Figure 9: Models for Coordination, Leadership and Alignment in PICs ....................................................................... 34

List of TablesTable 1: Status of PCCFAF and CPEIR assessments completed ......................................................................................... 8

Table 2: List of key multilateral climate funds that PICs are eligible to access ........................................................... 14

Table 3: CCDR funds accessed through multilateral and bilateral channels ............................................................... 19

Table 4: Breakdown of funding for adaptation, mitigation and DRR/DRM ................................................................. 16

Table 5: Recurrent budget allocation for CCDR related activities in PICs .................................................................... 24

List of BoxesBox 1: Definitions of PCCFAF Dimensions of Climate Change Financing ...................................................................... 6

Box 2: Simplified Definitions in the context of PICs ........................................................................................................ 15

Box 3: Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP) ............................................................................. 16

Box 4: Vanuatu’s National Advisory Board (NAB) on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction ...................... 22

Box 5: Micronesia Conservation Trust - Focusing on Institutional Strengthening .................................................... 22

Box 6: Vanuatu’s Gender Sensitive Budgeting .................................................................................................................. 30

Box 7: The Pacific Gender and Climate Change Toolkit ................................................................................................... 30

vRegional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019 |

List of AbbreviationsADB Asian Development Bank

AF Adaptation Fund

AUD Australian Dollar

AusAID Australian Agency for International Development

CHICCHAP Choiseul Integrated Climate Change Programme

CC Climate Change

CCA Climate Change Adaptation

CCDR Climate Change and Disaster Risk

CCDRM Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management

CIF Climate Investment Fund

COFA Compact of Free Association

COP Conference of Parties

CPEIR Climate Public Expenditures and Institutional Review

CROP Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific

CSO Civil Society Organisation

DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

DRM Disaster risk management

DRR Disaster risk reduction

DSPPAC Department of Strategic Policy, Planning and Aid Coordination (Vanuatu)

ESS Environment and social safeguards

EU European Union

FRDP Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific

GCCA Global Climate Change Alliance

GCF Green Climate Fund

GDP Gross domestic product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

GRB Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting

GSI Gender and Social Inclusion

IMF International Monetary Fund

JNAP Joint National Action Plan

JSAP Joint State Action Plan

MOF Ministry of Finance (Samoa)

MoFT Ministry of Finance & Treasury (Solomon Islands)

NCCCT National Climate Change Country Team

NDC National Disaster Committee

ODA Overseas Development Assistance

LDC Least developed country

MCT Micronesia Conservation Trust

M&E Monitoring and evaluation

NAB National Advisory Board for Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (Vanuatu)

NGO Non-governmental organisation

NIE National Implementing Entity

NSDP National Sustainable Development Plan

PaCE-SD Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development

PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

PFM Public Financial Management

| Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019vi

PFTAC Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre

PICs Pacific Island Countries

PIFS Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

RMI Republic of the Marshall Islands

ROC Republic of China (Taiwan)

RTSM Regional Technical Support Mechanism

SDG Sustainable Development Goal

SIDS Small Island Developing States

SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USAID United States Agency for International Development

USD United States Dollar

USP University of the South Pacific

WB World Bank

viiRegional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019 |

AcknowledgementThe development of this Regional Synthesis Report was financially supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through the Pacific Community (SPC) Institutional Strengthening for Pacific Island Countries to Adapt to Climate Change (ISACC) Project. It was drafted and compiled by Stephen Boland, Linda Vaike, Exsley Taloiburi and Lisa Buggy.

Support was also provided by the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)/GIZ Climate Finance Readiness in the Pacific Project, the Pacific Community (SPC) Social Development Programme, the USAID Climate Ready and ADAPT Asia-Pacific Projects, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), UN Women, the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre (PFTAC), and the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP).

| Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019viii

1Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019 |

1Introduction

| Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 20192

1.1 BackgroundThe Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are at the frontline of the impacts of climate change and face existential threats to their nations as a result. The PICs have also been among the most vocal advocates of the need to undertake urgent global climate change (CC) mitigating measures and to be supported to adapt to its impacts.

In the fight against climate change, it has become increasingly evident that Disaster Risk Management (DRM) substantially overlaps with the impacts of climate change. For resilient development to be successful, better access to, and use of, existing and emerging funding sources for both climate change and disaster risk management (CCDRM) is essential.

In 2012 at the annual meeting of the Pacific Islands Forum Leaders1, Leaders tasked the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS) to “work with other CROP agencies2 and development partners, to continue to assist Pacific Island Countries (PICs) in effectively responding to climate change, including climate change financing, noting that many challenges remain in realising the benefits from the pledged new and additional climate change finance of the Copenhagen Accord”3.

In response to the call from Leaders, the Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework (PCCFAF) was prepared to help PICs approach climate change and disaster risk (CCDR) financing in an informed way, commensurate with their specific circumstances. The need for a distinct framework for PICs arose since other approaches did not always consider aspects relevant to the situation of Pacific small-island developing states (Pacific SIDS). Rather than developing a parallel framework, the PCCFAF blended Pacific-relevant aspects, especially CCDRM funding sources and capacity, into existing assessment approaches.4 Rather than developing a totally new framework, and owing to the significant work that has already taken place at both the international and regional levels, the PCCFAF builds on other existing international and regional frameworks, including the Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR), Forum Compact on Development Effectiveness, Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA), Public Financial Management reforms/roadmaps, the Paris and Busan Principles of Aid Effectiveness and others.

1.2 Scope and Purpose of ReportThis report is an initial synthesis of the key observations and recommendations from the application of the PCCFAF (and CPEIR) across ten PICs. Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessment reports from when the PCCFAF was first rolled out (Nauru Case-Study) in 2013, to mid-2019 were reviewed. The review process revealed common regional observations and issues across the seven pillars of the PCCFAF, discussed in Section 3.

In a region where many of the approaches to CCDR financing are collectively decided, and lesson sharing and exchange is common-place, observations that are consistent across PICs, and recommendations, from the CCDR finance assessment reports, provide useful resources for countries as they navigate their way around the complex landscape and stringent requirements of the global CCDR finance architecture.

As an initial synthesis, this report serves many purposes and has far reaching implications. At the very outset, the report is a culmination of the ongoing need to have assessments specific to Pacific SIDS and not group them under the broader Asia-Pacific regional grouping. This report serves as a baseline for regional observations regarding access to, and management of, CCDR finance in the region. It will also allow for specific and targeted

1 Pacific Islands Forum Leaders meet annually to develop collective responses to regional issues. The Forum’s membership has increased from the original seven founding members (Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Nauru, New Zealand, Tonga and Samoa) to also include the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, Niue, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and French Polynesia. The Pacific Island Forum Secretariat (PIFS) is the Secretariat and administrative arm of this meeting. Members of this group are referred to as Forum Island Countries (FICs).

2 The Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific (CROP) brings together several regional intergovernmental agencies: the Pacific Community (SPC); the Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA); the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP); the Pacific Islands Development Program (PIDP); the South Pacific Tourism Organisation (SPTO); the University of the South Pacific (USP); the Pacific Aviation Safety Organisation, and the Pacific Power Association. The Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat acts as CROP’s permanent chair and provides secretariat support.

3 PIFS (2012), Forty-third Pacific Islands Forum Communiqué, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 28–30 August 2012, p. 6.

4 Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), 2013, Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework, Final Report, May 2013.


interventions dealing with regional CCDR challenges – an important consideration relating to the Forum Leaders’ call that resulted in the development of the PCCFAF in 2013. It is intended that this synthesis will form the basis for establishing a tracking mechanism that monitors and evaluates the outcomes of the recommendations/action plan in the respective country reports.

1.3 How Information was Collected and AnalysedInformation for this report was compiled through review of completed PCCFAF and CPEIR reports. A total of 10 country reports for the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji5, Kiribati, Nauru6, Palau, Republic of Marshall Islands7, Tonga8, Samoa9, Solomon Islands10 and Vanuatu11 were reviewed. Key observations and recommendations were synthesised and are presented in Section 3.

It is important to note that information provided in Section 3 (Synthesis of Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments in Pacific Island Countries) is primarily based on the PCCFAF and CPEIR assessment reports.

While a regional synthesis is important to monitor regional observations and recommendations, the need to address country-specific issues cannot be over-emphasised. To cater for this, 14 matrices were prepared – one for each Pacific Island country – as a tool to assess, from a PCCFAF perspective, the ability and readiness of a country to access, use and report on climate change and disaster risk finance. The PCCFAF matrices help frame consideration of PICs’ readiness for accessing and using CCDR finance. The matrices provide a tool to help countries focus on the areas that require additional attention.

Initial work on the matrices was undertaken at the USAID Adapt Asia-Pacific Project Second Annual Meeting in Nadi, Fiji, in June 2013; it was complemented by a desktop review undertaken by PIFS and USAID Adapt Asia-Pacific Project in 2016. The matrix updates undertaken in early 2016 were informed by the climate change finance work around the region, including PCCFAF and CPEIR assessments. At this time the matrices were expanded to include an extra column to accommodate the new Pillar for GSI, while the content of the matrices was also expanded to accommodate DRM considerations to bring it in line with regional thinking and the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP). With financial support from the USAID/SPC Institutional Strengthening of PICs to Adapt to Climate Change (ISACC) Project, PIFS was able to further update and finalise this synthesis report in 2019 capturing information from recent PCCFAF assessments completed post-2016.

1.4 LimitationsIt is important to note that since this is the first regional synthesis from the implementation of the PCCFAF, the report is not exhaustive and may have some limitations. Notable challenges were experienced in the process of synthesis: different timeframes for country assessments; inconsistencies in monetary units used (although USD is primarily used, a few countries report on AUD and their local currencies); and the assessment tools (most countries used the PCCFAF and a few used CPEIR). Section 2 discusses the key pillars of the PCCFAF, which is tailored to the unique context of the PICs. These issues, compounded by data limitations at the individual country level, make presenting quantified aggregates of total regional CCDR finance flows a challenge.12

5 Fiji CPEIR Report available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Fiji-CPEIR-Report-comp.pdf

6 Nauru PCCFAF Report available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Nauru-Case-Study.pdf

7 RMI PCCFAF Report available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/RMI-CCF-Assessment.pdf

8 Tonga CFRGA Report Available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tonga-CFRGA-Report-comp-2.pdf

9 Samoa CPEIR Report available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Samoa-CPEIR-Report.pdf

10 Solomon Islands PCCFAF Report available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Samoa-CPEIR-Report.pdf

11 Vanuatu PCCFAF available at: https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tonga-CFRGA-Report-comp-2.pdf

12 This has been undertaken using other methodologies – SEI report

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Fiji-CPEIR-Report-comp.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Nauru-Case-Study.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/RMI-CCF-Assessment.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tonga-CFRGA-Report-comp-2.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Samoa-CPEIR-Report.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Samoa-CPEIR-Report.pdf

https://www.forumsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Tonga-CFRGA-Report-comp-2.pdf


1.5 Structure of ReportThis report seeks to inform decision-making processes at the international, regional and national levels. The report provides information on the background, scope, methodology and limitations, and discusses the PCCFAF pillars and their use, followed by a regional synthesis of common trends and issues. Where specific observations are required, individual country matrices are provided as an annex to this report. The matrices contain summaries of country observations.

2Tailoring Climate

Change and Disaster Risk Finance Dimensions

to the Pacific Context



2.1 The PCCFAF PillarsThe original PCCFAF was prepared to assess the PICs’ ability to access and manage climate change resources across six interrelated dimensions or pillars. These dimensions demonstrated the cross-cutting nature of climate change financing and how these are inextricably linked to mainstream aspects of national development planning and budgeting.

The original PCCFAF dimensions of climate change financing were:

1. Funding Sources

2. Policies and Plans

3. Institutions

4. Public Financial Management and Expenditure

5. Human Capacity

6. Development Effectiveness.

Box 1 presents the definitions of the six original dimensions of Climate Change Financing within the context of the Pacific.

Box 1: Definitions of PCCFAF Dimensions of Climate Change Financing• Funding Sources – The Funding Source Analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the climate

change finance landscape. It will assist a country to determine how much and what type of support is available from the range of global, bilateral and regional funding sources, and ultimately help determine their eligibility to access these funds.

• Policies and Plans – The Policy and Planning Analysis provides an understanding of the mix of policies and plans a country has developed to guide its climate change work programme. It considers the strength of the existing policy mix, and processes for development, review and implementation of these policies and plans.

• Institutions – The Institutional Analysis assesses the rules, organisations and social norms that facilitate progression toward a country’s climate change goals. The analysis considers issues such as organisational structure and processes; political, legal and cultural frameworks; coordination and collaboration with external stakeholders; clarity of roles and responsibilities; and infrastructure.

• Public Financial Management and Expenditure – The Public Financial Management and Expenditure Analyses consider the strength of a country’s public financial management systems and the extent to which fiscal policy is sustainable, whether expenditure is having the desired effect on achieving policy objectives and whether there is value for money in service delivery.

• Human Capacity – The Human Capacity Analysis assesses the ability of individuals to manage programmes and projects; individual attitudes, knowledge, behaviour and actions; and how a country manages and develops the awareness, understanding and skills of its human resources.

• Development Effectiveness – The Development Effectiveness Analysis considers the link between climate change and broader development effectiveness efforts. It considers issues such as ownership, leadership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability.

Source: Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), (2013), Pacific Climate Change Finance Assessment Framework, Final Report, May 2013.

Since the development of the PCCFAF in 2013 it has become apparent that the methodology could be strengthened by broadening the scope of CC financing to include financing for DRM. In PICs the issues of CC and DRM are considered to be inextricably linked. This has been reflected within the FRDP, endorsed by Forum Leaders in 2016. This is a regional framework developed to provide an integrated approach to address climate change and disaster risks in recognition of the clear overlaps between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction, and the similar tools and resources required to address risks at both policy and programme level.


Figure 1: Seven Pillars of the PCCFAF

PCCFAF(including DRM)

Funding Sources

Policies and Plans

Public Financial Management and

Expenditure

Human Capacity

Development Effectiveness

Institutions

Gender and Social Inclusion

While the definition of CC financing needs to be broadened, there has also been a recognition that there was a missing component in the original six dimensions, or pillars, of the PCCFAF. That missing element was Gender and Social Inclusion (GSI) – Pillar 7 (see Figure 1). The importance of including an analysis of GSI issues stemmed from increased awareness that consideration of vulnerable groups is a critical aspect in effectively addressing CCDRM issues. As a consequence, development partners require that interventions and funding are conditional on specific inclusion of GSI issues in the design, implementation and reporting of projects.

This shift has been reflected with the specific requirement that Environmental and Social Safeguards (ESS) and gender considerations need to be adequately addressed by applicants in submissions for direct access to the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the Adaptation Fund (AF) and other major funding mechanisms. The GSI dimension reflects the reality that global CCDRM financing institutions are increasingly recognising both a responsibility and a practical imperative to integrate GSI considerations into their programming. Projects that clearly articulate how they address ESS and gender issues have a better chance of being approved.

There is no definition for Gender and Social Inclusion in the PCCFAF since this dimension was added after the original framework was finalised. However, below is a brief attempt to define GSI as assessed with respect to climate change and disaster risk management.

Gender and Social Inclusion – This dimension considers to what extent GSI considerations have been mainstreamed through society and systems including consultation with stakeholders in the development of plans and policies as well as project design and implementation. It assesses how gender elements have been integrated into the daily functioning of different Government and community organisations especially when it comes to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction functions. Compliance with best practice on GSI policies, and mainstreaming, needs to be consistent with the social safeguards of the major climate finance funding agencies.


2.2 Application of the PCCFAF in Pacific SIDS Since PCCFAF was developed in 2012, PIFS and other development partners have undertaken CCDR finance assessments in most of the Pacific SIDS. To date (2019), a total of 10 countries have undergone CCDR finance assessments using the PCCFAF and the complementary UNDP-led CPEIR framework. Nauru (2012), Republic of Marshall Islands (2014), Tonga (2015), Solomon Islands (2017), Vanuatu (2018)13, Kiribati (2018), Palau (2018) and Federated States of Micronesia (2019) were assessed using the PCCFAF while Samoa (2012), Fiji (2014) and Vanuatu (2013) used the CPEIR. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has not applied the full PCCFAF assessment, although a secondment of a staff member from PIFS in 2018 resulted in an Options Paper for strengthening climate finance coordination and accessibility, using selected dimensions from the PCCFAF. Table 1 is a summary of the assessments completed.

Table 1: Status of PCCFAF and CPEIR assessments completed

Country Complete Notes

Samoa CPEIR-2012 CC finance

Nauru PCCFAF-2013 CC finance

RMI PCCFAF-2014 CC finance

Vanuatu CPEIR-2014 & PCCFAF-2017 CC finance, 2017 CCDR finance + GSI

Fiji CPEIR-2014 CCDR finance

Tonga PCCFAF-2015 CCDR finance + GSI

Solomon Islands PCCFAF-2016 CCDR finance + GSI + provinces

Palau PCCFAF-2017 CCDR finance + GSI

FSM PCCFAF-2018 CCDR finance + GSI

Kiribati Budget Review 2013 PCCFAF-2018 CCDR finance + GSI & ocean finance

PNG Brief Review using PCCFAF pillars - 2018 Policies & Plans, Human Capacity, Institutions, Funding Sources

Several PICs are using the recommendations in the assessment reports to strengthen their readiness and enabling environment to be able to access more international climate change finance and effectively manage it. The PCCFAF reports provide an Action Plan to respective countries and identify the lead national agency on each priority as well as potential partners that can assist. In Solomon Islands, for example, the Ministry of Finance and the National Transport Fund have been identified as potential national implementing entities to the GCF. Since then, partners have stepped in to help the government progress that work. Similarly, a new Climate Finance Unit has been established in the Ministry of Finance and resourced with an officer, through external funding support. PICs also see value in the data as the baseline for country reporting against the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals.

In addition, the country assessments have drawn together a multi-agency approach and facilitated joint missions to PICs. Having a multi-agency approach was important to ensure a range of partners were informed of and could implement selected recommendations from the country reports.

Important observations and trends have emerged from assessments for 10 of the 14 PICs. There is also improved understanding of the regional CCDR finance landscape in the Pacific. This informs policy decisions by national governments and assists in targeting national readiness activities, for direct access and ensuring the effective implementation of funds received. While country-specific issues are evident across respective countries, common observations and trends were also evident. This is expected, as countries face similar issues and challenges when it comes to addressing CCDRM. The next step is to increase emphasis in tracking the outcomes of the PCCFAF and CPEIR recommendations, strengthening public financial management systems in the countries, promoting private sector engagement, and seeking clarity on financial flows and the impacts of investment and expenditure.

13 Vanuatu applied CPEIR in 2013 and PCCFAF in 2018.


2.3 Application of the PCCFAF outside the Pacific Region

While the PCCFAF methodology was prepared with Pacific Island countries (PICs) in mind, the methodology has potentially broader application beyond the Pacific region. Like the UNDP Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) methodology14, the PCCFAF methodology focuses on fiduciary aspects of access to, and use of, climate finance; however, it builds on the CPEIR methodology and takes a slightly different approach based on PIC experience.

For example, the PCCFAF methodology places greater emphasis on the access and use of external funds from Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), as opposed to domestic financing, in addressing CCDRM concerns. Pillar 6 – Development Effectiveness – specifically focuses on the use of ODA and incorporates consideration of the Paris Aid Effectiveness Agenda with respect to access and use of climate change finance.

While PICs have a high reliance on ODA to address CC concerns, this characteristic also relates to other countries around the world, especially SIDS in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.

The PCCFAF methodology also looks at other less technical aspects of access and use of climate finance such as Human Capacity (Pillar 5) and Gender and Social Inclusion (Pillar 7).

The critical nature of human capacity constraints is an issue recognised throughout all developing nations, in particular in SIDS and least developed countries (LDCs). While systems and institutions may well be in place to address climate change concerns, the human capacity and capability to operate these systems is crucial to effectively use and manage climate change and disaster risk management finance to address these concerns.

Equally, addressing barriers to gender and social inclusion is fundamental to the effective use of climate finance. This is reflected in the ESS requirements for direct access to the GCF and AF. These funds also have gender policies that need to be satisfied. This aspect considers the need to incorporate stakeholders at all stages of the project cycle from project design through to stakeholder involvement in the M&E process.

The Public Financial Management (PFM) analysis (Pillar 3) assesses a country’s context against the key criteria used for the IMF’s methodology for assessing PFM systems, known as the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA). A lot of the PFM issues have a strong link to the fiduciary standards for “direct access” accreditation to the GCF and AF.

The increasing use and application of PCCFAF in the region continues to speak of the great emphasis placed on accessing and managing CCDR finance and the need to have institutions and systems that meet international standards and requirements.

The PCCFAF was recognised by the UNFCCC Standing Committee on Finance’s 2018 Biennial Report15 for COP 24 as a “good practice” tool for assessing climate finance flows relevant to Articles 9 (Finance) and 13 (Transparency) of the Paris Agreement. The PCCFAF therefore has applicability in most developing countries and is a useful framework for improving knowledge on the national CCDR finance landscape and country readiness for direct access to global climate funds.16

14 The 2012 joint UNDP/ODI CPEIR Methodological Note (2012) states that CPEIR examines the linkages between the three spheres of national climate change policy; the institutional structures through which policy is channeled; and the resource allocation processes whereby public funding is made available for the implementation of relevant projects, programmes and policies. There is a greater focus on the use of domestic financing for CC than external financing that occurs in PICs.

15 https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/2018%20BA%20Technical%20Report%20Final.pdf

16 The CPEIR Methodology is also evolving to incorporate greater consideration of development effectiveness and vulnerable groups into its methodology in its 2015 Methodological Guidebook


3Synthesis of Climate

Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments in Pacific Island Countries

This regional synthesis outlines the key observations and recommendations from the Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments, undertaken in PICs between 2012 and 2019 using the PCCFAF and CPEIR. A review of completed country assessments show commonly observed trends across the seven pillars of the PCCFAF, which are summarised in this section.


Key Messages• PICs have already accessed significant amounts of CCDR finance from a variety of sources including

bilateral, multilateral and other sources.

• PICs continue to prioritise adaptation over mitigation.

• A significant proportion of CCDR finance still falls outside of the purview of government budgets.

• There has been increasing alignment of sectoral funding to national development and CCDRM priorities.

• A number of national funding mechanisms have been established in various PICs. These mechanisms provide a fundamental source of funding for CCDRM-related activities.

• Progress has been made towards gaining National Implementing Entity (NIE) accreditation statuses under GCF and AF, although a lot of countries are still working towards NIE accreditation.

3.1 Funding Source Analysis

The Funding Source Analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the CC finance landscape. The commitment to increase the flow of CC finance from developed to developing countries has added to the already existing complexities of the global CC finance landscape. Figure 2 shows a representation of the global CC finance landscape.

Understanding the global CC finance landscape will assist a country to determine how much and what type of support is available from the range of global, bilateral and regional funding sources, and ultimately help determine their eligibility to access these funds. Table 2 provides a list of key multilateral climate funds that PICs are eligible to access.

Having a clear understanding of CC finance flows is also essential to addressing the constraints of developing countries, such as the Pacific region, in the development of CC financing opportunities. It will also help countries to better understand where funding is coming from and where it is being used. Such information is fundamental for government planning and for prioritisation and allocation of limited resources to sectors that most need it.


Figu

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Table 2: List of key multilateral climate funds that PICs are eligible to access

Fund Fund Type Fund focusPledge

(USD mn)Deposit

(USD mn)Approval (USD mn)

Disbursement (USD mn)

Date collected

Adaptation for Smallholder Agriculture Program (ASAP)

Multilateral Adaptation 381.67 330.00 307.00 60.08 11/2018

Adaptation Fund Multilateral Adaptation 755.46 755.46 531.57 305.62 11/2018

BioCarbon Fund Multilateral Mitigation - REDD

351.93 190.64 81.29 11/2018

Clean Technology Fund (CTF)

Multilateral Mitigation - General

5461.91 5462.63 4989.40 1531.26 11/2018

Forest Carbon Partnership Facility Readiness Fund

Multilateral Mitigation - REDD

430.03 416.51 531.55 447.13 11/2018

Forest Carbon Partnership Facility - Carbon Fund (FCPF-CF)


889.51 538.33 11/2018

Forest Investment Program (FIP)


735.74 735.74 567.29 168.07 11/2018

Global Environment Facility (GEF4)

Multilateral Multiple Foci 1082.98 1082.98 966.72 961.26 11/2018





Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA)


Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF)


281.50 275.50 223.59 89.07 05/2017

Green Climate Fund Multilateral Multiple Foci 10302.30 7234.24 4604.50 391.77 12/2018

Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)


MDG Achievement Fund


Partnership for Market Readiness


129.60 120.30 86.92 11/2018

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR)


Scaling Up Renewable Energy Program (SREP)


744.54 744.54 591.80 55.21 11/2018

Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)


UN-REDD Multilateral REDD 319.55 308.46 316.57 289.48 11/2018

(Source: Climate Funds Update 2019)

https://climatefundsupdate.org/funds/adaptation-for-smallholder-agriculture-programme-asap




https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/adaptation-fund

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/biocarbon-fund

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/clean-technology-fund

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/clean-technology-fund

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/forest-carbon-partnership-facility



https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/forest-investment-program

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/forest-investment-program

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/global-climate-change-alliance/



https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/global-energy-efficiency-and-renewable-energy-fund/




https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/green-climate-fund/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/least-developed-countries-fund/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/least-developed-countries-fund/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/mdg-achievement-fund-environment-and-climate-change-thematic-window/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/mdg-achievement-fund-environment-and-climate-change-thematic-window/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/partnership-for-market-readiness/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/partnership-for-market-readiness/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/pilot-program-for-climate-resilience/



https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/scaling-up-renewable-energy-program-for-low-income-countries/



https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/special-climate-change-fund/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/special-climate-change-fund/

https://climatefundsupdate.org/the-funds/un-redd-programme/


Key Observations

❅ What exactly constitutes “climate finance” remains to be internationally clarified and accepted. This makes tracking and monitoring climate finance regionally and at the country level difficult. For the Pacific, the basic definitions adopted are presented in Box 2.

Box 2: Simplified Definitions in the context of PICs

Climate Change AdaptationActivities that respond to the adverse impacts of climate change on the environment, human wellbeing and survival, and culture - reducing their vulnerability or increase their capacity to make change (resilience). For example, coastal defences, food and water security, improving health, education, etc.

Climate Change MitigationActivities that contributes to lowering the cause of climate change (greenhouse gas emissions). For example, installation of renewable energy sources, fuel efficiency, reducing energy use, carbon storage in vegetation (REDD+), etc.

Disaster Risk ManagementActivities that respond to the damages and losses caused by a disaster on humans, environment and infrastructure.

Disaster Risk ReductionActivities that contributes to lowering the risks associated with disasters on humans, environment and infrastructure.

Climate Change FinanceFinancial flows for ‘mitigation’ and ‘adaptation’. These cab be multilateral, bilateral, private or from domestic resources, and may include various modalities such as grants, loans, concessional loans, guarantees, equity, etc. It may be delivered through projects, budget support or trust fund arrangements. Mobilisation of climate change finance is expected to be led by developed countries to assist developing countries, SIDS and LDCs (obligatory commitment).

❅ PICs have accessed a significant amount of CCDR finance from a variety of sources: bilateral, multilateral and other sources. Access to bilateral sources have traditionally been the main source of CCDRM support for PICs although access to multilateral sources is increasing since the full operationalisation of the GCF in 2015. This is expected as more countries are starting to access multilateral funding sources including the Green Climate Fund (GCF). FSM, Palau and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) continue to access more bilateral sources due to the longstanding relations and their Compact arrangements with the United States. Figure 3 presents the breakdown of CCDR finance accessed by PICs between bilateral versus multilateral channels.

0

Vanuatu

Multilateral CCDRM Finance (%) Bilateral CCDRM Finance (%)

Solomon Islands

RMI

Palau

Nauru

Kiribati

FSM

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Percentage of CCDRM Finance Accessed: Bilateral versus Multilateral

Figure 3: Percentage of CCDR funds accessed through multilateral and bilateral channels.


❅ Major bilateral donors for PICs include the European Union (EU), Japan, Australia, Germany, New Zealand, United States and Republic of China (Taiwan). The World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Adaptation Fund (AF), Climate Investment Fund (CIF), and Green Climate Fund (GCF) are the main multilateral donors.

❅ Assessment of budget documents for PICs revealed that not all CCDR finance was channelled through Governments’ budgeting and public financial management systems. This is common across all PICs. Over 50% of total CCDR finance is not reflected in most government budgets (see Table 4). This indicates a significant gap in the reporting and tracking of CCDRM activities and is also a reflection of the lack of centralised tracking and reporting systems across PICs.

0

Vanuatu

On Budget (%) Off Budget (%)

Solomon Islands

RMI

Palau

Nauru

Kiribati

FSM

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Percentage breakdown of on-budget and off-budget CCDR finance in PICs

Figure 4: Percentage breakdown of on-budget and off-budget CCDR finance in PICs.

❅ Total share of CCDRM (weighted) expenditure by type indicates that adaptation is prioritised over disaster risk reduction (DRR) and mitigation (DRM), with DRR/DRM accounting for the least share of the three (with FSM the only exception). This observation is important considering the extremely low contribution to total greenhouse emissions and is also a reflection of the high priority placed on adaptation by PICs. Table 5 is a summary.

Table 5: Breakdown of funding for adaptation, mitigation and DRR/DRM

Country Adaptation

(% of Total CCDRM Funds)Mitigation

(% of Total CCDRM Funds)DRR/DRM/Other

(% of Total CCDRM Funds)

FSM 27.7 56.5 15.8

Kiribati 53 32 15

Nauru 48 48 4

Palau 52.8 30.3 17

RMI 57 30 13

Solomon Islands 56 33 11

Vanuatu 89 9 2

❅ There has been increasing alignment of sectoral funding to national development and CCDRM priorities. The public utilities/infrastructure and energy sectors received the largest funding on average across PICs. Other sectors that receive significant funding include water and sanitation, transport, DRR/DRM and coastal protection.

❅ Significant progress has been made towards gaining National Implementing Entity (NIE) status. To date, Cook Islands Ministry of Finance and the Micronesian Conservation Trust (MCT) have NIE accreditation under the AF. Cook Islands Ministry of Finance is an NIE to the GCF while MCT, SPREP and SPC are Regional Implementing Entities to the GCF. Fiji’s Development Bank has NIE accreditation under GCF. Other PICs are currently exploring the NIE accreditation process.


❅ A number of national funding mechanisms have been established in various PICs. Examples include the Palau Protected Areas Network Fund, the Tuvalu Climate and Disaster Survival Fund, the Tonga Climate Change Fund, and the Fiji Climate Action Fund (see Figure 4). These mechanisms provide a fundamental source of funding for CCDRM-related activities. The operationalisation and management of these funds provide important lessons that other countries could benefit from.

Figure 5: Examples of National Funding Mechanisms in PICs

National Funding

Mechanisms

Palau Protected Areas Network

Fund Fiji Climate Action Fund (previously

ECAL)

Tuvalu Climate Change and Disaster

Survival Fund

Vanuatu Green Energy Fund

Fiji Green Bonds

Micronesia Conservation

Trust

Tonga Climate Change Trust

Fund

❅ Countries (FSM, RMI, Palau) benefiting from the Compact of Free Association (COFA) with the United States may face implications from the post-2023 expiration of this bilateral funding, currently a major source of development finance for these nations.

Key Recommendations

❅ PICs to continue to advocate for clear and common guidelines, methodology and/or definition to account and monitor CCDR finance.

❅ PICs already benefiting from bilateral sources of CCDR finance are encouraged to continue to strengthen relations with bilateral donors while also working towards strengthening country systems to access multilateral sources of funding. Bilateral sources can often provide flexibility and options such as budget support that enable more programmatic approaches for countries. Countries in US COFA agreements should look at options for increasing focus on other sources of finance.

❅ Countries to adopt/implement national climate finance tracking systems/tools to better monitor CCDR finance flows. This may involve establishing and maintaining databases of aid projects with tagging for CCDRM relevance. Knowing where the money is flowing is critical for reaching areas of opportunity and need, because what gets measured gets managed.


Key Messages• PICs continue to demonstrate great leadership in international and regional CCDRM forums.

• There is a rapidly strengthening policy landscape for CCDRM across PICs.

• Mainstreaming CCDRM into national and sectoral policies and plans remains weak in PICs.

• Policies often still lack actions, targets, indicators and costings, making monitoring and reporting on the progress of policy implementation challenging.

• There is a need to develop and strengthen mechanisms for capturing and monitoring use of traditional knowledge for addressing climate change impacts and disaster risk reductions within programmes.

3.2 Policies and Planning Analysis

The policy environment is critical to effectively accessing and managing climate change and disaster risk financing. It should ideally outline the key priorities of the government in effectively responding to climate change adaptation and mitigation, and the timeframes over which these efforts should be deployed and thus resourced.

The Policy and Planning Analysis provides an understanding of the mix of policies and plans a country has developed to guide its CCDRM work programme. It considers the strength of the existing policy mix, and processes for development, review and implementation of these policies and plans.

At the regional level, the FRDP articulates the move towards greater integration of climate change and disaster risk, to ensure more efficient use of resources (Box 3).


Box 3: Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP)

An integrated approach to address climate change and disaster risks which promotes regional collaboration and pooling of resources and expertise, the Framework provides high level strategic guidance to different stakeholder groups on how to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters, in ways that contribute to and are embedded in sustainable development. It supersedes two previously separate regional frameworks for tackling climate change and disaster management and aims to achieve three key goals: strengthened integrated adaptation and risk reduction to enhance resilience to climate change and disasters; low carbon development; strengthened disaster preparedness response and recovery.

Online link: http://gsd.spc.int/frdp/assets/FRDP_2016_Resilient_Dev_pacific.pdf

Key Observations

❅ PICs continue to show great leadership in international and regional CCDRM forums. The ratification and/or endorsement of international and regional treaties and frameworks, including the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, Sendai Framework for DRR, the SDG/2030 Agenda, and the FRDP, are examples demonstrating this leadership.

❅ There is a relatively strong policy landscape for CCDRM across PICs. As the link between development, CC and DRR/DRM become more pronounced in the region, there is greater integration of CCDRM considerations into existing National Development Strategies/Plans.

❅ While countries have developed national climate change policies, there is an increasing move towards legislating CCDRM in the region. Having national climate change legislations will provide a strong legislative and regulatory basis for climate change activities and the institutions that implement and coordinate these activities.

❅ Mainstreaming CCDRM into national and sectoral policies and plans remains weak in PICs. Progress on this is constrained by the perception that CCDRM is the responsibility of only a few line ministries. Vertical integration of CCDRM is still lacking for most of the PICs. While the link between national and international policies and frameworks on CCDRM are clear, there is limited integration of CCDRM into provincial, state and community level plans. This mismatch makes it difficult to address community adaptation needs.

❅ A lot of policies still lack actions, targets, indicators and costings. Integrating actions, targets and indicators are important to guide policy implementation and achieve intended outputs. Costing policies will ensure resources are sufficiently allocated and managed for identified activities.

❅ Lack of M&E frameworks to monitor and evaluate the impact of policy implementation remains a major setback to effectively track and monitor progress and impact of CCDRM issues in PICs. M&E is mostly project-based. Without national M&E tools and systems, it is difficult to monitor progress and evaluate the effectiveness of CCDRM activities in PICs.

❅ There are no established mechanisms for capturing community level data and traditional knowledge and feeding these into policies. The importance of traditional knowledge to building resilience of local communities cannot be over-emphasised. Traditional knowledge has been shown to assist local communities in disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation. Women’s role in mainstreaming traditional knowledge has also been identified as critical.

Key Recommendations

❅ Develop mainstreaming guidelines for integration of CCDRM across sectoral policies, plans and activities. Ensure vertical integration and alignment of CCDRM policies and plans at all levels.

❅ Actions, targets, indicators and costings should always be included in policy developments and updates.

❅ Develop national M&E frameworks to assist in tracking and reporting progress of implementation of CCDRM policies. Such frameworks should be linked to National Development Strategies or their equivalents.

❅ Establish mechanisms to capture CCDRM-related traditional knowledge and community level data and feed them back to policies, to ensure community priorities and existing adaptive capacity is recognised at the centre of these policies.


Key Messages• The ministry/departments responsible for climate change and disaster risk management in PICs

(in some PICs the responsibility sits within the same agency) are primarily responsible for leading on all CCDRM activities. Other line ministries provide assistance.

• Most countries have established structures and platforms within line ministries/departments intended to oversee CCDRM programmes; however, coordination is relatively weak across PICs. Strengthened coordination is imperative due to the cross-cutting nature of these issues.

• Substantial progress has been made in identifying potential National Implementing Entities for GCF accreditation, although countries need to further strengthen national systems and institutions to meet NIE accreditation requirements.

• International, regional and local NGOs play significant roles in terms of implementing CCDRM activities across PICs, but their expertise and networks are not fully utilised by governments.

• Most PICs do not have established central mechanisms for the collection and dissemination of CCDRM-related information, in a timely and consistent manner.

3.3 Institutional Analysis


Effective institutions are critical to driving a country’s response to climate change and disasters. The competencies of pre-existing institutions and processes have an impact on planning, access and management of CCDR finance. Where the status quo is inadequate for accessing and managing CCDR finance, institutional reforms will have to be executed to ensure the maximisation of available funding opportunities and management of CCDR finance.

The Institutional Analysis assesses the rules, organisations and social norms that facilitate progression toward a country’s climate change goals. The analysis considers issues such as organisational structure and processes; political, legal and cultural frameworks; coordination and collaboration with external stakeholders; clarity of roles and responsibilities; and infrastructure.

Key Observations

❅ The ministry/departments responsible for climate change and disaster risk management are primarily responsible for all CCDRM activities. Other line ministries provide assistance. This arrangement is often effective with proper coordination. Due to the cross-cutting nature of climate change, there is an ongoing need to involve more ministries in CCDRM planning and reporting processes.

❅ Most countries have attempted to establish structures and platforms within line ministries intended to oversee CCDRM programmes; however, coordination is relatively weak across PICs. Where coordination mechanisms exist, roles and responsibilities of different actors are often not clearly delineated. Lack of a centralised coordination mechanism impedes other important processes that effectively address development and CCDRM in PICs, including reporting and monitoring processes.

❅ Substantial progress has been made in identifying potential NIEs to the GCF and AF, although most countries need to further strengthen national systems and institutions to meet NIE accreditation requirements and standards.

❅ International, regional and local NGOs play significant roles in terms of implementing CCDRM activities across PICs. The private sector plays an important role in terms of mobilising climate investment and meeting countries’ emission targets. However, both these sectors are often left out of national coordination mechanisms, and the private sector currently has very limited engagement with CCDRM activities throughout PICs. The Private Sector Facility established under the GCF provides a funding window of opportunity for increasing private sector engagement. The GCF has a special focus on LDCs and SIDS17.

❅ There is very limited progress towards achieving greater access to and dissemination of CCDRM information. Most PICs do not have established central mechanisms for the collection and dissemination of information. Access to and dissemination of the right CCDRM information is crucial, as it can foster greater engagement and participation of stakeholders in CCDRM processes. It also allows for greater community awareness of CCDRM activities and issues.

Key Recommendations

❅ Establish and strengthen coordination institutions and mechanisms for greater stakeholder engagement, monitoring of CCDRM activities and dissemination of information.

❅ Institutionalise M&E of CCDRM activities as part of National Development Strategies and Plans across PICs.

❅ Strengthen institutions and build capacities of entities that have the potential of becoming NIEs for countries aspiring to get NIE accreditation.

❅ Strengthen engagement with NGOs and CSOs who are already engaging, as well as with potential implementers of CCDRM activities.

❅ Other PICs can learn from two practical and operational case studies: Vanuatu’s National Advisory Body (NAB) (Box 4) and the Micronesian Conservation Trust based in Pohnpei, FSM (Box 5)

17 More about the Private Sector Facility can be found here: https://www.greenclimate.fund/documents/20182/194568/The_Green_Climate_Fund_s_Private_Sector_Facility.pdf/c47eacd1-5b93-4fe0-97de-b4b9ebe669d3


Box 4: Vanuatu’s National Advisory Board (NAB) on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction

Having a legislative mandate for its set-up and functions meant the NAB had a concrete enabling and operating legislative/policy framework. The NAB clarifies structures and processes for CCDRM and provides dedicated resourcing for strategic and policy advice, coordination of activities and fostering cooperation amongst agencies. By playing a leading role in project appraisal and acting as gatekeeper for project approvals, the NAB contributes to enhancing synergies across sectors and different actors, reducing duplication as a result.

The NAB Portal provides general climate change activity updates and projects information enabling easier access to information, enhancing information sharing and wider dissemination of CCDRM information. The NAB portal also has a dedicated section on climate financing.

Online link: https://www.nab.vu

Box 5: Micronesia Conservation Trust - Focusing on Institutional Strengthening

Established in 2002 as the first conservation trust fund in the region, the Micronesia Conservation Trust (MCT) has always focused on grant-making. It currently serves as a pertinent case study for the Pacific Islands region as a model for channelling funds to local-level organisations. A number of lessons have emerged from MCT’s experiences, including the capacity constraints that many local organisations have in terms of managing donor finances. MCT also focuses on capacity building by supporting financial and project management capacity of NGOs throughout the region.

As an accredited entity to both the Adaptation Fund (for projects up to USD 1 million) and the Green Climate Fund, MCT continues to focus on institutional strengthening for local organizations. A recent submission to the Adaptation Fund has been approved for USD 970,000. Outcome 3 of this project is to build community-level adaptive capacity to climate change with a focus on protected area networks, enforcement training and a small grants scheme to support ecosystem-based actions. Furthermore, two projects are currently being developed for submission to the Green Climate Fund. One of these focuses solely on preparing the enabling environment and building the organizational capacity for implementing and executing agencies in FSM. The project proposal will include capacity building in financial and project management for local organizations, as well as a small grants scheme.

Online link: https://cfn.pacificclimatechange.net/node/58


Key Messages• There have been significant reforms to PFM systems across PICs as a result of the PEFA assessments.

These reforms have resulted in improved PFM systems for some PICs.

• CCDRM expenditures of total recurrent budget are mostly between 4% and 10% for the different time periods assessed.

• When compared by type of total CCDRM expenditures, adaptation is by far the largest proportion, accounting for between 41% and 90.5%, of recurrent expenditures (weighted) across PICs.

• Although CCDRM is well articulated in the policy space, national budget allocations for CCDRM are still relatively low across PICs.

• Adequate and timely funding arrangements required for emergency purposes are still lacking in most PICs.

3.4 Public Financial Management and Expenditure Analysis

Direct access to global climate change funds such as the GCF and the AF require strong PFM systems in order to meet the necessary fiduciary standards. Strengthening PFM is also key to increasing donor confidence in country systems and therefore enabling direct budget support/other modalities that provide more control by national governments/programmatic approaches and moving away from fragmented project approach.


Key Observations

❅ There have been significant reforms to PFM systems across PICs as a result of the PEFA assessments. These reforms were undertaken to further strengthen PFM systems. Improvements in PFM systems have been observed as a result of past and ongoing reforms. Kiribati and Samoa are exemplars of improved systems resulting from PFM reforms (see Figure 5).

❅ CCDRM expenditures of total recurrent budget range between 4% and 10% for the different time periods assessed. This shows Pacific Island governments are spending their own domestic resources to address climate change and disaster impacts. Increases in CCDRM expenditure above the range is, however, evident in years following natural disasters, where governments have to spend on post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes. Table 6 shows how much of domestic funds have been allocated to CCRDM related activities.

Table 6: Recurrent budget allocation for CCDR related activities in PICs

CountryRecurrent expenditure weighted

for CCDRM (%)Period (Year)

Fiji 3.6 2014

FSM 6.3 2012–2016

Kiribati 8 2014–2018

Nauru 4–10 2010–2013

Palau 7.4 2011–2015

RMI 4 2009–2014

Tonga 6.9 – 8.7 2009–2014

Samoa 10–16 2010–2016

Solomon Islands 5.4 2013–2016

Vanuatu 7.6 2012–2016

❅ When compared by type of total CCDRM expenditures, adaptation is by far the largest proportion, accounting between 41% and 90.5%, of recurrent expenditures (weighted) across PICs. This is a reflection of the high importance placed on adaptation, as opposed to mitigation, in PICs.

❅ Adequate and timely funding arrangements required for emergency purposes are still lacking in most countries. For a region that is highly vulnerable to natural hazards and prone to disasters, having dedicated and flexible funding mechanisms for disaster response and recovery is essential. A number of disaster risk financing mechanisms exist including Emergency Funds, Contingency Funds and Risk Insurance; however, PICs need to have more information on the different mechanisms to ensure the most appropriate financing instruments are being used.

❅ Although CCDRM is well articulated in the policy space, national budget allocations for CCDRM are still relatively low across PICs. The main reason behind this is that a lot of policies still lack actions, targets, indicators and associated costings, and these actions and budgets are not operationalised through inclusion in corporate plans. Specifying actions and associated costings will allow for effective, controlled and targeted resource allocation for CCDRM activities.

❅ Significant progress has been made in gaining GCF NIE accreditation and accessing GCF funds. Countries that have gained NIE accreditation to date are Fiji (Fiji Development Bank), Cook Islands (Ministry of Finance and Economic Management), and FSM (Micronesia Conservation Trust). Other countries have accessed GCF (and the AF) through international and regional accredited entities. Countries that have accessed GCF project funding to date include Fiji, Tuvalu, Cook Islands, RMI, Kiribati, Nauru, Vanuatu, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands and Tonga.

❅ Accounting for in-kind support and external assistance being delivered using donor systems (instead of country systems) remains a challenge for the region.


Key Recommendations

❅ There is a need to further strengthen PFM systems. Well-organised countries with strong PFM systems are likely to access more climate change and disaster risk financing than those countries most in need. To this end, improving the PFM system should be seen as a whole-of-government effort that will bring whole-of-government benefits.

❅ Regular monitoring and reporting of total CCDRM expenditure should be institutionalised in respective countries. Efforts should be pursued at the national level to capture CCDRM expenditure outside the government budget (including in-kind support) in centralised databases.

❅ Setting expenditure targets is required for effective policy implementation. Countries should also consider allocating more resources for CCDRM given the high vulnerabilities of communities.

❅ Regulations to establish disaster-specific funds that are readily available at the declaration of emergencies should be developed and implemented. In doing so, countries should consider options for sustaining DRM funds.

Figure 6: Examples of PFM Reforms

• Kiribatimanagedtoimplementreformsthatsignificantlyimpacteddevelopmentoutcomes,includingreformstodebtmanagementof the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF) and some reforms in the SOE sector to support private sector growth This is to identify activities within the SOE that can be divested and outsourced as well as further strengthening the commercial mandate of theSOEstopromotefinanciallysustainabledeliveryofpublicservice.

• Kiribati is committed to a structurally balanced budget. This has entailed setting an expenditure path that is consistentwithmeetingfiscalbalanceincludingdonorbudgetarysupport,excludingforeignfinancedcapitalexpenditure.

• Thecommitmentforbalancedbudgetoverthecomingyearshelpsinsulatespendingfrompotentialvolatilityinfishingrevenueinorder to mitigate the high risk of debt distress.

• Withtheimprovementinthefiscalbalance,thegovernmentnowhasanambitiousdevelopmentagenda,envisagedintheKiribati20-YearVision(KV20),topromoteinclusiveandsustainablegrowthwithenhancedsustainabilityandpolicycapacity.

• ImplementationofreformscontributedtoimprovementsinthegovernanceandmanagementoftheRERFandreplenishmentofthefundsfromthecashreservesinassociationwithanincreaseinfisheriesrevenue.

• A well-organised multi-layered PFM reform governance structure with effective links from the implementation/operationallevelupwards to the cabinet/political level that is recognisedbyall stakeholders contributes to the successfulorganisationandmanagementofthewholereformprocess.TheintroductionofFinanceOneSystemhelpsimprovethefinancialmanagementandefficientproductionoftheneededfinancialandbudgetreporting.

• Strictoutput-basedbudgetingandtheroll-outoftheFinanceOnesystemtoallministriescontributedtoimprovedservicedelivery.

• Clear sector plans are linked to National Development Plan and the the budget allocation provided in the budget frameworkproduces a higher level of accuracy of budget estimates and good discipline around reporting and payments.

• The recognition and clear understanding of the importance of enhancing resilience to external shocks and climate change anddisaster,and the subsequent integrationandmonitoringof climate resilienceactionsand indicators in sectorplansandannualreviews contribute to more resilient development planning and monitoring.

PFM Reforms inKiribati

PFM Reforms in Samoa


Key Messages• There have been ongoing efforts to improve capacity development for CCDRM in PICs through the

provision of scholarships and training.

• While a few countries are adequately capacitated, the majority of PICs have limited technical capacity to effectively plan, access, manage, disburse, monitor and report on international CCDR finance.

• NGOs and research institutes provide added capacities that governments throughout the region can benefit from.

• Existing capacity limitations in line ministries/departments responsible for CCDRM continues to hinder access and effective management of CCDR finance.

3.5 Human Capacity Analysis

Developing countries such as the Pacific SIDS are becoming heavily involved in CCDRM actions. The ratification of multilateral agreements, including those related to CCDRM, requires support across a wide range of sectors, involving many actors. Countries will be able to effectively respond to climate change and disaster impacts if there is adequate institutional capacity. Capacity building is particularly important to fully implement the Paris Agreement at the national level and to fulfil other monitoring and reporting obligations under the UNFCCC.

Human capacity is crucial to be able to carry out the full cycle of a CCDR financing grant and maintain a good reputation with donors as a low-risk, good investment. Figure 6 provides a diagrammatic representation of the benefits of having sufficient and skilled human capacity.


Figure 7: Full Cycle of a CCDR financing grant

The Human Capacity Analysis assesses the ability of individuals to manage programmes and projects; individual attitudes, knowledge, behaviour and actions; and how a country manages and develops the awareness, understanding and skills of its human resources.

At the regional level, examples of capacity support to the region for CCDRM include the Regional Technical Support Mechanism (RTSM) and USP’s Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (Figure 7).

Figure 8: Capacity building and support mechanisms in PICs

Sufficient & skilled human

capacity

Better access to climate change

Meeting grant administration

& reporting obligations

Efficient project implementation

& achievement of goals

Effective coordination of

national climate & disaster

programme

Donors encouraged to

invest/modalities

Better access to climate change

The mechanism facilitated rapid access and deployment of experts into PICs, on a request basis. Using a roster of experts couldsupplement capacity needs at the country level by building on existing relationships between countries and their development partners,expertisewithinCROPagenciesandotherstakeholdersandpeer-to-peerexchangesbetweencountries,wherepossible.

The RTSM and RRF facilitated coordination of effort betweenpartners and CROP agencies in the provision of much needed technical assistance and expertise where there were gaps in countries. It was also based on the principle of partnership.

The RTSM harmonised and centralised the management and administration of a regional pool of technical experts, therebyreducing overhead costs and administrative burden on the limited capacities of FICs.

Online link: http://rtsm.pacificclimatechange.net/

Established as part of The University of the South Pacific’s (USP)1999 strategic plan, the Centre was opened in response to theregion’sneedforfurtherresearchoftheenvironment.

TheCentreoffersprogrammesatPostgraduateDiploma,Master’sand PhD levels that contribute to informed decision-making and shaping regional policy design for PICs.

Inclusion and involvement of postgraduate students as support staff to PICs during the UNFCCC COP negotiations givesinternational exposure to students and helps broaden their knowledge surrounding multilateral environmental agreements suchastheUNFCCC,buildstheirnegotiationanddiplomaticskillsand facilitates wider networking.

The Centre contributes to greater awareness of climate change across a range of sectors and industries through its community engagement and outreach.

Online link: https://pace.usp.ac.fj/

Regional Technical Support Mechanism (RTSM)

USP’sPacificCentreforEnvironmentandSustainable Development (USP PaCE - SD)


Key Observations

❅ There is evidence of ongoing efforts to improve technical capacity for CCDRM through the provision of scholarships and training across PICs.

❅ While a few countries are adequately capacitated, the majority of PICs have limited technical capacity to effectively plan, access, manage, disburse, monitor and report on international CCDR finance. Having the right balance of capacities in-country is crucial for accessing and effectively managing CCDR finance as well as implementing and executing CCDRM activities.

❅ There continues to be a large number of expatriate staff managing CCDRM projects in many PICs. Local expertise in CCDRM is limited across PICs. Where technical capacities exist, a lot of staff are project-based. This has led to high staff turnover and difficulty in retaining technical staff. Lack of coordination also hinders pooling of technical capacities to address capacity limitations.

❅ NGOs and research institutes provide added capacities that governments throughout the region can benefit from. Similarly, thinking about other “out-of-the-box” approaches including using retirees who have returned to communities.

❅ Existing capacity limitations in line ministries responsible for CCDRM continue to hinder access and effective management of CCDR finance.

Key Recommendations

❅ Future CCDRM projects must have an embedded component related to capacity development and the transfer of knowledge. This will ensure that external consultants provide an added value to government. Short-term capacity supplementation is also recommended where needed, although such arrangements should also include capacity development and knowledge transfer to local staff.

❅ Governments across PICs should consider developing capacity-building strategic plans that will address capacity needs in both the short and long term. This is particularly important for CCDRM where knowledge keeps evolving and innovative solutions to addressing impacts are needed.

❅ Governments should consider including officers from other ministries, NGOs and the private sector in climate finance meetings and international negotiations. The inclusion of a wide range of stakeholders in the negotiation process will assist in capacity-building on key negotiations surrounding climate change financing.

❅ Donors providing scholarship opportunities to PICs must target the needs of the governments. Observed capacity limitations to address CCDRM issues, should encourage governments and donors to consider allocating more scholarships for CCDRM and related fields.


Key Messages• While progress has been made in the inclusion of GSI considerations in both national development

strategies and climate change policies and plans in some countries, mainstreaming of GSI remains relatively weak in most PICs.

• Technical skills on gender and social inclusion mainstreaming is limited within key government ministries across PICs.

• There have been very limited assessments across PICs in terms of resource allocation for GSI. Where data is available, it is evident that very limited funding is allocated for GSI.

• NGOs have a track record of promoting GSI in their undertaking and therefore have technical capacity and knowledge that governments could benefit from.

3.6 Gender and Social Inclusion Analysis

Gender and Social Inclusion (GSI) considerations are important because climate change and disaster impacts on different sections within a society are different. GSI is a key ingredient for accessing project funding for global funds such as the GCF and the Adaptation Fund, and supports efforts to seek NIE accreditation.

The Gender and Social Inclusion Analysis assesses how gender elements have been integrated into the daily functioning of different government and community organisations, especially when it comes to climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction functions, as well as into externally funded projects and programmes.

The development of the Pacific Gender and Climate Change Toolkit and Vanuatu’s gender-sensitive and responsive budgeting provides a good examples of progressing GSI at the regional and national levels (see Boxes 6 and 7).

30 | Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Assessments | 2019

Box 6: Vanuatu’s Gender Sensitive Budgeting

Vanuatu’s Council of Ministers agreed to Decision 94 of 2017: Support to Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting (GRB) process for 2018. The decision agreed to endorse and approve the inclusion of GRB in the 2018 budget for the Ministry of Climate Change, Ministry of Lands, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Department of Local Authorities (Municipalities and Provincial Governments). The decision also agreed to mandate all other Ministries to follow suit in GRB for 2019.

This initiative is a key achievement of the advocacy work by the Department of Women Affairs but also indicative of the increased collaboration of key government agencies on gender mainstreaming. This process provides a strong impetus for coordination between line ministries responsible for planning, budgeting, climate change and gender to enable the development of a systemic approach to identifying gender elements for budgeting and planning in areas including CCDRR.

Box 7: The Pacific Gender and Climate Change Toolkit

The Pacific Gender and Climate Change toolkit is designed to support climate change practitioners in the Pacific Islands region to integrate gender into their programmes and projects.

The toolkit outlines step-by-step tools relevant to all stages of the policy process, and examples of application across multiple sectors and policy spheres including water, health, governance, energy, disaster risk reduction, and food security.

The principles and practices proposed in this toolkit are based on many decades of experience in the integration of a gender perspective in sustainable development, natural resources management and disaster preparedness.

Link to toolkit: https://www.pacificclimatechange.net/sites/default/files/documents/Gender-CC-Toolkit_About-the-toolkit.pdf

Key Observations

❅ Analysis of GSI considerations within existing CCDRM policies, plans and activities reveal mixed outcomes. While considerable progress has been made in the inclusion of GSI considerations in both national development strategies and climate change policies and plans in some countries, mainstreaming of GSI remains relatively weak in most PICs.

❅ Technical skills on gender and social inclusion mainstreaming is limited within key government ministries across PICs. For the most part, there are few personnel responsible for gender and social inclusion and often their focus is limited to advocacy and social policy matters. Most funding mechanisms for climate change have a gender policy. The GCF, for example, require an initial gender and social assessment in proposals for funding and a gender and social inclusion action plan at the project preparation stage. These require technical capacity that is mostly lacking in key ministries across the PICs. NGOs have a track record of promoting GSI in their undertaking and therefore have technical capacity that governments could benefit from.

❅ There has been very limited assessment across PICs in terms of resource allocation for GSI. Where data is available, it is evident that very limited funding is allocated for GSI.


Key Recommendations

❅ Mainstreaming processes for both CCDRM and GSI should be done simultaneously rather than in isolation. Gender mainstreaming can be supported through a variety of mechanisms including through Gender Responsive Planning and Budgeting process, linked to tagging and tracking CCDRM flows and specific inclusion of GSI actions within JNAPs and national climate change policies. Governments should also consider increasing resource allocation for GSI and GSI specialists.

❅ Build sufficient technical expertise and human resource capacity across all sectors, for gender and social inclusion, to ensure effective development of programmes across relevant ministries and departments. Establishing gender and social inclusion focal points across relevant ministries will help facilitate mainstreaming; however, it is also important to ensure these focal points are adequately resourced.

❅ Establish a systemic processes to collect, evaluate and report on GSI benefits/impacts recorded through project implementation. Governments should work closely with NGOs who are already engaged in GSI as they may have important lessons to share and build on.

❅ There is a need to increase collection and dissemination of gender and vulnerable group disaggregated data. Climate change and disasters have differential impacts on gender and other social groupings. The availability of disaggregated data will assist governments and other development partners design policies and programmes that are responsive to the needs of specific and vulnerable groupings, and allocate resources where they are most needed. The availability of disaggregated data will also strengthen proposals for CCDRM funding.

❅ Similarly, there is a need for ensuring representation of a diversity of groups in consultations and decision-making roles for projects and programmes. There is increasing evidence for responses being more effective if the diversity of the affected population is included.


Key Messages• PICs leaders have continued to demonstrate leadership in various international and regional

forums.

• PICs continue to show great leadership and ownership through the development of core CCDRM policies and plans.

• The lack of formal coordination mechanisms and mutually agreed M&E indicators in most countries makes managing for results and mutual accountability difficult.

• Alignment and harmonisation of efforts to national policies and plans remains a challenge as many development partners still operate outside government processes and systems.

• Efforts have been undertaken in some countries to establish forums and round-table meetings for development partners, stakeholder dialogues and CCDRM information sharing and exchange, although more systematic processes are needed for greater stakeholder dialogue and engagement.

3.7 Development Effectiveness Analysis


Since the Busan 2011 High Level Forum of Development Effectiveness, the debate has shifted from “aid effectiveness” to “development effectiveness” to reflect an increasingly complex development environment. New global development challenges include food insecurity, climate change and armed conflict, coupled with enlarging roles of different actors and stakeholders and the need to determine the real impact of aid as a catalyst for development.

The principles of development effectiveness and the need to ensure that aid is delivered in an effective way that maximises impact and achieves value for money remain relevant and central to climate change response. National ownership of development strategies, alignment of development assistance with national priorities, and harmonisation of development efforts all contribute to better, more sustainable development outcomes.

The Development Effectiveness Analysis considers the link between climate change and broader development effectiveness efforts. It considers issues such as ownership, leadership, alignment, harmonisation, managing for results and mutual accountability.

Key Observations

❅ PIC leaders have continued to demonstrate leadership in various international and regional forums.

❅ PICs continue to show great leadership and ownership through the development of core CCDRM policies and plans. The levels of leadership and ownership have been manifested through the signing of important CCDRM-related international and regional agreements and frameworks such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the Sendai Framework on DRR, and the regional Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific.

❅ Efforts have been made in some countries to establish forums and round-table meetings for development partners, stakeholder dialogues and CCDRM information sharing and exchange, although more systematic government-led processes are needed for greater stakeholder dialogue and engagement.

❅ In countries with particularly small administrations, multiple country missions by development partners have proven to be overwhelming. Countries across the region are increasingly favouring joint missions by development partners and no mission periods during critical months for budget preparation.

❅ The lack of formal coordination mechanisms and mutually agreed M&E indicators in most countries makes managing for results and mutual accountability difficult. The effectiveness of individual CCDRM projects have been evaluated on a project-by-project basis. There is no mechanism to determine the “collective” effectiveness/impact of CCDRM interventions across PICs.

❅ Alignment and harmonisation of efforts to national policies and plans remains a challenge as many development partners still operate outside government processes and systems.

Key Recommendations

❅ Countries should strengthen coordination mechanisms and conduct regular meetings with donors and developments partners. The need for proper coordination mechanisms is fundamental for many country developments and planning, including the provision of an established platform for all CCDRM stakeholders to engage in open dialogue; less fragmentation and duplication of efforts; better alignment to national priorities; and greater harmonisation and ownership of CCDRM activities.

❅ Countries should work towards mutually agreed M&E indicators and a framework for CCDRM programmes and projects. M&E frameworks should be linked to national development strategies. Developing national M&E systems will enable countries to monitor progress of project implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of CCDRM activities. M&E contributes to transparency and mutual accountability, allows lessons to be shared, and will help inform future CCDRM projects.

❅ Partners and regional organisations that wish to engage with the government should consider joint missions and approaches to lessen the burden on already-stretched administrations. Countries should also play a lead role in setting periods for missions – these should not be approved during critical periods of budget planning.


The Choiseul Integrated Climate Change Programme (CHICCHAP) aims for a more holistic and programme-based ridge-to-reef approach involving coordinated efforts by government agencies,development partners and NGOs working in a multi-sector programme in one province.

A Provincial Steering Committee meets quarterly and reports through to the national level Partners Advisory Implementation Group(PAIG),whichmeetstwiceayear.ThePAIGChairisrotatedannually between the Solomon Islands Government and NGO partners.

CHICCHAP has received very positive feedback within the province from provincial executives as well as the NGOs and development partners that are involved. It has enabled a space for information sharing and for partners to determine where they can complement eachother’swork,reducingduplicationofeffort.

MECDM has recognised the positive results of this coordination approach and is currently undertaking a roll-out of the approach across all nine provinces. It provides a strong example of a coordination approach that engages stakeholders in dialogue and partnership. By recognising the importance of M&E in order to alsostrengthenthisapproach,thePAIGhasagreedtoanexternalevaluation of the CHICCHAP being undertaken. The results of this will assist in informing the expansion of the approach.

Online link: https://www.spc.int/cccpir/solomon-islands

The Government of Tonga has entered into a Budget Support programmewith a significant group of development partners totry to align with some key areas of priority to Tonga.

The currently participating development partners are theWorldBank (lead agency), ADB, Australia and the EuropeanUnion.Thecore of this process is the JPRM that lists a series of targets for the Government to achieve,whichwill then lead to the provision ofbudget support to the Government.

The most recent JPRM on August 2014 has 12 targets in four areas:

• StrengtheningPublicFinancialManagement

• StrengtheningFiscalPolicy

• EnhancingtheBusinessEnablingEnvironment(includingState Owned Enterprise Reform)

• EnergyEfficiencyandRenewables.

In each of these areas the Government has a clear strategy or road map of policies and reforms.

This process arose out of the impacts of the Global Financial Crisis whentheGovernmentfacedsignificantfallsinrevenuestreamsasremittances fell and the overall economy slowed.

Case Study: Choiseul Integrated Climate Change Programme (CHICCHAP) – Solomon Islands

Case Study: Budget Support Mechanism and Joint Policy Reform Matrix (JPRM) – Tonga

Figure 9: Models for Coordination, Leadership and Alignment in PICs


Annex: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Finance Readiness Inventories of Pacific Island Countries

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in the respective country matrices below are primarily based on completed PCCFAF and CPEIR reports. Since country assessments were conducted over different timeframes, and owing to the rapidly evolving policy and development landscapes in the respective PICs, some of the information provided may be outdated and no longer accurate. The matrices should therefore be regarded as baseline information that countries can use to update for their own records as well as to track and monitor progress.


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imely

and

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plet

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n on

de

velo

pmen

t ass

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ce

(fund

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nd re

sults

).

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s req

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t de

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t par

tner

s dev

ote

mor

e atte

ntio

n to

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vern

men

t’s m

ove t

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ds

addr

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g stru

ctur

al op

portu

nitie

s.

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tegr

ate C

CDRM

into

de

velo

pmen

t and

ODA

desig

n an

d aid

fund

ing m

odali

ties

(ODA

Polic

y).

•UN

Wom

en su

ppor

ts th

e in

corp

orat

ion

of ge

nder

di

men

sions

in st

rate

gic

docu

men

ts fo

r disa

ster r

isk

man

agem

ent a

nd cl

imat

e ch

ange

thro

ugh

the p

rovis

ion

of kn

owled

ge pr

oduc

ts an

d too

ls on

the g

ende

red

impl

icatio

ns of

clim

ate c

hang

e an

d disa

sters.

•NS

DP re

cogn

ises g

ende

r eq

ualit

y inc

ludi

ng in

clusio

n of

spec

ial n

eeds

of w

omen

, pe

rsons

with

disa

bilit

ies an

d ot

her v

ulne

rabl

e gro

ups.

•W

omen

livin

g in

the

oute

r isla

nds h

ave g

reat

er

depe

nden

cy on

nat

ural

reso

urce

s for

their

liveli

hood

s an

d are

ther

efor

e muc

h m

ore

vuln

erab

le to

the i

mpa

cts o

f cli

mat

e cha

nge a

nd di

saste

rs.

•De

velo

p too

ls to

ensu

re

relev

ant C

CDRM

entit

ies

have

expe

rtise

to eff

ectiv

ely

main

strea

m ge

nder

and s

ocial

in

clusio

n iss

ues i

nto r

eleva

nt

polic

ies, p

lans a

nd pr

ojec

ts to

en

sure

equi

ty an

d inc

lusio

n.

•Cl

arify

Gen

der a

nd

Deve

lopm

ent D

ivisio

n (G

ADD)

m

anda

te.

•In

creas

e res

ource

s and

capa

city

for G

ADD.

•In

creas

e the

amou

nt of

sex-

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a col

lecte

d.

•In

creas

e tec

hnica

l cap

acity

.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

– F

eder

ated

Sta

tes o

f Mic

rone

sia

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t (CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) an

d Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l In

clusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a, US

Com

pact

/USA

ID,

EU, J

apan

, Chi

na. G

EF/U

NDP,

SCCF

, Wor

ld B

ank,

ADB,

MCT

.

•M

ain so

urce

s for

fund

ing a

re

bilat

eral

(67%

) and

mul

tilat

eral

(33%

).

•Fr

om 20

11, c

ompo

sitio

n of

fu

ndin

g: m

itiga

tion

(56.

5%),

adap

tatio

n (27

.7%

), DR

M (1

0%)

and D

RR (5

.8%

).

•M

icron

esia

Cons

erva

tion T

rust

(MCT

): fu

nded

by a

varie

ty

of in

stitu

tions

and d

onor

s in

cludi

ng pr

ivate

foun

datio

ns.

•A

disa

ster r

elief

fund

was

es

tabl

ished

by th

e gov

ernm

ent.

•CO

FA h

as tw

o spe

cific p

rovis

ions

th

at re

late t

o disa

sters.

•M

CT ac

credi

ted a

s Reg

iona

l Im

plem

entin

g Ent

ity (R

IE)

unde

r the

Ada

ptat

ion

Fund

an

d GCF

.

•Ne

ed to

prio

ritise

clim

ate

chan

ge ad

apta

tion

to re

dres

s th

e ske

w to

ward

s miti

gatio

n.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•GE

F/UN

DP –

USD

22.7

m

Inte

grat

ed R

idge

-to-R

eef

appr

oach

to en

hanc

e eco

syste

m

serv

ices,

etc.

•AD

B –

USD

9.0m

Yap R

enew

able

Ener

gy D

evelo

pmen

t Pro

ject

•W

B –

USD

14.4

m En

ergy

Sect

or

Deve

lopm

ent P

rojec

t

•AF

/MCT

– U

SD 0.

97m

•AF

/SPR

EP –

USD

9.0m

• N

atio

nwid

e Int

egra

ted

Disa

ster R

isk M

anag

emen

t an

d Clim

ate C

hang

e Pol

icy

finali

sed i

n Ju

ne 20

13

in lin

e with

the N

SDP

2004

–202

3.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge A

ct 20

14

man

date

s Gov

ernm

ent t

o de

velo

p and

impl

emen

t th

e Clim

ate C

hang

e Pol

icy.

•Pr

ogre

ss on

polic

y is

repo

rted t

o Con

gres

s an

nuall

y by t

he Pr

esid

ent.

• FS

M al

so h

as a

Stat

e Cl

imat

e Cha

nge A

ct 20

11

in Ko

srae.

•Jo

int S

tate

Act

ion

Plan

s (JS

APs)

prov

ide

com

preh

ensiv

e doc

umen

ts at

the s

tate

leve

l to g

uide

CC

DRM

activ

ities

and

prio

rities

.

•JS

APs d

o not

hav

e a

defin

ed M

&E fr

amew

ork.

•Na

tiona

l Pol

icy Fr

amew

ork

pres

ents

a gap

in te

rms o

f ar

ticul

atin

g key

nat

iona

l ad

apta

tion

prio

rities

.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge A

ct

does

not

man

date

m

ainstr

eam

ing o

f clim

ate

chan

ge in

to ot

her s

ecto

rs.

•Su

ppor

t nee

ded

for d

evelo

pmen

t of

main

strea

min

g gui

delin

es

and M

&E pr

oces

ses.

•Ad

opt s

tand

ardi

sed

risk a

nd vu

lner

abilit

y as

sess

men

t fra

mew

ork.

•Le

ad ag

ency

for C

CDRM

is

Depa

rtmen

t of E

nviro

nmen

t, Cl

imat

e Cha

nge a

nd

Emer

genc

y Man

agem

ent

(DEC

EM).

•Cl

imat

e fina

nce s

plit

acro

ss

a num

ber o

f nat

iona

l or

gani

satio

ns, p

osin

g co

mpl

icatio

ns fo

r coo

rdin

atio

n.

•A

num

ber o

f coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

s esta

blish

ed:

Cong

ress

Clim

ate C

hang

e co

mm

ittee

at th

e leg

islat

ure

level

and C

C&SD

Coun

cil at

the

natio

nal g

over

nmen

t lev

el.

•GC

F tea

m es

tabl

ished

with

in

DoFA

.

•St

ate g

over

nmen

ts no

t re

pres

ente

d in

CC&S

D Co

uncil

.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge C

ount

ry

Team

and J

oint

Res

ource

M

anag

emen

t Net

work

wor

k ac

ross

nat

iona

l and

stat

e lev

els.

•Jo

int R

esou

rce M

anag

emen

t Ne

twor

k was

re-e

stabl

ished

to

prov

ide t

echn

ical c

oord

inat

ing

body

for D

RM at

stat

e and

na

tiona

l leve

ls.

•No

cent

ral m

echa

nism

for t

he

colle

ctio

n an

d diss

emin

atio

n of

CCDR

M-re

lated

info

rmat

ion.

Co

nsid

er de

velo

pmen

t of

info

rmat

ion

man

agem

ent a

nd

diss

emin

atio

n to

ols.

•Ne

ed fo

r stre

ngth

enin

g co

ordi

natio

n m

echa

nism

s at

all le

vels.

•Us

e Nat

iona

l Joi

nt Pl

atfo

rm

to in

clude

stan

dard

CCDR

M

finan

ce co

mpo

nent

.

Expe

nditu

re

•6.

3% of

tota

l nat

iona

l exp

endi

ture

s for

20

12–2

016 u

sed f

or CC

DRM

.

•CC

DRM

com

pone

nts o

f tot

al CC

DRM

-re

lated

expe

nditu

re: A

dapt

atio

n (U

SD

15.5

m),

Miti

gatio

n (U

SD 5.

1m),

DRM

(U

SD 4.

4m) a

nd D

RR (U

SD 4.

0m).

•Fis

cal g

ap ex

pect

ed fr

om po

st-20

23

Com

pact

scen

ario,

whe

re an

nual

finan

cing g

ap of

abou

t USD

41m

.

•St

ate g

over

nmen

ts’ CC

DRM

ex

pend

iture

s:

o Po

hnpe

i (2.

9%)

o Ya

p (3.

5%)

o Ch

uuck

(1.2

%)

o Ko

srae (

2.3%

)

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Th

e foc

us in

stre

ngth

enin

g PFM

in FS

M

is im

plem

entin

g the

PFM

Roa

dmap

.

•Po

licy d

evelo

pmen

t, bu

dget

and

plan

ning

is w

eak.

•39

.1%

of pr

ojec

ts on

-bud

get w

hile

60.9

% off

-bud

get.

•Bu

dget

docu

men

ts do

not

fully

ag

greg

ate a

ll pub

lic re

sour

ces d

edica

ted

to ac

hiev

ing s

ecto

r obj

ectiv

es.

•FS

M ye

t to d

evelo

p a M

ediu

m-Te

rm

Expe

nditu

re Fr

amew

ork (

MTE

F), a

m

ajor c

ompo

nent

to im

prov

ing f

utur

e pl

anni

ng

•Fin

ancia

l mec

hani

sms t

o dea

l with

re

spon

ses a

re ru

dim

enta

ry an

d lim

it th

e abi

lity t

o res

pond

quick

ly to

a di

saste

r.

•Gr

eate

r em

phas

is on

defin

ing a

nd

track

ing c

limat

e cha

nge fi

nanc

e re

quire

d at t

he n

atio

nal le

vel.

•Es

tabl

ish se

ctor

plan

ning

and

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sms a

t all l

evels

of

partn

ersh

ips a

nd en

gage

men

ts.

•Lim

ited c

apac

ity to

acce

ss an

d m

anag

e CCD

RM fi

nanc

e.

•Lim

ited c

apac

ity at

the f

our

state

s to e

ffect

ively

enga

ge

with

nat

iona

l gov

ernm

ent a

nd

dono

rs.

•Co

re su

ppor

t for

clim

ate

finan

ce is

the G

CF N

atio

nal

Desig

nate

d Aut

horit

y (ND

A)

Office

whi

ch h

as on

ly on

e fu

ll-tim

e sta

ff m

embe

r.

•Te

chni

cal e

xper

tise e

xists;

ho

weve

r, coo

rdin

atio

n of

te

chni

cal e

xper

tise i

s min

imal.

•Fr

agm

enta

tion

of fo

cal p

oint

s fo

r diff

eren

t int

erna

tiona

l fu

ndin

g mec

hani

sms t

hat d

o no

t ofte

n sh

are i

nfor

mat

ion.

•Al

l fou

r sta

tes h

ave s

taffi

ng

with

in re

spec

tive E

PA.

•Hi

gh st

aff tu

rnov

er. M

ost h

igh

level

posit

ions

are t

aken

up by

ex

patri

ates

.

•Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

g roa

dmap

has

be

en de

velo

ped.

•No

shor

tage

of sc

holar

ship

s an

d tra

inin

g opp

ortu

nitie

s; ho

weve

r, no s

truct

ured

ar

rang

emen

t to a

ddre

ss sk

ills

shor

tage

.

•Co

llege

of M

icron

esia

prov

ides

CC

DRM

-relat

ed tr

ainin

g.

•FS

M D

evelo

pmen

t Ban

k an

d Vita

l are

build

ing l

ocal

capa

city t

o acc

ess c

limat

e fin

ance

.

•Fu

ture

CCDR

M Pr

ojec

ts sh

ould

em

bed c

apac

ity bu

ildin

g an

d kno

wled

ge tr

ansfe

r co

mpo

nent

.

•St

reng

then

gove

rnm

ent’s

en

gage

men

t with

NGO

s.

•Sig

nific

ant p

rogr

ess m

ade o

n str

engt

heni

ng n

atio

nal in

stitu

tions

an

d pol

icies

for C

CDRM

and

deve

lopm

ent.

•De

mon

strat

ed re

gion

al an

d in

tern

atio

nal le

ader

ship

on cl

imat

e ch

ange

issu

es.

•Sc

ope f

or im

prov

ed al

ignm

ent a

nd

harm

onisa

tion.

•No

form

al co

ordi

natio

n m

echa

nism

fo

r don

ors.

•Di

ffere

nt do

nor r

equi

rem

ents

or co

nditi

ons h

ave l

ed to

aid

fragm

enta

tion.

•Na

tiona

l Ove

rseas

Dev

elopm

ent

Assis

tanc

e Pol

icy in

plac

e sin

ce

2013

.

•Do

nor r

ound

tabl

es an

d sim

ilar

even

ts no

t held

on a

rout

ine b

asis,

an

d disc

ussio

n of

CCDR

M in

the

Com

pact

neg

otiat

ions

and J

oint

Ec

onom

ic M

anag

emen

t Com

mitt

ee

(JEM

CO) i

s not

prom

inen

t.

•La

ck of

mut

ually

agre

ed in

dica

tors

and c

apac

ity to

man

age r

esul

ts m

akin

g mon

itorin

g and

evalu

atio

n of

inte

rven

tions

a ch

allen

ge.

•In

-cou

ntry

miss

ions

by

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers a

re la

rgely

un

coor

dina

ted a

nd jo

int m

issio

ns

rare

. Thi

s plac

es a

signi

fican

t bu

rden

on st

aff ti

me a

t the

coun

try

level.

Cons

ider

join

t miss

ions

and

appr

oach

es.

•Eff

orts

to en

sure

alig

nmen

t of

dono

r int

erve

ntio

ns w

ith n

atio

nal

prio

rities

are r

equi

red.

•Su

ppor

t ded

icate

d cap

acity

for

mon

itorin

g and

evalu

atin

g the

eff

ectiv

enes

s of a

id, in

cludi

ng

CCDR

M fi

nanc

ing.

•Ge

nder

polic

y in

plac

e and

ongo

ing

stren

gthe

ning

of FS

M

wom

en re

pres

enta

tion

•Sp

ecial

atte

ntio

n to

ge

nder

issu

es an

d the

ne

eds o

f mar

gina

lised

gr

oups

, suc

h as

small

at

oll c

omm

uniti

es,

the d

isabl

ed an

d the

eld

erly

is pr

ovid

ed

in th

e Nat

ionw

ide

Inte

grat

ed D

isaste

r Ri

sk M

anag

emen

t and

Cl

imat

e Cha

nge P

olicy

•Vu

lner

abilit

ies

amon

g the

se is

olat

ed

com

mun

ities

and t

heir

disa

dvan

tage

d gro

ups

vary

cons

ider

ably.

•Co

nsid

er de

velo

pmen

t of

guid

eline

s an

d sys

tem

s for

m

ainstr

eam

ing g

ende

r.

•In

creas

e col

lectio

n of

ge

nder

and v

ulne

rabl

e gr

oup d

isagg

rega

ted

data

.

•Es

tabl

ish fo

cal p

oint

s fo

r gen

der a

nd

socia

l inclu

sion

in al

l go

vern

men

t age

ncies


Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Disa

ster

Risk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

– Fi

jiDi

men

sions

of C

limat

e Ch

ange

and

Disa

ster

Risk

Man

agem

ent (

CCDR

M) F

inan

cing

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Eff

ectiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l In

clusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a (DF

AT),G

EF, U

NDP,

EU, J

apan

, GFD

RR

•CO

P23 s

uppo

rt to

Fiji

from

vario

us co

untri

es

(Aus

tralia

, Belg

ium

, Chi

na,

EU, N

ew Ze

aland

, etc)

and

orga

nisa

tiona

l don

ors.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•AD

B/GC

F USD

98.7

m Fi

ji Ur

ban W

ater

Supp

ly an

d W

aste

wate

r Man

agem

ent

Proj

ect

•GE

F/UN

DP U

SD 30

.2m

, Im

plem

entin

g a R

idge

-to-

Reef

App

roac

h to

Pres

erve

Ec

osys

tem

Serv

ices,

Sequ

este

r Ca

rbon

and I

mpr

ove C

limat

e Re

silien

ce an

d Sus

tain

Liv

eliho

ods

•GE

F Spe

cial C

limat

e Cha

nge

Fund

(SCC

F) –

USD

0.55

m

Clim

ate C

hang

e Ada

ptat

ion

to

Prot

ect H

uman

Hea

lth (P

ilot)

•UN

DP U

SD 1.

0m, G

reen

Cl

imat

e Fun

d Rea

dine

ss

Prog

ram

me

•AF

/UN

Habi

tat –

USD

4,

235,

995

•Fij

i Urb

an W

ater

Supp

ly an

d W

aste

wate

r Man

agem

ent

Proj

ect G

CF –

USD

405.

1m

•5-

Year

& 20

-Yea

r Nat

iona

l De

velo

pmen

t Plan

(NDP

) re

cogn

ises C

C as a

cros

s-cu

tting

issu

e.

•Fij

i’s N

atio

nal A

dapt

atio

n Pl

an Fr

amew

ork 2

017

influ

ence

s and

acce

lerat

es

the n

atio

nal d

evelo

pmen

t pa

thwa

y tow

ards

clim

ate-

resil

ient d

evelo

pmen

t.

•Fij

i Nat

iona

l Disa

ster

Com

mitt

ee (N

DC)

Impl

emen

tatio

n Ro

ad M

ap

2017

–203

0 gui

des N

DC

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•Re

publ

ic of

Fiji –

Nat

iona

l Cl

imat

e Cha

nge P

olicy

de

fines

objec

tives

and

strat

egies

to ad

dres

s clim

ate

chan

ge.

•ND

MA

and N

DMP a

ddre

ss

DRM

.

•CC

DRM

is n

ot co

nsid

ered

in

all le

vels

of pl

anni

ng,

strat

egies

and p

olici

es in

go

vern

men

t.

•CC

DRM

polic

ies an

d plan

s ar

e not

coste

d, re

sulti

ng

in la

ck of

cohe

renc

e ove

r th

e fun

ding

nec

essa

ry to

im

plem

ent t

hem

.

•Fij

i ass

umed

pres

iden

cy of

CO

P23 i

n 20

17.

•CC

DRM

main

strea

med

into

An

nual

Corp

orat

e Plan

s.

•Im

plem

enta

tion

plan

to

inclu

de a

pipe

line o

f pro

jects

and c

osts.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge D

ivisio

n ha

s bee

n sh

ifted

to M

inist

ry of

Econ

omy f

rom

M

inist

ry of

Fore

ign

Affair

s.

•Sy

stem

of CC

DRM

com

mitt

ees,

units

, offi

ces a

nd ot

her e

ntiti

es h

as w

eak

conn

ectio

ns re

sulti

ng in

a fra

gmen

ted

appr

oach

mar

ked b

y a la

ck of

co

mm

unica

tion

and c

oord

inat

ion.

•Fij

i Dev

elopm

ent B

ank a

ccre

dita

tion

to th

e GCF

in O

ctob

er 20

17 as

a Di

rect

Ac

cess

Entit

y.

•Th

e Min

istry

of Ec

onom

y (M

oE) h

as

been

desig

nate

d as t

he N

atio

nal

Desig

nate

d Aut

horit

y for

the G

reen

Cl

imat

e Fun

d.

•In

suffi

cient

staff

to m

eet t

he de

man

d fo

r CCD

RM in

itiat

ives.

•Ne

ed to

stre

ngth

en te

chni

cal a

nd

proj

ect m

anag

emen

t cap

aciti

es of

te

ams.

•In

creas

ed co

mm

unica

tion

flow

s fro

m

glob

al, n

atio

nal a

nd su

bnat

iona

l ac

tors

will

help

all s

take

hold

ers g

et

the i

nfor

mat

ion

they

nee

d to d

elive

r CC

DRM

proj

ects.

•De

velo

p ben

chm

arks

for t

he bu

dget

all

ocat

ion

to CC

DRM

expe

nditu

res.

•An

alysis

of th

e opp

ortu

nitie

s and

ch

allen

ges p

osed

by cr

eatin

g a

singl

e clim

ate/

envir

onm

ent/e

nerg

y/m

eteo

rolo

gy/d

isaste

r ent

ity to

pr

omot

e coo

rdin

atio

n an

d coh

eren

ce.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge D

ivisio

n (C

CD) a

nd

Natio

nal D

isaste

r Man

agem

ent O

ffice

(N

DMO)

to cr

eate

“one

-sto

p sho

p” fo

r sta

keho

lder

s to a

cces

s inf

orm

atio

n on

Fij

i’s CC

DRM

plan

s, ev

ents,

polic

ies,

proj

ects

and o

ppor

tuni

ties a

nd

proc

edur

es fo

r acc

essin

g fun

ds.

Expe

nditu

re

•CC

and D

RM es

timat

ed as

3.6%

and 3

.1%

of

tota

l gov

ernm

ent e

xpen

ditu

re (r

ecur

rent

and

capi

tal)

in 20

14.

•Go

vern

men

t exp

endi

ture

on CC

and D

RM h

as

risen

from

FJD

65m

in 20

09 to

FJD

104.

1m in

20

14 an

d FJD

47.5

m in

2009

to FJ

D 89

.4m

in

2014

, res

pect

ively.

•Ad

apta

tion

expe

nditu

re ro

se fr

om FJ

D 64

m in

20

09 to

FJD

98m

in 20

14.

•In

abso

lute

term

s, DR

R ex

pend

iture

incre

ased

fro

m ar

ound

FJD

38m

in 20

09 to

alm

ost F

JD

64m

in 20

14.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•20

12 PE

FA as

sess

men

t: Fij

i sco

red w

ell on

the

credi

bilit

y of t

he bu

dget

proj

ectio

n ag

ainst

actu

als.

•Go

vern

men

t allo

catio

n to

capi

tal s

pend

ing

has s

igni

fican

tly in

creas

ed an

d is e

xpec

ted t

o co

ntin

ue to

rise

in th

e fut

ure.

•Th

e PEF

A sc

ores

on th

e don

or in

dica

tors

are l

ow

due t

o poo

r reg

ular

repo

rting

to go

vern

men

t by

dono

rs in

cludi

ng th

ose o

n CC

DRM

.

•Ne

ed fo

r med

ium

-term

PFM

Ref

orm

Roa

dmap

to

stre

ngth

en PF

M sy

stem

s.

•La

ck of

alig

nmen

t bet

ween

polic

ies on

CC an

d DR

M an

d the

allo

catio

n of

reso

urce

s.

•Bu

ildin

g a m

ore r

obus

t PFM

syste

m is

a pr

iorit

y to

raise

confi

denc

e with

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers

and f

acilit

ate a

cces

s to C

C and

DRM

fina

nce.

•Pe

rman

ently

code

the c

lassifi

catio

n of

CCDR

M

expe

nditu

res i

n th

e bud

get.

•Iss

ue a

finan

ce ci

rcular

to m

inist

ries a

nd

depa

rtmen

ts to

clas

sify C

C and

DRM

ex

pend

iture

s in

budg

et bi

ds.

•De

velo

p ben

chm

arks

for C

CDRM

Bud

get

Allo

catio

ns.

•Ca

ptur

e CCD

RM ex

pend

iture

outsi

de th

e go

vern

men

t bud

get i

n ce

ntra

l dat

abas

e.

•La

ck of

adeq

uate

ca

pacit

y in

both

the

num

ber o

f sta

ff to

im

plem

ent C

CDRM

po

licies

, plan

s and

pr

ojec

ts an

d the

te

chni

cal a

nd pr

ojec

t m

anag

emen

t skil

ls re

quire

d for

staff

to be

su

cces

sful.

•In

suffi

cient

capa

city

of lo

cal a

genc

ies an

d co

mm

uniti

es, a

nd pe

ople

work

ing o

n th

e gro

und

to ac

cess

reso

urce

s an

d skil

ls to

effec

tively

pr

omot

e CCD

RM

objec

tives

.

•Re

view

train

ing n

eeds

of

CCD,

NDM

O, D

epar

tmen

t of

Ener

gy an

d Fiji

Met

eoro

logi

cal S

ervic

e to

deliv

er CC

DRM

man

date

.

•De

velo

p a pr

ogra

mm

e to

deliv

er tr

ainin

g for

te

chni

cal a

nd pr

ojec

t m

anag

emen

t cap

aciti

es

asso

ciate

d with

CCDR

M.

•De

velo

p a pr

ogra

mm

e to

deliv

er tr

ainin

g an

d gui

danc

e not

es

for l

ocal

agen

cies a

nd

com

mun

ities

to ac

cess

so

urce

s of f

undi

ng an

d re

sour

ces f

or CC

DRM

in

itiat

ives.

•Fij

i nee

ds to

ensu

re th

at

futu

re CC

DRM

assis

tanc

e, an

d dev

elopm

ent

assis

tanc

e in

gene

ral, i

s in

line w

ith th

e NDP

.

•Ne

ed fo

r Fiji

to bu

ild on

th

e Par

is De

clara

tion

for

Aid E

ffect

ivene

ss an

d th

e Bus

an Pr

incip

les of

De

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctive

ness

in

the d

elive

ry of

CCDR

M.

•Th

e alig

nmen

t of d

onor

as

sista

nce t

o gov

ernm

ent

prio

rities

nee

d to b

e str

engt

hene

d.

•Im

prov

e coo

rdin

atio

n be

twee

n de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtner

s.

•Co

nsul

tatio

n an

d co

ordi

natio

n am

ong

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers i

n th

eir ap

proa

ch to

CCDR

M.

•Co

nsol

idat

ion

of th

e ap

proa

ches

by th

e ODA

Un

it at

the M

inist

ry of

Ed

ucat

ion,

the

Prim

e M

inist

er’s O

ffice

and

Min

istry

of Fo

reig

n Aff

airs a

nd In

tern

atio

nal

Coop

erat

ion

to m

anag

e do

nor-f

unde

d pro

jects.

•In

put a

nd co

ntrib

utio

ns

on CC

DRM

issu

es fr

om

gove

rnm

ent a

genc

ies

resp

onsib

le fo

r wom

en,

yout

h, an

d peo

ple w

ith

disa

bilit

ies ar

e cru

cial.

•Fij

i Nat

iona

l Gen

der

Polic

y has

Acc

ess t

o En

ergy

, Disa

ster R

isk

Man

agem

ent a

nd

Clim

ate C

hang

e as

objec

tive 5

.

•Ge

nder

cons

ider

atio

ns

and s

ocial

inclu

sion

are

inte

grat

ed in

NDP

.

•M

ainstr

eam

ing o

f GS

I into

all m

inist

ry

and s

ecto

r plan

s and

pr

ogra

mm

es.

•Fij

i to b

uild

on th

e sig

nific

ant i

nter

natio

nal

reco

gniti

on of

the l

inks

be

twee

n ge

nder

and

CCDR

M.

•M

inist

ry of

Yout

h to

play

grea

ter r

ole

in id

entif

ying a

nd

prom

otin

g the

links

be

twee

n yo

uth,

clim

ate

chan

ge an

d disa

ster

man

agem

ent.

•Gr

eate

r rec

ogni

tion

need

ed of

the

cont

ribut

ion

of

non-

tradi

tiona

l sta

keho

lder

s, su

ch as

wo

men

, you

th, a

nd

peop

le w

ith di

sabi

lities

to

CCDR

M po

licies

, pl

ans a

nd pr

ojec

ts.


Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Disa

ster R

isk Fi

nanc

ing M

atrix

- Kiri

bati

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial I

nclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a, Ne

w Ze

aland

, Wor

ld

Bank

/GEF

, ROC

/Taiw

an, J

apan

, EU

, ADB

.

•To

tal C

CDRM

amou

nt ac

cess

ed by

Ki

ribat

i bet

ween

2011

and 2

018 i

s US

D 83

.5 m

illio

n.

•Of

the t

otal

amou

nt ac

cess

ed,

26%

was

from

bilat

eral

sour

ces

and 7

6% fr

om m

ultil

ater

al.

•82

% of

the t

otal

CCDR

M fu

ndin

g ac

cess

ed by

Kiri

bati

was r

eflec

ted

in th

e nat

iona

l bud

get,

and 1

8%

was o

ff-bu

dget

.

•To

tal f

undi

ng by

cate

gory

: ad

apta

tion

(53%

), m

itiga

tion

(32%

), DR

R (9

%),

and D

RM (6

%).

•To

p six

bene

ficiar

y sec

tors

are

wate

r and

sani

tatio

n (4

0%),

ener

gy (1

9%),

trans

port

infra

struc

ture

(12%

), co

nser

vatio

n an

d bio

dive

rsity

(8%

), en

ablin

g en

viron

men

t (8%

) and

agric

ultu

re

and f

ood s

ecur

ity (5

%).

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•W

B/GE

F/LD

CF/A

ustra

lia –

USD

10

.8m

, Kiri

bati

Adap

tatio

n Ph

ase I

II

•W

B/GE

F – U

SD 2.

85m

, Kiri

bati

Grid

Conn

ecte

d Sol

ar PV

Proj

ect

•EU

– €3

.4m

Wat

er an

d San

itatio

n in

the O

uter

Islan

ds of

the

Repu

blic

of K

iriba

ti (P

hase

I) -

KIRI

WAT

SAN

I

•Ki

ribat

i Joi

nt

Impl

emen

tatio

n Pl

an fo

r Cl

imat

e Cha

nge a

nd D

isaste

r Ri

sk M

anag

emen

t (KJ

IP),

2014

–202

3 int

egra

tes C

C an

d DRM

.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge a

nd di

saste

r ris

ks ar

e bein

g add

ress

ed

in po

licies

and s

trate

gies

re

latin

g to p

opul

atio

n,

wate

r and

sani

tatio

n, h

ealth

an

d env

ironm

ent.

•Ki

ribat

i Dev

elopm

ent P

lan

(KDP

) 201

2–20

15 re

quire

d gr

eate

r main

strea

min

g of

CCDR

M an

d it i

s hop

ed th

at

this

will

be ad

dres

sed i

n th

e for

mul

atio

n of

Kiri

bati

Deve

lopm

ent P

lan 20

16–

2019

supp

orte

d by U

NDP.

•Ki

ribat

i has

laun

ched

a fir

st ev

er N

atio

nal C

limat

e Ch

ange

Polic

y in

mid

-201

8,

whi

ch ex

ists a

s a h

ighe

r lev

el str

ateg

ic po

licy

docu

men

t tha

t sits

abov

e th

e KJIP

.

•Ki

ribat

i Inte

grat

ed

Vuln

erab

ility A

sses

smen

t (K

IVA)

and i

ts re

cent

ly de

velo

ped a

ssoc

iated

da

taba

se, h

owev

er, la

ck

capa

city t

o effe

ctive

ly an

alyse

data

.

•Ki

ribat

i Nat

iona

l Exp

ert

Grou

p on

CCDR

M (K

NEG)

is

the m

ain ad

visor

y bo

dy an

d coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

as w

ell as

the

entry

poin

t for

CCDR

M

initi

ative

s.

•Th

e KJIP

Secre

taria

t un

der t

he O

ffice

of te

Be

retit

enti

(Pre

siden

t) w

ill

facil

itate

the c

oord

inat

ion,

im

plem

enta

tion

and

mon

itorin

g of t

he K

JIP

thro

ugh

the K

NEG,

guid

ed

by th

e Dev

elopm

ent

Coor

dina

tion

Com

mitt

ee.

•KN

EG is

chair

ed by

the

Office

of te

Ber

etite

nti a

nd

cons

ists o

f rep

rese

ntat

ives

from

Min

istry

of

Finan

ce an

d Eco

nom

ic De

velo

pmen

t (M

FED)

, M

inist

ry of

Fore

ign

Affair

s an

d Im

mig

ratio

n (M

FAI),

M

inist

ry of

Inte

rnal

Affair

s (M

IA) a

nd al

l line

m

inist

ries,

the p

rivat

e se

ctor

, NGO

s and

faith

-ba

sed o

rgan

isatio

ns.

•In

2016

, Cab

inet

appr

oved

th

e esta

blish

men

t of t

he

Clim

ate F

inan

ce D

ivisio

n (C

FD) w

ithin

MFE

D to

su

ppor

t the

coun

try to

en

gage

and a

cces

s clim

ate

chan

ge fi

nanc

e.

Expe

nditu

re

•Go

vern

men

t of K

iriba

ti sp

ends

8%

of it

s rec

urre

nt bu

dget

on CC

RDM

re

lated

activ

ities

and 9

2% on

non

-CC

DRM

activ

ities

. Thi

s is c

onsis

tent

w

ith th

e upp

er ra

nge o

f the

tren

d ob

serv

ed in

othe

r PIC

s.

•21

% of

the d

evelo

pmen

t bud

get

over

2014

to 20

18 w

as ex

pend

ed on

CC

DRM

-relat

ed ac

tiviti

es.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•PF

M sy

stem

s in

Kirib

ati a

re

func

tioni

ng w

ithin

a ca

pacit

y co

nstra

int s

ituat

ion

mak

ing t

he

impl

emen

tatio

n of

PFM

refo

rms

rath

er ch

allen

ging

due t

o lim

ited

hum

an an

d fina

ncial

reso

urce

s an

d the

inab

ility t

o acc

ess t

he

skill

s req

uire

d for

spec

ialise

d PFM

fu

nctio

ns fr

om th

e loc

al lab

our

mar

ket.

•Go

K ha

s act

ively

enga

ged p

artn

ers

to pr

ogre

ss se

vera

l PFM

refo

rms

over

the p

ast f

ew ye

ars.

•Th

e exis

ting b

udge

t clas

sifica

tion

is no

t com

patib

le w

ith th

e in

tern

atio

nal c

lassifi

catio

n sy

stem

kn

own

as G

over

nmen

t Fin

ancia

l St

atist

ics (G

FS) o

r with

the w

idely

ac

cept

ed Cl

assifi

catio

n of

Func

tion

of G

over

nmen

t (CO

FOG)

.

•Ga

ps re

gard

ing p

redi

ctab

ility a

nd

cont

rol o

f res

ource

flow

s.

•No

M&E

fram

ewor

k and

no f

orm

al di

scus

sion

on de

velo

ping

one.

•Ki

ribat

i doe

s not

hav

e a sp

ecifi

c m

echa

nism

to de

al w

ith di

saste

r re

spon

se in

a tim

ely m

anne

r.

•La

ck of

dedi

cate

d tec

hnica

l hu

man

capa

city t

o acc

ess

clim

ate fi

nanc

e and

im

plem

ent C

CDRM

activ

ities

.

•Du

e to l

imite

d cap

acity

at

the s

ubna

tiona

l leve

l, it i

s ve

ry di

fficu

lt to

effec

tively

re

spon

d to c

omm

unity

re

ques

ts fo

r sup

port

in a

timely

man

ner c

ompo

unde

d w

ith th

e rem

oten

ess o

f ato

ll isl

ands

in K

iriba

ti.

•Ne

ed fo

r stre

ngth

enin

g ca

pacit

y to a

cces

s fina

nce,

mon

itor e

xpen

ditu

res

and m

ainta

in st

rong

pa

rtner

ship

s.

•St

reng

then

the c

apac

ity of

th

e Kiri

bati

Met

eoro

logi

cal

Serv

ice (K

MS)

to co

llect

an

d man

age d

ata a

nd

info

rmat

ion

on w

eath

er an

d cli

mat

e var

iabilit

y.

•Im

plem

ent e

duca

tion

prog

ram

me o

n CC

DRM

iss

ues a

cross

gove

rnm

ent.

•As

sess

the i

mpl

emen

tatio

n ca

pacit

y of k

ey

impl

emen

ting m

inist

ries o

f CC

DRM

-relat

ed pr

ogra

mm

es

and a

ctivi

ties.

•De

velo

p cap

aciti

es an

d un

derst

andi

ng of

CCDR

M

issue

s in

line m

inist

ries f

or

inte

grat

ion

of CC

DRM

issu

es

into

nat

iona

l plan

s.

•Na

tiona

l com

mitm

ent t

o CC i

s evid

ent

beca

use o

f cab

inet

’s end

orse

men

t of

a Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Ad

apta

tion

Fram

ewor

k and

the

esta

blish

men

t of t

he K

JIP fo

r CCD

RM.

•6-

mon

th re

porti

ng sy

stem

to

Natio

nal E

cono

mic

Plan

ning

Offi

ce

whi

ch th

en pr

esen

ts th

ese r

epor

ts to

Dev

elopm

ent C

oord

inat

ing

Com

mitt

ee (D

CC) t

hat w

ill th

en m

ake

reco

mm

enda

tions

to Ca

bine

t for

ap

prov

al.

•No

form

al do

nor-t

o-do

nor

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sm.

•A

signi

fican

t am

ount

of th

e de

velo

pmen

t bud

get s

uppo

rt to

Ki

ribat

i is n

ot us

ing K

iriba

ti’s n

atio

nal

syste

ms,

but t

he re

spec

tive d

onor

’s ow

n sy

stem

s.

•Do

nor p

ract

ices n

eed t

o be

stren

gthe

ned.

•Ne

ed fo

r fina

lisat

ion

of A

id Po

licy

inclu

ding

polic

y on

miss

ion

sche

dulin

g.

•St

reng

then

capa

city o

f NEP

O to

un

derta

ke ai

d man

agem

ent.

•Go

vern

men

t to s

treng

then

en

gage

men

t with

its d

evelo

pmen

t pa

rtner

s.

•Se

ek do

nor s

uppo

rt fo

r cen

tralis

ed

M&E

syste

m an

d tec

hnica

l cap

acity

.

•Do

nors

to co

nsid

er es

tabl

ishin

g a d

onor

-to-d

onor

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sm fo

r res

ilient

deve

lopm

ent/

clim

ate a

nd di

saste

r risk

fina

ncin

g.

•Na

tiona

l dev

elopm

ent p

lans

and s

ecto

r pol

icies

in K

iriba

ti re

cogn

ise ge

nder

and s

ocial

in

clusio

n an

d pro

vide a

clea

r m

anda

te fo

r main

strea

min

g GS

I issu

es th

roug

hout

na

tiona

l pro

gram

mes

.

•Ho

weve

r, the

re is

wea

k fo

cus o

n m

ainstr

eam

ing

gend

er in

non

-trad

ition

al ar

eas o

utsid

e the

core

socia

l po

licy a

reas

, suc

h as

CCDR

M.

•St

rate

gy 12

in th

e KJIP

em

phas

ises e

nhan

cing t

he

parti

cipat

ion

and r

esilie

nce

of vu

lner

able

grou

ps.

•Th

e KDP

has

been

foun

ded

on tw

o gui

ding

prin

ciples

, na

mely

: soc

io pr

otec

tion/

gend

er eq

uity

and r

esul

ts-

base

d man

agem

ent.

•La

ck of

gend

er

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a at t

he

com

mun

ity an

d hou

seho

ld

level.

•La

ck of

fina

ncial

supp

ort f

or

GSI e

ntiti

es.

•St

reng

then

min

istry

ca

pacit

ies to

effec

tively

im

plem

ent G

SI po

licies

in

KJIP

and K

DP.

•St

reng

then

capa

city f

or

data

colle

ctio

n an

d GSI

data

an

alysis

.

•A

who

le-o

f-gov

ernm

ent

appr

oach

to ge

nder

m

ainstr

eam

ing i

s req

uire

d.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Re

publ

ic o

f the

Mar

shal

l Isl

ands

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial

Inclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Ja

pan

(Bila

tera

l and

PEC)

, EU,

GE

F, US

, Aus

tralia

, Taiw

an /R

OC,

Germ

any,

REDD

, DFID

•40

CC-re

lated

proj

ects

(200

8–20

13) t

otall

ing a

roun

d US

D 34

.1m

afte

r weig

htin

g for

cli

mat

e rele

vanc

e.

•To

tal f

undi

ng by

cate

gory

: Ad

apta

tion

58%

, miti

gatio

n 39

%

and o

ther

(ena

blin

g) 3%

.

•M

ajorit

y of p

rojec

ts fo

cus o

n ad

apta

tion.

•En

ergy

, Wat

er an

d San

itatio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt Se

ctor

s rec

eived

the

mos

t fun

ding

.

•82

% of

CC-re

levan

t fun

ding

was

fro

m bi

later

al an

d 18%

from

m

ultil

ater

al so

urce

s. Co

ncer

n th

at

RMI is

not

acce

ssin

g mul

tilat

eral

fund

s.

•On

ly 39

% of

spen

ding

refle

cted

in

nat

iona

l bud

get.

61%

are

off-b

udge

t.

•No

com

preh

ensiv

e list

or da

taba

se

of de

velo

pmen

t and

CCDR

M

Proj

ects.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•PE

C Fun

d (Ja

pan)

– U

SD 3.

1m

Porta

ble W

ater

Solu

tions

for O

uter

Isl

ands

•GE

F/UN

DP -

USD

2.6m

Act

ion

for t

he D

evelo

pmen

t of M

arsh

all

islan

ds R

enew

able

Ener

gy

(ADM

IRE)

.

•US

Com

pact

II

•GC

F - Pa

cific R

esilie

nce P

rojec

t Ph

ase I

I for

the R

epub

lic of

the

Mar

shall

Islan

ds –

USD

44.1

m.

NSP

2014

and V

ision

201

8

2014

and V

ision

2018

:

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge I

dent

ified

as ke

y th

reat

to so

cial, e

cono

mic

and

cultu

ral d

evelo

pmen

t.

•NS

P pro

vides

a so

und f

ram

ewor

k for

im

plem

entin

g key

resp

onse

s and

cli

mat

e fina

nce d

eplo

ymen

t.

•Til

e Til E

o 205

0 Clim

ate S

trate

gy.

JNAP

•Us

eful

over

arch

ing f

ram

ewor

k for

CC

DR; h

owev

er, n

o clea

r act

ion

plan

an

d im

plem

enta

tion

timet

able.

•Do

es n

ot m

ake r

efer

ence

to a

rang

e of

polic

ies an

d plan

s.

•Co

ncep

t of C

CA fr

amed

nar

row

ly an

d co

nstra

ins i

ts ab

ility t

o con

tribu

te to

br

oade

r dev

elopm

ent a

nd re

silien

ce-

relat

ed ob

jectiv

es.

•Br

oad g

ende

r gap

•Lim

ited s

take

hold

er en

gage

men

t an

d con

sulta

tion

durin

g dra

fting

pr

oces

s.

Sect

or P

olici

es

•M

ost i

dent

ify a

wid

e ran

ge of

sour

ces

of vu

lner

abilit

y and

spec

ific r

isks

pose

d by c

limat

e cha

nge.

•M

ainstr

eam

CC in

to se

ctor

plan

s/po

licies

and b

udge

ts –

Office

of

Envir

onm

enta

l, Plan

ning

and P

olicy

Co

ordi

natio

n (O

EPPC

) and

Econ

omic

Polic

y, Pl

anni

ng an

d Sta

tistic

s Offi

ce

(EPP

SO).

•Im

plem

enta

tion

plan

s nee

ded

for N

SP, J

oint

Nat

iona

l Act

ion

Plan

(JNA

P) an

d clim

ate-

relat

ed

sect

ors o

utlin

ing h

ow to

achi

eve

broa

d pol

icy go

als an

d prio

rities

for

fund

ing.

•OE

PPC a

nd N

atio

nal C

limat

e Ch

ange

Com

mitt

ee an

d Offi

ce of

Ch

ief Se

creta

ry (O

CS) s

uppo

sed

to fu

nctio

n as

key b

odies

for

coor

dina

tion.

•Eff

ectiv

enes

s of I

nstit

utio

nal

Arra

ngem

ent:

o Lim

ited c

limat

e cha

nge

Info

rmat

ion

and k

now

ledge

m

anag

emen

t.

o M

ajor c

oord

inat

ing

mec

hani

sms o

f Nat

iona

l Cl

imat

e Cha

nge C

omm

ittee

(N

CCC)

and O

EPPC

bese

t by

prob

lems a

risin

g fro

m la

ck of

re

sour

ces a

nd ca

pacit

y.

o Lim

ited p

rojec

t coo

rdin

atio

n an

d ove

rsigh

t fro

m ke

y in

stitu

tions

.

o Ex

istin

g pro

cess

es do

not

fa

cilita

te go

od co

nsul

tatio

n or

deve

lopm

ent o

f well

-in

tegr

ated

appr

oach

es.

o M

ulti-

insti

tutio

nal a

ppro

ach

to ac

cess

ing e

xter

nal

reso

urce

s.

o Gr

eate

r clar

ity n

eede

d on

spec

ific C

CDRM

and M

&E

roles

of ag

encie

s inv

olve

d in

plan

ning

, coo

rdin

atin

g and

im

plem

entin

g gov

ernm

ent’s

CC

DRM

resp

onse

.

Expe

nditu

re

•To

tal C

CDRM

-weig

hted

spen

ding

=

USD

34.1

m (2

008–

2013

).

•Th

is eq

uate

s to a

bout

40%

of

tota

l dev

elopm

ent a

ssist

ance

for

CCDR

M.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Ad

here

nce t

o bud

get d

iscip

line a

t ag

greg

ate l

evel.

•Tra

nspa

renc

y of

inte

rgov

ernm

enta

l fisc

al re

latio

ns.

•Or

derli

ness

and p

artic

ipat

ion

in

annu

al bu

dget

proc

ess.

•Pr

edict

able

amou

nts o

f dire

ct

budg

et su

ppor

t pro

vided

by

dono

rs.

•In

cons

isten

cies b

etwe

en pl

anne

d bu

dget

and a

ctua

l exp

endi

ture

.

•La

ck of

com

preh

ensiv

enes

s and

tra

nspa

renc

y of b

udge

t.

•W

eak l

inks

betw

een

sect

or pl

ans

and b

udge

ts.

•Be

tter p

olicy

and b

udge

t lin

kage

s ne

eded

with

new

NSP

linkin

g to

CCDR

M.

•Im

plem

ent P

FM R

oadm

ap

espe

cially

:

o im

prov

e pro

cure

men

t

o str

engt

hen

links

betw

een

budg

et an

d plan

ning

o in

trodu

ce m

ediu

m-te

rm

persp

ectiv

e

•Pr

epar

e Com

pact

Dec

rem

ent p

lan

cons

ider

ing C

CDRM

issu

es.

•M

inist

ry of

Educ

atio

n id

entif

y CC

DRM

foca

l poi

nt.

•De

velo

p met

hodo

logy

and

data

base

to ta

g, st

ore a

nd m

onito

r CC

DRM

expe

nditu

res.

•Lim

ited t

echn

ical c

apac

ity

and s

taff

num

bers

in lo

cal

work

force

to de

al w

ith CC

DRM

iss

ues i

n all

min

istrie

s.

•OE

PPC l

acks

long

-term

ce

rtain

ty w

ith lim

ited

perm

anen

t sta

ff;

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers t

o co

nsid

er fu

ndin

g lon

g-te

rm

perm

anen

t pos

ition

s in

OEPP

C.

•La

rge n

umbe

r of e

xpat

riate

sta

ff ha

ndlin

g CCD

RM

proj

ects

and i

ssue

s. In

clude

kn

owled

ge tr

ansfe

r to l

ocals

in

all t

erm

s of r

efer

ence

for

exte

rnal

tech

nica

l ass

istan

ce.

•Co

nsid

er m

odali

ties f

or

build

ing c

apac

ity, in

clude

se

cond

men

t sch

emes

, sh

ort-

and l

ong-

term

train

ing

activ

ities

, sta

ff re

tent

ion

mea

sure

s, an

d ong

oing

ca

pacit

y-bu

ildin

g thr

ough

re

siden

t exp

atria

te st

aff.

•Ca

pacit

y foc

us on

pr

ojec

t pre

para

tion

and

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•De

velo

p lon

g-te

rm pl

an to

bu

ild CC

DRM

capa

city a

cross

ke

y gov

ernm

ent m

inist

ries.

•Re

gion

al Te

chni

cal S

uppo

rt M

echa

nism

(RTS

M) a

nd

Pacifi

c Tec

hnica

l Ass

istan

ce

Mec

hani

sm (P

ACTA

M) t

o fill

shor

t-ter

m ca

pacit

y gap

s for

CC

DRM

.

•Go

vern

men

t to c

onsid

er

prog

ram

min

g res

ource

s fro

m

Com

pact

for c

apac

ity bu

ildin

g su

ppor

t in

CCDR

M.

•De

mon

strat

ed re

gion

al an

d in

tern

atio

nal le

ader

ship

on

CCDR

M.

•Do

nor a

lignm

ent w

ith N

SP.

•Di

fficu

lties

in m

eetin

g do

nor r

equi

rem

ents.

•W

eak d

onor

–don

or

colla

bora

tion

and

coor

dina

tion

in-c

ount

ry.

•Be

st us

e of G

rant

Writ

ing

Office

(GW

O).

•De

velo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce

not w

ell co

ordi

nate

d,

fragm

ente

d and

at ti

mes

du

plica

tive.

•Im

plem

ent p

eer r

eview

re

com

men

datio

ns.

•Ro

und-

tabl

e mee

ting

(RTM

) on

NSP t

o help

alig

n de

velo

pmen

t par

tner

and

RMI p

riorit

ies –

inclu

ding

CC

DRM

.

•St

reng

then

in-c

ount

ry

coor

dina

tion

of do

nors

repr

esen

ted.

•St

reng

then

GW

O to

he

lp tr

ainin

g in

proj

ect

prep

arat

ion.

•Ne

ed to

main

strea

m

clim

ate c

hang

e co

nsid

erat

ions

into

de

velo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce

activ

ities

.

•Do

nor s

uppo

rt ne

eds t

o be

harm

onise

d with

coun

try

prio

rities

.

•Pr

ogre

ss in

gend

er

equa

lity h

as be

en

evid

ent i

n so

me s

pher

es

altho

ugh

limite

d

•No

te th

e stro

ng ro

le of

wo

men

’s NGO

WUT

MI,

whi

ch h

as ch

apte

rs in

all

atol

ls an

d par

tner

s in

clim

ate c

hang

e pro

jects

•GS

I inte

grat

ed in

to Ti

le Til

Eo 20

50 Cl

imat

e St

rate

gy.

•Ne

ed fo

r mor

e pol

itica

l w

ill fo

r main

strea

min

g of

GSI.

•Ne

ed fo

r gen

der

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a.

•Re

sour

cing f

or en

tities

re

spon

sible

for g

ende

r iss

ues.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy F

ram

ewor

k cov

ers

goals

and o

utco

mes

on

gend

er.

•EP

PSO

to ex

pand

sp

ecifi

c gen

der

indi

cato

rs.

•De

velo

p too

l for

m

ainstr

eam

ing g

ende

r.

•Ge

nder

foca

l poi

nts i

n m

inist

ries r

equi

red.

•Co

nsid

er ca

lls fo

r the

de

velo

pmen

t of g

ende

r-se

nsiti

ve st

rate

gies

fo

r clim

ate c

hang

e re

spon

ses.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Re

publ

ic o

f the

Mar

shal

l Isl

ands

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial

Inclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Ja

pan

(Bila

tera

l and

PEC)

, EU,

GE

F, US

, Aus

tralia

, Taiw

an /R

OC,

Germ

any,

REDD

, DFID

•40

CC-re

lated

proj

ects

(200

8–20

13) t

otall

ing a

roun

d US

D 34

.1m

afte

r weig

htin

g for

cli

mat

e rele

vanc

e.

•To

tal f

undi

ng by

cate

gory

: Ad

apta

tion

58%

, miti

gatio

n 39

%

and o

ther

(ena

blin

g) 3%

.

•M

ajorit

y of p

rojec

ts fo

cus o

n ad

apta

tion.

•En

ergy

, Wat

er an

d San

itatio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt Se

ctor

s rec

eived

the

mos

t fun

ding

.

•82

% of

CC-re

levan

t fun

ding

was

fro

m bi

later

al an

d 18%

from

m

ultil

ater

al so

urce

s. Co

ncer

n th

at

RMI is

not

acce

ssin

g mul

tilat

eral

fund

s.

•On

ly 39

% of

spen

ding

refle

cted

in

nat

iona

l bud

get.

61%

are

off-b

udge

t.

•No

com

preh

ensiv

e list

or da

taba

se

of de

velo

pmen

t and

CCDR

M

Proj

ects.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•PE

C Fun

d (Ja

pan)

– U

SD 3.

1m

Porta

ble W

ater

Solu

tions

for O

uter

Isl

ands

•GE

F/UN

DP -

USD

2.6m

Act

ion

for t

he D

evelo

pmen

t of M

arsh

all

islan

ds R

enew

able

Ener

gy

(ADM

IRE)

.

•US

Com

pact

II

•GC

F - Pa

cific R

esilie

nce P

rojec

t Ph

ase I

I for

the R

epub

lic of

the

Mar

shall

Islan

ds –

USD

44.1

m.

NSP

2014

and V

ision

201

8

2014

and V

ision

2018

:

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge I

dent

ified

as ke

y th

reat

to so

cial, e

cono

mic

and

cultu

ral d

evelo

pmen

t.

•NS

P pro

vides

a so

und f

ram

ewor

k for

im

plem

entin

g key

resp

onse

s and

cli

mat

e fina

nce d

eplo

ymen

t.

•Til

e Til E

o 205

0 Clim

ate S

trate

gy.

JNAP

•Us

eful

over

arch

ing f

ram

ewor

k for

CC

DR; h

owev

er, n

o clea

r act

ion

plan

an

d im

plem

enta

tion

timet

able.

•Do

es n

ot m

ake r

efer

ence

to a

rang

e of

polic

ies an

d plan

s.

•Co

ncep

t of C

CA fr

amed

nar

row

ly an

d co

nstra

ins i

ts ab

ility t

o con

tribu

te to

br

oade

r dev

elopm

ent a

nd re

silien

ce-

relat

ed ob

jectiv

es.

•Br

oad g

ende

r gap

•Lim

ited s

take

hold

er en

gage

men

t an

d con

sulta

tion

durin

g dra

fting

pr

oces

s.

Sect

or P

olici

es

•M

ost i

dent

ify a

wid

e ran

ge of

sour

ces

of vu

lner

abilit

y and

spec

ific r

isks

pose

d by c

limat

e cha

nge.

•M

ainstr

eam

CC in

to se

ctor

plan

s/po

licies

and b

udge

ts –

Office

of

Envir

onm

enta

l, Plan

ning

and P

olicy

Co

ordi

natio

n (O

EPPC

) and

Econ

omic

Polic

y, Pl

anni

ng an

d Sta

tistic

s Offi

ce

(EPP

SO).

•Im

plem

enta

tion

plan

s nee

ded

for N

SP, J

oint

Nat

iona

l Act

ion

Plan

(JNA

P) an

d clim

ate-

relat

ed

sect

ors o

utlin

ing h

ow to

achi

eve

broa

d pol

icy go

als an

d prio

rities

for

fund

ing.

•OE

PPC a

nd N

atio

nal C

limat

e Ch

ange

Com

mitt

ee an

d Offi

ce of

Ch

ief Se

creta

ry (O

CS) s

uppo

sed

to fu

nctio

n as

key b

odies

for

coor

dina

tion.

•Eff

ectiv

enes

s of I

nstit

utio

nal

Arra

ngem

ent:

o Lim

ited c

limat

e cha

nge

Info

rmat

ion

and k

now

ledge

m

anag

emen

t.

o M

ajor c

oord

inat

ing

mec

hani

sms o

f Nat

iona

l Cl

imat

e Cha

nge C

omm

ittee

(N

CCC)

and O

EPPC

bese

t by

prob

lems a

risin

g fro

m la

ck of

re

sour

ces a

nd ca

pacit

y.

o Lim

ited p

rojec

t coo

rdin

atio

n an

d ove

rsigh

t fro

m ke

y in

stitu

tions

.

o Ex

istin

g pro

cess

es do

not

fa

cilita

te go

od co

nsul

tatio

n or

deve

lopm

ent o

f well

-in

tegr

ated

appr

oach

es.

o M

ulti-

insti

tutio

nal a

ppro

ach

to ac

cess

ing e

xter

nal

reso

urce

s.

o Gr

eate

r clar

ity n

eede

d on

spec

ific C

CDRM

and M

&E

roles

of ag

encie

s inv

olve

d in

plan

ning

, coo

rdin

atin

g and

im

plem

entin

g gov

ernm

ent’s

CC

DRM

resp

onse

.

Expe

nditu

re

•To

tal C

CDRM

-weig

hted

spen

ding

=

USD

34.1

m (2

008–

2013

).

•Th

is eq

uate

s to a

bout

40%

of

tota

l dev

elopm

ent a

ssist

ance

for

CCDR

M.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Ad

here

nce t

o bud

get d

iscip

line a

t ag

greg

ate l

evel.

•Tra

nspa

renc

y of

inte

rgov

ernm

enta

l fisc

al re

latio

ns.

•Or

derli

ness

and p

artic

ipat

ion

in

annu

al bu

dget

proc

ess.

•Pr

edict

able

amou

nts o

f dire

ct

budg

et su

ppor

t pro

vided

by

dono

rs.

•In

cons

isten

cies b

etwe

en pl

anne

d bu

dget

and a

ctua

l exp

endi

ture

.

•La

ck of

com

preh

ensiv

enes

s and

tra

nspa

renc

y of b

udge

t.

•W

eak l

inks

betw

een

sect

or pl

ans

and b

udge

ts.

•Be

tter p

olicy

and b

udge

t lin

kage

s ne

eded

with

new

NSP

linkin

g to

CCDR

M.

•Im

plem

ent P

FM R

oadm

ap

espe

cially

:

o im

prov

e pro

cure

men

t

o str

engt

hen

links

betw

een

budg

et an

d plan

ning

o in

trodu

ce m

ediu

m-te

rm

persp

ectiv

e

•Pr

epar

e Com

pact

Dec

rem

ent p

lan

cons

ider

ing C

CDRM

issu

es.

•M

inist

ry of

Educ

atio

n id

entif

y CC

DRM

foca

l poi

nt.

•De

velo

p met

hodo

logy

and

data

base

to ta

g, st

ore a

nd m

onito

r CC

DRM

expe

nditu

res.

•Lim

ited t

echn

ical c

apac

ity

and s

taff

num

bers

in lo

cal

work

force

to de

al w

ith CC

DRM

iss

ues i

n all

min

istrie

s.

•OE

PPC l

acks

long

-term

ce

rtain

ty w

ith lim

ited

perm

anen

t sta

ff;

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers t

o co

nsid

er fu

ndin

g lon

g-te

rm

perm

anen

t pos

ition

s in

OEPP

C.

•La

rge n

umbe

r of e

xpat

riate

sta

ff ha

ndlin

g CCD

RM

proj

ects

and i

ssue

s. In

clude

kn

owled

ge tr

ansfe

r to l

ocals

in

all t

erm

s of r

efer

ence

for

exte

rnal

tech

nica

l ass

istan

ce.

•Co

nsid

er m

odali

ties f

or

build

ing c

apac

ity, in

clude

se

cond

men

t sch

emes

, sh

ort-

and l

ong-

term

train

ing

activ

ities

, sta

ff re

tent

ion

mea

sure

s, an

d ong

oing

ca

pacit

y-bu

ildin

g thr

ough

re

siden

t exp

atria

te st

aff.

•Ca

pacit

y foc

us on

pr

ojec

t pre

para

tion

and

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•De

velo

p lon

g-te

rm pl

an to

bu

ild CC

DRM

capa

city a

cross

ke

y gov

ernm

ent m

inist

ries.

•Re

gion

al Te

chni

cal S

uppo

rt M

echa

nism

(RTS

M) a

nd

Pacifi

c Tec

hnica

l Ass

istan

ce

Mec

hani

sm (P

ACTA

M) t

o fill

shor

t-ter

m ca

pacit

y gap

s for

CC

DRM

.

•Go

vern

men

t to c

onsid

er

prog

ram

min

g res

ource

s fro

m

Com

pact

for c

apac

ity bu

ildin

g su

ppor

t in

CCDR

M.

•De

mon

strat

ed re

gion

al an

d in

tern

atio

nal le

ader

ship

on

CCDR

M.

•Do

nor a

lignm

ent w

ith N

SP.

•Di

fficu

lties

in m

eetin

g do

nor r

equi

rem

ents.

•W

eak d

onor

–don

or

colla

bora

tion

and

coor

dina

tion

in-c

ount

ry.

•Be

st us

e of G

rant

Writ

ing

Office

(GW

O).

•De

velo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce

not w

ell co

ordi

nate

d,

fragm

ente

d and

at ti

mes

du

plica

tive.

•Im

plem

ent p

eer r

eview

re

com

men

datio

ns.

•Ro

und-

tabl

e mee

ting

(RTM

) on

NSP t

o help

alig

n de

velo

pmen

t par

tner

and

RMI p

riorit

ies –

inclu

ding

CC

DRM

.

•St

reng

then

in-c

ount

ry

coor

dina

tion

of do

nors

repr

esen

ted.

•St

reng

then

GW

O to

he

lp tr

ainin

g in

proj

ect

prep

arat

ion.

•Ne

ed to

main

strea

m

clim

ate c

hang

e co

nsid

erat

ions

into

de

velo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce

activ

ities

.

•Do

nor s

uppo

rt ne

eds t

o be

harm

onise

d with

coun

try

prio

rities

.

•Pr

ogre

ss in

gend

er

equa

lity h

as be

en

evid

ent i

n so

me s

pher

es

altho

ugh

limite

d

•No

te th

e stro

ng ro

le of

wo

men

’s NGO

WUT

MI,

whi

ch h

as ch

apte

rs in

all

atol

ls an

d par

tner

s in

clim

ate c

hang

e pro

jects

•GS

I inte

grat

ed in

to Ti

le Til

Eo 20

50 Cl

imat

e St

rate

gy.

•Ne

ed fo

r mor

e pol

itica

l w

ill fo

r main

strea

min

g of

GSI.

•Ne

ed fo

r gen

der

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a.

•Re

sour

cing f

or en

tities

re

spon

sible

for g

ende

r iss

ues.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy F

ram

ewor

k cov

ers

goals

and o

utco

mes

on

gend

er.

•EP

PSO

to ex

pand

sp

ecifi

c gen

der

indi

cato

rs.

•De

velo

p too

l for

m

ainstr

eam

ing g

ende

r.

•Ge

nder

foca

l poi

nts i

n m

inist

ries r

equi

red.

•Co

nsid

er ca

lls fo

r the

de

velo

pmen

t of g

ende

r-se

nsiti

ve st

rate

gies

fo

r clim

ate c

hang

e re

spon

ses.

Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- N

auru

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

ns

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l In

clusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•EU

(39%

), GE

F/UN

Age

ncies

(22%

), Ja

pan

(20%

), Au

strali

a (11

%),

Taiw

an (4

%).

•86

% of

tota

l clim

ate c

hang

e ex

pend

iture

from

2005

–201

3 was

pr

ovid

ed by

bilat

eral

sour

ces a

nd

14%

thro

ugh

mul

tilat

eral

sour

ces.

•CC

DRM

-weig

hted

expe

nditu

re

by ca

tego

ry: b

alanc

ed be

twee

n ad

apta

tion

(48%

) and

miti

gatio

n (4

8%).

•CC

DRM

-weig

hted

expe

nditu

re fo

r 20

05–2

013 f

ocus

sed o

n en

ergy

(4

3%),

wate

r (34

%),

mul

ti-se

ctor

al fo

cus (

13%

), co

asta

l pro

tect

ion

(3%

), ag

ricul

ture

and f

ood s

ecur

ity

(3%

), an

d DRM

(4%

).

•Di

fficu

lt to

quan

tify d

omes

tic an

d ex

tern

al CC

DRM

fina

ncin

g and

di

sting

uish

from

ongo

ing O

DA.

•Au

gmen

t glo

bal f

undi

ng so

urce

s to

enab

le be

tter a

cces

s to C

CDRM

.

•M

ainta

in an

d stre

ngth

en

relat

ions

hips

with

key b

ilate

ral

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

ers f

or CC

DRM

.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•EU

–€3

.1m

Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

&

Ener

gy Effi

cienc

y Pro

gram

me

•Ja

pan

(PEC

Fund

) – U

SD 4.

0m

solar

powe

r gen

erat

ion

syste

m an

d se

awat

er de

salin

atio

n pl

ant

•GE

F/UN

DP/S

PREP

– U

SD 1.

25m

Pa

cific A

dapt

atio

n to

Clim

ate

Chan

ge (P

ACC)

Proj

ect

•Ha

s sho

wn

grea

t lea

dersh

ip at

in

tern

atio

nal a

nd re

gion

al lev

els.

Naur

u was

chair

of th

e Alli

ance

of

Small

Islan

d Sta

tes (

AOSIS

) fro

m 20

12

to 20

14.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge c

onsid

ered

in 20

09

revis

ion

of N

atio

nal S

usta

inab

le De

velo

pmen

t Stra

tegy

(NSD

S)

2005

–202

5, h

owev

er, n

ot fu

lly

inte

grat

ed in

to th

e doc

umen

t, he

nce

not c

ompr

ehen

sively

cons

ider

ed in

de

cisio

n-m

akin

g pro

cess

es.

•Re

publ

ic of

Nau

ru Fr

amew

ork f

or

Clim

ate C

hang

e Ada

ptat

ion

and

Disa

ster R

isk R

educ

tion

(RON

Adap

t) de

velo

ped t

hrou

gh a

colla

bora

tive

effor

t am

ong v

ario

us re

gion

al or

gani

satio

ns an

d dev

elopm

ent

partn

ers i

nclu

ding

the S

ecre

taria

t of

the P

acifi

c Com

mun

ity (S

PC) a

nd th

e Eu

rope

an U

nion

.

•W

hile

som

e pro

gres

s in

inte

grat

ing

CCDR

M in

sect

or po

licies

, plan

s and

AO

Ps, t

his h

as n

ot be

en do

ne in

all

case

s.

•So

me s

ecto

ral s

trate

gies

, inclu

ding

se

vera

l rela

ted t

o CCD

RM, a

re aw

aitin

g ap

prov

al or

are u

nder

deve

lopm

ent.

•Im

prov

ed m

ainstr

eam

ing C

CDRM

in

to se

ctor

al po

licies

and p

lans a

nd

Annu

al Op

erat

ing P

lans (

AOPs

) and

the

Natio

nal B

udge

t req

uire

d.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge U

nit (

CCU)

en

gage

men

t with

seni

or m

anag

emen

t to

ensu

re ke

y pol

icies

and p

lans a

re

finali

sed a

nd ap

prov

ed in

a tim

ely

man

ner f

or im

plem

enta

tion.

•Up

date

clim

ate c

hang

e prio

rities

fo

r Nau

ru ov

er th

e sho

rt, m

ediu

m

and l

ong t

erm

to in

form

relev

ant

natio

nal p

olici

es, p

lans a

nd as

socia

ted

budg

etar

y pro

cess

es.

•M

ainstr

eam

CCDR

M in

to A

OPs.

•Th

ere i

s a h

eavy

relia

nce o

n ke

y pe

rsonn

el on

CCDR

M is

sues

.

•Im

prov

e the

syste

ms a

nd pr

oces

ses

to in

form

Cabi

net a

nd Pr

esid

ent o

n CC

DRM

issu

es.

•Ac

tion

on cl

imat

e coo

rdin

ated

by

the G

over

nmen

t of N

auru

(GoN

), w

ith do

nors,

regi

onal

orga

nisa

tions

an

d int

erna

tiona

l org

anisa

tions

also

pl

ayin

g key

roles

.

•Civ

il soc

iety a

nd th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r ha

ve so

me e

ngag

emen

t on

clim

ate

chan

ge is

sues

; how

ever,

their

in

volve

men

t is m

inim

al, re

flect

ing

their

limite

d cap

acity

to en

gage

in

deve

lopm

ent i

ssue

s mor

e bro

adly.

•Re

spon

sibilit

y for

the G

oN’s c

limat

e ch

ange

prog

ram

me i

s spr

ead a

cross

di

ffere

nt ag

encie

s.

•M

anag

emen

t of t

he G

oN’s

clim

ate c

hang

e pro

gram

me i

s he

avily

depe

nden

t on

Secre

tary

fo

r Com

mer

ce, In

dustr

y and

En

viron

men

t (SC

IE).

•Ne

ed to

clar

ify CC

DRM

roles

and

resp

onsib

ilities

.

•St

reng

then

links

betw

een

foca

l po

ints

and P

lanni

ng an

d Aid

Di

visio

n (P

AD).

•Es

tabl

ish of

Hig

h Le

vel C

limat

e Ch

ange

Stee

ring C

omm

ittee

(H

LCCS

C).

•In

stitu

tiona

l link

s bet

ween

the

Depa

rtmen

t of C

omm

erce

, Indu

stry

and E

nviro

nmen

t (DC

IE) an

d th

e Dep

artm

ent o

f Fin

ance

and

Susta

inab

le De

velo

pmen

t (DF

SD)

need

to be

stre

ngth

ened

.

•PA

D ne

eds t

o im

prov

e lin

ks to

CC

DRM

foca

l poi

nts.

Expe

nditu

re

•CC

DRM

-weig

hted

sp

endi

ng 20

05–2

013 w

as

AUD1

9.0m

.

•CC

-relat

ed ex

pend

iture

ac

coun

ted f

or an

es

timat

ed 16

% of

ODA

in

2012

–13 u

p fro

m 5%

in

2010

–11.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent

•Na

uru’s

PFM

syste

m

does

not

mee

t the

re

quire

men

ts of

a we

ll-fu

nctio

ning

, bas

ic PF

M

syste

m.

•NI

E sta

tus a

long

-term

iss

ue.

•PF

M sy

stem

s ref

orm

in

line w

ith N

auru

PFM

Ac

tion

Plan

.

•Di

fficu

lty in

acco

untin

g fo

r in-

kind s

uppo

rt.

•Im

plem

ent P

FM A

ctio

n Pl

an.

•In

creas

e use

of Tr

easu

ry

Fund

to de

liver

CCDR

M.

•De

velo

p sys

tem

s to t

rack

CC

DRM

expe

nditu

re on

on

goin

g bas

is.

•Lim

ited c

apac

ity in

DCI

E to

man

age t

he G

oN’s c

limat

e ch

ange

prog

ram

me.

•Su

ppor

t nee

ded f

or D

FSD

and P

AD gi

ven

its ke

y rol

e in

over

seein

g CC-

relat

ed

expe

nditu

re, d

evelo

pmen

t an

d mon

itorin

g of

natio

nal p

olici

es, a

nd

deve

lopm

ent p

artn

er

coor

dina

tion.

•La

ck of

capa

city a

nd

unde

rstan

ding

of CC

DRM

iss

ues a

cross

GoN

.

•Im

prov

e cap

acity

with

in

CCDR

M fo

cal p

oint

s in

cludi

ng th

e tec

hnica

l ca

pacit

y of t

he CC

U.

•DF

SD pr

iorit

y for

im

plem

enta

tion

of an

y cli

mat

e cha

nge-

relat

ed

capa

city b

uild

ing

activ

ities

, inclu

ding

tra

inin

g pro

gram

mes

.

•Sh

ort-t

erm

capa

city

supp

lemen

tatio

n to

as

sist t

he G

oN eff

ectiv

ely

com

plet

e spe

cific t

asks

.

•Lo

nger

term

supp

ort f

or

in-li

ne ad

viser

s.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge p

ortfo

lio w

ith

Pres

iden

t ens

ures

clim

ate

chan

ge is

sues

are h

andl

ed at

hi

ghes

t lev

el of

gove

rnm

ent.

•Pr

edict

abilit

y of a

id is

im

prov

ing.

•Ow

nersh

ip an

d lea

dersh

ip of

th

e NSD

S and

sect

oral

polic

ies

and p

lans a

re a

guid

e for

do

nors

for C

CDRM

activ

ities

bu

t the

re is

no d

etail

ed

mon

itorin

g of t

he N

SDS

unde

rtake

n on

a ro

utin

e bas

is.

•La

ck of

staff

and c

apac

ity in

PA

D lim

its th

e cap

acity

of th

e Go

N to

mov

e for

ward

with

its

deve

lopm

ent,

CCDR

M an

d aid

m

anag

emen

t age

nda.

•Th

e majo

rity o

f CC-

relat

ed

assis

tanc

e is d

elive

red t

hrou

gh

proj

ect s

uppo

rt.

•Im

plem

enta

tion

of A

id

Man

agem

ent A

ctio

n Pl

an an

d str

engt

hen

staff

and c

apac

ity

of PA

D.

•Co

nsid

er h

avin

g don

or ro

und

tabl

es.

•En

sure

dono

r-fun

ded

prog

ram

mes

are a

ligne

d with

na

tiona

l prio

rities

.

•W

omen

’s Affa

irs

Depa

rtmen

t (W

AD) f

aces

by

a lac

k of c

apac

ity an

d re

sour

ces t

o effe

ctive

ly im

plem

ent g

ende

r wor

k pl

ans.

•NS

DS 20

09–2

025

inte

grat

es CC

and g

ende

r co

nsid

erat

ions

.

•La

ck of

capa

city o

f Nau

ru

Stat

istics

Bur

eau (

NSB)

to

prod

uce t

imely

and

accu

rate

data

to m

onito

r GS

I issu

es.

•In

creas

e res

ource

s and

ca

pacit

y for

the W

omen

’s Aff

airs D

epar

tmen

t and

gr

eate

r inv

olve

men

t with

CC

DRM

issu

es.

•Co

nsid

er fu

ll par

ticip

atio

n an

d main

tena

nce o

f wo

men

and g

ende

r iss

ues

in al

l gov

ernm

ent p

lans,

polic

ies an

d pro

gram

mes

in

cludi

ng CC

DRM

issu

es.

•Bu

ild th

e cap

acity

of

NSB

to co

llect

and

publ

ish ag

e and

gend

er

and v

ulne

rabl

e gro

up

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- N

iue

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

ns

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Eff

ectiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•NZ

AP, J

apan

, (PE

C Fun

d), E

U,

Austr

alia (

DFAT

), GE

F, UN

DP

•Gl

obal

fund

s pro

cess

es

too l

abou

r int

ensiv

e and

co

mpl

icate

d give

n lim

ited

capa

city f

or de

velo

ping

and

impl

emen

ting p

rojec

ts.

•CR

OPs t

end t

o res

pond

m

ore q

uick

ly th

an ot

her

orga

nisa

tions

.

•DF

AT CC

assis

tanc

e im

plem

ente

d th

roug

h GE

F pro

ject w

ith

fund

s mob

ilised

quick

ly an

d str

eam

lined

thro

ugh

GEF,

so

no ad

ditio

nal a

dmin

istra

tive

requ

irem

ents.

•Ni

ue h

as su

bmitt

ed co

ncep

t no

tes t

o GCF

for c

onsid

erat

ion.

•Ni

ue h

as be

nefit

ed fr

om va

rious

re

gion

al pr

ojec

ts im

plem

ente

d th

roug

h re

gion

al or

gani

satio

ns.

Exam

ples

of M

ajor

Pro

ject

s

•Ja

pan

(PEC

Fund

) – U

SD

4.0m

Des

ign,

Man

ufac

ture

&

Insta

llatio

n of

Solar

Powe

r Grid

Co

nnec

ted G

ener

ator

s & B

atte

ry

Back

ed Po

wer S

tabi

lizer

•EU

– €2

.85m

Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

an

d Ene

rgy E

fficie

ncy f

or N

iue

•GE

F/UN

DP –

USD

12.4

m,

Appl

icatio

n of

Rid

ge-to

-Ree

f Co

ncep

t for

Bio

dive

rsity

Co

nser

vatio

n

•Th

e Niu

e Nat

iona

l Stra

tegi

c Plan

(N

NSP)

2016

–202

6 gui

ded t

he

deve

lopm

ent o

f Niu

e’s JN

AP

com

plet

ed in

2012

.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olicy

com

plet

ed.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge c

onsid

erat

ions

ne

eds t

o be m

ainstr

eam

ed.

•Pr

ojec

t im

plem

enta

tion

not w

ell

align

ed w

ith po

licies

and p

lans.

•Re

spon

sibilit

y for

over

sight

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

polic

ies an

d pl

ans i

s som

etim

es un

clear

(e.g

. NN

SP).

•Un

clear

alig

nmen

t of p

rojec

ts fu

nded

thro

ugh

the r

ecur

rent

(g

over

nmen

t) bu

dget

with

cli

mat

e cha

nge p

olici

es an

d pl

ans.

•Re

porti

ng re

quire

men

ts bu

rden

som

e (ta

kes s

taff

away

fro

m im

plem

enta

tion)

, with

di

ffere

nt re

porti

ng re

quire

men

ts fo

r diff

eren

t im

plem

entin

g ag

encie

s.

•No

M&E

of N

NSP.

•Fu

ll PCC

FAF A

sses

smen

t wou

ld

be us

eful

.

•Cl

arify

resp

onsib

ility f

or

over

seein

g im

plem

enta

tion

of

the n

atio

nal s

trate

gic p

lan:

•Ni

ue N

atio

nal S

trate

gic P

lan w

ith

work

able

M&E

Fram

ewor

k.

•De

partm

ent o

f Env

ironm

ent (

DoE)

is

resp

onsib

le fo

r im

plem

entin

g JN

AP, c

oord

inat

ing C

C-re

lated

ac

tiviti

es ac

ross

sect

ors a

nd fo

cal

poin

t of t

he G

EF.

•Na

tiona

l CC,

DRR

and J

NAP

com

mitt

ees t

o be m

erge

d.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Co

untry

Team

(NCC

CT),

toge

ther

w

ith te

chni

cal w

orkin

g gro

ups

esta

blish

ed un

der t

he N

iue

Depa

rtmen

t of M

eteo

rolo

gy

and C

limat

e Cha

nge (

NDM

CC)

resp

onsib

le fo

r im

plem

entin

g th

e NNS

P.

•Fin

ance

and T

reas

ury,

Niue

Powe

r, De

partm

ent o

f Agr

icultu

re,

Fore

stry a

nd Fi

sher

ies sh

ould

be

invo

lved i

n CC

,DRR

and J

NAP

com

mitt

ees.

•Th

e Bus

ines

s Cou

ncil o

f Niu

e (BC

N)

and E

xter

nal A

ffairs

shou

ld be

in

clude

d in

the C

C,DR

R an

d JNA

P co

mm

ittee

s.

•Es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f a cl

imat

e ch

ange

unit

to dr

ive JN

AP

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•Fo

rmali

se re

porti

ng lin

es be

twee

n Do

E and

civil

socie

ty (y

outh

, NGO

s, Co

mm

unity

Villa

ge Co

uncil

s, W

omen

’s Gro

up, p

rivat

e sec

tor,

etc.)

.

•Sim

plify

lines

of co

mm

unica

tion,

ro

les an

d res

pons

ibilit

ies be

twee

n CC

and D

RR st

akeh

olde

rs

•Im

prov

e arra

ngem

ents

for M

&E

of N

NSP.

•PE

FA as

sess

men

t co

mpl

eted

in A

ugus

t 20

11, o

ut of

whi

ch a

PFM

Ro

adm

ap (2

012-

2014

) was

pr

epar

ed.

•NI

E sta

tus i

s pro

babl

y no

t an

optio

n, at

leas

t in

the m

ediu

m te

rm an

d th

eref

ore m

ight

be be

st to

acce

ss fu

nds t

hrou

gh

Mul

tilat

eral

Impl

emen

ting

Entit

ies (M

IEs) a

nd

Regi

onal

Impl

emen

ting

Entit

y (RI

E).

•Ex

pend

iture

analy

sis in

line

with

PCCF

AF an

d CPE

IR is

ne

eded

.

•As

sista

nce r

equi

red t

o im

plem

ent P

FM R

oadm

ap.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge i

nclu

ded a

s pr

iorit

y in

Natio

nal C

apac

ity

Deve

lopm

ent S

trate

gy an

d Act

ion

Plan

.

•Th

e main

chall

enge

for N

iue i

s th

e lac

k of c

apac

ity or

cons

train

ts in

term

s of fi

nanc

e and

labo

ur to

im

plem

ent t

he N

SDS o

r any

plan

s/str

ateg

ies th

at m

ay be

prod

uced

.

•Po

or al

ignm

ent o

f rec

urre

nt

(gov

ernm

ent)

budg

et pr

ojec

ts w

ith cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olici

es an

d pl

ans;

this

coul

d be a

ddre

ssed

w

ith ad

ditio

nal s

taff.

•Im

prov

emen

t nee

ded t

o rais

e aw

aren

ess a

nd bu

ild su

ppor

t for

cli

mat

e cha

nge a

ctio

n am

ongs

t th

e gen

eral

publ

ic.

•St

aff tu

rnov

er w

ithin

im

plem

entin

g age

ncies

is h

igh,

lea

ding

to di

fficu

lty in

reta

inin

g an

d main

tain

ing c

apac

ity.

•Pr

ojec

t dev

elopm

ent s

uppo

rt fro

m

impl

emen

ting a

genc

ies h

as be

en

usef

ul; u

nlike

ly to

acce

ss fu

ndin

g fro

m gl

obal

sour

ces w

ithou

t as

sista

nce s

uch

as us

ing M

IEs

and R

IE.

•Pr

emier

is su

ppor

tive o

f ac

tion

on cl

imat

e cha

nge

and h

as be

en vo

cal a

t in

tern

atio

nal a

nd re

gion

al fo

rum

s.

•Se

nior

man

agem

ent i

s su

ppor

tive o

f clim

ate

chan

ge ac

tion

and i

s pr

oact

ive in

inte

grat

ing C

C in

to th

eir pr

ogra

mm

es.

•Do

nor-f

unde

d pro

jects

gene

rally

alig

n w

ith

polic

ies an

d plan

s.

•Al

l CC s

uppo

rt de

liver

ed

thro

ugh

proj

ects

but

mor

e flex

ible

mec

hani

sms

pref

erre

d.

•Th

ere a

re op

portu

nitie

s to

impr

ove e

ngag

emen

t with

th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r thr

ough

Na

tiona

l Dev

elopm

ent

Bank

gran

ts pr

ogra

mm

e.

•Fin

alise

Dev

elopm

ent

Coop

erat

ion

Polic

y.

•Lo

ok at

oppo

rtuni

ties t

o im

prov

e eng

agem

ent w

ith

the p

rivat

e sec

tor t

hrou

gh

Natio

nal D

evelo

pmen

t Ba

nk gr

ants

prog

ram

me

(sim

ilar t

o tha

t in

Palau

).

•Do

nors

and i

mpl

emen

ting

partn

ers s

houl

d har

mon

ise

and s

tream

line r

epor

ting

arra

ngem

ents.

•Ni

ue is

lead

ing t

he Pa

cific

Islan

ds re

gion

with

the h

ighe

st pe

rcent

age o

f wom

en in

the

Natio

nal P

arlia

men

t.

•Th

e Pac

ific L

eade

rs Ge

nder

Eq

ualit

y Dec

larat

ion T

rend

As

sess

men

t Rep

ort 2

012–

2016

no

ted N

iue a

s one

of th

e th

ree c

ount

ries i

n th

e Pac

ific

whi

ch ac

hiev

ed M

DG 3

Gend

er

Equa

lity.

•A

key c

halle

nge f

or N

iue i

s to

ensu

re th

at ge

nder

-sen

sitivi

ty

and d

isabi

lity i

nclu

siven

ess i

s ad

dres

sed i

n its

clim

ate c

hang

e pr

ogra

mm

es, p

rojec

ts an

d ac

tiviti

es.

•Th

ere i

s a n

eed f

or gr

eate

r m

ainstr

eam

ing o

f GSI

into

pl

anni

ng do

cum

ents

as ex

istin

g pl

ans l

ack d

etail

ed G

SI po

licies

an

d plan

s.

•Ra

ising

awar

enes

s is n

eede

d to

deve

lop c

omm

unity

supp

ort

for g

ende

r and

socia

l inclu

sion

resp

onsiv

e gov

ernm

ent

prog

ram

mes

, pos

sibly

due t

o lac

k of u

nder

stand

ing o

f iss

ues

arou

nd G

SI an

d dev

elopm

ent.

•In

tegr

atio

n of

GSI

into

NNS

P, JN

AP an

d Nat

iona

l Clim

ate

Chan

ge St

rate

gy.

•Fin

alise

and a

ppro

ve th

e dra

ft po

licy o

n ge

nder

equa

lity.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- N

iue

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

ns

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Eff

ectiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•NZ

AP, J

apan

, (PE

C Fun

d), E

U,

Austr

alia (

DFAT

), GE

F, UN

DP

•Gl

obal

fund

s pro

cess

es

too l

abou

r int

ensiv

e and

co

mpl

icate

d give

n lim

ited

capa

city f

or de

velo

ping

and

impl

emen

ting p

rojec

ts.

•CR

OPs t

end t

o res

pond

m

ore q

uick

ly th

an ot

her

orga

nisa

tions

.

•DF

AT CC

assis

tanc

e im

plem

ente

d th

roug

h GE

F pro

ject w

ith

fund

s mob

ilised

quick

ly an

d str

eam

lined

thro

ugh

GEF,

so

no ad

ditio

nal a

dmin

istra

tive

requ

irem

ents.

•Ni

ue h

as su

bmitt

ed co

ncep

t no

tes t

o GCF

for c

onsid

erat

ion.

•Ni

ue h

as be

nefit

ed fr

om va

rious

re

gion

al pr

ojec

ts im

plem

ente

d th

roug

h re

gion

al or

gani

satio

ns.

Exam

ples

of M

ajor

Pro

ject

s

•Ja

pan

(PEC

Fund

) – U

SD

4.0m

Des

ign,

Man

ufac

ture

&

Insta

llatio

n of

Solar

Powe

r Grid

Co

nnec

ted G

ener

ator

s & B

atte

ry

Back

ed Po

wer S

tabi

lizer

•EU

– €2

.85m

Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

an

d Ene

rgy E

fficie

ncy f

or N

iue

•GE

F/UN

DP –

USD

12.4

m,

Appl

icatio

n of

Rid

ge-to

-Ree

f Co

ncep

t for

Bio

dive

rsity

Co

nser

vatio

n

•Th

e Niu

e Nat

iona

l Stra

tegi

c Plan

(N

NSP)

2016

–202

6 gui

ded t

he

deve

lopm

ent o

f Niu

e’s JN

AP

com

plet

ed in

2012

.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olicy

com

plet

ed.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge c

onsid

erat

ions

ne

eds t

o be m

ainstr

eam

ed.

•Pr

ojec

t im

plem

enta

tion

not w

ell

align

ed w

ith po

licies

and p

lans.

•Re

spon

sibilit

y for

over

sight

and

impl

emen

tatio

n of

polic

ies an

d pl

ans i

s som

etim

es un

clear

(e.g

. NN

SP).

•Un

clear

alig

nmen

t of p

rojec

ts fu

nded

thro

ugh

the r

ecur

rent

(g

over

nmen

t) bu

dget

with

cli

mat

e cha

nge p

olici

es an

d pl

ans.

•Re

porti

ng re

quire

men

ts bu

rden

som

e (ta

kes s

taff

away

fro

m im

plem

enta

tion)

, with

di

ffere

nt re

porti

ng re

quire

men

ts fo

r diff

eren

t im

plem

entin

g ag

encie

s.

•No

M&E

of N

NSP.

•Fu

ll PCC

FAF A

sses

smen

t wou

ld

be us

eful

.

•Cl

arify

resp

onsib

ility f

or

over

seein

g im

plem

enta

tion

of

the n

atio

nal s

trate

gic p

lan:

•Ni

ue N

atio

nal S

trate

gic P

lan w

ith

work

able

M&E

Fram

ewor

k.

•De

partm

ent o

f Env

ironm

ent (

DoE)

is

resp

onsib

le fo

r im

plem

entin

g JN

AP, c

oord

inat

ing C

C-re

lated

ac

tiviti

es ac

ross

sect

ors a

nd fo

cal

poin

t of t

he G

EF.

•Na

tiona

l CC,

DRR

and J

NAP

com

mitt

ees t

o be m

erge

d.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Co

untry

Team

(NCC

CT),

toge

ther

w

ith te

chni

cal w

orkin

g gro

ups

esta

blish

ed un

der t

he N

iue

Depa

rtmen

t of M

eteo

rolo

gy

and C

limat

e Cha

nge (

NDM

CC)

resp

onsib

le fo

r im

plem

entin

g th

e NNS

P.

•Fin

ance

and T

reas

ury,

Niue

Powe

r, De

partm

ent o

f Agr

icultu

re,

Fore

stry a

nd Fi

sher

ies sh

ould

be

invo

lved i

n CC

,DRR

and J

NAP

com

mitt

ees.

•Th

e Bus

ines

s Cou

ncil o

f Niu

e (BC

N)

and E

xter

nal A

ffairs

shou

ld be

in

clude

d in

the C

C,DR

R an

d JNA

P co

mm

ittee

s.

•Es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f a cl

imat

e ch

ange

unit

to dr

ive JN

AP

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•Fo

rmali

se re

porti

ng lin

es be

twee

n Do

E and

civil

socie

ty (y

outh

, NGO

s, Co

mm

unity

Villa

ge Co

uncil

s, W

omen

’s Gro

up, p

rivat

e sec

tor,

etc.)

.

•Sim

plify

lines

of co

mm

unica

tion,

ro

les an

d res

pons

ibilit

ies be

twee

n CC

and D

RR st

akeh

olde

rs

•Im

prov

e arra

ngem

ents

for M

&E

of N

NSP.

•PE

FA as

sess

men

t co

mpl

eted

in A

ugus

t 20

11, o

ut of

whi

ch a

PFM

Ro

adm

ap (2

012-

2014

) was

pr

epar

ed.

•NI

E sta

tus i

s pro

babl

y no

t an

optio

n, at

leas

t in

the m

ediu

m te

rm an

d th

eref

ore m

ight

be be

st to

acce

ss fu

nds t

hrou

gh

Mul

tilat

eral

Impl

emen

ting

Entit

ies (M

IEs) a

nd

Regi

onal

Impl

emen

ting

Entit

y (RI

E).

•Ex

pend

iture

analy

sis in

line

with

PCCF

AF an

d CPE

IR is

ne

eded

.

•As

sista

nce r

equi

red t

o im

plem

ent P

FM R

oadm

ap.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge i

nclu

ded a

s pr

iorit

y in

Natio

nal C

apac

ity

Deve

lopm

ent S

trate

gy an

d Act

ion

Plan

.

•Th

e main

chall

enge

for N

iue i

s th

e lac

k of c

apac

ity or

cons

train

ts in

term

s of fi

nanc

e and

labo

ur to

im

plem

ent t

he N

SDS o

r any

plan

s/str

ateg

ies th

at m

ay be

prod

uced

.

•Po

or al

ignm

ent o

f rec

urre

nt

(gov

ernm

ent)

budg

et pr

ojec

ts w

ith cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olici

es an

d pl

ans;

this

coul

d be a

ddre

ssed

w

ith ad

ditio

nal s

taff.

•Im

prov

emen

t nee

ded t

o rais

e aw

aren

ess a

nd bu

ild su

ppor

t for

cli

mat

e cha

nge a

ctio

n am

ongs

t th

e gen

eral

publ

ic.

•St

aff tu

rnov

er w

ithin

im

plem

entin

g age

ncies

is h

igh,

lea

ding

to di

fficu

lty in

reta

inin

g an

d main

tain

ing c

apac

ity.

•Pr

ojec

t dev

elopm

ent s

uppo

rt fro

m

impl

emen

ting a

genc

ies h

as be

en

usef

ul; u

nlike

ly to

acce

ss fu

ndin

g fro

m gl

obal

sour

ces w

ithou

t as

sista

nce s

uch

as us

ing M

IEs

and R

IE.

•Pr

emier

is su

ppor

tive o

f ac

tion

on cl

imat

e cha

nge

and h

as be

en vo

cal a

t in

tern

atio

nal a

nd re

gion

al fo

rum

s.

•Se

nior

man

agem

ent i

s su

ppor

tive o

f clim

ate

chan

ge ac

tion

and i

s pr

oact

ive in

inte

grat

ing C

C in

to th

eir pr

ogra

mm

es.

•Do

nor-f

unde

d pro

jects

gene

rally

alig

n w

ith

polic

ies an

d plan

s.

•Al

l CC s

uppo

rt de

liver

ed

thro

ugh

proj

ects

but

mor

e flex

ible

mec

hani

sms

pref

erre

d.

•Th

ere a

re op

portu

nitie

s to

impr

ove e

ngag

emen

t with

th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r thr

ough

Na

tiona

l Dev

elopm

ent

Bank

gran

ts pr

ogra

mm

e.

•Fin

alise

Dev

elopm

ent

Coop

erat

ion

Polic

y.

•Lo

ok at

oppo

rtuni

ties t

o im

prov

e eng

agem

ent w

ith

the p

rivat

e sec

tor t

hrou

gh

Natio

nal D

evelo

pmen

t Ba

nk gr

ants

prog

ram

me

(sim

ilar t

o tha

t in

Palau

).

•Do

nors

and i

mpl

emen

ting

partn

ers s

houl

d har

mon

ise

and s

tream

line r

epor

ting

arra

ngem

ents.

•Ni

ue is

lead

ing t

he Pa

cific

Islan

ds re

gion

with

the h

ighe

st pe

rcent

age o

f wom

en in

the

Natio

nal P

arlia

men

t.

•Th

e Pac

ific L

eade

rs Ge

nder

Eq

ualit

y Dec

larat

ion T

rend

As

sess

men

t Rep

ort 2

012–

2016

no

ted N

iue a

s one

of th

e th

ree c

ount

ries i

n th

e Pac

ific

whi

ch ac

hiev

ed M

DG 3

Gend

er

Equa

lity.

•A

key c

halle

nge f

or N

iue i

s to

ensu

re th

at ge

nder

-sen

sitivi

ty

and d

isabi

lity i

nclu

siven

ess i

s ad

dres

sed i

n its

clim

ate c

hang

e pr

ogra

mm

es, p

rojec

ts an

d ac

tiviti

es.

•Th

ere i

s a n

eed f

or gr

eate

r m

ainstr

eam

ing o

f GSI

into

pl

anni

ng do

cum

ents

as ex

istin

g pl

ans l

ack d

etail

ed G

SI po

licies

an

d plan

s.

•Ra

ising

awar

enes

s is n

eede

d to

deve

lop c

omm

unity

supp

ort

for g

ende

r and

socia

l inclu

sion

resp

onsiv

e gov

ernm

ent

prog

ram

mes

, pos

sibly

due t

o lac

k of u

nder

stand

ing o

f iss

ues

arou

nd G

SI an

d dev

elopm

ent.

•In

tegr

atio

n of

GSI

into

NNS

P, JN

AP an

d Nat

iona

l Clim

ate

Chan

ge St

rate

gy.

•Fin

alise

and a

ppro

ve th

e dra

ft po

licy o

n ge

nder

equa

lity.

Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

– P

alau

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial I

nclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a, EU

, US C

ompa

ct/

USAI

D, G

EF/U

NEP/

UNDP

, Ja

pan/

PEC F

und,

RoC

/Taiw

an

•Es

timat

ed to

tal f

undi

ng of

USD

28

.7m

(201

0–20

17).

•Of

the 7

3 pro

jects

analy

sed

from

2010

–201

7: 55

proj

ects

acco

untin

g for

USD

18.7

m

were

off-b

udge

t (65

.3%

) and

18

proj

ects

acco

untin

g for

USD

10

m w

ere o

n-bu

dget

(34.

7%).

•Co

mpo

sitio

n of

CCDR

M so

urce

s of

fund

s (20

10–

2017

): Bi

later

al 63

.6%

(USD

18.2

m),

Mul

tilat

eral

34.2

% (U

SD 9.

8m)

and o

ther

sour

ces 2

.3%

(USD

0.

7m).

•Es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f a n

umbe

r of

inno

vativ

e dom

estic

fund

ing

mec

hani

sms (

Prot

ecte

d Ar

ea N

etwo

rk Fu

nd, M

C En

dow

men

t Fun

d and

Roc

k Isl

and P

erm

it fe

es).

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

pred

ictab

le re

sour

ces t

o mee

t une

xpec

ted

need

s res

ultin

g fro

m ex

trem

e cli

mat

e eve

nts.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•GE

F/UN

EP/G

oP –

USD

15.7

m,

Ridg

e-to

-Ree

f: Ad

vanc

ing

Susta

inab

le Re

sour

ces

Man

agem

ent t

o Im

prov

e Liv

eliho

ods a

nd Pr

otec

t Bi

odive

rsity

in Pa

lau

•Ja

pan/

PEC F

und –

USD

4.0m

- Pr

ojec

t of D

esali

natio

n Re

verse

Os

mos

is (R

O) Sy

stem

and S

olar

Po

wer G

ener

atio

n Sy

stem

in

Palau

– Pe

leliu

Stat

e.

•Sig

nific

ant p

rogr

ess

in de

velo

ping

CCDR

M

polic

ies an

d esta

blish

ing

a sup

porti

ng n

atio

nal

lands

cape

for p

riorit

ising

th

ese i

ssue

s.

•Pa

lau Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

Polic

y (PC

CP) 2

015

prov

ides

an ov

erar

chin

g fra

mew

ork a

nd pr

iorit

ies.

•Na

tiona

l Disa

ster a

nd

Risk

Man

agem

ent

Fram

ewor

k (ND

RMF)

2010

pr

ovid

es th

e pol

icy an

d in

stitu

tiona

l fra

mew

ork

for D

RM an

d DRR

.

•ND

RMF e

xists

as a

proc

edur

al do

cum

ent

and d

oes n

ot co

ntain

any

outco

mes

or ta

rget

s.

•W

eak l

inka

ges b

etwe

en

Palau

Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy a

nd N

atio

nal

Disa

ster R

isk M

anag

emen

t Fr

amew

ork.

•Pr

otec

ted A

reas

Net

work

pr

ovid

es a

key e

ntry

poin

t fo

r inc

orpo

ratin

g CCD

RM

issue

s at s

ubna

tiona

l lev

el.

•La

ck of

CC m

ainstr

eam

ing

in go

vern

men

t of P

alau

polic

ies an

d act

ion

plan

s.

•En

sure

inclu

sion

of CC

DRM

ac

ross

sect

ors i

n th

e de

velo

pmen

t of a

new

ov

erar

chin

g nat

iona

l de

velo

pmen

t plan

.

•Re

cent

restr

uctu

ring o

f the

Ex

ecut

ive B

ranc

h re

sulte

d in

a new

insti

tutio

nal s

et-u

p for

Offi

ce of

Clim

ate C

hang

e (OC

C)

situa

ted w

ithin

the B

urea

u of

Budg

et an

d Plan

ning

.

•OC

C has

man

date

for

deve

lopm

ent,

revie

w,

and u

pdat

ing o

f the

Palau

Cl

imat

e Cha

nge P

olicy

, and

co

ordi

nate

s main

strea

min

g.

•OC

C cur

rent

ly wo

rks

•ND

RMF a

nd N

atio

nal

Emer

genc

y Man

agem

ent

Office

(NEM

O) ov

erse

e DR

R/DR

M at

nat

iona

l and

su

bnat

iona

l leve

l.

•La

ck of

a de

dica

ted

deve

lopm

ent p

lanni

ng offi

ce.

•Offi

ce of

Proj

ect M

anag

emen

t is

a new

ly op

erat

iona

lised

offi

ce in

2017

with

one f

ull-

time s

taff

mem

ber.

•A

num

ber o

f coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

s for

CCDR

M-

relat

ed ac

tiviti

es cu

rrent

ly ex

ist; h

owev

er, th

ere i

s stil

l a

need

for b

ette

r coo

rdin

atio

n.

•Re

cent

ly ac

cess

ed G

CF

read

ines

s fun

ds to

unde

rtake

an

insti

tutio

nal a

sses

smen

t of

the M

inist

ry of

Fina

nce.

•Pr

oces

ses t

o man

age a

nd

diss

emin

ate i

nfor

mat

ion,

as

well a

s mon

itor a

nd ev

aluat

e CC

DRM

prog

ress

at al

l leve

ls, is

cu

rrent

ly lac

king.

Expe

nditu

re

•CC

DRM

expe

nditu

res f

rom

20

11–2

015 r

ange

d bet

ween

6%

and 7

% of

tota

l Rep

ublic

of

Palau

expe

nditu

res,

exce

pt

for 2

013,

whi

ch ro

se to

9.

5% as

a re

sult

of in

creas

ed

fund

ing f

or th

e Typ

hoon

Ha

iyan

disa

ster.

•In

frastr

uctu

re, d

isaste

r m

anag

emen

t, ut

ilities

, bi

odive

rsity

, agr

icultu

re, a

nd

fishe

ries w

ere c

onsis

tent

ly th

e se

ctor

s tha

t ben

efite

d fro

m

the g

over

nmen

t’s CC

DRM

-re

lated

expe

nditu

re.

•Fu

nd ac

coun

ting s

yste

m lim

its

its ab

ility t

o effi

cient

ly ex

tract,

an

alyse

, and

repo

rt fin

ancia

l in

form

atio

n on

the b

asis

of

econ

omic

class

ifica

tions

, an

d pol

icy ob

jectiv

es an

d ou

tcom

es.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Bu

dget

stru

ctur

ed at

the

high

est l

evel

by so

urce

of

fund

ing.

This

pres

ents

chall

enge

of m

onito

ring h

ow

an ov

erall

portf

olio

for a

sect

or

or su

b-se

ctor

is pe

rform

ing.

•La

ck of

docu

men

tatio

n to

clar

ify th

e pol

icy an

d str

ateg

ies th

at sh

ape t

he

budg

et an

d the

assu

mpt

ions

un

derly

ing t

he fi

scal

para

met

ers a

nd pr

ojec

tions

.

•Pr

edict

abilit

y of e

xpen

ditu

re is

qu

ite re

mar

kabl

e.

•La

ck of

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sms a

nd cl

arity

of

hier

arch

y of a

utho

rities

in

gove

rnm

ent.

•Pa

lau is

takin

g mea

sure

s to

build

and s

uppl

emen

t its

natio

nal c

apac

ity to

acce

ss

and m

anag

e int

erna

tiona

l cli

mat

e cha

nge fi

nanc

e.

•So

me e

xper

ience

d go

vern

men

t offi

cials

have

relev

ant k

now

ledge

an

d eng

agem

ent w

ith

the U

NFCC

C neg

otiat

ions

an

d glo

bal c

limat

e fun

ds,

inclu

ding

the G

reen

Cl

imat

e Fun

d.

•Pa

lau’s C

limat

e Fin

ance

Offi

cer i

s cur

rent

ly se

rvin

g as

a sp

ecial

advis

er to

the

SIDS B

oard

Mem

ber i

n th

e GCF

Boa

rd, S

amoa

’s Am

bass

ador

to th

e Uni

ted

Natio

ns.

•Ch

allen

ge to

reta

in pr

ojec

t-fu

nded

staff

mem

bers

at

the e

nd of

proj

ects.

•St

ate g

over

nmen

ts in

Palau

ha

ve m

inim

al sta

ff.

•Pa

lau Co

mm

unity

Colle

ge

(PCC

) play

s a ke

y rol

e in

build

ing t

he ca

pacit

y of

both

Palau

gove

rnm

ent

officia

ls an

d sch

ool le

aver

s.

•Ca

pacit

y bui

ldin

g and

su

pplem

enta

tion

for

clim

ate c

hang

e and

di

saste

r risk

man

agem

ent

mus

t rem

ain a

natio

nal

prio

rity f

or Pa

lau.

•In

clusio

n of

officia

ls fro

m ot

her d

epar

tmen

ts in

futu

re fi

nanc

e ne

gotia

tions

.

•Ne

ed to

supp

ort d

edica

ted

capa

city f

or M

&E.

•Ai

d Coo

rdin

atio

n an

d Gra

nts

Man

agem

ent E

xecu

tive O

rder

and t

he

Pres

iden

tial D

irect

ive on

Polic

ies an

d Pr

oced

ures

of A

id Co

ordi

natio

n an

d Gr

ants

Man

agem

ent a

im to

ensu

re

proj

ects

are c

onsis

tent

with

nat

iona

l str

ateg

ies an

d prio

rities

.

•Go

vern

men

t has

put i

n pl

ace b

ilate

ral

agre

emen

ts on

exte

rnal

assis

tanc

e with

US

, Jap

an an

d ROC

/Taiw

an.

•Ex

ceed

ed m

ost o

f its

com

mitm

ents

to th

e M

icron

esia

Chall

enge

.

•Ev

iden

ce of

frag

men

tatio

n of

supp

ort

as m

ost o

f Pala

u’s CC

DRM

prog

ram

me i

s pr

ojec

t-bas

ed, a

nd a

signi

fican

t por

tion

(65%

) are

off-b

udge

t and

not

trac

ked.

•So

me e

xter

nal s

ource

s of s

uppo

rt su

ch as

th

e US C

ompa

ct fu

ndin

g hav

e stri

ngen

t co

nditi

ons t

hat h

ave l

ittle

flexib

ility f

or

reall

ocat

ion

once

fund

s are

agre

ed an

d pr

ogra

mm

ed. T

his m

akes

it di

fficu

lt fo

r th

e Gov

ernm

ent t

o app

ly th

e prin

ciple

of al

ignm

ent a

nd h

arm

onisa

tion,

pa

rticu

larly

whe

n Go

vern

men

t prio

rities

an

d nat

iona

l circ

umsta

nces

chan

ge.

•No

form

al do

nor-t

o-do

nor c

oord

inat

ion

mec

hani

sm.

•lac

k of m

utua

lly ag

reed

indi

cato

rs an

d lim

ited c

apac

ity to

man

age r

esul

ts an

d ass

ess t

he eff

ectiv

enes

s of C

CDRM

ac

tiviti

es

•Pa

rtner

s tha

t are

curre

ntly

enga

ging

with

th

e Gov

ernm

ent o

f Pala

u do n

ot re

port

thro

ugh

the s

ame e

ntry

poin

t.

•Ne

ed fo

r bet

ter a

lignm

ent o

f aid

m

anag

emen

t fun

ctio

ns w

ith n

atio

nal

plan

ning

and b

udge

ting,

espe

cially

with

re

spec

t to C

CDRM

.

•Ne

ed to

lead

dono

r coo

rdin

atio

n an

d ha

rmon

isatio

n (fo

llow

ing t

he To

nga

mod

el).

•Co

nsid

er jo

int m

issio

ns an

d app

roac

hes.

•Pa

lau is

takin

g ste

ps to

inte

grat

e GS

I into

CCDR

M.

•W

omen

’s lab

our f

orce

pa

rticip

atio

n an

d edu

catio

nal

statu

s are

amon

g the

hig

hest

in

PICs

and o

vera

ll rat

es of

liter

acy

are a

lso h

igh.

•A

num

ber o

f pro

gres

sive

tradi

tions

and c

urre

nt po

licies

an

d pro

gram

mes

that

prom

ote

gend

er eq

ualit

y and

socia

l in

clusio

n.

•Lim

ited m

easu

rem

ent o

f the

ex

tent

to w

hich

mar

gina

lised

or

vuln

erab

le gr

oups

bene

fit

from

clim

ate c

hang

e ada

ptat

ion

and d

isaste

r risk

redu

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

es.

•Im

plem

entin

g first

gend

er

main

strea

min

g pol

icy fo

r go

vern

men

t.

•Sp

ecial

atte

ntio

n to

vuln

erab

le pe

ople

in M

ediu

m-Te

rm

Deve

lopm

ent S

trate

gy (M

TDS)

br

oadl

y cha

ract

erise

d as p

erso

ns

who

hav

e spe

cial n

eeds

due t

o ph

ysica

l or s

ocial

char

acte

ristic

s or

perso

ns (o

r hou

seho

lds)

expe

rienc

ing e

cono

mic

hard

ship.

•Gr

eate

r main

strea

min

g of g

ende

r an

d soc

ial in

clusio

n in

nat

iona

l an

d CCD

RM pl

ans n

eede

d.

•Lim

ited d

isagg

rega

ted d

ata

on G

SI.

•Es

tabl

ish ge

nder

foca

l poi

nts

acro

ss m

inist

ries t

o fac

ilitat

e m

ainstr

eam

ing a

nd re

sour

ce

thes

e.

•De

velo

p GSI

guid

eline

s, “h

ow to

” to

ols,

and t

rain

ing i

n m

etho

ds

that

will

appl

y to C

CDRM

proj

ects.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Pa

pua

New

Gui

nea

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent

Effec

tiven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial I

nclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a, AF

/UND

P, GE

F/UN

DP, A

DB,

Japa

n, N

ZAP,

WB/

GFDR

R, R

EDD+

, USA

ID,

SPC/

GIZ.

•PN

G ha

s acc

esse

d the

Ada

ptat

ion

Fund

by

usin

g UND

P as a

MIE.

•PN

G is

one o

f the

coun

tries

invo

lved i

n th

e Pac

ific I

sland

s Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

In

vestm

ent P

rogr

am (U

SD 1.

7m) f

rom

GC

F.

•In

vesti

gatin

g leg

islat

ion

for a

nat

iona

l cli

mat

e fun

d for

man

agin

g poo

led fu

nds

from

CDM

, UNR

EDD+

, gra

nts a

nd ot

her

clim

ate fi

nanc

e sch

emes

.

•Co

ntin

ued u

se of

MIEs

and R

IE to

acce

ss

AF an

d GCF

whi

le wo

rkin

g tow

ards

ac

hiev

ing N

IE sta

tus.

•Un

derta

ke CP

EIR/P

CCFA

F and

NIE

rapi

d as

sess

men

ts.

•Go

vern

men

t sho

uld e

xplo

re th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent a

nd ca

pita

lisat

ion

of a

natio

nal “

Clim

ate C

hang

e Res

ilienc

e and

Gr

een

Grow

th Fu

nd”.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•AD

B/SC

F (TA

) USD

0.82

m -

Stra

tegi

c Pr

ogra

m fo

r Clim

ate R

esilie

nce (

SPCR

) Im

plem

enta

tion

Proj

ect

•NZ

/Japa

n US

D 5.

0m -

Impr

oved

Ener

gy

Acce

ss fo

r Rur

al Co

mm

uniti

es

•AF

/UND

P, US

D 6.

5m En

hanc

ing a

dapt

ive

capa

city o

f com

mun

ities

to CC

-relat

ed

flood

s in

the N

orth

Coas

t and

Islan

ds

Regi

on of

PNG.

•Th

e Gui

ding

Plan

ning

do

cum

ents

are:

o Pa

pua N

ew G

uine

a Visi

on

2050

o PN

G De

velo

pmen

t St

rate

gic P

lan 20

10–

2030

(PNG

DSP

)

o Na

tiona

l Stra

tegy

for

Resp

onsib

le Su

stain

able

Deve

lopm

ent (

StaR

S)

o M

ediu

m-Te

rm

Deve

lopm

ent P

lan

(MTD

P2) 2

016–

2017

.

o Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

(Man

agem

ent)

Act 2

015.

•Th

ese s

et ou

t key

stra

tegi

es

to ad

apt t

o the

dom

estic

im

pact

s of c

limat

e cha

nge

and c

ontri

bute

to gl

obal

effor

ts to

abat

e gre

enho

use

gas e

miss

ions

and r

educ

e di

saste

r risk

s.

•Co

mpl

emen

ting t

hese

hi

gher

leve

l plan

ning

do

cum

ents

is th

e majo

r CC

polic

y doc

umen

t the

Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

ompa

tible

Deve

lopm

ent M

anag

emen

t (N

CCDM

) Pol

icy, 2

014–

2016

(2

014)

.

•Te

chni

cal a

genc

ies an

d se

ctor

coor

dina

tion

com

mitt

ees t

o rev

iew an

d up

date

sect

or pl

ans a

nd

polic

ies en

surin

g clim

ate

chan

ge is

adeq

uate

ly m

ainstr

eam

ed, a

nd th

at

upda

ted p

lans a

nd po

licies

ar

e cos

ted a

nd lin

ked t

o the

M

TDP I

II.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge (

Man

agem

ent)

Act

2015

esta

blish

es Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

Deve

lopm

ent A

utho

rity (

CCDA

, fo

rmer

ly Offi

ce of

Clim

ate C

hang

e an

d Dev

elopm

ent –

OCC

D, w

hich

pr

ovid

es th

e coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

at

nat

iona

l leve

l for

rese

arch

, ana

lysis

and d

evelo

pmen

t of C

C pol

icy an

d leg

al fra

mew

ork f

or N

atio

nal S

trate

gy

on Cl

imat

e Com

patib

le De

velo

pmen

t.

•CC

DA su

ppor

ted b

y Tec

hnica

l Wor

king

Grou

ps(T

WGs

) for

UNR

EDD+

, Lo

w-c

arbo

n Gr

owth

, Ada

ptat

ion

and

Natio

nal C

onsu

ltatio

n.

•M

embe

rs of

TWGs

inclu

de

gove

rnm

ent,

NGOs

, aca

dem

ics, p

rivat

e se

ctor

, dev

elopm

ent p

artn

ers,

chur

ch

grou

ps an

d res

earch

insti

tutio

ns.

•De

velo

pmen

t par

tner

s in

PNG

do h

ave

an ac

tive D

evelo

pmen

t Par

tner

s Rou

nd

Tabl

e (DP

RT) t

hat m

eets

regu

larly.

•No

nat

iona

l coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

on

clim

ate c

hang

e or c

limat

e fina

nce.

•De

velo

pmen

t of s

trate

gic p

lan fo

r CC

DA an

d oth

er op

erat

ions

and

proc

edur

al m

anua

ls.

•De

velo

p in-

coun

try cl

imat

e cha

nge

insti

tutio

nal p

roce

sses

and s

yste

ms.

•Se

ek ad

vice o

n ce

ntra

l and

subn

atio

nal

insti

tutio

nal s

uppo

rt.

•Co

nduc

t situ

atio

n an

alysis

of th

e M

inist

ry of

Clim

ate C

hang

e.

•St

ream

line/

inte

grat

e clim

ate c

hang

e po

licy a

t all i

nstit

utio

ns an

d sec

tors.

•St

reng

then

relat

ions

hip w

ith CS

Os an

d th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r.

•Pr

ogre

ss h

as be

en m

ade i

n op

erat

iona

lisin

g the

Inte

grat

ed

Finan

cial M

anag

emen

t Sys

tem

(IF

MS)

, inte

grat

ing r

ecur

rent

an

d dev

elopm

ent b

udge

ts,

and u

nder

takin

g a pu

blic

expe

nditu

re re

view

and a

Publ

ic Ex

pend

iture

and F

inan

cial

Acco

unta

bilit

y (PE

FA) s

elf-

asse

ssm

ent.

•Fu

rther

effor

ts ne

eded

to

impr

ove c

ash

man

agem

ent

and m

ediu

m-te

rm bu

dget

ing

prac

tices

.

•Th

ere i

s a n

eed t

o stre

ngth

en

mec

hani

sms f

or de

liver

ing

fund

ing t

o pro

vince

s and

co

mm

uniti

es to

impr

ove h

ow CC

ne

eds a

re be

ing a

ddre

ssed

.

•Th

e Gov

ernm

ent a

lloca

tes

an an

nual

budg

et of

arou

nd

PGK

20m

for d

isaste

r co

ntin

genc

y, pa

rked

unde

r th

e “M

iscell

aneo

us” c

hart

of

acco

unts.

Unf

ortu

nate

ly, th

e fu

ndin

g is o

ften

reall

ocat

ed/

repr

iorit

ised t

o oth

er co

mpe

ting

gove

rnm

ent p

riorit

ies.

•On

ly a f

ew ex

tern

ally f

unde

d cli

mat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts ar

e ca

ptur

ed in

PNG’s

budg

et,

and s

ome p

artn

ers e

ngag

e di

rect

ly w

ith te

chni

cal a

genc

ies,

and i

n do

ing s

o, by

pass

the

gove

rnm

ent a

ppra

isal p

roce

ss

and d

ialog

ue m

echa

nism

.

•Ca

pacit

y with

in th

e CCD

A an

d oth

er in

stitu

tions

in

volve

d in

impl

emen

ting

the C

CDRM

agen

da is

lac

king,

limiti

ng th

e abi

lity

to im

plem

ent N

CCDM

.

•Un

derst

andi

ng of

the

proc

edur

es fo

r acc

essin

g gl

obal

clim

ate f

unds

such

as

the G

CF is

limite

d in

key

cent

ral a

genc

ies an

d oth

er

line t

echn

ical a

genc

ies.

•Su

bnat

iona

l act

ors l

ack

capa

city t

o im

plem

ent

polic

ies, p

rogr

amm

es an

d pr

ojec

ts to

addr

ess C

CDRM

ne

eds.

•A

num

ber o

f the

ac

adem

ics an

d res

earch

ers

work

ing w

ith di

ffere

nt

insti

tute

s and

unive

rsitie

s po

sses

s a w

ealth

of

tech

nica

l exp

ertis

e to h

elp

the g

over

nmen

t acc

ess

inte

rnat

iona

l clim

ate

finan

ce an

d app

raise

pr

ojec

ts. H

owev

er, th

is lo

cally

avail

able

expe

rtise

is

not f

ully

utilis

ed by

the

Gove

rnm

ent a

t pre

sent

.

•Un

derst

andi

ng of

the

proc

edur

es fo

r acc

essin

g gl

obal

clim

ate f

unds

such

as

the G

CF is

limite

d in

key

cent

ral a

genc

ies an

d oth

er

line t

echn

ical a

genc

ies.

•Di

alogu

e bet

ween

Go

vern

men

t and

de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtner

s has

been

in

cons

isten

t par

tly

due t

o lim

ited s

taffi

ng

and c

apac

ity in

the

Fore

ign

Aid D

ivisio

n to

take

a m

ore a

ctive

lea

dersh

ip ro

le.

•Th

e Gov

ernm

ent i

s ne

arin

g com

plet

ion

of

an A

id Po

licy R

eview

.

•NC

CDM

polic

y prin

ciples

in

clude

com

mitm

ent t

o fair

an

d equ

al pa

rticip

atio

n to

re

pres

ent v

iews o

f men

, wo

men

, you

th, v

ulne

rabl

e and

m

inor

ity gr

oups

and r

espe

ct

right

s of r

esou

rce ow

ners

and i

ncre

ase c

omm

unity

pa

rticip

atio

n in

all a

ctivi

ties.

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

capa

city

of re

levan

t Gov

ernm

ent

entit

ies, s

uch

as CC

DA, a

nd

line m

inist

ries t

o und

erta

ke

nece

ssar

y GSI

analy

sis,

espe

cially

in a

CCDR

M co

ntex

t.

•Ge

nder

and a

ge di

sagg

rega

ted

data

to as

sist i

n un

derta

king

mea

ning

ful a

nalys

is of

GSI

issue

s.

•Ca

pacit

y of r

eleva

nt ag

encie

s to

wor

k with

min

istrie

s to

main

strea

m G

SI in

to M

TDP2

, se

ctor

al an

d CCD

RM pl

ans.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Pa

pua

New

Gui

nea

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent

Effec

tiven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial I

nclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a, AF

/UND

P, GE

F/UN

DP, A

DB,

Japa

n, N

ZAP,

WB/

GFDR

R, R

EDD+

, USA

ID,

SPC/

GIZ.

•PN

G ha

s acc

esse

d the

Ada

ptat

ion

Fund

by

usin

g UND

P as a

MIE.

•PN

G is

one o

f the

coun

tries

invo

lved i

n th

e Pac

ific I

sland

s Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

In

vestm

ent P

rogr

am (U

SD 1.

7m) f

rom

GC

F.

•In

vesti

gatin

g leg

islat

ion

for a

nat

iona

l cli

mat

e fun

d for

man

agin

g poo

led fu

nds

from

CDM

, UNR

EDD+

, gra

nts a

nd ot

her

clim

ate fi

nanc

e sch

emes

.

•Co

ntin

ued u

se of

MIEs

and R

IE to

acce

ss

AF an

d GCF

whi

le wo

rkin

g tow

ards

ac

hiev

ing N

IE sta

tus.

•Un

derta

ke CP

EIR/P

CCFA

F and

NIE

rapi

d as

sess

men

ts.

•Go

vern

men

t sho

uld e

xplo

re th

e es

tabl

ishm

ent a

nd ca

pita

lisat

ion

of a

natio

nal “

Clim

ate C

hang

e Res

ilienc

e and

Gr

een

Grow

th Fu

nd”.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•AD

B/SC

F (TA

) USD

0.82

m -

Stra

tegi

c Pr

ogra

m fo

r Clim

ate R

esilie

nce (

SPCR

) Im

plem

enta

tion

Proj

ect

•NZ

/Japa

n US

D 5.

0m -

Impr

oved

Ener

gy

Acce

ss fo

r Rur

al Co

mm

uniti

es

•AF

/UND

P, US

D 6.

5m En

hanc

ing a

dapt

ive

capa

city o

f com

mun

ities

to CC

-relat

ed

flood

s in

the N

orth

Coas

t and

Islan

ds

Regi

on of

PNG.

•Th

e Gui

ding

Plan

ning

do

cum

ents

are:

o Pa

pua N

ew G

uine

a Visi

on

2050

o PN

G De

velo

pmen

t St

rate

gic P

lan 20

10–

2030

(PNG

DSP

)

o Na

tiona

l Stra

tegy

for

Resp

onsib

le Su

stain

able

Deve

lopm

ent (

StaR

S)

o M

ediu

m-Te

rm

Deve

lopm

ent P

lan

(MTD

P2) 2

016–

2017

.

o Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

(Man

agem

ent)

Act 2

015.

•Th

ese s

et ou

t key

stra

tegi

es

to ad

apt t

o the

dom

estic

im

pact

s of c

limat

e cha

nge

and c

ontri

bute

to gl

obal

effor

ts to

abat

e gre

enho

use

gas e

miss

ions

and r

educ

e di

saste

r risk

s.

•Co

mpl

emen

ting t

hese

hi

gher

leve

l plan

ning

do

cum

ents

is th

e majo

r CC

polic

y doc

umen

t the

Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

ompa

tible

Deve

lopm

ent M

anag

emen

t (N

CCDM

) Pol

icy, 2

014–

2016

(2

014)

.

•Te

chni

cal a

genc

ies an

d se

ctor

coor

dina

tion

com

mitt

ees t

o rev

iew an

d up

date

sect

or pl

ans a

nd

polic

ies en

surin

g clim

ate

chan

ge is

adeq

uate

ly m

ainstr

eam

ed, a

nd th

at

upda

ted p

lans a

nd po

licies

ar

e cos

ted a

nd lin

ked t

o the

M

TDP I

II.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge (

Man

agem

ent)

Act

2015

esta

blish

es Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

Deve

lopm

ent A

utho

rity (

CCDA

, fo

rmer

ly Offi

ce of

Clim

ate C

hang

e an

d Dev

elopm

ent –

OCC

D, w

hich

pr

ovid

es th

e coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

at

nat

iona

l leve

l for

rese

arch

, ana

lysis

and d

evelo

pmen

t of C

C pol

icy an

d leg

al fra

mew

ork f

or N

atio

nal S

trate

gy

on Cl

imat

e Com

patib

le De

velo

pmen

t.

•CC

DA su

ppor

ted b

y Tec

hnica

l Wor

king

Grou

ps(T

WGs

) for

UNR

EDD+

, Lo

w-c

arbo

n Gr

owth

, Ada

ptat

ion

and

Natio

nal C

onsu

ltatio

n.

•M

embe

rs of

TWGs

inclu

de

gove

rnm

ent,

NGOs

, aca

dem

ics, p

rivat

e se

ctor

, dev

elopm

ent p

artn

ers,

chur

ch

grou

ps an

d res

earch

insti

tutio

ns.

•De

velo

pmen

t par

tner

s in

PNG

do h

ave

an ac

tive D

evelo

pmen

t Par

tner

s Rou

nd

Tabl

e (DP

RT) t

hat m

eets

regu

larly.

•No

nat

iona

l coo

rdin

atio

n m

echa

nism

on

clim

ate c

hang

e or c

limat

e fina

nce.

•De

velo

pmen

t of s

trate

gic p

lan fo

r CC

DA an

d oth

er op

erat

ions

and

proc

edur

al m

anua

ls.

•De

velo

p in-

coun

try cl

imat

e cha

nge

insti

tutio

nal p

roce

sses

and s

yste

ms.

•Se

ek ad

vice o

n ce

ntra

l and

subn

atio

nal

insti

tutio

nal s

uppo

rt.

•Co

nduc

t situ

atio

n an

alysis

of th

e M

inist

ry of

Clim

ate C

hang

e.

•St

ream

line/

inte

grat

e clim

ate c

hang

e po

licy a

t all i

nstit

utio

ns an

d sec

tors.

•St

reng

then

relat

ions

hip w

ith CS

Os an

d th

e priv

ate s

ecto

r.

•Pr

ogre

ss h

as be

en m

ade i

n op

erat

iona

lisin

g the

Inte

grat

ed

Finan

cial M

anag

emen

t Sys

tem

(IF

MS)

, inte

grat

ing r

ecur

rent

an

d dev

elopm

ent b

udge

ts,

and u

nder

takin

g a pu

blic

expe

nditu

re re

view

and a

Publ

ic Ex

pend

iture

and F

inan

cial

Acco

unta

bilit

y (PE

FA) s

elf-

asse

ssm

ent.

•Fu

rther

effor

ts ne

eded

to

impr

ove c

ash

man

agem

ent

and m

ediu

m-te

rm bu

dget

ing

prac

tices

.

•Th

ere i

s a n

eed t

o stre

ngth

en

mec

hani

sms f

or de

liver

ing

fund

ing t

o pro

vince

s and

co

mm

uniti

es to

impr

ove h

ow CC

ne

eds a

re be

ing a

ddre

ssed

.

•Th

e Gov

ernm

ent a

lloca

tes

an an

nual

budg

et of

arou

nd

PGK

20m

for d

isaste

r co

ntin

genc

y, pa

rked

unde

r th

e “M

iscell

aneo

us” c

hart

of

acco

unts.

Unf

ortu

nate

ly, th

e fu

ndin

g is o

ften

reall

ocat

ed/

repr

iorit

ised t

o oth

er co

mpe

ting

gove

rnm

ent p

riorit

ies.

•On

ly a f

ew ex

tern

ally f

unde

d cli

mat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts ar

e ca

ptur

ed in

PNG’s

budg

et,

and s

ome p

artn

ers e

ngag

e di

rect

ly w

ith te

chni

cal a

genc

ies,

and i

n do

ing s

o, by

pass

the

gove

rnm

ent a

ppra

isal p

roce

ss

and d

ialog

ue m

echa

nism

.

•Ca

pacit

y with

in th

e CCD

A an

d oth

er in

stitu

tions

in

volve

d in

impl

emen

ting

the C

CDRM

agen

da is

lac

king,

limiti

ng th

e abi

lity

to im

plem

ent N

CCDM

.

•Un

derst

andi

ng of

the

proc

edur

es fo

r acc

essin

g gl

obal

clim

ate f

unds

such

as

the G

CF is

limite

d in

key

cent

ral a

genc

ies an

d oth

er

line t

echn

ical a

genc

ies.

•Su

bnat

iona

l act

ors l

ack

capa

city t

o im

plem

ent

polic

ies, p

rogr

amm

es an

d pr

ojec

ts to

addr

ess C

CDRM

ne

eds.

•A

num

ber o

f the

ac

adem

ics an

d res

earch

ers

work

ing w

ith di

ffere

nt

insti

tute

s and

unive

rsitie

s po

sses

s a w

ealth

of

tech

nica

l exp

ertis

e to h

elp

the g

over

nmen

t acc

ess

inte

rnat

iona

l clim

ate

finan

ce an

d app

raise

pr

ojec

ts. H

owev

er, th

is lo

cally

avail

able

expe

rtise

is

not f

ully

utilis

ed by

the

Gove

rnm

ent a

t pre

sent

.

•Un

derst

andi

ng of

the

proc

edur

es fo

r acc

essin

g gl

obal

clim

ate f

unds

such

as

the G

CF is

limite

d in

key

cent

ral a

genc

ies an

d oth

er

line t

echn

ical a

genc

ies.

•Di

alogu

e bet

ween

Go

vern

men

t and

de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtner

s has

been

in

cons

isten

t par

tly

due t

o lim

ited s

taffi

ng

and c

apac

ity in

the

Fore

ign

Aid D

ivisio

n to

take

a m

ore a

ctive

lea

dersh

ip ro

le.

•Th

e Gov

ernm

ent i

s ne

arin

g com

plet

ion

of

an A

id Po

licy R

eview

.

•NC

CDM

polic

y prin

ciples

in

clude

com

mitm

ent t

o fair

an

d equ

al pa

rticip

atio

n to

re

pres

ent v

iews o

f men

, wo

men

, you

th, v

ulne

rabl

e and

m

inor

ity gr

oups

and r

espe

ct

right

s of r

esou

rce ow

ners

and i

ncre

ase c

omm

unity

pa

rticip

atio

n in

all a

ctivi

ties.

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

capa

city

of re

levan

t Gov

ernm

ent

entit

ies, s

uch

as CC

DA, a

nd

line m

inist

ries t

o und

erta

ke

nece

ssar

y GSI

analy

sis,

espe

cially

in a

CCDR

M co

ntex

t.

•Ge

nder

and a

ge di

sagg

rega

ted

data

to as

sist i

n un

derta

king

mea

ning

ful a

nalys

is of

GSI

issue

s.

•Ca

pacit

y of r

eleva

nt ag

encie

s to

wor

k with

min

istrie

s to

main

strea

m G

SI in

to M

TDP2

, se

ctor

al an

d CCD

RM pl

ans.

Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

– S

amoa

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent

Effec

tiven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial I

nclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•GE

F/CI

F/LC

DF, A

DB, A

ustra

lia

(DFA

T), E

U, Ja

pan,

Wor

ld

Bank

, NZA

ID

•De

dica

ted c

limat

e pro

jects

from

bilat

eral

dono

rs ar

e pr

ovid

ing a

bout

WST

8m pe

r ye

ar (C

PEIR

).

•Ad

apta

tion

has a

ccou

nted

fo

r bet

ween

60%

and 8

0%

of to

tal c

limat

e exp

endi

ture

(C

PEIR

)

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•W

B/CI

F/SC

F – PP

CR: U

SD

14.6

m.

•GE

F/LD

CF/U

NDP –

USD

10

2.3m

Econ

omy-

wid

e in

tegr

atio

n of

CCA

and

DRM

/DRR

to re

duce

clim

ate

vuln

erab

ility o

f com

mun

ities

in

Sam

oa

•AF

/UND

P – U

SD 8.

7m

Enha

ncin

g Res

ilienc

e of

Coas

tal C

omm

uniti

es

•W

B –

Sam

oa PR

EP –

USD

13.7

9m fr

om ID

A

•GC

F/UN

DP/G

oS Cl

imat

e Re

silien

t Int

egra

ted W

ater

Re

sour

ce an

d Coa

stal

Man

agem

ent –

USD

65.7

m

tota

l (US

D 57

.7m

from

Gre

en

Clim

ate F

und,

USD

8m fr

om

Gove

rnm

ent o

f Sam

oa).

•Sa

moa

has

a we

ll-de

velo

ped

set o

f pol

icies

and i

s eng

aged

in

furth

er im

prov

emen

t. The

St

rate

gy fo

r the

Dev

elopm

ent o

f Sa

moa

2016

/17–

2019

/20 (

SDS)

pr

ovid

es an

over

view

of th

e go

vern

men

t prio

rities

. CCD

RM

inte

grat

ed un

der E

nviro

nmen

t in

the S

DS.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate P

olicy

(NCP

) pr

ovid

es a

com

preh

ensiv

e list

of

actio

ns th

at n

eed t

o be t

aken

to

resp

ond t

o clim

ate c

hang

e.

•Sa

moa

’s first

ever

dedi

cate

d Na

tiona

l Ene

rgy P

olicy

was

ap

prov

ed by

Cabi

net i

n Ju

ne 20

07

and w

as fo

llowe

d by a

Stra

tegi

c Ac

tion

Plan

in 20

08.

•Th

e gov

ernm

ent h

as be

en

prep

arin

g a ra

nge o

f sec

tor p

lans

and c

orpo

rate

plan

s tha

t gui

de

the a

ctivi

ties o

f min

istrie

s and

ot

her g

over

nmen

t age

ncies

.

•Ne

w st

rate

gies

for c

limat

e cha

nge,

disa

ster r

isk m

anag

emen

t and

se

ctor

al po

licies

shou

ld ad

dres

s th

e nee

d to e

nsur

e tha

t a la

rger

sh

are o

f tot

al re

sour

ces i

s dev

oted

to

impl

emen

ting p

olicy

in fu

ture

.

•Su

ppor

t for

polic

y refi

nem

ent

shou

ld be

com

plem

ente

d with

fu

ndin

g for

impl

emen

tatio

n.

•In

tegr

ate C

C int

o sec

tora

l pol

icies

an

d plan

s, an

d cor

pora

te pl

ans.

•Th

e cur

rent

insti

tutio

nal

arra

ngem

ents

for p

olicy

form

ulat

ion

and i

mpl

emen

tatio

n do

not

nee

d to

be ch

ange

d. H

owev

er, th

e ins

titut

ions

do

nee

d to b

e mad

e mor

e effe

ctive

.

•NC

CCT n

eeds

a cle

ar an

nual

func

tion

in th

e plan

ning

cycle

and a

prop

erly

reso

urce

d sec

reta

riat p

rovid

ed jo

intly

by

the C

CU an

d Clim

ate R

esilie

nce

Inve

stmen

t Coo

rdin

atio

n Un

it (C

RICU

).

•Th

e rol

e of t

he N

CCCT

nee

ds to

be

stre

ngth

ened

by le

gisla

tion

and/

or re

gulat

ions

that

defin

e its

com

posit

ion

and m

anda

te.

•Th

e CC a

gend

a cou

ld be

prom

oted

by

the p

repa

ratio

n of

a sim

ple C

C Ann

ual

Mon

itorin

g Rep

ort (

CCAM

R), a

ppro

ved

by N

CCCT

; the

CCAM

R sh

ould

be

prod

uced

join

tly by

the M

inist

ry of

Fin

ance

(MOF

) and

Min

istry

of N

atur

al Re

sour

ces a

nd En

viron

men

t (M

NRE)

.

•Co

oper

atio

n be

twee

n NC

CCT,

DMO

and N

EC n

eeds

to ex

tend

to

oper

atio

nal c

oord

inat

ion.

•In

creas

ed co

oper

atio

n be

twee

n M

NRE

and M

OF.

•M

OF de

signa

ted a

s NDA

.

•W

hile

Sam

oa h

as an

adeq

uate

in

stitu

tiona

l set

-up f

or m

anag

ing

clim

ate a

dapt

atio

n an

d miti

gatio

n,

capa

city w

eakn

esse

s exis

t at s

ever

al ke

y poi

nts,

nota

bly i

n CC

U in

MNR

E.

•CS

Os/N

GOs a

re im

porta

nt, e

spec

ially

at th

e vill

age l

evel.

•M

OF to

wor

k tow

ards

achi

evem

ent o

f NI

E sta

tus.

Expe

nditu

re

•In

the C

PEIR

Sam

oa ap

pear

s to

have

a re

lative

ly hi

gh le

vel o

f cli

mat

e exp

endi

ture

with

over

70

% de

vote

d to a

dapt

atio

n.

•15

% of

publ

ic ex

pend

iture

in

Sam

oa is

dire

ctly

conc

erne

d with

CC

A an

d CCM

.

•In

2010

/11,

the t

otal

clim

ate

relev

ant s

pend

ing w

as ab

out 4

2%

of th

e tot

al.

•20

11/1

2 clim

ate r

eleva

nce

spen

ding

was

37%

of to

tal

spen

ding

.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Th

e bud

get s

yste

m w

orks

well

an

d Sam

oa re

ceive

s rela

tively

hi

gh sc

ores

for t

he ke

y bud

get

proc

esse

s. Ho

weve

r, the

re ar

e so

me a

reas

of w

eakn

ess,

inclu

ding

th

e use

of m

ulti-

year

persp

ectiv

es;

budg

et re

porti

ng; a

nd le

gisla

tive

scru

tiny.

•Fig

ures

on ac

tual

expe

nditu

re ar

e no

t rea

dily

avail

able.

•Pr

ojec

t pre

para

tion

and a

ppro

val

work

s well

.

•Ca

pacit

y to m

anag

e inc

reas

ed

clim

ate f

undi

ng lim

ited.

•La

ck of

mul

ti-ye

ar pe

rspec

tives

; we

akne

ss of

budg

et re

porti

ng;

and l

egisl

ative

scru

tiny o

f aud

it.

•Pu

blic

Finan

ce M

anag

emen

t Re

form

Plan

- Ro

llout

of PF

M

Refo

rms P

hase

III.

•St

reng

then

syste

ms f

or M

&E.

•Ca

pacit

y wea

knes

ses

exist

at se

vera

l key

po

ints,

not

ably

in CC

U in

MNR

E.

•St

reng

then

disa

ster

prep

ared

ness

and

resp

onse

capa

city.

•An

imm

ediat

e cha

lleng

e fo

r Sam

oa is

to

ensu

re th

at it

has

the

capa

city t

o man

age

the c

urre

nt le

vels

of

clim

ate fi

nanc

ing a

nd

the e

xpec

ted i

ncre

ase

in th

is fu

ndin

g, bo

th

for d

edica

ted c

limat

e fin

ance

and f

or th

e cli

mat

e com

pone

nts o

f de

velo

pmen

t fina

nce;

this

will

requ

ire so

me

capa

city b

uild

ing,

no

tabl

y in

CRIC

U an

d CC

U.

•De

velo

p cap

acity

to

man

age t

he cu

rrent

lev

els of

clim

ate

finan

cing a

nd th

e ex

pect

ed in

creas

e in

this

fund

ing.

•M

anag

ing f

or re

sults

(M

onito

ring &

Ev

aluat

ion)

and m

utua

l ac

coun

tabi

lity s

till n

eed

stren

gthe

ning

.

•On

goin

g PFM

refo

rms.

•Im

plem

ent S

DS.

•De

velo

p fina

ncin

g m

odali

ties f

or do

nor

supp

ort f

or CC

A an

d DRM

in

cludi

ng tr

ust f

unds

.

•Bu

dget

supp

ort a

s a

mod

ality

for d

elive

ring

CCDR

M-re

lated

ODA

.

•Im

prov

e mon

itorin

g of

clim

ate c

hang

e thr

ough

ce

ntra

lised

colle

ctio

n of

data

.

•Po

litica

l will

for G

SI m

ainstr

eam

ing

in Sa

moa

is re

lative

ly hi

gh an

d go

vern

men

t has

been

resp

onsiv

e to

inte

rnat

iona

l gui

danc

e and

has

un

derta

ken

legisl

ative

and p

olicy

re

form

.

•Rh

etor

ic ha

s yet

to be

de

mon

strat

ed as

true

com

mitm

ent

thro

ugh

inve

stmen

t in

gend

er

main

strea

min

g and

prof

essio

nal

deve

lopm

ent o

f gov

ernm

ent s

taff.

•Ne

ed to

impr

ove t

he ev

iden

ce

base

, ens

ure t

hat d

ata c

ollec

tion

is m

ore c

ompr

ehen

sive a

nd th

at al

l go

vern

men

t dat

a rela

ted t

o peo

ple

are d

isagg

rega

ted b

y sex

.

•Le

vels

of te

chni

cal c

apac

ity fo

r ge

nder

analy

sis, g

ende

r res

pons

ive

plan

ning

, dat

a col

lectio

n, re

sear

ch

and M

&E in

Min

istry

of W

omen

, Cu

lture

and S

ocial

Dev

elopm

ent

vary

(SPC

Gen

der S

tock

take

).

•Un

der t

he Co

mm

unity

Sect

or

Plan

2016

–202

1 thr

ough

th

e Gen

der E

quali

ty Po

licy

2016

–202

0, th

e Min

istry

seek

s to

ensu

re go

vern

men

t res

pons

es

to co

mm

unity

resil

ience

, cli

mat

e cha

nge a

nd n

atur

al di

saste

r pre

pare

dnes

s tak

es in

to

cons

ider

atio

n ge

nder

equa

lity

dim

ensio

ns an

d rec

ogni

ses t

he ro

le of

wom

en in

pres

erva

tion

and u

se

of n

atur

al re

sour

ces.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- So

lom

on Is

land

s Di

men

sions

of C

limat

e Ch

ange

and

Disa

ster

Risk

Man

agem

ent (

CCDR

M) F

inan

cing

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial

Inclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Ap

prox

imat

ely SB

D 86

2m

(~US

D 11

2m) h

as be

en ac

cess

ed

from

2010

to th

e end

of 20

16.

•A

large

r por

tion

of CC

DRM

fin

ance

acce

ssed

by So

lom

on

Islan

ds w

as fr

om m

ultil

ater

al so

urce

s (54

%) i

n co

mpa

rison

to

bilat

eral

sour

ces (

46%

).

•Th

e top

bene

ficiar

y sec

tors

of CC

DRM

fina

nce a

cces

sed

over

the p

ast s

even

year

s in

clude

ener

gy, t

rans

port,

wa

ter, d

isaste

r risk

redu

ctio

n/m

anag

emen

t, ag

ricul

ture

and

food

secu

rity,

and f

ores

try.

•CC

DRM

Proj

ects:

adap

tatio

n (5

6%),

miti

gatio

n (3

3%) a

nd

DRR/

DRM

(11%

).

•Off

-bud

get P

rojec

ts (5

7%) a

nd

On-b

udge

t (43

%).

•Ne

ed fo

r a Pr

ogra

mm

e M

anag

emen

t Uni

t to c

oord

inat

e an

d mon

itor c

limat

e fina

ncin

g.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

acce

ssed

its

first

finan

ce fr

om th

is fu

nd

thro

ugh

a Wor

ld B

ank s

uppo

rted

prop

osal

for t

he Ti

na R

iver

Hydr

opow

er D

evelo

pmen

t Pr

ojec

t (TR

HDP)

.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•W

B/GE

F/LD

CF/G

FDRR

– U

SD

9.13

m, C

RISP

•GE

F/LD

CF/U

NDP/

Solo

mon

Isl

ands

Gov

ernm

ent (

SIG) –

USD

50

.5m

, SIW

SAP

•AD

B –

USD

12.0

m Pr

ovin

cial

Rene

wabl

e Ene

rgy P

rojec

t

•AF

/UND

P USD

5.5m

Enha

ncin

g re

silien

ce of

com

mun

ities

in

Solo

mon

Islan

ds to

effec

ts of

CC

in ag

ricul

ture

and f

ood s

ecur

ity.

•M

ediu

m-Te

rm D

evelo

pmen

t Pl

an: 2

016–

2020

Obj

ectiv

e Fo

ur; r

esilie

nt an

d en

viron

men

tally

susta

inab

le de

velo

pmen

t with

effec

tive

disa

ster r

isk m

anag

emen

t.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy (

NCCP

) 201

2–20

17

emph

asise

s the

nee

d for

m

ainstr

eam

ing o

f clim

ate

chan

ge th

roug

h all

leve

ls of

Go

vern

men

t.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olici

es

not w

ell de

velo

ped a

t the

pr

ovin

cial g

over

nmen

t lev

el an

d in

som

e majo

r sec

tors

and m

inist

ry co

rpor

ate

plan

s. M

ainstr

eam

ing

need

ed.

•Pr

oces

ses a

nd sy

stem

s for

re

view

of po

licies

are n

ot

well e

stabl

ished

and p

olicy

ev

aluat

ion

unit

with

in PM

O ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•Pr

oces

ses f

or m

onito

ring

and e

valu

atio

n of

polic

y im

plem

enta

tion

need

s str

engt

heni

ng.

•En

gage

men

t in

glob

al pr

oces

ses n

ot eff

ectiv

ely

com

mun

icate

d and

tra

nslat

ed in

to n

atio

nal

polic

y dev

elopm

ent.

•NC

CP do

es n

ot in

clude

sp

ecifi

c out

com

es,

targ

ets,

costi

ngs a

nd

prog

ress

indi

cato

rs,

nor d

oes i

t pro

vide a

pr

oces

s or t

imet

able

for

the a

chiev

emen

t of t

he

strat

egies

.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

Go

vern

men

t is w

orkin

g to

roll o

ut th

e CHI

CCHA

P ap

proa

ch in

all p

rovin

ces.

•A

num

ber o

f Sol

omon

Isl

ands

Gov

ernm

ent

line m

inist

ries a

re

impl

emen

ting C

CDRM

-re

lated

activ

ities

. How

ever

m

ore e

ffect

ive co

ordi

natio

n ne

eded

to re

duce

du

plica

tion.

•W

hile

a num

ber o

f CCD

RM

polic

y and

plan

ning

m

echa

nism

s are

in pl

ace,

the o

vera

rchin

g leg

al fra

mew

ork f

or th

ese i

ssue

s ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•St

reng

then

insti

tutio

nal

arra

ngem

ents

at al

l leve

ls.

•Th

e Nat

iona

l Tra

nspo

rt Fu

nd w

ithin

Min

istry

of

Infra

struc

ture

Dev

elopm

ent

is be

st pl

aced

to be

a po

tent

ial ca

ndid

ate f

or

NIE t

o the

GCF

, but

the

focu

s will

be sp

ecifi

c for

tra

nspo

rt.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

Com

mitt

ees h

ave b

een

esta

blish

ed in

all n

ine

prov

ince

s.

•St

reng

then

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sms a

nd re

view

of

roles

and r

espo

nsib

ilities

of

the m

ain st

akeh

olde

rs.

•Re

view

/clar

ify ro

les

and r

espo

nsib

ilities

an

d lin

kage

s bet

ween

in

stitu

tions

resp

onsib

le fo

r CC

DRM

.

•Es

tabl

ish n

atio

nal r

ound

ta

bles

as an

oppo

rtuni

ty fo

r di

alogu

e and

enga

gem

ent

with

a br

oad r

ange

of

stake

hold

ers.

•In

stitu

tiona

lise a

n ite

rativ

e M

&E pr

oces

s.

Expe

nditu

re

•De

velo

pmen

t exp

endi

ture

s sho

w

signi

fican

t com

mitm

ent o

f SIG

to

achi

evin

g its

CCDR

M ob

jectiv

es

thro

ugh

its de

velo

pmen

t spe

ndin

g.

•Es

timat

ed 5.

4% of

the

gove

rnm

ent’s

recu

rrent

budg

et

from

2010

–201

6 was

relat

ed to

m

eetin

g CCD

RM ob

jectiv

es.

•Un

der o

ne-fi

fth (1

8.8%

) of

deve

lopm

ent e

xpen

ditu

re in

the

budg

et is

relat

ed to

CCDR

M, w

ith

the n

omin

al am

ount

hav

ing g

row

n sig

nific

antly

in th

e thr

ee ye

ars

unde

r ana

lysis

from

SBD

287m

to

SBD

428m

.

•Lim

ited u

nder

stand

ing o

f the

im

porta

nce o

f tra

ckin

g clim

ate

chan

ge fi

nanc

e with

in go

vern

men

t bu

dget

.

•W

eakn

ess i

n th

e sys

tem

for

track

ing c

limat

e cha

nge i

n pu

blic

expe

nditu

re.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Cr

edib

ility o

f the

budg

et h

ad

impr

oved

som

ewha

t at a

n ag

greg

ate l

evel

with

expe

nditu

re

out-t

urn

align

ing m

ore c

lose

ly w

ith pu

blish

ed bu

dget

estim

ates

(2

012 P

EFA)

•An

estim

ated

5.4%

of th

e go

vern

men

t’s re

curre

nt bu

dget

wa

s rela

ted t

o mee

ting C

CDRM

ob

jectiv

es.

•Bu

dget

docu

men

tatio

n ha

s ex

pand

ed in

rece

nt ye

ars t

o inc

lude

m

ore d

etail

ed B

udge

t Stra

tegy

and

Outlo

ok do

cum

ent.

•Ov

erall

, the

pred

ictab

ility a

nd

cont

rol o

f the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

th

e bud

get s

till la

gs.

•Go

vern

men

t has

esta

blish

ed an

im

plem

enta

tion

unit

with

in th

e M

inist

ry of

Fina

nce &

Trea

sury

(M

oFT)

.

•CC

Polic

y com

mits

to de

velo

p the

ca

pacit

y for

CCDR

M.

•Th

e cap

acity

of th

e Clim

ate C

hang

e Di

visio

n ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

is su

fficie

ntly

capa

citat

ed at

the n

atio

nal le

vel t

o ac

cess

and m

anag

e int

erna

tiona

l CC

DRM

fina

ncin

g. Th

e key

chall

enge

is

coor

dina

ting a

nd ca

pita

lisin

g on

the C

CDRM

expe

rtise

that

sits

with

in di

ffere

nt lin

e age

ncies

.

•Th

ere h

ave b

een

rece

nt eff

orts

to

abso

rb pr

ojec

t sta

ff m

embe

rs, bu

t th

is re

main

s a ch

allen

ge.

•Lim

ited t

echn

ical e

xper

tise o

n CC

DRM

issu

es w

ithin

the p

rivat

e se

ctor

.

•No

dedi

cate

d clim

ate c

hang

e offi

cers,

exce

pt di

saste

r offi

cers,

pr

esen

t at t

he pr

ovin

cial le

vel.

•Vo

lum

e of f

unds

avail

able

for

proj

ect i

mpl

emen

tatio

n ex

ceed

s na

tiona

l cap

acity

to im

plem

ent.

•Se

ek do

nor s

uppo

rt fo

r cap

acity

su

pplem

enta

tion

in ar

ea CC

DRM

.

•Al

l CCD

RM pr

ojec

ts ac

cess

ed m

ust

have

an em

bedd

ed co

mpo

nent

re

lated

to ca

pacit

y dev

elopm

ent

and t

rans

fer o

f kno

wled

ge.

•St

reng

then

enga

gem

ent w

ith N

GOs

and c

apita

lise o

n th

eir pr

esen

ce

and e

xper

ience

of w

orkin

g with

co

mm

uniti

es.

•Co

nsid

er in

clusio

n of

office

rs fro

m

MoF

T, So

lom

on Is

lands

Cham

ber

of Co

mm

erce

and I

ndus

try (S

ICCI)

and c

ivil s

ociet

y in

regi

onal

and

inte

rnat

iona

l CCD

RM m

eetin

gs (e

.g.

the U

NFCC

C COP

neg

otiat

ions

).

•Ex

plor

e a h

uman

capa

city

deve

lopm

ent r

oad m

ap fo

r CCD

RM

to pl

an fo

r abs

orpt

ion

of tr

ained

ex

perti

se at

the e

nd of

proj

ect

timeli

nes.

•CE

WG

is th

e prim

ary p

latfo

rm fo

r po

licy d

ialog

ue on

fina

ncial

and

econ

omic

refo

rm be

twee

n do

nors

and t

he SI

G.

•CE

WG

prov

ides

a fo

rum

for

coor

dina

tion

of bu

dget

supp

ort,

perfo

rman

ce-li

nked

aid a

nd re

lated

te

chni

cal a

ssist

ance

.

•M

any d

onor

-fund

ed an

d reg

iona

lly

impl

emen

ted c

limat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts ar

e not

appr

opria

tely

track

ed or

m

onito

red.

•Al

ignm

ent a

nd h

arm

onisa

tion

– gr

eate

r coo

rdin

atio

n bet

ween

diffe

rent

ac

tors

in cl

imat

e cha

nge i

s nee

ded.

•Do

nors

pres

ent i

n So

lom

on Is

lands

ha

ve an

activ

e don

or-to

-don

or

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sm th

at m

eets

on a

mon

thly

basis

. Thi

s is s

uppo

rted

by th

emat

ic gr

oups

that

mee

t mor

e re

gular

ly.

•M

DPAC

has

prov

ided

som

e gui

delin

es

in th

e Par

tner

ship

for E

ffect

ive

Deve

lopm

ent C

oope

ratio

n Fr

amew

ork,

for m

issio

ns by

exte

rnal

parti

es.

•So

me d

evelo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce is

still

no

t rep

orte

d to t

he A

id Co

ordi

natio

n Di

visio

n.

•Th

e gov

ernm

ent s

ets a

nnua

l ta

rget

s to m

ainta

in an

over

sight

of

the c

omm

itmen

ts un

der t

he

Partn

ersh

ip fo

r Effe

ctive

Dev

elopm

ent

Coop

erat

ion.

•De

velo

p a na

tiona

l too

l and

fram

ewor

k w

ith cl

ear i

ndica

tors

for e

valu

atin

g im

pact

s of c

limat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts.

•Co

nsid

er jo

int m

issio

ns to

redu

ce

dupl

icatio

n an

d tak

ing u

p too

muc

h tim

e of s

taff

mem

bers.

•Co

ntin

ue to

advo

cate

for d

onor

s to

deve

lop a

stan

dard

ised r

epor

ting

tem

plat

e.

•Te

chni

cal c

apac

ity

of W

omen

’s De

velo

pmen

t Divi

sion

(WDD

) and

Gen

der

Equa

lity a

nd W

omen

’s De

velo

pmen

t (GE

WD

– na

tiona

l pol

icy).

•Th

e Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy h

ighl

ight

s th

e im

porta

nce o

f ge

nder

equi

ty an

d in

volve

men

t of

vuln

erab

le gr

oups

–

Guid

ing P

rincip

le 1.

6:

Gend

er eq

uity

and

invo

lvem

ent o

f you

th,

child

ren

and p

eopl

e w

ith sp

ecial

nee

ds.

•To

ols d

evelo

pmen

t is

need

ed to

assis

t GS

I dep

artm

ents

to in

corp

orat

e GSI

cons

ider

atio

ns in

po

licies

and p

lans.

•GS

I disa

ggre

gate

d da

ta –

gend

er, ag

e, di

sabi

lity,

etc.

•M

ainstr

eam

ing o

f GSI

into

deve

lopm

ent

plan

ning

at n

atio

nal

sect

oral

and c

orpo

rate

pl

anni

ng le

vels.

•St

reng

then

capa

city

of G

SI-re

levan

t de

partm

ents

to

deal

with

GSI

issue

s es

pecia

lly in

relat

ion

to CC

DRM

.

•Im

prov

e GSI-

relev

ant d

ata

colle

ctio

n th

roug

h str

engt

heni

ng of

SI

Natio

nal S

tatis

tics

Office

(SIN

SO).


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- So

lom

on Is

land

s Di

men

sions

of C

limat

e Ch

ange

and

Disa

ster

Risk

Man

agem

ent (

CCDR

M) F

inan

cing

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent

(PFM

) and

Expe

nditu

reHu

man

Capa

city

Deve

lopm

ent E

ffect

iven

ess

Gend

er a

nd So

cial

Inclu

sion

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Ap

prox

imat

ely SB

D 86

2m

(~US

D 11

2m) h

as be

en ac

cess

ed

from

2010

to th

e end

of 20

16.

•A

large

r por

tion

of CC

DRM

fin

ance

acce

ssed

by So

lom

on

Islan

ds w

as fr

om m

ultil

ater

al so

urce

s (54

%) i

n co

mpa

rison

to

bilat

eral

sour

ces (

46%

).

•Th

e top

bene

ficiar

y sec

tors

of CC

DRM

fina

nce a

cces

sed

over

the p

ast s

even

year

s in

clude

ener

gy, t

rans

port,

wa

ter, d

isaste

r risk

redu

ctio

n/m

anag

emen

t, ag

ricul

ture

and

food

secu

rity,

and f

ores

try.

•CC

DRM

Proj

ects:

adap

tatio

n (5

6%),

miti

gatio

n (3

3%) a

nd

DRR/

DRM

(11%

).

•Off

-bud

get P

rojec

ts (5

7%) a

nd

On-b

udge

t (43

%).

•Ne

ed fo

r a Pr

ogra

mm

e M

anag

emen

t Uni

t to c

oord

inat

e an

d mon

itor c

limat

e fina

ncin

g.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

acce

ssed

its

first

finan

ce fr

om th

is fu

nd

thro

ugh

a Wor

ld B

ank s

uppo

rted

prop

osal

for t

he Ti

na R

iver

Hydr

opow

er D

evelo

pmen

t Pr

ojec

t (TR

HDP)

.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•W

B/GE

F/LD

CF/G

FDRR

– U

SD

9.13

m, C

RISP

•GE

F/LD

CF/U

NDP/

Solo

mon

Isl

ands

Gov

ernm

ent (

SIG) –

USD

50

.5m

, SIW

SAP

•AD

B –

USD

12.0

m Pr

ovin

cial

Rene

wabl

e Ene

rgy P

rojec

t

•AF

/UND

P USD

5.5m

Enha

ncin

g re

silien

ce of

com

mun

ities

in

Solo

mon

Islan

ds to

effec

ts of

CC

in ag

ricul

ture

and f

ood s

ecur

ity.

•M

ediu

m-Te

rm D

evelo

pmen

t Pl

an: 2

016–

2020

Obj

ectiv

e Fo

ur; r

esilie

nt an

d en

viron

men

tally

susta

inab

le de

velo

pmen

t with

effec

tive

disa

ster r

isk m

anag

emen

t.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy (

NCCP

) 201

2–20

17

emph

asise

s the

nee

d for

m

ainstr

eam

ing o

f clim

ate

chan

ge th

roug

h all

leve

ls of

Go

vern

men

t.

•Cl

imat

e cha

nge p

olici

es

not w

ell de

velo

ped a

t the

pr

ovin

cial g

over

nmen

t lev

el an

d in

som

e majo

r sec

tors

and m

inist

ry co

rpor

ate

plan

s. M

ainstr

eam

ing

need

ed.

•Pr

oces

ses a

nd sy

stem

s for

re

view

of po

licies

are n

ot

well e

stabl

ished

and p

olicy

ev

aluat

ion

unit

with

in PM

O ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•Pr

oces

ses f

or m

onito

ring

and e

valu

atio

n of

polic

y im

plem

enta

tion

need

s str

engt

heni

ng.

•En

gage

men

t in

glob

al pr

oces

ses n

ot eff

ectiv

ely

com

mun

icate

d and

tra

nslat

ed in

to n

atio

nal

polic

y dev

elopm

ent.

•NC

CP do

es n

ot in

clude

sp

ecifi

c out

com

es,

targ

ets,

costi

ngs a

nd

prog

ress

indi

cato

rs,

nor d

oes i

t pro

vide a

pr

oces

s or t

imet

able

for

the a

chiev

emen

t of t

he

strat

egies

.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

Go

vern

men

t is w

orkin

g to

roll o

ut th

e CHI

CCHA

P ap

proa

ch in

all p

rovin

ces.

•A

num

ber o

f Sol

omon

Isl

ands

Gov

ernm

ent

line m

inist

ries a

re

impl

emen

ting C

CDRM

-re

lated

activ

ities

. How

ever

m

ore e

ffect

ive co

ordi

natio

n ne

eded

to re

duce

du

plica

tion.

•W

hile

a num

ber o

f CCD

RM

polic

y and

plan

ning

m

echa

nism

s are

in pl

ace,

the o

vera

rchin

g leg

al fra

mew

ork f

or th

ese i

ssue

s ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•St

reng

then

insti

tutio

nal

arra

ngem

ents

at al

l leve

ls.

•Th

e Nat

iona

l Tra

nspo

rt Fu

nd w

ithin

Min

istry

of

Infra

struc

ture

Dev

elopm

ent

is be

st pl

aced

to be

a po

tent

ial ca

ndid

ate f

or

NIE t

o the

GCF

, but

the

focu

s will

be sp

ecifi

c for

tra

nspo

rt.

•Cl

imat

e Cha

nge

Com

mitt

ees h

ave b

een

esta

blish

ed in

all n

ine

prov

ince

s.

•St

reng

then

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sms a

nd re

view

of

roles

and r

espo

nsib

ilities

of

the m

ain st

akeh

olde

rs.

•Re

view

/clar

ify ro

les

and r

espo

nsib

ilities

an

d lin

kage

s bet

ween

in

stitu

tions

resp

onsib

le fo

r CC

DRM

.

•Es

tabl

ish n

atio

nal r

ound

ta

bles

as an

oppo

rtuni

ty fo

r di

alogu

e and

enga

gem

ent

with

a br

oad r

ange

of

stake

hold

ers.

•In

stitu

tiona

lise a

n ite

rativ

e M

&E pr

oces

s.

Expe

nditu

re

•De

velo

pmen

t exp

endi

ture

s sho

w

signi

fican

t com

mitm

ent o

f SIG

to

achi

evin

g its

CCDR

M ob

jectiv

es

thro

ugh

its de

velo

pmen

t spe

ndin

g.

•Es

timat

ed 5.

4% of

the

gove

rnm

ent’s

recu

rrent

budg

et

from

2010

–201

6 was

relat

ed to

m

eetin

g CCD

RM ob

jectiv

es.

•Un

der o

ne-fi

fth (1

8.8%

) of

deve

lopm

ent e

xpen

ditu

re in

the

budg

et is

relat

ed to

CCDR

M, w

ith

the n

omin

al am

ount

hav

ing g

row

n sig

nific

antly

in th

e thr

ee ye

ars

unde

r ana

lysis

from

SBD

287m

to

SBD

428m

.

•Lim

ited u

nder

stand

ing o

f the

im

porta

nce o

f tra

ckin

g clim

ate

chan

ge fi

nanc

e with

in go

vern

men

t bu

dget

.

•W

eakn

ess i

n th

e sys

tem

for

track

ing c

limat

e cha

nge i

n pu

blic

expe

nditu

re.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•Cr

edib

ility o

f the

budg

et h

ad

impr

oved

som

ewha

t at a

n ag

greg

ate l

evel

with

expe

nditu

re

out-t

urn

align

ing m

ore c

lose

ly w

ith pu

blish

ed bu

dget

estim

ates

(2

012 P

EFA)

•An

estim

ated

5.4%

of th

e go

vern

men

t’s re

curre

nt bu

dget

wa

s rela

ted t

o mee

ting C

CDRM

ob

jectiv

es.

•Bu

dget

docu

men

tatio

n ha

s ex

pand

ed in

rece

nt ye

ars t

o inc

lude

m

ore d

etail

ed B

udge

t Stra

tegy

and

Outlo

ok do

cum

ent.

•Ov

erall

, the

pred

ictab

ility a

nd

cont

rol o

f the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

th

e bud

get s

till la

gs.

•Go

vern

men

t has

esta

blish

ed an

im

plem

enta

tion

unit

with

in th

e M

inist

ry of

Fina

nce &

Trea

sury

(M

oFT)

.

•CC

Polic

y com

mits

to de

velo

p the

ca

pacit

y for

CCDR

M.

•Th

e cap

acity

of th

e Clim

ate C

hang

e Di

visio

n ne

eds s

treng

then

ing.

•So

lom

on Is

lands

is su

fficie

ntly

capa

citat

ed at

the n

atio

nal le

vel t

o ac

cess

and m

anag

e int

erna

tiona

l CC

DRM

fina

ncin

g. Th

e key

chall

enge

is

coor

dina

ting a

nd ca

pita

lisin

g on

the C

CDRM

expe

rtise

that

sits

with

in di

ffere

nt lin

e age

ncies

.

•Th

ere h

ave b

een

rece

nt eff

orts

to

abso

rb pr

ojec

t sta

ff m

embe

rs, bu

t th

is re

main

s a ch

allen

ge.

•Lim

ited t

echn

ical e

xper

tise o

n CC

DRM

issu

es w

ithin

the p

rivat

e se

ctor

.

•No

dedi

cate

d clim

ate c

hang

e offi

cers,

exce

pt di

saste

r offi

cers,

pr

esen

t at t

he pr

ovin

cial le

vel.

•Vo

lum

e of f

unds

avail

able

for

proj

ect i

mpl

emen

tatio

n ex

ceed

s na

tiona

l cap

acity

to im

plem

ent.

•Se

ek do

nor s

uppo

rt fo

r cap

acity

su

pplem

enta

tion

in ar

ea CC

DRM

.

•Al

l CCD

RM pr

ojec

ts ac

cess

ed m

ust

have

an em

bedd

ed co

mpo

nent

re

lated

to ca

pacit

y dev

elopm

ent

and t

rans

fer o

f kno

wled

ge.

•St

reng

then

enga

gem

ent w

ith N

GOs

and c

apita

lise o

n th

eir pr

esen

ce

and e

xper

ience

of w

orkin

g with

co

mm

uniti

es.

•Co

nsid

er in

clusio

n of

office

rs fro

m

MoF

T, So

lom

on Is

lands

Cham

ber

of Co

mm

erce

and I

ndus

try (S

ICCI)

and c

ivil s

ociet

y in

regi

onal

and

inte

rnat

iona

l CCD

RM m

eetin

gs (e

.g.

the U

NFCC

C COP

neg

otiat

ions

).

•Ex

plor

e a h

uman

capa

city

deve

lopm

ent r

oad m

ap fo

r CCD

RM

to pl

an fo

r abs

orpt

ion

of tr

ained

ex

perti

se at

the e

nd of

proj

ect

timeli

nes.

•CE

WG

is th

e prim

ary p

latfo

rm fo

r po

licy d

ialog

ue on

fina

ncial

and

econ

omic

refo

rm be

twee

n do

nors

and t

he SI

G.

•CE

WG

prov

ides

a fo

rum

for

coor

dina

tion

of bu

dget

supp

ort,

perfo

rman

ce-li

nked

aid a

nd re

lated

te

chni

cal a

ssist

ance

.

•M

any d

onor

-fund

ed an

d reg

iona

lly

impl

emen

ted c

limat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts ar

e not

appr

opria

tely

track

ed or

m

onito

red.

•Al

ignm

ent a

nd h

arm

onisa

tion

– gr

eate

r coo

rdin

atio

n bet

ween

diffe

rent

ac

tors

in cl

imat

e cha

nge i

s nee

ded.

•Do

nors

pres

ent i

n So

lom

on Is

lands

ha

ve an

activ

e don

or-to

-don

or

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sm th

at m

eets

on a

mon

thly

basis

. Thi

s is s

uppo

rted

by th

emat

ic gr

oups

that

mee

t mor

e re

gular

ly.

•M

DPAC

has

prov

ided

som

e gui

delin

es

in th

e Par

tner

ship

for E

ffect

ive

Deve

lopm

ent C

oope

ratio

n Fr

amew

ork,

for m

issio

ns by

exte

rnal

parti

es.

•So

me d

evelo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce is

still

no

t rep

orte

d to t

he A

id Co

ordi

natio

n Di

visio

n.

•Th

e gov

ernm

ent s

ets a

nnua

l ta

rget

s to m

ainta

in an

over

sight

of

the c

omm

itmen

ts un

der t

he

Partn

ersh

ip fo

r Effe

ctive

Dev

elopm

ent

Coop

erat

ion.

•De

velo

p a na

tiona

l too

l and

fram

ewor

k w

ith cl

ear i

ndica

tors

for e

valu

atin

g im

pact

s of c

limat

e cha

nge p

rojec

ts.

•Co

nsid

er jo

int m

issio

ns to

redu

ce

dupl

icatio

n an

d tak

ing u

p too

muc

h tim

e of s

taff

mem

bers.

•Co

ntin

ue to

advo

cate

for d

onor

s to

deve

lop a

stan

dard

ised r

epor

ting

tem

plat

e.

•Te

chni

cal c

apac

ity

of W

omen

’s De

velo

pmen

t Divi

sion

(WDD

) and

Gen

der

Equa

lity a

nd W

omen

’s De

velo

pmen

t (GE

WD

– na

tiona

l pol

icy).

•Th

e Clim

ate C

hang

e Po

licy h

ighl

ight

s th

e im

porta

nce o

f ge

nder

equi

ty an

d in

volve

men

t of

vuln

erab

le gr

oups

–

Guid

ing P

rincip

le 1.

6:

Gend

er eq

uity

and

invo

lvem

ent o

f you

th,

child

ren

and p

eopl

e w

ith sp

ecial

nee

ds.

•To

ols d

evelo

pmen

t is

need

ed to

assis

t GS

I dep

artm

ents

to in

corp

orat

e GSI

cons

ider

atio

ns in

po

licies

and p

lans.

•GS

I disa

ggre

gate

d da

ta –

gend

er, ag

e, di

sabi

lity,

etc.

•M

ainstr

eam

ing o

f GSI

into

deve

lopm

ent

plan

ning

at n

atio

nal

sect

oral

and c

orpo

rate

pl

anni

ng le

vels.

•St

reng

then

capa

city

of G

SI-re

levan

t de

partm

ents

to

deal

with

GSI

issue

s es

pecia

lly in

relat

ion

to CC

DRM

.

•Im

prov

e GSI-

relev

ant d

ata

colle

ctio

n th

roug

h str

engt

heni

ng of

SI

Natio

nal S

tatis

tics

Office

(SIN

SO).

Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- To

nga

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

ns

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•W

orld

Ban

k/ID

A, A

DB/A

DF/

SCF,

Austr

alia,

New

Zeala

nd, E

U,

Japa

n, G

EF.

•M

ultil

ater

al so

urce

s pro

vided

just

over

50%

of CC

DRM

fund

s with

bi

later

al so

urce

s pro

vidin

g ove

r 40

% w

ith a

small

amou

nt co

min

g fro

m re

gion

al fu

nds.

•31

% of

deve

lopm

ent a

ssist

ance

re

ceive

d in

2012

/13 a

nd 20

13/1

4 is

relat

ed to

achi

evin

g CCD

RM

objec

tives

.

•To

tal d

evelo

pmen

t ass

istan

ce

addr

essin

g CCD

RM ob

jectiv

es in

20

13/1

4 was

appr

oxim

ately

TOP

37m

(USD

18.5

m).

•A

key c

limat

e fina

ncin

g opt

ion

bein

g im

plem

ente

d is t

he To

nga

Clim

ate C

hang

e Tru

st Fu

nd (C

CTF)

.

Maj

or P

roje

cts

•W

B/SC

CF/G

FDRR

/GEF

– U

SD

16.8

m To

nga P

acifi

c Res

ilienc

e Pr

ogra

m (P

REP)

•AD

B/CI

F/SC

F – U

SD 23

.1m

Clim

ate

Resil

ience

Sect

or Pr

ojec

t (CR

SP)

•Au

strali

a/AD

B –

USD

6.8m

Out

er

Islan

d Ren

ewab

le En

ergy

Proj

ect

•GE

F/UN

DP/U

NEP/

ADB/

WB

– US

D 7.

7m, R

idge

-to-R

eef (

R2R)

In

tegr

ated

Land

and A

gro-

ecos

yste

m M

anag

emen

t Sys

tem

s.

•Im

plem

enta

tion

of To

nga C

limat

e Ch

ange

Polic

y 201

6 – A

Res

ilient

To

nga b

y 203

5.

•To

nga S

trate

gic D

evelo

pmen

t Fr

amew

ork (

TSDF

II) ra

ises p

riorit

y of

CCDR

M as

nat

iona

l pol

icy is

sue.

•TS

DF II

appr

oval

prov

ides

an

oppo

rtuni

ty to

enha

nce C

CDRM

in

tegr

atio

n in

to po

licies

and

sect

or pl

ans w

ith st

rong

corp

orat

e pl

anni

ng pr

oces

s.

•To

nga h

as ta

ken

an ex

trem

ely

proa

ctive

stan

ce to

rene

wabl

e en

ergy

.

•Pl

anne

d rev

ision

of th

e Nat

iona

l Em

erge

ncy M

anag

emen

t Plan

an

d ref

orm

s to c

luste

r sys

tem

for

emer

genc

y pre

pare

dnes

s and

re

spon

se pr

ovid

es an

oppo

rtuni

ty

for h

arm

onisa

tion

with

plan

ned

clim

ate c

hang

e pol

icy an

d plan

ning

re

form

.

•En

cour

agin

g ini

tiativ

es fo

r m

ainstr

eam

ing C

CDRM

.

•Di

ffere

nt CS

O an

d NGO

grou

ps

resp

onsib

le fo

r CCD

RM pl

ans a

t pr

ovin

cial, d

istric

t and

villa

ge le

vels.

•En

sure

coor

dina

ted a

nd h

arm

onise

d po

licy r

efor

m pr

oces

s for

the

upda

tes t

o the

suite

of CC

DRM

po

licies

and p

lans.

•St

reng

then

partn

ersh

ips a

nd

cond

uct b

i-ann

ual C

CDRM

initi

ative

s at

all le

vels.

•Ex

tend

man

date

s of e

xistin

g dist

rict

and v

illag

e disa

ster m

anag

emen

t co

mm

ittee

s to i

nclu

de cl

imat

e ch

ange

adap

tatio

n.

•CC

DRM

has

not

been

in

tegr

ated

into

polic

ies,

plan

ning

and i

nstit

utio

nal

arra

ngem

ents

of ke

y se

ctor

al m

inist

ries w

ith

clear

CCDR

M m

anda

te.

•La

ck of

a fu

nctio

nal

coor

dina

tion

plat

form

for

all se

ctor

s and

partn

ers

work

ing i

n CC

DRM

.

•To

o man

y com

mitt

ees w

ith

over

lappi

ng ro

les m

akin

g co

ordi

natio

n in

effec

tive

and i

neffi

cient

.

•Fo

cal p

oint

in M

inist

ry

of Fi

nanc

e and

Nat

iona

l Pl

anni

ng (M

FNP)

to

man

age C

CDRM

fina

nce

Issue

s and

inte

ract

ion

with

office

s res

pons

ible

for

CCDR

M (D

oE an

d NEM

O).

•CS

O/NG

O an

d priv

ate

sect

or do

n’t re

ally e

ngag

e en

ough

on cl

imat

e cha

nge

activ

ities

.

•Di

ffere

nt pl

anni

ng

proc

esse

s at d

iffer

ent

levels

of go

vern

men

t ad

min

istra

tion

with

limite

d in

terli

nkag

es.

•En

hanc

e coo

rdin

atio

n an

d en

gage

men

t with

loca

l go

vern

men

t, NG

Os, p

rivat

e se

ctor

and c

omm

uniti

es

to pr

omot

e gre

ater

loca

l ow

nersh

ip of

the C

CDRM

ag

enda

.

Expe

nditu

re

•Th

e majo

rity o

f ass

istan

ce

is be

ing d

irect

ed to

ad

dres

sing a

dapt

atio

n ac

tiviti

es, t

houg

h sig

nific

ant a

mou

nts

are b

eing d

irect

ed to

m

itiga

tion

effor

ts.

•DR

M h

as in

creas

ed in

the

wake

of Cy

clone

Ian

as a

resu

lt of

reco

nstru

ctio

n eff

orts.

•Go

vern

men

t spe

ndin

g in

sub-

prog

ram

mes

, we

ight

ed fo

r CCD

RM

relev

ance

, sug

gests

an

incre

asin

g (at

an

incre

men

tal r

ate)

leve

l of

spen

ding

to al

mos

t 9.0

%

of th

e tot

al bu

dget

.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent

•St

eady

impr

ovem

ent i

n th

e qua

lity o

f Ton

ga’s P

FM

syste

ms (

PEFA

).

•Go

T’s ab

ility t

o ach

ieve

dire

ct ac

cess

to th

e AF

and G

CF w

ill be

rein

force

d by

PFM

refo

rm eff

orts.

•PM

F pro

cedu

res

allow

for t

he us

e of

budg

et re

alloc

atio

ns,

cont

inge

ncy f

unds

and

simpl

ified

proc

urem

ent

proc

edur

es.

•Ad

opt a

codi

ng sy

stem

fo

r tra

ckin

g CCD

RM

expe

nditu

re.

•Lim

ited o

r no s

taff

in

min

istrie

s/ag

encie

s to

effec

tively

disc

harg

e CC

DRM

resp

onsib

ilities

.

•Te

chni

cal c

apac

ity w

ithin

th

e cou

ntry

curre

ntly

work

ing o

n di

ffere

nt

proj

ects

fund

ed by

de

velo

pmen

t par

tner

s are

no

t ret

ained

, res

ultin

g in

signi

fican

t sta

ff tu

rnov

er.

•No

syste

mat

ic tra

inin

g-ne

eds a

sses

smen

t for

CC

DRM

sect

or le

d by

Min

istry

of M

eteo

rolo

gy,

Ener

gy, In

form

atio

n,

Disa

ster M

anag

emen

t, Cl

imat

e Cha

nge a

nd

Com

mun

icatio

ns

(MEID

ECC)

has

been

un

derta

ken

since

2004

.

•Id

entif

y way

s to I

ncre

ase

staff

alloc

atio

n to

CCDR

M

agen

cies;

and i

mpr

ove

their

capa

city t

o han

dle

CCDR

M is

sues

.

•Re

tain

tech

nica

l pro

ject

staff

capa

city w

ithin

th

e cou

ntry

curre

ntly

on

CCDR

M pr

ojec

ts.

•Un

derta

ke sy

stem

atic

train

ing-

need

s ass

essm

ent

for C

CDRM

led b

y MEID

ECC.

•De

velo

p plan

to im

prov

e CC

DRM

tech

nica

l cap

acity

.

•Or

gani

se tr

ainin

g pr

ogra

mm

es on

CCDR

M

acro

ss al

l line

min

istrie

s.

•Go

vern

men

t has

trac

k rec

ord

of ta

king c

ontro

l of t

he CC

DRM

de

velo

pmen

t age

nda d

emon

strat

ed

by:

o JN

AP im

plem

enta

tion

o Pa

rliam

ent S

tand

ing C

omm

ittee

on

CCDR

M,

o M

inist

ry m

ergi

ng CC

DRM

ag

encie

s

o in

tegr

atin

g CCD

RM in

to th

e re

vised

Nat

iona

l Pol

icy on

Gen

der

and D

evelo

pmen

t

o im

plem

entin

g the

Tong

a Ene

rgy

Road

Map

.

•St

rong

cent

ral v

iew of

CCDR

M

agen

da, b

ut on

ly we

ak lin

ks be

twee

n ke

y lin

e min

istrie

s, th

e com

mun

ity

and c

ivil s

ociet

y.

•Bu

dget

Supp

ort M

echa

nism

and

Join

t Pol

icy R

efor

m M

atrix

and T

onga

En

ergy

Roa

d Map

are e

xam

ples

of

alig

nmen

t of g

over

nmen

t and

de

velo

pmen

t par

tner

prio

rities

.

•Ha

rmon

isatio

n is

still h

ampe

red b

y de

velo

pmen

t par

tner

requ

irem

ents

leadi

ng to

the u

se of

para

llel s

yste

ms

for p

rojec

t im

plem

enta

tion.

•Tra

ckin

g the

impa

ct of

the

deve

lopm

ent a

nd CC

DRM

activ

ities

is

weak

.

•Up

date

Aid

Man

agem

ent P

olicy

in

cons

ulta

tion

with

deve

lopm

ent

partn

ers t

o sta

ndar

dise

d gov

ernm

ent

repo

rting

tem

plat

e for

all a

ctivi

ty

inclu

ding

CCDR

M ac

tiviti

es.

•De

velo

p a si

mpl

e M&E

mat

rix an

d re

porti

ng fr

amew

ork/

tem

plat

e for

aid

and C

CDRM

activ

ities

.

•Co

nsid

er es

tabl

ishin

g an

appr

opria

te

coor

dina

tion

mec

hani

sm.

•St

rong

trad

ition

s of c

onsu

ltativ

e an

d com

mun

ity-d

riven

de

cisio

n m

akin

g, an

d con

duciv

e en

viron

men

t for

stre

ngth

enin

g pr

actic

e on

gend

er an

d soc

ial

inclu

sion;

how

ever,

gend

er

main

strea

min

g in

corp

orat

e pl

ans i

s low

.

•No

t in

a stro

ng po

sitio

n to

re

spon

d to g

ende

r and

socia

l in

clusio

n re

quire

men

ts of

the

main

clim

ate f

unds

.

•Civ

il Soc

iety O

rgan

isatio

ns

(CSO

s), n

ongo

vern

men

tal

orga

nisa

tions

(NGO

s) an

d lin

e m

inist

ries,

do n

ot co

ordi

nate

ac

tiviti

es, s

hare

data

or

coop

erat

e on

alloc

atin

g prio

rity

task

s on

GSI m

ainstr

eam

ing

and C

CDRM

.

•Da

ta ar

e col

lecte

d by

gove

rnm

ent a

genc

ies an

d NGO

s on

CCDR

M. H

owev

er, th

ere

is no

syste

m to

ensu

re th

at

data

are a

nalys

ed an

d use

d to

unde

rstan

d bro

ader

tren

ds.

•In

clude

MIA

, (Di

visio

ns of

Di

sabi

lity,

Wom

en’s A

ffairs

, Yo

uth

Affair

s and

Loca

l Go

vern

men

t), in

the r

evise

d JN

AP st

ruct

ure.

•JN

AP N

GO pl

atfo

rm sh

ould

lin

k with

exist

ing s

yste

ms f

or

coor

dina

ting G

SI m

ainstr

eam

ing

in To

nga.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Tu

valu

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) an

d Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a (DF

AT),

NZAI

D, R

OC/

Taiw

an, E

U (P

rojec

ts), G

EF-U

NDP

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

abso

rptiv

e ca

pacit

y with

in D

oE an

d MFE

D to

ac

cess

and u

tilise

fund

s.

•Go

vern

men

t pol

icy is

to w

ork

towa

rds N

IE sta

tus t

o coo

rdin

ate

and a

cces

s fun

ding

for a

dapt

atio

n an

d disa

ster r

isk m

anag

emen

t.

•Th

ere i

s a ri

gidn

ess o

f fun

ding

ac

cess

ibilit

y con

ditio

ns fo

r CC

finan

ce.

•Un

derta

ke a

Clim

ate F

inan

ce

Asse

ssm

ent -

PCCF

AF/C

PEIR

in

2016

inclu

ding

asse

ssm

ent o

f ab

ility t

o ach

ieve N

IE sta

tus.

•Ca

pita

lisat

ion

and

oper

atio

nalis

atio

n of

the T

uvalu

Su

rviva

l Fun

d (TS

F).

Exam

ples

of M

ajor

Pro

ject

s

•GE

F/LD

CF/U

NDP -

US$

6.5m

In

creas

ing R

esilie

nce o

f Co

asta

l Are

as an

d Com

mun

ity

Settl

emen

ts to

Clim

ate C

hang

e

•EU

GCC

A:PS

IS -

Euro

0.5m

Im

prov

ing A

gro-

fore

stry S

yste

ms

to En

hanc

e Foo

d Sec

urity

and

Build

Res

ilienc

e to C

limat

e Ch

ange

in Tu

valu

•GC

F/UN

DP - T

uvalu

Coas

tal

Adap

tatio

n Pr

ojec

t: US

$38.

9m

•Th

e ove

rridi

ng pl

anni

ng

docu

men

t is T

e Kak

eega

III

– N

atio

nal S

trate

gy

for S

usta

inab

le De

velo

pmen

t 201

6-20

20

– w

ith h

igh

visib

ility o

f CC

DRM

.

•De

spite

the e

xiste

nce o

f th

e Te K

aniva

– N

atio

nal

Clim

ate C

hang

e Pol

icy

and t

he N

atio

nal

Stra

tegi

c Act

ion

Plan

fo

r CCD

RM 20

12–2

01,

CC pr

iorit

ies ar

e not

cle

arly

refle

cted

in ot

her

sect

oral

plan

s.

•Co

mm

unica

tions

with

isl

and c

omm

uniti

es on

CC

DRM

very

limite

d due

to

com

mun

icatio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt co

nstra

ints.

Th

is lea

ds to

nee

d fo

r mor

e awa

rene

ss

work

shop

s for

all

relev

ant s

take

hold

ers.

•ISP

(Isla

nd St

rate

gic

Plan

s) ne

ed to

refle

ct

CCDR

M is

sues

and

Falek

aupu

le Ac

t.

•M

ainstr

eam

CCDR

M

cons

ider

atio

ns in

to

min

istry

and s

ecto

ral

plan

s.

•M

ainstr

eam

ing o

f CC

DRM

into

Islan

d De

velo

pmen

t Plan

s.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Ad

visor

y Com

mitt

ee

(NCC

AC) a

nd th

e NDC

m

erge

d und

er N

SAP

Coor

dina

ting C

omm

ittee

bu

t the

re is

wea

k co

ordi

natio

n be

twee

n ag

encie

s inv

olve

d in

CCDR

M.

•Ca

pacit

y of t

he D

oE lim

its

the e

ffect

ivene

ss of

co

ordi

natio

n w

ith ch

ain

of co

mm

and n

ot al

ways

cle

ar.

•M

FED

need

s to h

ave

grea

ter i

nvol

vem

ent i

n CC

DRM

polic

y for

mul

atio

n an

d im

plem

enta

tion

to en

sure

appr

opria

te

linka

ges t

o stre

ngth

en

abilit

y to s

ource

CCDR

M

finan

ce.

•Re

gular

mee

tings

of

the N

SAP C

oord

inat

ing

Com

mitt

ee to

ensu

re

over

all CC

DRM

polic

y co

ordi

natio

n.

•St

reng

then

coor

dina

tion

betw

een

Depa

rtmen

t of

Envir

onm

ent a

nd Pl

anni

ng

and B

udge

t Dep

artm

ent

(PBD

) with

in M

FED.

•Re

cogn

ising

the n

eed t

o im

prov

e its

PFM

Sy

stem

, und

erto

ok PE

FA an

d cre

ated

PF

M R

oadm

ap.

•Go

vern

men

t cha

rt of

acco

unts

does

not

ca

ptur

e rela

ted C

C act

ivitie

s but

also

no

t effe

ctive

in tr

ackin

g dev

elopm

ent

activ

ities

with

limite

d alig

nmen

t be

twee

n bu

dget

and T

e Kak

eega

III.

•Ac

hiev

emen

t of N

IE sta

tus l

ikely

to be

a lo

nger

-term

goal

thou

gh im

plem

entin

g PF

M R

oadm

ap w

ill h

elp m

ove t

owar

ds

this

state

d goa

l.

•M

FED,

PBD

and A

id M

onito

ring U

nit

(AM

U) h

ave l

imite

d cap

acity

to h

andl

e an

d acc

ount

for l

arge

amou

nts o

f CC

DRM

.

•W

ork o

n im

prov

ing p

rocu

rem

ent

syste

ms y

ieldi

ng lim

ited r

esul

ts du

e to

capa

city c

onstr

aints.

•Tu

valu

Trus

t Fun

d (TT

F) an

d Fale

kaup

ule

(Out

er Is

lands

) Tru

st Fu

nd (F

TF)

expe

rienc

e pre

sent

s opp

ortu

nitie

s to u

se

this

mod

ality

to de

liver

CCDR

M fi

nanc

e th

roug

h th

e new

TSF.

•Ca

pita

lisat

ion

and o

pera

tiona

lisat

ion

of th

e TSF

.

•Fu

rther

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the P

FM

Road

map

.

•M

APS A

sses

smen

t.

•De

velo

p cod

ing s

yste

ms t

o tra

ck CC

DRM

ex

pend

iture

and a

lso im

plem

enta

tion

of

Te K

akee

ga III

.

•As

sess

men

t of t

rust

fund

mod

ality

to

deliv

er CC

DRM

fina

nce g

iven

expe

rienc

e w

ith TT

F and

FTF –

to be

inclu

ded i

n CP

EIR/P

CCFA

F Ass

essm

ent.

•In

vesti

gate

budg

et su

ppor

t Pol

icy

Refo

rm M

atrix

(PRM

) as p

ossib

le m

odali

ty fo

r CCD

RM fi

nanc

e.

•Th

e cap

acity

of th

e DoE

is

limite

d in

resp

ect o

f th

e num

ber, t

urno

ver

and c

apac

ity of

staff

, th

ereb

y lim

iting

abilit

y to

impl

emen

t the

Go

vern

men

t’s CC

DRM

ag

enda

and a

cces

s fina

nce.

•CC

DRM

know

ledge

is

conc

entra

ted i

n a l

imite

d nu

mbe

r of s

taff

with

ad

equa

te te

chni

cal s

kills.

•Sim

ilarly

the k

now

ledge

an

d und

ersta

ndin

g of

CCDR

M is

sues

in ce

ntra

l and

lin

e min

istrie

s suc

h as

MFE

D is

extre

mely

limite

d.

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

capa

city-

build

ing p

rogr

amm

es to

de

velo

p the

se sk

ills a

nd

to pr

ovid

e the

advo

cacy

on

CCDR

M is

sues

to th

e co

mm

unity

.

•Bu

ild ca

pacit

y with

in D

oE

and M

FED

to ac

cess

and

utilis

e fun

ds.

•Im

plem

ent p

rogr

amm

es to

in

creas

e adv

ocac

y for

, and

un

derst

andi

ng of

, CCD

RM

issue

s thr

ough

com

mun

ity

cons

ulta

tions

, out

reac

h pr

ogra

mm

es an

d inc

lusio

n in

the e

duca

tion

curri

culu

m.

•Lim

ited d

evelo

pmen

t eff

ectiv

enes

s sin

ce

Tuva

lu ex

perie

nces

man

y vis

itors

inclu

ding

dono

r an

d con

sulta

nt de

man

ds

that

plac

e hea

vy bu

rden

on

limite

d pub

lic se

ctor

ca

pacit

y esp

ecial

ly gi

ven

Tuva

lu’s h

igh

profi

le w

ith

resp

ect t

o CCD

RM is

sues

.

•Co

mpl

exity

of de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtner

dono

rs’ pr

ojec

t te

mpl

ates

cont

ribut

es to

ad

min

istra

tive b

urde

n.

•Do

nor m

eetin

gs in

frequ

ent,

thou

gh th

ere w

as a

dono

r Hi

gh Le

vel D

ialog

ue on

TC

Pam

reco

nstru

ctio

n.

•Tu

valu

’s ove

rseas

miss

ions

ve

ry ac

tive i

n pr

omot

ing

CCDR

M is

sues

in re

gion

al an

d int

erna

tiona

l for

ums.

•La

ck of

solid

user

-frien

dly

data

base

of pr

ojec

ts lim

its

abilit

y to t

rack

ODA

impa

cts

and i

mpl

emen

t effe

ctive

M

&E fo

r Te K

akee

ga.

•Bu

dget

Supp

ort P

RM

poss

ible

mod

ality

for

CCDR

M fi

nanc

e.

•In

vest

in n

ew us

er-fr

iendl

y Ai

d Dat

abas

e.

•Im

plem

ent A

id Po

licy,

inclu

ding

putti

ng in

plac

e str

icter

polic

y on

dono

r and

co

nsul

tant

visit

s to r

educ

e ad

min

istra

tive b

urde

n.

•Te

chni

cal c

apac

ity fo

r gen

der

main

strea

min

g acro

ss go

vern

men

t is

limite

d.

•La

ck of

sex-

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a acro

ss

all se

ctor

s tha

t wou

ld co

ntrib

ute t

o th

e ide

ntifi

catio

n of

gend

er ga

ps an

d su

ppor

t the

deve

lopm

ent o

f pol

icies

an

d the

impr

ovem

ent o

f ser

vice

deliv

ery b

y the

gove

rnm

ent.

•GS

I con

sider

atio

ns ar

e not

effec

tively

m

ainstr

eam

ed in

to n

atio

nal p

olici

es

but t

his w

ill be

impo

rtant

for T

e Ka

keeg

a III (

NSDS

).

•Te

Kan

iva –

Clim

ate P

olicy

and N

SAP

ackn

owled

ge im

porta

nce o

f the

m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e in

the c

omm

unity

; ho

weve

r, lim

ited e

xper

tise f

or

prac

tical

impl

emen

tatio

n on

the

grou

nd.

•GS

I main

strea

min

g nee

ded f

or al

l se

ctor

al an

d gov

ernm

ent p

lans a

nd

the s

ucce

ssor

to Te

Kak

eega

III.

•Pr

epar

e GSI

tool

kits a

nd un

derta

ke

work

shop

s to l

ook a

t how

min

istrie

s an

d oth

er se

rvice

prov

ider

s can

eff

ectiv

ely de

liver

CCDR

M se

rvice

s to

the m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e.

•In

creas

ed pa

rticip

atio

n of

wom

en in

bu

sines

s.

•M

onito

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

co

mm

itmen

ts to

gend

er eq

ualit

y an

d wom

en’s e

mpo

werm

ent i

n th

e Na

tiona

l Stra

tegi

c Act

ion

Plan

for

Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Disa

ster R

isk

Man

agem

ent.

•Ne

ed fo

r fur

ther

analy

sis on

the d

ata

colle

cted

and t

heir

use t

o fur

ther

in

form

clim

ate c

hang

e ada

ptat

ion

proj

ects.


Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

- Tu

valu

Dim

ensio

ns o

f Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isast

er R

isk M

anag

emen

t ( CC

DRM

) Fin

ancin

g

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

nsPu

blic

Fina

ncia

l Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) an

d Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a (DF

AT),

NZAI

D, R

OC/

Taiw

an, E

U (P

rojec

ts), G

EF-U

NDP

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

abso

rptiv

e ca

pacit

y with

in D

oE an

d MFE

D to

ac

cess

and u

tilise

fund

s.

•Go

vern

men

t pol

icy is

to w

ork

towa

rds N

IE sta

tus t

o coo

rdin

ate

and a

cces

s fun

ding

for a

dapt

atio

n an

d disa

ster r

isk m

anag

emen

t.

•Th

ere i

s a ri

gidn

ess o

f fun

ding

ac

cess

ibilit

y con

ditio

ns fo

r CC

finan

ce.

•Un

derta

ke a

Clim

ate F

inan

ce

Asse

ssm

ent -

PCCF

AF/C

PEIR

in

2016

inclu

ding

asse

ssm

ent o

f ab

ility t

o ach

ieve N

IE sta

tus.

•Ca

pita

lisat

ion

and

oper

atio

nalis

atio

n of

the T

uvalu

Su

rviva

l Fun

d (TS

F).

Exam

ples

of M

ajor

Pro

ject

s

•GE

F/LD

CF/U

NDP -

US$

6.5m

In

creas

ing R

esilie

nce o

f Co

asta

l Are

as an

d Com

mun

ity

Settl

emen

ts to

Clim

ate C

hang

e

•EU

GCC

A:PS

IS -

Euro

0.5m

Im

prov

ing A

gro-

fore

stry S

yste

ms

to En

hanc

e Foo

d Sec

urity

and

Build

Res

ilienc

e to C

limat

e Ch

ange

in Tu

valu

•GC

F/UN

DP - T

uvalu

Coas

tal

Adap

tatio

n Pr

ojec

t: US

$38.

9m

•Th

e ove

rridi

ng pl

anni

ng

docu

men

t is T

e Kak

eega

III

– N

atio

nal S

trate

gy

for S

usta

inab

le De

velo

pmen

t 201

6-20

20

– w

ith h

igh

visib

ility o

f CC

DRM

.

•De

spite

the e

xiste

nce o

f th

e Te K

aniva

– N

atio

nal

Clim

ate C

hang

e Pol

icy

and t

he N

atio

nal

Stra

tegi

c Act

ion

Plan

fo

r CCD

RM 20

12–2

01,

CC pr

iorit

ies ar

e not

cle

arly

refle

cted

in ot

her

sect

oral

plan

s.

•Co

mm

unica

tions

with

isl

and c

omm

uniti

es on

CC

DRM

very

limite

d due

to

com

mun

icatio

n an

d tra

nspo

rt co

nstra

ints.

Th

is lea

ds to

nee

d fo

r mor

e awa

rene

ss

work

shop

s for

all

relev

ant s

take

hold

ers.

•ISP

(Isla

nd St

rate

gic

Plan

s) ne

ed to

refle

ct

CCDR

M is

sues

and

Falek

aupu

le Ac

t.

•M

ainstr

eam

CCDR

M

cons

ider

atio

ns in

to

min

istry

and s

ecto

ral

plan

s.

•M

ainstr

eam

ing o

f CC

DRM

into

Islan

d De

velo

pmen

t Plan

s.

•Na

tiona

l Clim

ate C

hang

e Ad

visor

y Com

mitt

ee

(NCC

AC) a

nd th

e NDC

m

erge

d und

er N

SAP

Coor

dina

ting C

omm

ittee

bu

t the

re is

wea

k co

ordi

natio

n be

twee

n ag

encie

s inv

olve

d in

CCDR

M.

•Ca

pacit

y of t

he D

oE lim

its

the e

ffect

ivene

ss of

co

ordi

natio

n w

ith ch

ain

of co

mm

and n

ot al

ways

cle

ar.

•M

FED

need

s to h

ave

grea

ter i

nvol

vem

ent i

n CC

DRM

polic

y for

mul

atio

n an

d im

plem

enta

tion

to en

sure

appr

opria

te

linka

ges t

o stre

ngth

en

abilit

y to s

ource

CCDR

M

finan

ce.

•Re

gular

mee

tings

of

the N

SAP C

oord

inat

ing

Com

mitt

ee to

ensu

re

over

all CC

DRM

polic

y co

ordi

natio

n.

•St

reng

then

coor

dina

tion

betw

een

Depa

rtmen

t of

Envir

onm

ent a

nd Pl

anni

ng

and B

udge

t Dep

artm

ent

(PBD

) with

in M

FED.

•Re

cogn

ising

the n

eed t

o im

prov

e its

PFM

Sy

stem

, und

erto

ok PE

FA an

d cre

ated

PF

M R

oadm

ap.

•Go

vern

men

t cha

rt of

acco

unts

does

not

ca

ptur

e rela

ted C

C act

ivitie

s but

also

no

t effe

ctive

in tr

ackin

g dev

elopm

ent

activ

ities

with

limite

d alig

nmen

t be

twee

n bu

dget

and T

e Kak

eega

III.

•Ac

hiev

emen

t of N

IE sta

tus l

ikely

to be

a lo

nger

-term

goal

thou

gh im

plem

entin

g PF

M R

oadm

ap w

ill h

elp m

ove t

owar

ds

this

state

d goa

l.

•M

FED,

PBD

and A

id M

onito

ring U

nit

(AM

U) h

ave l

imite

d cap

acity

to h

andl

e an

d acc

ount

for l

arge

amou

nts o

f CC

DRM

.

•W

ork o

n im

prov

ing p

rocu

rem

ent

syste

ms y

ieldi

ng lim

ited r

esul

ts du

e to

capa

city c

onstr

aints.

•Tu

valu

Trus

t Fun

d (TT

F) an

d Fale

kaup

ule

(Out

er Is

lands

) Tru

st Fu

nd (F

TF)

expe

rienc

e pre

sent

s opp

ortu

nitie

s to u

se

this

mod

ality

to de

liver

CCDR

M fi

nanc

e th

roug

h th

e new

TSF.

•Ca

pita

lisat

ion

and o

pera

tiona

lisat

ion

of th

e TSF

.

•Fu

rther

impl

emen

tatio

n of

the P

FM

Road

map

.

•M

APS A

sses

smen

t.

•De

velo

p cod

ing s

yste

ms t

o tra

ck CC

DRM

ex

pend

iture

and a

lso im

plem

enta

tion

of

Te K

akee

ga III

.

•As

sess

men

t of t

rust

fund

mod

ality

to

deliv

er CC

DRM

fina

nce g

iven

expe

rienc

e w

ith TT

F and

FTF –

to be

inclu

ded i

n CP

EIR/P

CCFA

F Ass

essm

ent.

•In

vesti

gate

budg

et su

ppor

t Pol

icy

Refo

rm M

atrix

(PRM

) as p

ossib

le m

odali

ty fo

r CCD

RM fi

nanc

e.

•Th

e cap

acity

of th

e DoE

is

limite

d in

resp

ect o

f th

e num

ber, t

urno

ver

and c

apac

ity of

staff

, th

ereb

y lim

iting

abilit

y to

impl

emen

t the

Go

vern

men

t’s CC

DRM

ag

enda

and a

cces

s fina

nce.

•CC

DRM

know

ledge

is

conc

entra

ted i

n a l

imite

d nu

mbe

r of s

taff

with

ad

equa

te te

chni

cal s

kills.

•Sim

ilarly

the k

now

ledge

an

d und

ersta

ndin

g of

CCDR

M is

sues

in ce

ntra

l and

lin

e min

istrie

s suc

h as

MFE

D is

extre

mely

limite

d.

•Th

ere i

s a la

ck of

capa

city-

build

ing p

rogr

amm

es to

de

velo

p the

se sk

ills a

nd

to pr

ovid

e the

advo

cacy

on

CCDR

M is

sues

to th

e co

mm

unity

.

•Bu

ild ca

pacit

y with

in D

oE

and M

FED

to ac

cess

and

utilis

e fun

ds.

•Im

plem

ent p

rogr

amm

es to

in

creas

e adv

ocac

y for

, and

un

derst

andi

ng of

, CCD

RM

issue

s thr

ough

com

mun

ity

cons

ulta

tions

, out

reac

h pr

ogra

mm

es an

d inc

lusio

n in

the e

duca

tion

curri

culu

m.

•Lim

ited d

evelo

pmen

t eff

ectiv

enes

s sin

ce

Tuva

lu ex

perie

nces

man

y vis

itors

inclu

ding

dono

r an

d con

sulta

nt de

man

ds

that

plac

e hea

vy bu

rden

on

limite

d pub

lic se

ctor

ca

pacit

y esp

ecial

ly gi

ven

Tuva

lu’s h

igh

profi

le w

ith

resp

ect t

o CCD

RM is

sues

.

•Co

mpl

exity

of de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtner

dono

rs’ pr

ojec

t te

mpl

ates

cont

ribut

es to

ad

min

istra

tive b

urde

n.

•Do

nor m

eetin

gs in

frequ

ent,

thou

gh th

ere w

as a

dono

r Hi

gh Le

vel D

ialog

ue on

TC

Pam

reco

nstru

ctio

n.

•Tu

valu

’s ove

rseas

miss

ions

ve

ry ac

tive i

n pr

omot

ing

CCDR

M is

sues

in re

gion

al an

d int

erna

tiona

l for

ums.

•La

ck of

solid

user

-frien

dly

data

base

of pr

ojec

ts lim

its

abilit

y to t

rack

ODA

impa

cts

and i

mpl

emen

t effe

ctive

M

&E fo

r Te K

akee

ga.

•Bu

dget

Supp

ort P

RM

poss

ible

mod

ality

for

CCDR

M fi

nanc

e.

•In

vest

in n

ew us

er-fr

iendl

y Ai

d Dat

abas

e.

•Im

plem

ent A

id Po

licy,

inclu

ding

putti

ng in

plac

e str

icter

polic

y on

dono

r and

co

nsul

tant

visit

s to r

educ

e ad

min

istra

tive b

urde

n.

•Te

chni

cal c

apac

ity fo

r gen

der

main

strea

min

g acro

ss go

vern

men

t is

limite

d.

•La

ck of

sex-

disa

ggre

gate

d dat

a acro

ss

all se

ctor

s tha

t wou

ld co

ntrib

ute t

o th

e ide

ntifi

catio

n of

gend

er ga

ps an

d su

ppor

t the

deve

lopm

ent o

f pol

icies

an

d the

impr

ovem

ent o

f ser

vice

deliv

ery b

y the

gove

rnm

ent.

•GS

I con

sider

atio

ns ar

e not

effec

tively

m

ainstr

eam

ed in

to n

atio

nal p

olici

es

but t

his w

ill be

impo

rtant

for T

e Ka

keeg

a III (

NSDS

).

•Te

Kan

iva –

Clim

ate P

olicy

and N

SAP

ackn

owled

ge im

porta

nce o

f the

m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e in

the c

omm

unity

; ho

weve

r, lim

ited e

xper

tise f

or

prac

tical

impl

emen

tatio

n on

the

grou

nd.

•GS

I main

strea

min

g nee

ded f

or al

l se

ctor

al an

d gov

ernm

ent p

lans a

nd

the s

ucce

ssor

to Te

Kak

eega

III.

•Pr

epar

e GSI

tool

kits a

nd un

derta

ke

work

shop

s to l

ook a

t how

min

istrie

s an

d oth

er se

rvice

prov

ider

s can

eff

ectiv

ely de

liver

CCDR

M se

rvice

s to

the m

ost v

ulne

rabl

e.

•In

creas

ed pa

rticip

atio

n of

wom

en in

bu

sines

s.

•M

onito

r the

impl

emen

tatio

n of

co

mm

itmen

ts to

gend

er eq

ualit

y an

d wom

en’s e

mpo

werm

ent i

n th

e Na

tiona

l Stra

tegi

c Act

ion

Plan

for

Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Disa

ster R

isk

Man

agem

ent.

•Ne

ed fo

r fur

ther

analy

sis on

the d

ata

colle

cted

and t

heir

use t

o fur

ther

in

form

clim

ate c

hang

e ada

ptat

ion

proj

ects.

Clim

ate

Chan

ge a

nd D

isas

ter R

isk

Fina

ncin

g M

atrix

– V

anua

tuDi

men

sions

of C

limat

e Ch

ange

and

Disa

ster

Risk

Man

agem

ent (

CCDR

M) F

inan

cing

Fund

ing

Sour

ces

Polic

ies a

nd P

lans

Inst

itutio

ns

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial

Man

agem

ent (

PFM

) and

Ex

pend

iture

Hum

an Ca

pacit

yDe

velo

pmen

t Effe

ctiv

enes

sGe

nder

and

Socia

l Inc

lusio

n

Obse

rvat

ion

Mai

n Fu

ndin

g So

urce

s

•Au

strali

a (DF

AT),

New

Ze

aland

, Jap

an, U

NDP,

SPC,

W

orld

Ban

k, GE

F.

•63

% of

clim

ate c

hang

e fin

ance

from

mul

tilat

eral

sour

ces,

whi

le 37

% fr

om

bilat

eral

chan

nels

(201

3–m

id-2

017)

.

•Ov

er th

e pas

t 3–5

year

s, ap

prox

imat

ely VU

V 21

.4b

(~US

D 20

0m) w

as ap

prov

ed

for C

C-re

lated

activ

ities

in

Vanu

atu f

rom

a w

ide r

ange

of

sour

ces.

•89

% of

fund

s acc

esse

d we

re fo

r clim

ate c

hang

e ad

apta

tion,

9% fo

r miti

gatio

n an

d 2%

for o

ther

s.

•In

frastr

uctu

re-re

lated

re

spon

se to

TC Pa

m an

d cli

mat

e pro

ofing

of m

ajor

road

s and

wha

rves

acco

unt

for 5

6% of

the f

unds

acce

ssed

. En

viron

men

t 27%

, and

en

ergy

(8%

) as n

ext t

op tw

o be

nefic

iary s

ecto

rs.

•Th

e mos

t log

ical c

andi

date

for

NIE i

s the

(new

ly-es

tabl

ished

) M

inist

ry of

Clim

ate C

hang

e (C

PEIR

).

Maj

or CC

DRM

Pro

ject

s

•CI

F/W

B/AD

B –

USD

14.0

m

SREP

•GE

F/W

B –

USD

3.2m

In

creas

ing r

esilie

nce t

o cli

mat

e cha

nge a

nd n

atur

al ha

zard

s in V

anua

tu

•GE

F-5 F

ocal

Area

/ LDC

F/SC

CF/F

AO –

USD

18.7

m

Ridg

e to R

eef:

Inte

grat

ed

Susta

inab

le La

nd an

d Coa

stal

Man

agem

ent.

•En

viron

men

t pill

ar of

NS

DP 20

16 to

2030

; a

spec

ific p

olicy

goal

has

been

inclu

ded f

or cl

imat

e ch

ange

and d

isaste

r re

silien

ce.

•Va

nuat

u has

a Na

tiona

l En

ergy

Roa

dmap

20

16–2

030 s

uppo

rting

cli

mat

e cha

nge m

itiga

tion.

•ND

C Roa

dmap

2019

.

•Im

plem

enta

tion

and

Mon

itorin

g Fra

mew

ork f

or

the N

SDP 2

016–

2030

was

re

cent

ly lau

nche

d.

•Cl

imat

e Fin

ance

Roa

dmap

20

16–2

020

•M

inist

ry of

Clim

ate

Chan

ge re

spon

sible

for

drivi

ng th

e clim

ate c

hang

e po

licy a

gend

a acro

ss

Gove

rnm

ent.

•M

inist

ry do

es n

ot h

ave a

lo

ng-te

rm co

rpor

ate p

lan

to gu

ide i

mpl

emen

tatio

n.

•Va

nuat

u Clim

ate C

hang

e an

d Disa

ster R

isk

Redu

ctio

n (C

CDRR

) Pol

icy

officia

lly la

unch

ed in

2016

.

•CC

DRR

polic

y hig

hlig

hts a

nu

mbe

r of s

ecto

ral p

olici

es

whe

re m

ainstr

eam

ing

of CC

DRR

has b

een

succ

essfu

l.

•La

ck of

an M

&E fr

amew

ork

for C

CDRR

polic

y.

•Cr

eatio

n of

Min

istry

fo

r Clim

ate C

hang

e Ad

apta

tion,

M

eteo

rolo

gy, G

eo-

Haza

rds,

Envir

onm

ent,

Ener

gy an

d Disa

ster

Man

agem

ent t

o co

nsol

idat

e CCD

RM.

•M

inist

ry do

es n

ot ye

t ha

ve an

appr

oved

long

-te

rm co

rpor

ate p

lan.

•Co

mm

unica

tion

disc

onne

ct be

twee

n ke

y sec

tors/

agen

cies.

•La

ck of

lead

ersh

ip an

d ow

nersh

ip of

clim

ate

chan

ge pr

ogra

mm

es –

pr

ojec

t dep

ende

nt.

•Pr

ojec

t Man

agem

ent

Unit

of th

e Nat

iona

l Ad

visor

y Boa

rd on

Cl

imat

e Cha

nge a

nd

Disa

ster R

isk R

educ

tion

(NAB

) fac

ilitat

es pr

oces

s fo

r CC-

relat

ed po

licy

deve

lopm

ent.

•M

inist

ry of

Clim

ate

Chan

ge to

deve

lop a

str

ateg

ic pl

an to

guid

e th

e bus

ines

s plan

s for

its

depa

rtmen

ts an

d un

its.

•Re

view

of th

e Nat

iona

l Ad

visor

y Boa

rd (N

AB)

on Cl

imat

e Cha

nge a

nd

Disa

ster R

isk R

educ

tion

Proj

ect M

anag

emen

t Un

it in

cludi

ng it

s fu

nctio

n, pr

actic

ality

an

d sus

tain

abilit

y.

Expe

nditu

re

•3.

5% of

GDP

clim

ate-

re

lated

in 20

08–2

012.

•Av

erag

e VUV

1.8b

per y

ear

(USD

16.4

m) i

n re

curre

nt

budg

et fo

r CCD

RR be

twee

n 20

08 an

d 201

2.

•CC

DRR

activ

ities

acco

unte

d fo

r 2.9

% of

Vanu

atu’s

GD

P and

13%

of bu

dget

ex

pend

iture

in 20

12.

•De

velo

pmen

t fun

d –

VUV

200m

(US$

1.8m

) in

weig

hted

CCDR

R ex

pend

iture

in 20

12.

•De

spite

prio

ritisi

ng cl

imat

e ch

ange

in po

licy s

tate

men

ts an

d pol

itica

l inte

rven

tions

, th

e ave

rage

gove

rnm

ent

expe

nditu

re on

CC-re

lated

ex

pend

iture

for 2

012–

2016

wa

s onl

y 7.6

%.

Publ

ic Fi

nanc

ial M

anag

emen

t

•PF

M Sy

stem

is w

ell re

gard

ed

arou

nd th

e reg

ion,

hav

ing

disp

layed

a w

illin

gnes

s to

pursu

e and

impl

emen

t sig

nific

ant r

efor

ms i

n re

cent

ye

ars.

•Va

nuat

u con

tinue

s to

perfo

rm w

ell in

man

agin

g its

over

all bu

dget

desp

ite

the p

ress

ures

TC Pa

m h

as

rece

ntly

impo

sed.

•Bu

dget

has

reas

onab

le cre

dibi

lity,

whi

ch re

flect

s po

sitive

ly on

MFE

M ca

pacit

y.

•Ri

ght s

et of

expe

rtise

and

adeq

uate

hum

an ca

pacit

y to

unde

rstan

d and

enga

ge

in cl

imat

e cha

nge fi

nanc

ing,

co

mpa

red t

o oth

er PI

Cs. T

he

key c

halle

nge i

s how

to fu

lly

max

imise

and c

oord

inat

e th

e ran

ge of

tech

nica

l ex

perti

se th

at si

ts in

di

ffere

nt lin

e min

istrie

s.

•On

e of f

ew PI

Cs to

hav

e a

spec

ific w

orkin

g gro

up on

cli

mat

e fina

nce.

•Pr

ovin

cial a

dmin

istra

tions

in

Vanu

atu f

ace l

imite

d te

chni

cal c

apac

ity in

gran

t w

ritin

g for

clim

ate c

hang

e fu

ndin

g.

•Va

nuat

u Ins

titut

e of

Tech

nolo

gy is

partn

erin

g w

ith G

IZ to

offer

a Ce

rtific

ate i

n Cl

imat

e Ch

ange

cour

se.

•La

ck of

train

ing a

nd

tech

nica

l exp

ertis

e to

plan

, coo

rdin

ate a

nd

impl

emen

t clim

ate c

hang

e/DR

R an

d fina

ncin

g to s

uit

regi

onal

and i

nter

natio

nal

oblig

atio

ns.

•La

ck of

capa

city

asse

ssm

ent.

Capa

city

asse

ssm

ent r

equi

red f

or N

IE ac

credi

tatio

n.

•La

ck of

proj

ect

impl

emen

tatio

n du

e to l

ack

of h

uman

capa

city.

•Do

nors

enco

urag

ed to

in

clude

clim

ate c

hang

e and

di

saste

r res

ilienc

e as p

art o

f th

eir sc

holar

ship

prio

rities

.

•De

mon

strat

ed le

ader

ship

and

owne

rship

in th

e dev

elopm

ent o

f its

core

nat

iona

l clim

ate c

hang

e an

d res

ilient

deve

lopm

ent p

olici

es

and p

lans.

•W

hile

dono

rs an

d dev

elopm

ent

partn

ers e

xpec

t gov

ernm

ent t

o co

ordi

nate

, the

re is

curre

ntly

no fo

rmal

dono

r-to-

dono

r co

ordi

natio

n m

echa

nism

.

•Lit

tle ev

iden

ce to

dete

rmin

e the

co

llect

ive im

pact

or eff

ectiv

enes

s of

clim

ate c

hang

e fina

ncin

g.

•Ne

ed to

enha

nce t

he M

&E

capa

city o

f the

Dep

artm

ent o

f St

rate

gic P

olicy

, Plan

ning

and A

id

Coor

dina

tion

(DSP

PAC)

and l

ine

min

istrie

s to b

e abl

e to m

easu

re,

proc

ess a

nd re

port

on th

e tan

gibl

e im

pact

s and

outco

mes

of al

l CCD

RM

supp

ort.

•Ne

ed fo

r M&E

fram

ewor

k inc

ludi

ng

indi

cato

rs th

at ar

e alig

ned w

ith an

d fe

ed in

to th

e Nat

iona

l Dev

elopm

ent

Plan

s and

expe

nditu

re fr

amew

orks

.

•Go

V ha

s cur

rent

ly en

gage

d TA

to su

ppor

t im

prov

ed w

hole

of

gove

rnm

ent M

&E an

d exp

endi

ture

fra

mew

orks

, inclu

ding

all

min

istrie

s, se

ctor

plan

s and

ex

pend

iture

repo

rting

.

•Cl

assif

y pro

jects

with

CC/D

RR

objec

tives

and p

ublis

h de

tails

.

•Se

ek as

sista

nce t

o des

ign,

reso

urce

an

d im

plem

ent t

he re

quire

d act

ions

fo

r NIE

statu

s.

•De

velo

p M&E

fram

ewor

k and

ex

pend

iture

tem

plat

es to

trac

k pr

ogre

ss.

•Av

oid d

uplic

atio

n an

d im

prov

e M&E

an

d rep

ortin

g.

•Al

l don

or fi

nanc

e to b

e cha

nnell

ed

thro

ugh

the G

over

nmen

t fina

ncial

sy

stem

.

•Bo

th th

e NSD

P and

the C

CDRR

Polic

y hav

e tak

en

very

prog

ress

ive st

eps t

o ens

ure g

ende

r and

so

cial in

clusio

n ar

e int

egra

ted a

s a ke

y prin

ciple

of th

e res

pect

ive pl

ans o

r pol

icy. H

owev

er,

reso

urce

allo

catio

n to

supp

ort i

mpl

emen

tatio

n ha

s bee

n a c

halle

nge.

•Va

nuat

u’s Co

uncil

of M

inist

ers a

gree

d to

Decis

ion

94 of

2017

: Sup

port

to G

ende

r Re

spon

sive P

lanni

ng an

d Bud

getin

g (GR

B)

proc

ess f

or 20

18. T

he de

cisio

n als

o agr

eed t

o m

anda

te al

l oth

er m

inist

ries t

o fol

low

suit

in

GRB

for 2

019.

•Ne

w N

APA

will

nee

d to t

ake a

ccou

nt of

GSI

in

adap

tatio

n op

tions

.

•Th

ere h

as be

en n

otab

le pr

ogre

ss w

ith an

in

creas

e of w

omen

in se

nior

man

agem

ent i

n th

e pub

lic se

ctor

of 3.

4% in

2016

com

pare

d to

0.3%

in 20

10.

•Th

e 201

6 Van

uatu

Clim

ate C

hang

e and

Disa

ster

Risk

Polic

y has

also

take

n ve

ry pr

ogre

ssive

step

s to

ensu

re ge

nder

and s

ocial

inclu

sion i

s not

only

inclu

ded a

s a ke

y prin

ciple

of th

e pol

icy, b

ut is

als

o refl

ecte

d in

iden

tified

actio

ns.

•Co

ntin

ue st

reng

then

ing p

artn

ersh

ips

betw

een

key g

over

nmen

t age

ncies

and

nong

over

nmen

tal s

take

hold

ers t

o re-

enfo

rce

com

mitm

ents

to th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of

natio

nal p

lans a

nd po

licies

to su

ppor

t GSI

in

CCDR

R an

d to e

nsur

e clea

r acc

ount

abilit

y.

•Su

ppor

t the

deve

lopm

ent o

f spe

cific i

ndica

tors

to al

ign

the G

SI ac

tion

plan

s for

CCDR

R an

d the

Ge

nder

Polic

y Act

ion

Plan

to be

inclu

ded i

n th

e M

&E fr

amew

ork f

or th

e NSD

P.

•St

reng

then

coor

dina

tion

on G

ende

r M

ainstr

eam

ing b

etwe

en go

vern

men

t age

ncies

su

ch as

DW

A, D

SPPA

C of P

MO,

depa

rtmen

t of

Clim

ate C

hang

e and

NAB

with

the c

onso

rtium

of

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Pro d u ce d b y t h e Pa c i f i c Co m m u n i t y ( S P C )

Pa c i f i c Co m m u n i t yPr i vate M a i l B a g, S u va , F i j i

P h o n e : + 6 7 9 3 3 7 0 7 3 3Em a i l : s p c @ s p c. i nt

We b s i te : w w w. s p c. i nt

© Pa c i f i c Co m m u n i t y ( S P C ) 2 0 1 9

Regional Synthesis Report of the Pacific Climate Change ...

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