Regional Parking Management Toolbox for Local Jurisdictions · 1 1 4 2 5 3 6 The San Diego...
62
Regional Parking Management Toolbox for Local Jurisdictions Regional Planning Technical Working Group January 8, 2015
Transcript of Regional Parking Management Toolbox for Local Jurisdictions · 1 1 4 2 5 3 6 The San Diego...
-
Regional Parking Management Toolbox for Local Jurisdictions Regional Planning Technical Working Group January 8, 2015
-
Background
2
November 2011
January 2013
September 2013
Need for toolbox of parking strategies identified in 2050 RTP/SCS
Local parking inventory conducted to establish baseline
Comprehensive stakeholder outreach conducted
-
3
Interactive, web-based document 22 case study
participants Customized for the San
Diego region Step by step guidance
-
4
-
Community and Special Use Typologies
5
-
Understand the Issues
6
Data collection and analysis • Parking inventory • Parking occupancy • Parking turnover • Community characteristics • Citations and trends
-
Explore Parking Strategies
7
-
Parking Program Management
8
Program structure Staffing considerations System operations Technology Budgeting considerations Financing
-
Communications and Marketing
9
-
Case Studies and Resource Library
10
-
Next Steps
11
Regional Parking Management Toolbox is available for use on sdforward.com and sandag.org/TDM The resource will also be added as an appendix to San
Diego Forward: The Regional Plan Staff is available to provide Toolbox demonstrations
-
Parking ManagementToolbox
REGIONAL
-
1
1 4
2 5
3 6
The
San
Die
go
Ass
oci
atio
n o
f G
ove
rnm
ents
(S
AN
DA
G) c
reat
ed th
is R
egio
nal P
arki
ng
Man
agem
ent T
oolb
ox a
s a
mea
ns o
f pro
vidi
ng
the
com
mun
ities
, jur
isdi
ctio
ns, a
nd d
estin
atio
ns
with
in th
e S
an D
iego
regi
on a
fram
ewor
k fo
r ev
alua
ting,
impl
emen
ting,
man
agin
g, a
nd
mai
ntai
ning
par
king
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s to
su
ppor
t com
mun
ity g
row
th a
nd s
take
hold
er
desi
res.
Thi
s do
cum
ent r
epre
sent
s th
e cu
lmin
atio
n of
that
wor
k, p
rovi
ding
a b
luep
rint
for
com
mun
ity le
ader
s to
bet
ter
unde
rsta
nd
the
pote
ntia
l sol
utio
ns th
at c
an b
est s
erve
th
eir
park
ing
need
s an
d th
e ne
eds
of th
eir
busi
ness
es, r
esid
ents
, and
vis
itors
alik
e.
This
doc
umen
t pro
vide
s a
broa
d se
t of t
ools
to
help
sha
pe th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of s
ucce
ssfu
l pa
rkin
g m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies
now
and
into
th
e fu
ture
. The
doc
umen
t sho
uld
be u
sed
to
iden
tify
issu
es a
nd c
orre
spon
ding
ove
rarc
hing
m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies,
and
, to
som
e ex
tent
, ca
n ai
d co
mm
uniti
es w
ith id
entif
ying
goa
ls,
obje
ctiv
es, a
nd d
irect
ives
of a
larg
er p
arki
ng
prog
ram
.
The
tool
box
is p
rese
nted
in a
man
ner
that
lead
s
thro
ugh
choo
sing
pot
entia
l sol
utio
ns, a
nd
com
mun
icat
ion,
and
ong
oing
mai
nten
ance
of
prog
ram
str
ateg
ies
and
polic
ies.
The
doc
umen
t is
inte
nded
to b
e in
tera
ctiv
e—th
e H
OW
TO
U
SE
SE
CT
ION
to th
e rig
ht w
ill le
ad th
e re
ader
th
roug
h th
e pr
oper
util
izat
ion
of th
is d
ocum
ent.
Fina
lly, t
he R
ES
OU
RC
ES
gui
de a
t the
end
of
this
doc
umen
t pro
vide
s a
num
ber
of to
ols
and
liter
atur
e to
sup
port
this
doc
umen
t. Th
e im
ple-
men
tatio
n of
par
king
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s an
d pr
ogra
ms
is a
con
stan
tly e
volv
ing
prac
tice
and
the
read
er s
houl
d re
mai
n in
tune
with
th
e pr
ogra
m’s
effe
ctiv
enes
s an
d ap
plic
abili
ty.
Thes
e re
sour
ces
will
pro
vide
the
read
er a
co
ndui
t for
und
erst
andi
ng th
e ch
angi
ng
busi
ness
of p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t, as
wel
l as
reso
urce
s fo
r th
e di
scus
sion
of i
deas
and
pr
actic
es g
oing
forw
ard.
PA
RK
ING
MA
NA
GE
ME
NT
TO
OL
BO
XR
EG
ION
AL
Iden
tify
Your
Co
mm
unity
Typ
olog
yCh
arac
teriz
e yo
ur c
omm
unity
or
port
ions
of y
our c
omm
unity
to
help
add
ress
issu
es w
ith s
patia
lly
appr
opria
te s
trat
egie
s.
Iden
tify
Com
mon
Pa
rkin
g Is
sues
Lear
n ab
out c
omm
on is
sues
face
d by
par
king
pro
gram
s, in
clud
ing
over
arch
ing
prob
lem
s an
d th
e su
bseq
uent
issu
es th
ey c
reat
e. L
earn
ho
w to
col
lect
and
ana
lyze
dat
a to
id
entif
y th
ese
com
mon
issu
es.
Expl
ore
Over
arch
ing
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egie
sUn
ders
tand
ove
rarc
hing
m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies
inte
nded
to
hel
p m
itiga
te th
ese
issu
es.
TO
US
E T
HIS
HO
WD
OC
UM
EN
TTh
e R
egio
nal P
arki
ng M
anag
emen
t Too
lbox
is in
tera
ctiv
e in
nat
ure
and
is in
tend
ed to
park
ing
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s w
ithin
thei
r lo
cal j
uris
dict
ion
or s
ervi
ce a
rea.
Are
as in
th
e do
cum
ent t
hat a
re in
tera
ctiv
e ar
e in
dica
ted
by
. T
he re
ader
sim
ply
need
s to
clic
k on
the
to a
ctiv
ate
the
inte
ract
ive
mat
eria
ls, w
hich
will
pro
vide
mor
e de
pth
rela
ted
to
the
subj
ect m
atte
r. T
wo
exam
ples
are
sho
wn
belo
w.
This
doc
umen
t is
also
org
aniz
ed
chro
nolo
gica
lly, a
llow
ing
the
read
er to
wor
k th
roug
h a
serie
s of
del
iber
ate
step
s on
the
way
to id
entif
ying
con
text
-sen
sitiv
e pa
rkin
g m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies.
The
ste
ps in
clud
e:
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
STEP
Revi
ew th
e
Solu
tions
Mat
rixFo
r eac
h ov
erar
chin
g st
rate
gy,
unde
rsta
nd p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t so
lutio
ns, t
heir
impa
cts,
and
whe
re
they
are
mos
t app
licab
le.
Eval
uate
Par
king
Pr
ogra
m O
ptio
nsLe
arn
how
suc
cess
ful i
mpl
emen
-ta
tion
of p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t st
rate
gies
dep
ends
on
ongo
ing
prog
ram
mat
ic m
anag
emen
t.
Unde
rsta
nd
Com
mun
icat
ion
Tool
sEv
alua
te c
omm
unic
atio
n
stra
tegi
es th
at a
re c
ritic
al in
th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of p
arki
ng
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s.
Sam
ple
H
yper
link
Text
Clic
king
on
the
grap
hic
to th
e rig
ht re
veal
s
that
obj
ect.
This
will
hel
p th
e re
ader
gai
n a
deep
er u
nder
stan
ding
of t
hing
s lik
e co
mm
unity
typo
logi
es, p
arki
ng is
sues
, par
king
m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies,
or c
omm
unic
atio
ns
tool
s.
Hove
ring
over
the
grap
hic
to th
e rig
ht re
veal
s m
ore
info
rmat
ion
rela
ted
to th
at c
once
pt. T
he
docu
men
t pro
vide
s a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of i
ssue
, st
rate
gy, a
nd p
rogr
amm
atic
con
cept
s. T
hese
impa
cts,
and
opp
ortu
nitie
s..
Com
mun
ity/
Town
cent
er
-
2
TYPO
LOGI
ES
The
Reg
iona
l Par
king
Man
agem
ent T
oolb
ox u
ses
a di
stin
ct g
roup
of t
ypol
ogie
s to
hel
p un
ders
tand
the
impa
cts
of p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t str
ateg
ies
for
diffe
rent
com
mun
ity
thes
e ty
polo
gies
exp
erie
nce
uniq
ue p
arki
ng re
late
d is
sues
whi
ch re
quire
uni
que
miti
gatio
n st
rate
gies
. Thr
ough
out t
his
docu
men
t, is
sues
, str
ateg
ies,
and
pro
gram
mat
ic
It is
impo
rtan
t to
note
that
the
com
mun
ities
with
in th
e gr
eate
r S
an D
iego
regi
on a
re
uniq
ue a
nd o
ften
enc
ompa
ss m
ore
than
one
typo
logy
. Lik
ewis
e, a
sin
gle
stra
tegy
ca
n so
met
imes
be
succ
essf
ully
em
ploy
ed a
cros
s m
ultip
le ty
pogr
aphi
es. T
here
fore
, it
is im
port
ant f
or th
e re
ader
to n
ot o
nly
expl
ore
the
stra
tegi
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
eir
prim
ary
typo
logy
, but
als
o ot
her
stra
tegi
es w
hich
mig
ht c
ompl
emen
t or
stre
ngth
en th
e pr
imar
y m
anag
emen
t app
roac
hes
in th
eir
area
. Thi
s is
esp
ecia
lly tr
ue a
s co
mm
uniti
es
build
par
king
man
agem
ent p
rogr
ams
arou
nd th
ese
stra
tegi
es. A
s tim
e pa
sses
and
the
prog
ram
s be
com
e m
ore
effe
ctiv
e, it
may
pro
ve u
sefu
l to
expa
nd th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of s
trat
egie
s to
mee
t new
cha
lleng
es o
r op
port
uniti
es re
late
d to
the
prog
ram
.
SH
OU
LD
US
E
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T?
WH
O
MET
ROPO
LITA
N C
ENTE
RTh
e m
etro
polit
an c
ente
r is
the
regi
on’s
prim
ary
busi
ness
, com
mer
cial
, civ
ic, a
nd c
ultu
ral
dest
inat
ion
with
a re
gion
al d
raw
and
a h
ighl
y in
terc
onne
cted
net
wor
k of
tran
sit s
ervi
ces.
It
also
pro
vide
s a
varie
ty o
f res
iden
tial u
ses
and
high
leve
ls o
f mix
ed u
ses.
Met
ropo
litan
high
dem
and.
• Ex
ampl
e: D
ownt
own
San
Dieg
o
URBA
N C
ENTE
RUr
ban
cent
ers
prov
ide
empl
oym
ent u
ses
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith c
ivic
and
cul
tura
l fac
ilitie
s,
serv
ed b
y re
gion
al ra
il, b
us ra
pid
tran
sit,
and
loca
l bus
ser
vice
s. T
hey
also
pro
vide
a ra
nge
empl
oym
ent o
r ent
erta
inm
ent d
eman
ds.
• Ex
ampl
e: M
issi
on V
alle
y, Un
iver
sity
City
, Upt
own,
Chu
la V
ista
Urb
an C
ore
COM
MUN
ITY/
TOW
N C
ENTE
R
• To
wn
Cent
er E
xam
ples
: Car
lsba
d Vi
llage
, Dow
ntow
n Oc
eans
ide,
Dow
ntow
n Es
cond
ido,
Do
wnt
own
La M
esa,
Dow
ntow
n El
Caj
on, S
olan
a Be
ach,
Dow
ntow
n En
cini
tas,
San
tee
Tow
n Ce
nter
, Cor
onad
o, D
el M
ar, L
emon
Gro
ve, N
atio
nal C
ity
• Co
mm
unity
Cen
ter E
xam
ples
: Col
lege
Are
a, O
cean
Bea
ch, I
mpe
rial B
each
, Vis
ta V
illag
e
SUBU
RBAN
EM
PLOY
MEN
T CE
NTE
R
larg
e am
ount
s of
sur
face
par
king
that
acc
ount
ed fo
r a d
ispr
opor
tiona
te s
hare
of l
and
mas
s
incr
ease
d re
tail
and
hous
ing
units
, and
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
alte
rnat
ive
tran
spor
tatio
n
• Ex
ampl
e: S
orre
nto
Valle
y, Ke
arny
Mes
a, R
anch
o Be
rnar
do, P
alom
ar A
irpor
t Roa
d
TRAN
SIT
STAT
ION
S &
TRA
NSI
T-OR
IEN
TED
D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
(TOD
)Tr
ansi
t sta
tions
pro
vide
con
nect
ions
bet
wee
n va
rious
typo
logi
es a
nd a
reas
thro
ugh
the
prov
isio
n of
a v
arie
ty o
f mob
ility
opt
ions
. Par
king
is o
ften
prov
ided
at t
rans
it st
atio
ns to
ser
ve
com
mut
ers
and
tran
sit u
sers
. Add
ition
ally,
tran
sit s
tatio
n pa
rkin
g of
ten
cate
rs to
van
pool
, ca
rpoo
l, an
d ot
her p
riorit
y us
ers
that
mus
t be
bala
nced
with
regu
lar u
sers
. Tra
nsit
stat
ion
park
ing
faci
litie
s m
ust o
ften
inte
rfac
e w
ith th
e su
rrou
ndin
g co
mm
unity
to e
nsur
e tr
ansi
t ac
cess
with
out a
dver
sely
impa
ctin
g th
e su
rrou
ndin
g ar
ea. S
imila
rly, i
n TO
D, p
arki
ng s
houl
d su
ppor
t hig
her d
ensi
ty m
ixed
-use
dev
elop
men
t and
enh
ance
d tra
nsit
serv
ices
.
• Ex
ampl
es: S
anta
Fe
Depo
t, Es
cond
ido
Tran
sit C
ente
r, Gr
ossm
ont T
rans
it Ce
nter
, Rio
Vis
ta S
tatio
n
UNIV
ERSI
TIES
AN
D C
OLLE
GES
User
s of
a u
nive
rsity
par
king
sys
tem
incl
ude
com
mut
ing
stud
ents
, on-
cam
pus
resi
dent
s,
facu
lty/s
taff,
vis
itors
, and
ser
vice
pro
vide
rs. U
nive
rsiti
es ty
pica
lly e
mpl
oy a
com
bina
tion
of
stra
tegi
es, i
nclu
ding
per
mit
park
ing
and
ince
ntiv
izin
g th
e us
e of
alte
rnat
ive
mod
es o
f tra
vel,
to b
alan
ce th
e va
rious
use
rs o
f the
par
king
sys
tem
and
enc
oura
ge e
ffect
ive
use
of p
arki
ng
supp
lies.
A p
rimar
y co
ncer
n w
ithin
a u
nive
rsity
sys
tem
is s
pillo
ver o
f par
king
dem
ands
into
ad
jace
nt re
side
ntia
l or c
omm
erci
al a
reas
.
• Ex
ampl
es: S
an D
iego
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Cal
iforn
ia S
an D
iego
, Nat
iona
l Uni
vers
ity,
Univ
ersi
ty o
f San
Die
go, S
an D
iego
Com
mun
ity C
olle
ges
STAD
IUM
S Pa
rkin
g at
sta
dium
s an
d ot
her e
vent
-bas
ed d
eman
d ge
nera
tors
pre
sent
s un
ique
par
king
is
sues
bec
ause
of t
he h
eavy
ingr
ess
and
egre
ss o
f use
rs a
t one
tim
e. P
arki
ng a
t the
se
tran
spor
tatio
n sy
stem
s.
• Ex
ampl
es: Q
ualc
omm
Sta
dium
, Pet
co P
ark,
Vie
jas
Aren
a, D
el M
ar F
airg
roun
ds
COAS
TAL
COM
MUN
ITY
Coas
tal c
omm
uniti
es a
re ty
pica
lly c
ompr
ised
of v
isito
r, em
ploy
men
t, re
side
ntia
l, an
d co
mm
erci
al u
ses
vary
ing
in s
ize
and
inte
nsity
. The
se a
reas
exp
erie
nce
seas
onal
sur
ges
of v
isito
rs in
to th
e ar
ea w
hich
cau
ses
park
ing
dem
and
to v
ary
wid
ely
thro
ugho
ut th
e ye
ar. P
arki
ng is
sues
are
ofte
n ex
acer
bate
d by
the
limite
d av
aila
bilit
y of
land
for p
arki
ng
faci
litie
s an
d fr
ictio
n be
twee
n re
side
nts
and
tour
ists
. The
Cal
iforn
ia C
oast
al C
omm
issi
on h
as
regu
lato
ry a
utho
rity
over
land
in c
oast
al z
ones
whi
ch c
an fu
rthe
r com
plic
ate
how
par
king
is
man
aged
. Par
king
man
agem
ent c
oord
inat
ion
with
the
Calif
orni
a Co
asta
l Com
mis
sion
sho
uld
occu
r ear
ly a
nd o
ften.
• Be
ach
PARK
S AN
D B
EACH
ESPa
rks
and
beac
hes
are
popu
lar d
estin
atio
ns fo
r out
door
act
ivity
, typ
ical
ly o
bser
ving
var
ying
se
ason
al p
arki
ng d
eman
ds th
at c
oinc
ide
with
hig
h to
uris
m m
onth
s or
maj
or e
vent
s. D
urin
g no
n-pe
ak c
ondi
tions
, par
ks a
nd b
each
es a
re o
ften
subj
ect t
o hi
gh p
arki
ng s
urpl
uses
, whi
ch
ofte
n ar
e no
t ava
ilabl
e to
ser
ve o
ther
use
s. H
owev
er, i
n th
eir p
eak
cond
ition
s, th
ese
uses
solu
tions
.
• Ex
ampl
es: B
albo
a Pa
rk, T
orre
y Pi
nes
Stat
e Na
tura
l Res
erve
, Har
bor I
slan
d Pa
rk, M
issi
on B
ay
Park
, oth
er s
hore
line
park
s
PORT
SPo
rts
serv
e a
varie
ty o
f use
s, in
clud
ing
indu
stria
l, sh
ippi
ng, m
ilita
ry, a
nd re
crea
tiona
l use
s.
Each
type
of u
se h
as a
dis
tinct
ive
park
ing
dem
and
patte
rn a
nd n
eed,
and
mus
t be
acco
unte
d fo
r as
such
. Spi
llove
r par
king
dem
ands
, ing
ress
/egr
ess
queu
ing,
par
king
pric
ing,
acc
ess,
and
se
curit
y ar
e al
l prim
ary
park
ing
conc
erns
at p
orts
.
• Ex
ampl
es: P
ort o
f San
Die
go, S
an D
iego
Cru
ise
Ship
Ter
min
al, E
mba
rcad
ero,
Sea
port
Vill
age
MIL
ITAR
Y BA
SES
Mili
tary
bas
es s
erve
one
or m
ore
of th
e un
ique
bra
nche
s of
the
Unite
d St
ates
mili
tary
, an
d se
rve
mili
tary
per
sonn
el, h
ouse
equ
ipm
ent,
and
prov
ide
faci
litie
s fo
r ope
ratio
ns a
nd/
or tr
aini
ng. T
hese
site
s ar
e un
ique
in th
at th
ey e
xhib
it m
any
of th
e sa
me
dem
ands
of a
un
iver
sity
or t
own
cent
er u
se, w
here
all
of th
e de
man
d is
inte
rnal
ized
and
man
aged
on-
site
. Pa
rkin
g m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g on
bas
es is
ofte
n m
ore
of a
n ex
erci
se in
spa
ce p
lann
ing,
w
ith p
arki
ng c
apac
ity p
rovi
ded
as a
vaila
ble
land
dic
tate
s. In
an
urba
n se
tting
, thi
s ca
n of
ten
dest
inat
ion.
• Ex
ampl
es: N
aval
Bas
e Co
rona
do, M
arin
e Co
rps
Air S
tatio
n M
iram
ar, N
aval
Bas
e Sa
n Di
ego,
Na
val B
ase
Poin
t Lom
a
REGI
ONAL
PAR
KIN
G ST
RATE
GIES
Re
gion
al p
arki
ng s
trat
egie
s of
fer p
olic
ies
and
prac
tices
to s
uppo
rt p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t ac
ross
a la
rger
dis
tric
t, w
hich
cou
ld in
clud
e a
com
bina
tion
of a
ll of
the
prev
ious
ly m
entio
ned
typo
logi
es. T
hese
pol
icie
s pr
ovid
e gl
obal
pra
ctic
es a
nd s
trat
egie
s in
tend
ed to
impr
ove
the
plan
ning
and
man
agem
ent o
f par
king
in th
e la
rger
are
a. H
owev
er, t
o be
effe
ctiv
e, th
e pl
an
mus
t rec
ogni
ze th
at e
ach
juris
dict
ion
has
uniq
ue p
arki
ng is
sues
and
goa
ls, a
nd e
ncou
rage
th
ose
juris
dict
ions
to fo
rmul
ate
park
ing
prog
ram
s th
at b
est s
uppo
rt th
eir c
omm
unity
.
• Ex
ampl
es: R
egio
nal P
arki
ng M
anag
emen
t Too
lbox
-
3
The
Par
king
Sys
tem
Und
erst
andi
ng th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
is c
ompl
ex. T
here
ar
e a
num
ber
of c
ompo
nent
s th
at w
ork
in c
once
rt th
at, i
f m
anag
ed p
rope
rly, c
an c
reat
e a
cohe
sive
and
suc
cess
ful
park
ing
syst
em. H
owev
er, t
he ta
sk o
f und
erst
andi
ng th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
can
be
daun
ting
whe
n it
is u
ncle
ar w
here
or
how
to b
egin
. Goo
d pa
rkin
g m
anag
emen
t is
depe
n-de
nt u
pon
solid
par
king
dat
a, d
ata
inte
rpre
tatio
n, a
nd
prel
imin
ary
deci
sion
mak
ing.
The
pur
pose
of t
his
sect
ion
is to
bre
ak d
own
diffe
rent
type
s of
dat
a co
llect
ion
m
etho
ds a
nd th
e pu
rpos
e fo
r co
llect
ing
such
dat
a.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
unde
rsta
nd th
at it
is n
ot a
lway
s
nece
ssar
y to
col
lect
dat
a on
eve
ry d
etai
l of t
he p
arki
ng
syst
em. T
he ty
pe o
f dat
a co
llect
ed d
epen
ds o
n w
hat o
ne
of th
e co
mm
unity
:
• W
HAT
ARE
YOUR
PAR
KING
GOA
LS –
this
may
tie
dire
ctly
to
goa
ls s
tate
d in
a p
lan
(e.g
. a c
ompr
ehen
sive
pla
n,
th
e pr
oces
s.
• KN
OWLE
DGE
OF T
HE C
OMM
UNIT
Y CH
ARAC
TERI
STIC
S –
Und
erst
andi
ng th
e ab
ove
info
rmat
ion
can
lead
to
iden
tifyi
ng w
hat y
ou w
ant t
o ac
com
plis
h by
con
duct
ing
pa
rkin
g da
ta c
olle
ctio
n.
UN
DE
RS
TAN
D
WH
AT T
O C
OLL
EC
T
Par
king
Inve
nto
ry
Co
mm
unity
Cha
ract
eris
tics
Par
king
Occ
upan
cy S
tud
y
Par
king
Tur
nove
r S
tud
y
Par
king
Inve
nto
ryCo
mm
uniti
es s
houl
d co
nsid
er c
reat
ing
a pa
rkin
g da
taba
se th
at c
an b
e us
ed
anal
ysis
of p
arki
ng in
fras
truc
ture
nee
ds. T
he d
atab
ase
can
be a
s si
mpl
e as
a
capa
bilit
y of
man
agin
g pa
rkin
g as
a s
yste
m
»
face
.
» » »Ty
pes
of m
eter
s
» »
Co
mm
unity
Cha
ract
eris
tics
DEM
OGRA
PHIC
S »
Unde
rsta
nd th
e pe
ople
in th
e ar
ea a
nd th
eir p
refe
renc
es. T
his
can
be
acco
mpl
ishe
d th
roug
h st
akeh
olde
r and
pub
lic o
utre
ach
to s
olic
it in
put.
Invo
lvin
g st
akeh
olde
rs w
hen
mak
ing
park
ing
deci
sion
s (w
heth
er it
is n
ew
tech
nolo
gy o
r man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
) can
she
d lig
ht o
nto
park
ing
patte
rns
that
may
not
be
easy
to d
isce
rn fr
om th
e da
ta. P
ublic
inpu
t can
pro
vide
the
“why
” co
mpo
nent
to w
hat i
s se
en in
the
data
. Lik
ewis
e, th
e pu
blic
ofte
n ha
s a
part
icul
ar p
erce
ptio
n of
the
park
ing
syst
em. S
take
hold
er o
utre
ach
pres
ents
an
opp
ortu
nity
to in
form
and
edu
cate
the
user
s as
to w
hat i
s ac
tual
ly
happ
enin
g in
the
syst
em.
MIX
TURE
OF
USER
S/LA
ND
USE
S »
Area
s th
at h
ave
a gr
eate
r mix
ture
of u
ses
may
requ
ire a
mul
tifac
eted
ap
proa
ch to
man
agem
ent t
o he
lp b
alan
ce c
ompe
ting
need
s. L
ikew
ise,
m
ultip
le u
ses
or u
sers
may
pre
sent
com
petin
g pa
rkin
g ne
eds,
whi
ch c
reat
es
the
perc
eptio
n of
a p
arki
ng is
sue.
By
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
e ty
pes
of u
ses
and
cont
ext o
f the
com
mun
ity.
ALTE
RNAT
IVE
TRAN
SPOR
TATI
ON »
Look
ing
at a
cces
s to
tran
sit,
cars
hare
, and
bik
e an
d pe
dest
rian
infr
astr
uctu
re
can
prov
ide
a gr
eate
r und
erst
andi
ng o
f the
par
king
dem
ands
. In
area
s w
here
th
ere
is g
ood
pote
ntia
l for
mul
timod
al a
ctiv
ity, t
here
may
be
less
of a
dem
and
for p
arki
ng a
nd in
vest
men
ts in
thes
e ar
eas
can
be m
ade
mor
e ec
onom
ical
ly.
In th
e ab
senc
e of
tim
e or
fund
s to
do
coun
ts in
eac
h ar
ea, t
he c
ensu
s da
ta
can
be u
sed
to d
eter
min
e ho
w p
eopl
e co
mm
ute
to w
ork.
Und
erst
andi
ng h
ow
thes
e tr
ends
cha
nge
will
allo
w th
e pa
rkin
g pr
ogra
m to
exp
and
or c
ontr
act
with
cha
ngin
g m
otor
ist b
ehav
iors
.
PARK
ING
REGU
LATI
ONS
»Un
ders
tand
exi
stin
g pa
rkin
g re
gula
tions
to d
eter
min
e op
port
uniti
es a
nd
to d
eter
min
ing
how
regu
latio
ns m
ight
hav
e to
be
chan
ged
to m
eet c
omm
unity
go
als
and
bala
nce
park
ing
dem
ands
.
ENFO
RCEM
ENT
PRAC
TICE
S »
dete
rmin
e ho
w e
nfor
cem
ent i
s pe
rfor
med
and
how
the
exis
ting
com
pone
nts
of th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
can
be
leve
rage
d to
str
eam
line
enfo
rcem
ent p
ract
ices
.
Par
king
Tur
nove
r S
tud
yA
turn
over
stu
dy d
ocum
ents
the
leng
th o
f tim
e ve
hicl
es a
re p
arke
d in
a p
artic
ular
data
is c
olle
cted
sim
ilarly
to o
ccup
ancy
dat
a in
rega
rds
to w
hen
to c
olle
ct th
e
to c
olle
ct d
ata
on m
ultip
le w
eekd
ays
and
on a
Sat
urda
y to
cap
ture
thes
e di
ffere
nt
dete
rmin
ed fr
om th
e da
ta c
olle
cted
dur
ing
a tu
rnov
er s
tudy
, so
you
can
perfo
rm
Faci
lity
Spac
e #
(Des
crip
tion)
Run
1 (1
0:00
-
11:0
0)
Run
2 (1
1:00
-
12:0
0)
Run
3 (1
2:00
-
1:00
)
Run
4
(1:0
0 -
2:00
)
Run
5
(5:0
0 -
6:00
)
Run
6
(6:0
0 -
7:00
)
Run
7
(7:0
0 -
8:00
)
Num
ber o
f Ve
hicl
esLo
nges
t Du
ratio
nAv
erag
e Du
ratio
n
Jeffe
rson
4th
Av
e-3r
d Av
e (S
. Cur
b)
1RD
Tr
uck
WT
Truc
kBK
Vol
ksW
T Le
xus
WT
Truc
k-
-5
22
2RD
Bl
azer
RD
Truc
kGD
Tr
uck
BL
Seda
n-
--
42
2
3W
T Na
vRD
Ni
ssan
WT
Niss
an-
--
-3
22
4BL
Bu
ick
BK
Niss
anx
-GY
Tru
ck-
-3
42.
67
5GY
Tru
ckBL
Ca
vele
rx
BK P
rius
BK
Pont
iac
--
44
2.5
6RD
Az
tec
xW
T Lu
min
aW
T CT
SBL
Tru
ck-
-4
42.
5
7W
T Ta
urus
GY
Caro
laSL
Ac
ura
x-
--
34
2.67
8W
T In
trepi
dBL
Van
BL V
anGR
M
ercu
ryx
--
44
2.5
9RD
Van
x-
WT
Van
--
-2
43.
00
10RD
Priu
sGY
Se
dan
GD
Cam
ryGD
Ho
nda
WT
Sebr
ing
--
52
2
11W
T Sa
nteF
eGY
Se
dan
SL B
ugPR
Van
--
-4
22
12W
T Tr
uck
WT
Truc
kSL
To
yota
GD
Truc
k-
--
42
2
Par
king
Occ
upan
cy S
tud
yPa
rkin
g oc
cupa
ncy
stud
ies
are
an e
ffect
ive
way
to d
eter
min
e pa
rkin
g pa
ttern
s on
a s
easo
nal,
daily
, or h
ourly
bas
is. A
n oc
cupa
ncy
stud
y in
vent
orie
s th
e nu
mbe
r of v
ehic
les
park
ed in
an
area
(on-
stre
et a
nd/o
r off-
stre
et) t
o de
term
ine
the
perc
ent o
f spa
ces
bein
g oc
cupi
ed th
roug
hout
the
day.
Occ
upan
cy d
ata
shou
ld b
e co
llect
ed fo
r eac
h bl
ock
face
and
/or e
ach
off-
stre
et p
arki
ng fa
cilit
y.
For a
n oc
cupa
ncy
stud
y, it
is c
ritic
al to
kno
w tw
o pi
eces
of i
nfor
mat
ion,
the
num
ber o
f spa
ces
for e
ach
bloc
k an
d of
f-st
reet
par
king
faci
lity,
and
the
num
ber
of v
ehic
les
park
ed o
n ea
ch b
lock
and
off-
stre
et p
arki
ng fa
cilit
y. T
he n
umbe
r of
coun
t the
num
ber o
f spa
ces
on e
ach
bloc
k or
faci
lity
and
the
num
ber o
f veh
icle
s oc
cupy
ing
spac
es. K
now
ing
how
man
y ve
hicl
es a
re p
arke
d on
eac
h bl
ock
face
w
ill h
elp
pinp
oint
whi
ch a
reas
are
exp
erie
ncin
g hi
gh d
eman
ds a
nd w
hich
hav
e lo
wer
dem
ands
.
Park
ing
occu
panc
y da
ta s
houl
d be
col
lect
ed h
ourly
, at t
he le
ast,
to b
e ab
le to
id
entif
y pe
aks
in p
arki
ng d
eman
d th
roug
hout
the
day.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
capt
ure
to c
aptu
re la
te e
veni
ng d
eman
ds (p
artic
ular
ly in
are
as w
ith a
n ac
tive
nigh
tlife
),
to c
olle
ct d
ata
on m
ultip
le w
eekd
ays
and
on a
Sat
urda
y to
cap
ture
diff
eren
t de
man
d pe
riods
and
to b
ette
r und
erst
and
the
syst
em. P
arki
ng o
ccup
ancy
dat
a
shou
ld b
e co
llect
ed a
t lea
st o
nce
annu
ally
and
it s
houl
d be
col
lect
ed in
sim
ilar
timef
ram
es to
com
pare
yea
r ove
r yea
r tre
nds.
Idea
lly, i
t sho
uld
be c
olle
cted
ev
ery
hour
dur
ing
the
colle
ctio
n pe
riod.
If p
ossi
ble,
the
data
sho
uld
be c
olle
cted
m
ultip
le ti
mes
per
yea
r to
unde
rsta
nd s
easo
nal v
aria
tions
.
The
resu
lts o
f an
occu
panc
y st
udy
allo
w th
e pa
rkin
g to
be
prop
erly
man
aged
th
roug
hout
the
syst
em to
bal
ance
dem
ands
. It i
s of
ten
the
case
that
hig
h de
man
ds a
re s
een
on m
ain
stre
ets
with
bus
ines
ses
or d
estin
atio
ns, w
here
as
the
stre
ets
one
bloc
k ov
er h
ave
low
dem
ands
. Kno
wle
dge
of th
e oc
cupa
ncy
on
a bl
ock-
by-b
lock
bas
is c
an h
elp
iden
tify
appr
opria
te m
anag
emen
t dec
isio
ns.
Park
ing
occu
panc
y st
udie
s ar
e ty
pica
lly le
ss la
bor i
nten
sive
than
a tu
rnov
er
stud
y (b
oth
from
a c
olle
ctio
n an
d an
alys
is p
ersp
ectiv
e), a
nd a
re th
eref
ore
typi
cally
a m
ore
cost
effe
ctiv
e w
ay o
f det
erm
inin
g pa
rkin
g pa
ttern
s (s
easo
nally
, da
ily, a
nd h
ourly
). Ho
wev
er, p
arki
ng o
ccup
ancy
stu
dies
do
not t
ell t
he w
hole
st
ory
of p
arki
ng p
atte
rns
and
dem
ands
. If a
mor
e gr
anul
ar le
vel o
f ana
lysi
s is
de
sire
d, a
par
king
turn
over
stu
dy m
ay b
e m
ore
appr
opria
te.
colle
ct o
ccup
ancy
dat
a an
d an
exa
mpl
e of
how
the
data
mig
ht b
e or
gani
zed
to
dete
rmin
e th
e pe
rcen
t of s
pace
s fo
r eac
h ho
ur.
Grap
hic
(199
4)
-
4
Now
that
dat
a ha
s be
en c
olle
cted
, the
nex
t st
ep is
to a
naly
ze th
e da
ta to
iden
tify
po
tent
ial p
robl
ems
and
unde
rsta
nd th
e
capa
bilit
ies
of th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
.
HO
W D
O
YO
U K
NO
W A
P
RO
BLE
M E
XIS
TS
?
WH
AT T
O D
O W
ITH
Y
OU
R D
ATA
?
Inte
rpre
ting
the
Dat
a
Ana
lyzi
ng t
he D
ata
Wha
t To
Do
No
w?
Once
the
data
has
bee
n an
alyz
ed a
nd it
is u
nder
stoo
d w
hat p
robl
ems
may
exi
st w
ithin
the
com
mun
ity,
appr
opria
te s
olut
ions
can
be
revi
ewed
, dis
cuss
ed,
pilo
ted,
and
impl
emen
ted
in o
rder
to b
alan
ce th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
.
•
user
s an
d co
mm
unity
whi
le a
imin
g to
miti
gate
of c
omm
on is
sues
on
the
follo
win
g pa
ges
of th
is
park
ing
man
agem
ent s
trat
egie
s. M
any
times
, sm
all c
hang
es to
pol
icy
or m
anag
emen
t can
hav
e a
larg
e im
pact
on
the
perc
eptio
n of
a p
arki
ng
prob
lem
.
• M
any
park
ing
prog
ram
s ar
e ta
king
an
itera
tive
appr
oach
to p
arki
ng m
anag
emen
t, us
ing
pilo
t st
udie
s to
try
out n
ew s
trat
egie
s or
tech
nolo
gies
be
fore
mak
ing
a la
rge
scal
e in
vest
men
t. Th
is c
an
be a
goo
d w
ay to
invo
lve
the
com
mun
ity in
the
deci
sion
mak
ing
proc
ess,
usi
ng u
ser f
eedb
ack
to
eval
uate
suc
cess
ful i
mpl
emen
tatio
n of
pro
ject
s.
• Co
mm
unic
atio
n is
key
. Onc
e yo
u ha
ve a
bet
ter
help
edu
cate
and
shi
ft po
or p
erce
ptio
ns o
f par
king
.
In th
e fo
llow
ing
page
s of
this
doc
umen
t, co
mm
on
issu
es fa
cing
par
king
man
agem
ent a
genc
ies
are
pres
ente
d al
ong
with
pot
entia
l str
ateg
ies
that
can
be
impl
emen
ted
to m
itiga
te th
e is
sues
.
N Harb
in Dr
W W
ashi
ngto
n St
N Lillia
n St
W J
ones
St
W F
rey
St
N Ollie
St
W V
ande
rbilt
St
N Rom
e St
N Cain
St
W S
loan
St
N Mcilh
aney S
t
W T
arle
ton
St
Harriso
n St
Tarle
ton
St
W S
hirle
y St
Sou
rce:
Esr
i, D
igita
lGlo
be, G
eoE
ye, i
-cub
ed, U
SD
A, U
SG
S, A
Get
map
ping
, Aer
ogrid
, IG
N, I
GP,
sw
isst
opo,
and
the
GIS
Use
rC
omm
unity
Lege
nd
Stud
y A
rea
Day
1 P
arki
ng O
ccup
ancy
At 1
2 PM
0 - 2
0%
20%
- 40
%
40%
- 60
%
60%
- 80
%
80%
- 10
0%
¯
Par
king
Occ
upan
cy
Par
king
Tur
nove
r
Par
king
Occ
upan
cy
Par
king
Tur
nove
r
WHAT TO DO WITH YOUR DATA? HOW DO YOU KNOW A PROBLEM EXISTS?
PARK
ING
OCCU
PAN
CYOn
ce th
e da
ta is
col
lect
ed fo
r an
occu
panc
y st
udy,
the
data
sho
uld
be e
nter
ed in
to a
ta
ble
that
sho
ws
the
num
ber o
f tot
al s
pace
s an
d nu
mbe
r of o
ccup
ied
spac
es fo
r eac
h bl
ock
and/
or fa
cilit
y fo
r eac
h ho
ur d
ata
was
col
lect
ed. W
ith th
ose
two
prim
ary
piec
es
of d
ata,
the
perc
ent o
f spa
ces
occu
pied
can
be
dete
rmin
ed b
y di
vidi
ng th
e nu
mbe
r of
spac
es o
ccup
ied
by th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of s
pace
s. O
nce
anal
yzed
, it c
an b
e de
term
ined
w
hat t
he p
eak
hour
is fo
r par
king
dem
and,
ave
rage
occ
upan
cy fo
r the
ent
ire a
rea,
an
d av
erag
e oc
cupa
ncy
for p
artic
ular
stre
ets
or s
ub-a
reas
.
With
rega
rd to
pre
sent
ing
the
data
, the
re a
re m
any
way
s th
is c
an b
e do
ne. T
he d
ata
can
be k
ept i
n ta
bula
r for
mat
, or i
t can
be
trans
late
d in
to a
line
gra
ph (w
hich
will
ill
ustra
te h
ow th
e oc
cupa
ncie
s tre
nd th
roug
hout
the
day
and
prov
ide
a vi
sual
of
whe
re th
e pe
ak ti
me
is) o
r a s
erie
s of
map
s ca
lled
heat
map
s (w
hich
can
vis
ually
pr
esen
t the
occ
upan
cy o
f eac
h bl
ock
and/
or fa
cilit
y th
roug
h co
lor c
odin
g w
here
red
is
the
mos
t occ
upie
d an
d bl
ue is
the
leas
t occ
upie
d).
PARK
ING
TURN
OVER
Sim
ilar t
o an
occ
upan
cy s
tudy
, the
dat
a co
llect
ed fo
r a tu
rnov
er s
tudy
sho
uld
be
ente
red
into
tabu
lar f
orm
at, h
owev
er th
e se
t up
is s
omew
hat m
ore
com
plic
ated
. Th
e ta
ble
will
incl
ude
the
tota
l num
ber o
f spa
ces,
but
mus
t als
o ha
ve a
line
for e
ach
spac
e fo
r eac
h ho
ur. T
he a
vera
ge d
urat
ion
for e
ach
bloc
k an
d/or
faci
lity
can
be
dete
rmin
ed b
y de
term
inin
g ho
w lo
ng e
ach
vehi
cle
stay
ed in
eac
h sp
ace
(ave
rage
nu
mbe
r of h
ours
eac
h dr
iver
sta
yed
in a
spa
ce).
The
turn
over
dat
a ca
n in
dica
te
dura
tion
for e
ach
bloc
k an
d/or
faci
lity,
the
stud
y ar
ea, o
r sub
-are
as o
f int
eres
t. Ad
ditio
nally
, the
dai
ly, a
vera
ge, a
nd p
eak
turn
over
can
be
dete
rmin
ed a
s w
ell.
The
turn
over
dat
a ca
n al
so b
e us
ed to
det
erm
ine
dura
tion,
whi
ch is
the
aver
age
leng
th
of ti
me
that
car
s ar
e pa
rked
on
a bl
ock
and/
or fa
cilit
y an
d in
dica
te e
nfor
cem
ent
prob
lem
s su
ch a
s vi
olat
ion
patte
rns.
For
inst
ance
, if s
pace
s ar
e be
ing
abus
ed b
y pe
ople
sta
ying
long
er th
en th
ey s
houl
d.
PARK
ING
OCCU
PAN
CYTh
e in
dust
ry s
tand
ard
for o
ccup
ancy
is 8
5-90
% o
ccup
ied.
The
10-
15%
exc
ess
PARK
ING
TURN
OVER
Stan
dard
turn
over
rate
s va
ry d
epen
ding
on
the
pred
omin
ant l
and
use
type
for t
he
area
. In
area
s th
at a
re m
ostly
reta
il, a
hig
her t
urno
ver r
ate
is d
esire
d (a
rate
of 4
-8
uses
(a ra
te o
f 1-2
veh
icle
s pe
r day
per
spa
ce).
Turn
over
rate
s of
0.5
-1 c
ars
per
spac
e in
com
mer
cial
are
as in
dica
te a
buse
of l
ong-
term
par
kers
par
king
in s
pace
s fo
r cus
tom
ers.
In a
reas
that
hav
e m
ore
com
mer
cial
use
s, it
is d
esira
ble
to h
ave
Com
mer
cial
are
as n
eed
avai
labl
e sp
aces
to e
nsur
e th
at th
eir c
usto
mer
s ha
ve a
pla
ce
to p
ark.
Enc
oura
ging
mor
e tu
rnov
er in
thes
e ar
eas
help
s to
mak
e pa
rkin
g al
ong
the
curb
mor
e av
aila
ble.
Fin
ding
the
bala
nce
of w
hat a
n ap
prop
riate
leng
th o
f tim
e is
fo
r an
area
requ
ires
an u
nder
stan
ding
of p
arke
r nee
ds a
nd o
vera
ll ar
ea b
ehav
iors
.
empl
oyee
s an
d re
side
nts
to p
ark
thro
ugho
ut th
e da
y.
Turn
over
dat
a ca
n hi
ghlig
ht p
oten
tial p
arki
ng is
sues
, suc
h as
whe
ther
or n
ot v
ehic
les
or e
nfor
cem
ent i
ncre
ased
). If
peop
le a
re p
arki
ng lo
ng te
rm in
sho
rt te
rm a
reas
, it
can
indi
cate
oth
er p
oten
tial i
ssue
s (e
.g. e
mpl
oyee
s or
resi
dent
s oc
cupy
ing
desi
red
park
ing
spac
es th
at s
houl
d be
ava
ilabl
e fo
r cus
tom
ers)
. Tur
nove
r dat
a ca
n in
dica
te
whe
ther
or n
ot th
e tim
e lim
it re
stric
tions
mat
ch th
e pa
rkin
g de
man
d. If
peo
ple
are
park
ing
for s
horte
r or l
onge
r per
iods
than
the
post
ed ti
me
limits
, it m
ay in
dica
te th
at
-
5
PREV
AILI
NG IS
SUE
Ove
r tim
e, th
e ch
arac
teris
tics
of a
com
mun
ity e
volv
e w
ith c
hang
es in
siz
e,
popu
latio
n, d
ensi
ty, d
evel
opm
ent,
and
tran
spor
tatio
n pa
tter
ns. T
hese
cha
nges
need
s. A
s a
resu
lt, n
ew c
halle
nges
in th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
will
em
erge
, whi
ch w
ill
requ
ire th
e pa
rkin
g pr
ogra
m to
ada
pt. T
he n
atur
e of
par
king
pro
blem
s w
ill v
ary
on
a co
mm
unity
-by-
com
mun
ity b
asis
, but
ther
e ar
e a
num
ber
of c
omm
on is
sues
that
co
nsis
tent
ly e
mer
ge in
the
evol
utio
n of
a p
arki
ng p
rogr
am.
PR
EV
AIL
ING
IS
SU
ES
FA
CE
D B
Y
CO
MM
UN
ITY
PA
RK
ING
PR
OG
RA
MS
Pro
visi
on o
f Par
king
chal
leng
es. H
owev
er, a
n ap
prop
riate
acce
ss to
des
tinat
ions
.
Par
king
Dem
and
som
e ar
eas
and
low
er in
oth
ers.
Are
as
Use
of P
arki
ng
Par
king
Impa
cts
Cul
tura
l Cha
nges
new
cha
lleng
es th
at w
ere
not n
eces
saril
y
Tech
nolo
gyTe
chno
logy
pla
ys a
crit
ical
role
in
alw
ays
carr
y co
ins
on th
em a
nym
ore,
an
d co
in m
eter
s ca
n de
ter s
ome
Expl
ore
the
diffe
rent
issu
es fa
ced
by p
arki
ng p
rogr
ams
by c
licki
ng o
n th
e Pr
evai
ling
Issu
e to
pic
in th
e ta
ble
belo
w.
As y
ou c
lick
on a
n is
sue
topi
c, a
mor
e in
-dep
th d
iscu
ssio
n on
sub
-issu
es th
at c
orre
spon
d w
ith th
e is
sue
topi
c w
ill
appe
ar in
the
box
belo
w. W
hile
thes
e su
b-is
sues
are
not
like
ly th
e on
ly is
sues
a c
omm
unity
mig
ht fa
ce, t
hey
are
com
mon
am
ongs
t the
typo
logi
es in
clud
ed in
this
tool
box.
Typ
olog
ies
that
are
mos
t lik
ely
to fa
ce th
ese
issu
es a
re
note
d un
der e
ach
issu
e di
scus
sion
.
Prov
isio
n
of P
arki
ng
Park
ing
De
man
d
Use
of
Park
ing
Park
ing
Impa
cts
Cultu
ral
Chan
ges
Tech
nolo
gy
Tech
nolo
gy
USE
OF T
ECHN
OLOG
Y »
The
use
of o
utda
ted
park
ing
tech
nolo
gy c
an re
stric
t the
cap
abili
ties
of a
com
mun
ity to
fully
real
ize
the
pote
ntia
l of t
heir
park
ing
syst
em. T
echn
olog
y ca
n be
use
d to
hel
p co
mm
unic
ate
park
ing
info
rmat
ion
to u
sers
, str
eam
line
enfo
rcem
ent
and
mai
nten
ance
pra
ctic
es, p
rovi
de d
ata
on p
arki
ng p
atte
rns
with
in th
e co
mm
unity
, and
cre
ate
a be
tter e
xper
ienc
e fo
r
the
park
ing
syst
em, i
ncre
ased
neg
ativ
e pu
blic
per
cept
ions
, and
lost
pot
entia
l rev
enue
.
»
and
to s
tay
ahea
d of
the
tren
ds s
o th
at in
vest
men
ts in
tech
nolo
gy a
re n
ot w
aste
d or
hav
e to
be
upda
ted
soon
er ra
ther
th
an la
ter.
»Si
mila
rly, a
s te
chno
logi
es a
dvan
ce, i
t is
impo
rtan
t for
com
mun
ities
to u
nder
stan
d th
at n
ot a
ll te
chno
logy
is n
eces
sary
.
two
sim
ple
tech
nolo
gies
. Usi
ng to
o m
uch
tech
nolo
gy c
an b
ecom
e co
nfus
ing
and
over
whe
lmin
g fr
om b
oth
a us
er a
nd
diffe
renc
e th
an a
han
dful
of v
ario
us te
chno
logi
es.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
Cul
tura
l Cha
nges
AGIN
G PO
PULA
TION
»As
the
Baby
Boo
mer
pop
ulat
ion
ages
, com
mun
ities
are
sta
rtin
g to
reco
nsid
er th
eir t
rans
port
atio
n op
tions
and
op
erat
ions
to a
ccom
mod
ate
the
need
s of
the
chan
ging
dem
ogra
phic
. A m
ajor
issu
e su
rrou
ndin
g th
e ag
ing
popu
latio
n is
that
man
y m
ay n
o lo
nger
be
able
to d
rive
or m
ay o
pt n
ot to
driv
e. T
his
has
impl
icat
ions
for t
he q
uant
ity a
nd ty
pe o
f pa
rkin
g ne
eded
in a
com
mun
ity. I
f a c
omm
unity
doe
s no
t hav
e th
e in
fras
truc
ture
or p
rogr
ams
that
sup
port
alte
rnat
ive
mod
es o
f tra
nspo
rtat
ion
or im
prov
ed a
cces
s, th
e m
obili
ty o
f thi
s po
pula
tion
can
be s
ever
ely
impa
ired.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
VEHI
CLE
OWN
ERSH
IP »
Vehi
cle
owne
rshi
p tr
ends
can
be
an in
dica
tor o
f how
muc
h pa
rkin
g is
app
ropr
iate
for a
com
mun
ity o
r an
area
. If a
co
mm
unity
is e
xper
ienc
ing
an in
crea
se in
veh
icle
ow
ners
hip,
this
can
pla
ce a
str
ain
on e
xist
ing
park
ing
faci
litie
s as
m
ore
park
ing
spac
es a
re n
eede
d to
acc
omm
odat
e th
ose
vehi
cles
, whe
ther
they
are
par
ked
at a
resi
dent
ial l
ocat
ion
or
a co
mm
erci
al/b
usin
ess
dest
inat
ion.
Con
vers
ely,
if a
com
mun
ity is
exp
erie
ncin
g a
decl
ine
in v
ehic
le o
wne
rshi
p (w
hich
m
ay o
ccur
as
com
mun
ities
incr
ease
den
sity
and
exp
and
tran
spor
tatio
n op
tions
) it m
ay n
ot b
e ne
cess
ary
to p
rovi
de
as m
uch
park
ing
and
park
ing
faci
litie
s ca
n be
com
e un
deru
tiliz
ed. A
dditi
onal
ly, p
arki
ng c
odes
and
regu
latio
ns m
ust
char
acte
r.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
MUL
TIM
ODAL
TRA
NSP
ORTA
TION
OPT
ION
S »
As e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd p
ublic
hea
lth c
once
rns
have
gai
ned
mor
e re
cogn
ition
, man
y co
mm
uniti
es a
re c
hoos
ing
to u
se
alte
rnat
ive
tran
spor
tatio
n m
odes
(e.g
. bic
ycle
s, w
alki
ng, a
nd tr
ansi
t) m
ore
freq
uent
ly. H
owev
er, i
n co
mm
uniti
es w
here
m
ultim
odal
tran
spor
tatio
n op
tions
are
not
read
ily a
vaila
ble
or e
asy
to a
cces
s, p
eopl
e’s
mob
ility
opt
ions
are
rest
ricte
d w
hich
forc
es p
eopl
e to
use
veh
icle
s to
trav
el, c
reat
ing
a gr
eate
r dem
and
for p
arki
ng.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
DEV
ELOP
MEN
T PA
TTER
NS
»De
velo
pmen
t pat
tern
s de
term
ine
the
amou
nt o
f par
king
that
is n
eede
d to
sup
port
a c
omm
unity
ove
r tim
e. L
ower
de
nsity
, sub
urba
n co
mm
uniti
es th
at c
ater
to a
utom
obile
trav
el h
ave
a gr
eate
r dem
and
for p
arki
ng. H
owev
er a
s co
mm
uniti
es b
egin
to in
corp
orat
e a
mix
of u
ses
and
inte
grat
e ot
her f
orm
s of
tran
spor
tatio
n, le
ss p
arki
ng is
nee
ded.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
Imp
acts
of
Par
king
SPIL
LOVE
R IN
TO N
EIGH
BORH
OOD
S »
Park
ing
can
beco
me
a nu
isan
ce to
resi
dent
s w
hen
thei
r com
mun
ity is
loca
ted
near
a v
ibra
nt c
omm
erci
al a
rea
and
busi
ness
pat
rons
par
k in
the
surr
ound
ing
neig
hbor
hood
str
eets
. Thi
s ha
ppen
s fo
r a n
umbe
r of r
easo
ns. D
eman
d m
ay b
eso
hig
h fo
r the
com
mer
cial
are
a th
at th
e on
ly a
vaila
ble
park
ing
is in
the
resi
dent
ial n
eigh
borh
oods
, or t
he n
eigh
borh
ood
park
ing
is fr
ee a
nd/o
r unr
estr
icte
d an
d pa
tron
s w
ill p
ark
ther
e so
that
they
can
par
k fo
r lon
ger p
erio
ds o
r at n
o ch
arge
. Th
is c
an b
e cu
mbe
rsom
e fo
r nea
rby
resi
dent
s as
they
will
hav
e to
com
pete
for p
arki
ng to
acc
ess
thei
r hom
e.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
NEG
ATIV
E PE
RCEP
TION
OF
PARK
ING
PROG
RAM
»Pa
rkin
g pr
ogra
ms
ofte
n ha
ve a
neg
ativ
e re
puta
tion.
The
cau
se is
usu
ally
a c
ombi
natio
n of
a la
ck o
f und
erst
andi
ng th
e pa
rkin
g sy
stem
and
a la
ck o
f cle
ar c
omm
unic
atio
n w
ith th
e pu
blic
, res
iden
ts, a
nd b
usin
esse
s. A
neg
ativ
e pe
rcep
tion
is
belie
f tha
t it c
anno
t be
chan
ged.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
ENVI
RON
MEN
TAL
CON
CERN
S »
Com
mun
ities
hav
e be
com
e in
crea
sing
ly a
war
e of
thei
r env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s an
d ha
ve m
ade
envi
ronm
enta
l co
ncer
ns a
top
prio
rity.
In re
gard
s to
par
king
, veh
icle
s ci
rclin
g st
reet
s lo
okin
g fo
r ava
ilabl
e pa
rkin
g ca
n ne
gativ
ely
impa
ct th
e ai
r qua
lity
of a
com
mun
ity. I
n ar
eas
with
hig
h de
man
ds, t
hese
em
issi
ons
can
be s
ubst
antia
l as
vehi
cles
ca
n ci
rcle
unn
eces
saril
y fo
r a le
ngth
y pe
riod
of ti
me.
Add
ition
ally,
par
king
faci
litie
s ca
n ha
ve a
neg
ativ
e im
pact
on
the
envi
ronm
ent d
ue to
thei
r con
trib
utio
ns to
rain
wat
er ru
n-of
f and
hea
t isl
and
affe
cts.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
CRUI
SIN
G »
act o
f cru
isin
g is
a la
rge
cont
ribut
or to
con
gest
ion,
as
thes
e ve
hicl
es a
re o
ften
slow
, blo
ck la
nes
wai
ting
for
a sp
ace,
or h
ave
to c
ircle
str
eets
mul
tiple
tim
es th
ereb
y ad
ding
to th
e nu
mbe
r of v
ehic
les
on a
str
eet.
The
cong
estio
n ca
used
by
crui
sing
can
be
frus
trat
ing
for d
river
s tr
ying
to m
ove
thro
ugh
the
area
, fru
stra
ting
for
patr
ons
may
not
retu
rn d
ue to
the
bad
park
ing
expe
rienc
e. A
dditi
onal
ly, c
ruis
ing
nega
tivel
y im
pact
s ai
r qua
lity.
Met
ropo
litan
Ce
nter
Subu
rban
Em
ploy
men
t Ce
nter
Stad
ium
sUr
ban
Cent
er
Tran
sit S
tatio
ns a
nd
Tran
sit-
Orie
nted
De
velo
pmen
tCo
asta
lCo
mm
unity
Com
mun
ity/
Town
Cen
ter
Univ
ersi
ty/
Colle
gePa
rks
and
Beac
hes
Port
sM
ilita
ry
Base
sRe
gion
al P
arki
ng
Stra
tegy
Use
of
Par
king
LOW
TUR
NOV
ER/
LON
G-TE
RM P
ARKE
RS U
TILI
ZIN
G ON
-STR
EET
SPAC
ES »
Low
turn
over
of p
arke
d ve
hicl
es is
mos
t ofte
n an
issu
e in
are
as th
at e
xper
ienc
e hi
gh p
arki
ng d
eman
ds. B
usin
esse
s re
ly o
n pa
rkin
g to
be
avai
labl
e in
ord
er to
attr
act a
nd a
ccom
mod
ate
thei
r pat
rons
. One
of t
he c
ontr
ibut
ing
fact
ors
to
low
turn
over
is th
e us
e of
on-
stre
et s
pace
s by
long
-ter
m p
arke
rs. S
pace
s oc
cupi
ed b
y lo
ng-t
erm
par
kers
can
rest
rict
acce
ss to
sur
roun
ding
des
tinat
ions
, thu
s re
duci
ng th
e sp
aces
ava
ilabl
e fo
r oth
er u
sers
. If s
pace
s re
mai
n oc
cupi
ed fo
r
busi
ness
es, b
ut th
e co
mm
unity
as
a w
hole
. If t
hose
spa
ces
are
occu
pied
by
long
-ter
m p
arke
rs, t
hey
are
unav
aila
ble
for
patr
ons
that
wou
ld o
ther
wis
e sh
op a
t are
a bu
sine
sses
.
Met
ropo
litan
