Regional Biogas Development in West Java, Indonesia.pdf
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7/25/2019 Regional Biogas Development in West Java, Indonesia.pdf
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Regional Biogas Development
in West Java, Indonesia
Center for Science and Technology Development Studies (PAPPIPTEK)
INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI)
Conference on the
Economic of Climate Change in South East Asia
27-28 February 2014, Siem Reap, Cambodia
PURNAMA ALAMSYAH | [email protected]
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L I P I Introduction
Conventional energy sources derived from fossil fuels becomethe most important energy source, but its availability is limited
Among the various types of alternative energy sources,products derived from biomass seem to be one of the main
options that are promising Biogas technology although it is known in many countries
including Indonesia, but in fact its presence is alwaysconsidered new while in some countries like China, Nepal andIndia is being used massively
One area in Indonesia, which has been long implementingbiogas, is West Java. In West Java, the situation is highlyenergy-mixed with issues of agriculture, sanitation, economicdevelopment, social stratification and environmentaldegradation.
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L I P I Introduction
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L I P I Study area
• Consists of 26 districts
• Highest population in Indonesia
• West Java has geothermal potential for around 21.7% of the total
Indonesian geothermal potential
West Java
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Distribution of biogas digester in West Java
Source: Wangsaatmaja et al (2013)
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Biogas potentialLivestock
Type
Number of
Livestocks
Conversion Factor
(m3 / head / day)
Biogas Production
(in thousand m3)
Beef cattle 441,350 0.32 141
Dairy cattle 147,958 0.32 47
Buffalo 128,778 0.32 41
Pig 11,296 1.43 16
Total 245
Source: Bond & Templeton (2011) dan Livestock and Animal Health
Statistics 2012 (2013)
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L I P I Status of biogas development
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Biogas digester
Plastic or balloon Floating drums
Fixed domed
Fixed dome model is popular since it was first introduced in
Indonesia in the 1970s and become populer after the entry of
BIRU programs brought by Hivos and SNV in 2009
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Biogas Digester
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Actor for biogas development
Central government Local government
Universities and R&D Institutions
NGO
Local company / biogas constructor
Cooperative
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Policy for biogas development
Why does the policy direct to biogasdevelopment
• The step declining of oil reserve and it willnot be sufficient in the long term
• Sustainable development concept in WestJava towards a Green Province in 2018
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Policy for biogas development What are the policies
• National Energy Policy• Local Regulation of West Java EnergyMaster Plan
• West Java Regional Action Plan on
Mitigation of Green House Gases
West Java Provincial Government develops biogas development policies at the
provincial level as a supplement or specifying national policies. Provincial policy
requires regulatory instruments, financial incentives and technical standards in biogas
development.
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Policy for biogas development
National Energy Policy• Presidential Decree No. 5 of 2006 on
National Energy Policy
• targets 17%-25% proportion of Renewable
Energy in the energy mix targets/nationalenergy mix by 2025
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Policy for biogas development Local Regulation of West Java Energy
Master Plan
• It places the biogas as much as 3 % of thetotal amount of energy consumption on2025 in West Java
No Renewable Energy 2011 Condition
Achievement Target
2025
Quality Standards
Unit %
1 Biogas 4000 Households 400000 households 4,741,920 32 Geothermal 1175 MW 3267 MW 17,110,821.02 10.84
3 Microhydro 411.67 kW 8000 kW 41,899.78 0.27
4 Solar cell 2561 households 200 MW 1,047,494.40 0.67
5 Kemiri Sunan - 1.2 million kiloliter / year 7,784,520.00 4.93
6
Other Type of
Bioenergy 1000 households 1 million households 11,655,000 7.38
Total 42,381,655 27.09
Source: Wangsaatmaja et al (2013)
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L I P I Status of biogas development
Policy for biogas development
West Java Regional Action Plan onMitigation of Green House Gases
• Governor Decree Number 56/2012
• Biogas utilization (2013-20200 emisions
decrease: 0.34 million ton CO2 eq
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
Energy supply
Agricultural development
Waste managementClimate change mitigation
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
Energy Supply The main focus of biogas development in
West Java is to provide energy for cookingand lighting at night
The use of biogas in rural areas of WestJava reduces effectively the use of woodfuel, LPG stove and kerosene stove.
Biogas can help in reducing the needs andexpenses of commercial fuels.
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
Agricultural development Biogas has other potential through
utilization of its wastes (bioslurry) intofertilizer.
the use of bioslurry as organic fertilizer willreduce the dependence of farmers onchemical fertilizers improve the qualityof the soil that has been degraded due tothe use of chemical fertilizers
The management and utilization of organicfertilizer bioslurry is giving economic profit
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
Waste management Biogas is one of the solutions to reduce
pollution in upstream and downstream oftwo main river in West Java, CikapundungRiver and Citarum River
Previously, efforts were made by makingthe trapping wells in the area near the riverupstream to prevent cattle waste into ariver. However, these efforts are notoptimal in preventing pollution.
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L I P I
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L I P I Benefits from biogas
Climate change mitigation The livestock sector is one of the main causes
of global warming
Biogas utilization (2013-20200) emisionsdecrease: 0.34 million ton CO2 eq
The integrated utilization of biogas withbiogas waste (bioslurry) has helped in
realizing the diversified ecological sustainabledevelopment of agriculture in the region, andpromoting the development of low-carboncircular economy.
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L I P I Challenges of biogas development
Financing of biogas is most often found in biogasdevelopment in West Java
The low usage and utilization of bioslurry are a major
challenge for all biogas development stakeholders inWest Java.
Institutional barriers lead to poor coordination amonggovernment agencies and other stakeholders
The lack of effective policy
Public support is essential in the promotion ofbiogas.
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L I P I
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L I P I Conlusions
The development of biogas technology becomes animportant part to support rural development and plays asan essential component of a sustainable energy strategyin West Java, Indonesia.
Many parties are involved in the development of biogassuch as central and local governments, universities,NGOs and the private sectors.
In spite of providing a clean and modern energy, biogas
becomes a tool to prevent pollution in some riversupstream in West Java, to improve the quality ofagriculture through bio-slurry fertilizer and also as ameans of mitigating climate change due to greenhousegas emissions generated by the agricultural sector.
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