Regional Action on Climate Change Workshop Booklet.pdf · in Egypt and the Arab World. He was...

Regional Action on Climate Change (RACC) Alexandria 2015

22–24 February 2015

Biographies and Abstracts(The speakers are in alphabetical order)


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ABDELMAWLA, EssamDean, Aquaculture Research Center, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transportation, Egypt

Researcher at National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (1988–2007)Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transportation (2007–present)

Presentation Title: Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis as Energy Crops

Presentation Abstract: Egypt imports up to 70% of its diesel, which it uses to fuel cars, farm equipment, and power plants. In addition, it subsidizes diesel to the tune of at least USD 1.5 billion per month, draining the country’s hard currency reserves. There are many solutions for the diesel crises in Egypt, renewable energy is one of these solutions. Biofuel and biodiesel can be produced from many of energy crops without competing with the food crops. Jatropha and Ricinus (castor) are considered the most important energy crops suitable for the Egyptian environment.


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ABOULNAGA, AdelSenior Researcher, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt

2012–present: Coordinator of the expert group to Egypt Sustainable Agriculture Development Strategy towards 2030, and its Business Plans.Chair/Coordinator of a number of task force and consultant groups in MoALR for Development and Strategic and Investment Objectives.Egypt Representative in several Regional and Intergovernmental Organizations and Networks: CIHEAM, ARRANINA, ARIMNET.Member of Food and Agriculture Council, National Academy of Sciences (NAS).Member of Scientific Task Force for Research and Technology Transfer Component, ARDF.National counterpart for FAO/Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) project to develop Monitoring and Evaluation unit in MoALR.2006–2012: Supervisor, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo.Chairman, Scientific Promotion Committee for Animal Production, ARC.Senior Advisor, National Agriculture Research and Development Council; and Coordinator, Animal Production Activities.Coordinator of the task force for developing Animal Production Research Institutes, and other Livestock organizations, Ministry of Agriculture. Coordinator for Animal Breeding and Genetic Forum.Focal point for Animal Genetic Resources, Egypt.Senior Advisor to ICARDA Director General, on Research for Development and Crop-livestock Integration.1997–2003: FAO Representative to Pakistan and FAO Contact to Afghanistan Programme.1992–1997: Agricultural Counselor and Deputy Permanent Representative of Egypt to FAO, WFP, and IFAD, Rome.


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1990–1992: Under Secretary for Animal Production Sector, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt.1990–1992: Director of Technology Transfer, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt. National Agriculture Research Project. 1985–1990: Acting Director and Deputy Director for Research and Development, Animal Production Institute, Agriculture Research Center.

Presentation Title: Livestock Adaptation to Environmental Stress and Climate Change

Presentation Abstract:Environmental stress and climate-change affect livestock in four main ways: (1) impact of feed–grain availability; (2) impacts on pastures; (3) direct effects of weather and extreme events on animal production and health; and (4) changes in the distribution and incidence of livestock diseases. Adaptation by farmers to environmental stress and climate change is paramount. Climate change may result also in redistribution of livestock, and changes in the types of animals that are used (shift from cattle and buffalo to sheep, goats and to camels); and genotype changes (utilization of breeds that are capable to handle adverse conditions).Environmental stress and climate change are the major problems affecting animal production in hot dry areas, where ambient temperature exceeds the upper critical temperature of livestock and negatively affect production and reproduction traits; and increase loss rates.Since Summer 2008, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), in cooperation with the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) launched a program for investigating the genetic variation for tolerance to abiotic environmental stress in Egyptian Barki Desert sheep and goats under hot dry conditions. Animals were assessed for their response to heat and exercise stress in the North Western Coastal Zone of Egypt (NWCZ) simulating grazing under solar radiation in poor pasture. A total number of 642 sheep and 345 goats


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have been evaluated, 2–3 trials for each, according to their physiological response to stress in thermal, respiratory and metabolic parameters. Animal Tolerance Index (ATI) was developed to identify tolerant sheep and goats. ATI was developed based on the stages of physiological responses to heat stress; shallow/deep panting and exceeding upper critical temperature. Accordingly, animals were categorized into different groups of tolerance to climatic stress (seven groups). Five physiological parameters were selected to form the stress index: rectal temperature, respiration rate, minute ventilation volume, tidal volume, and heat production. Preliminary Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping results indicated detectable variation between high- and low-tolerant groups on some ovine and caprine chromosomal regions (on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 10, 13, 17, 19, and 21 in sheep; and chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, and 17 in goats).


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ARAFA, SalahProfessor, Physics Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo (AUC), Egypt

Professor Salah Arafa is a tenured faculty member at the Physics Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo (AUC).

He joined the AUC in 1968. Before joining the university, he worked as a physics researcher at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority from 1962 till 1968. Dr. Arafa holds a BSc in Physics and Chemistry (1962), an MSc in Nuclear Physics (1966), and a PhD in Solid State Physics (1969), all from the Cairo University. He was the Chair of the Science Department twice and served as Senator-at-Large at the University Senate.

Professor Arafa is well-known as one of the leading social entrepreneurs in Egypt and the Arab World. He was selected as a Senior Ashoka Fellow in 2004 and was awarded 'Man of the Year' for Environment and Development in 2009. Since 1974, Arafa has been involved in many civil society activities and is today the chairman of a few of the leading NGOs in Egypt. He has also served as a consultant to many international organizations, including US-AID, UNICEF, GTZ, EU, and UNDP. He is a member of the National Committee on Climate Change and is also a member of the Research Council on Environment and Development at the Egyptian Academy for Scientific Research and Technology.

Professor Arafa has written more than 50 scholarly papers, 10 chapters in books, and appeared on various TV programs.


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Presentation Title: Energy, Water, Food, Climate Change, and Future Challenges

Presentation Abstract: Depletion of fossil fuels is unavoidable because of the existing unbalance between consumption and production of resources. Population increase and demands for development cannot be satisfied by the existing resource constraints. The necessity to face the negative impacts of climate change on water, food, and health are the biggest challenges facing humanity.

New and renewable energy resources represent our hope to face such impacts and to deal with the present constraints. What is needed is an intelligent mix and some behavioral changes in human activities for a creative balance between consumption and production and for sustainability.

Both formal and informal education and training should be employed, and target groups are several: School and university students, politicians and decision makers, media people, industrial leaders, formal and informal leaders, and teachers, to name the most obvious ones.Also, appropriate policies and financing approaches are needed to encourage citizens to conserve energies and use renewable energies.

The presentation will give examples of a number of activities and two case studies (Basaisa Village in Sharkiya Governorate and New Basaisa in South Sinai Governorate) that I have been engaged in over the past 40 years, as well as current activities.


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BEN SALEM, HichemDirector, Research Program on Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems, ICARDA, Jordan

Dr. Hichem Ben Salem is the Director of ICARDA’s Research Program entitled “Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems”. Before joining ICARDA on 1 January 2014, Dr Ben Salem was the Director General of the National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT) for the period 2011–2013, and at the same time he was the Head of the Laboratory of Animal and Forage Production at INRAT since 2006. At the international level, Dr. Ben Salem is Coordinator ofFAO-CIHEAM Network on Sheep and Goat Nutrition since 2000, and also Coordinator of a research theme “Cactus: Forage, Rangeland and Environmental Protection” under the FAO-ICARDA Cactus Network for more than 10 years. Dr. Ben Salem obtained a PhD in Animal Nutrition from the University of Bourgogne (Dijon-France) in 1998. Former Director of Research in Animal Nutrition at INRAT, and along with his career at this Institute he was in charge of a research program focusing on the potential use of alternative feed resources (fodder shrubs, crop residues, agro industrial byproducts) in sheep and goat feeding. He also investigated livestock response to different stressors (anti-nutritive factors in the diet, drinking water restriction or salinity) in terms of digestion, production performances and meat and milk quality. He had been in touch with farmers and people for long time through different Research For Development (R4D) projects targeting income increase and empowerment of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in different arid and semiarid regions of Tunisia. Dr. Ben Salem published around 100 papers mainly in international peer-reviewed journals and book chapters. He was also an invited editor of several special issues of Elsevier journals.


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Presentation Title: Conservation Agriculture Holds Considerable Promise to Help Agricultural Livelihood Systems Coping with Climate Change: ICARDA’s Experience

Presentation Abstract:Around one-third of the global population depends on dryland agriculture for food security and livelihoods. In addition to common challenges (such as natural resources degradation, poverty), climate change is exacerbating the situation. Therefore,cost-effective and environment-friendly options that could improve the efficiency and the sustainability of agricultural livelihood systems have to be developed. Agricultural farming under Conservation Agriculture (CA) holds considerable promise to help farmers cope with climate change and to improve their incomes. CA is spread over 155 million ha, 24% of which had been achieved during the past four years. It is based on three main principles: i) No, or minimum soil disturbance, ii) Soil cover, and iii) Crop diversity. CA is potentially applicable in most agroecosystems and CA is being recognized more widely as an approach for sustainable production intensification that offers enhancement of productivity with improved resilience and climate change adaptability and mitigation. It promotes resilience to climate change by increasing water availability to the crop and rooting depth. Indeed, CA alters water balance in the short- and long-term through decreased soil and water evaporation and increased infiltration rate, soil water holding capacity and aggregate stability. ICARDA’s investigations into CA started in 2000, first in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), and then extended to North Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia), West Asia (mainly Iraq, Jordan, Syria) and South Asia (mainly Bangladesh, India and Nepal). Cropping areas under CA are rapidly and substantially increasing in the above-mentioned countries, and many other countries in these and other regions are interested to adopt CA. Different production systems in these regions (Agropastoral, rain-fed-based, food legumes-based systems) are hosting CA long-term experiments conducted under


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the framework of the ACIAR project in Iraq and Syria showed that the elimination of pre–sowing tillage operations permitted sowing soon after the first autumn rains (about 4–6 weeks earlier than normal) which boosted water-use efficiency and crop production by 12%–20%. A lack of suitable Zero Tillage (ZT) seeders was a major obstacle to adoption, so ZT engineering expertise was employed to enhance the knowledge and skills of local workshops. Participatory CA extension programs were established, which promoted considerable adoption in both Syria and Iraq, 30,000 ha and 15,000 ha, respectively. Surveys in both countries showed that farmers who adopted ZT reduced their costs of poduction and increased crop productivity, even though most did not change their cereal-dominated crop rotations, or grazing of crop residues.Due to the success of the above project, two other ICARDA projects focusing primarily on CA were implemented. ACIAR funded a second project to promote CA in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia (2012–2015) using a similar approach. While CA proved efficient in cereal-based systems, the question arose as to whether it could enhance crop-livestock systems where stubble grazing is considered important to fill the feed gap in summer and early autumn. The question of how much stubble the animals could consume without impacting subsequent crop production is not well documented. Therefore, ICARDA, through an IFAD grant, is instigating a project focusing on crop-livestock interactions in CA systems in Algeria, Tajikistan, and Tunisia (2013–2015). ICARDA’s objective is to seek the commitment of donors to scale-up CA in the dry areas. The various projects developing CA which were implemented by ICARDA in Central Asia were effective at promoting adoption of ZT in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, which is expanded on2.1 million ha and 0.6 million ha in these respective two countries. It is concluded that CA can promote climate resilience by increasing water availability at critical growth stages of crops. It is seen as a promising option for sustainable intensification. Tradeoffs between CA and integrated crop livestock, mainly at the level of small farmers, have to be identified.


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DALE, DanielLand Management and Tenure Officer, FAO Regional Office for Near East and North Africa, Egypt

Daniel Danano is a graduate, in 1986, from the University of Agricultural Sciences, India, in Agricultural Engineering, specializing in Soil and Water Conservation Engineering; and in 1981, from Addis Ababa University in Agricultural Engineering. He is a recipient of the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS) Gold Medal, and ACD Silver Jubilee Gold Medal, in the MSC courses. Currently he is a Land Management and Tenure Officer at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Regional Office for the Near East (FAO/RNE). Worked at various levels and positions since 1982 for various Ministries and Organizations in Ethiopia. Among the key area of expertise and competencies include land and water management planning; water management planning and design for agricultural and domestic uses and supervise water management works; design natural resources management for Integrated River Basin Development; watershed management planning, monitoring, and evaluation of watershed management programs; environmental management and protection planning, environmental and social impact assessment of projects and programs; Sustainable Land Management (SLM) projects and programs including design and evaluation; consultant in project design and evaluation for natural resources management, environment protection, and agricultural development; has knowledge of WOCAT-LADA tools that are used for documentation and dissemination of SLM knowledge; land administration and tenure governance advisory and planning (knowledge of the VGGT); author of books in soil and water and sustainable land management provided in service trainings for SLM practitioners and planners on environmental and natural resources management, taught in junior secondary schools and lectured in universities.


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Presentation Title: Global/Regional Soils Partnership and the WOCAT-LADA Tools for Sustainable Land Management

Presentation Abstract:Desertification arises from human abuse of the land and from adverse climate conditions. Climate related factors, such as increased drought, have been leading to an increase in the vulnerability of land to desertification and to the escalation of the desertification process. The various land degradation forms affecting all forms of agricultural activities in rainfed irrigated agriculture and the rangelands is soil nutrient depletion, aridity, soil and water salinity and increasing desertification. There is increasing degradation of soil resources in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region due to population pressures, urbanization and expanding infrastructure into farmlands, inappropriate land use practices and lack of good governance over the resource base. Reversing the effects of desertification is not always possible and is more difficult for drier environments with shallower soils. Adaptation to desertification will rely on conventional strategies, such as the use of agroforestry, animals better adapted to dry conditions, appropriate land uses and soil management systems and diverse, multiple production systems, and water- and energy-saving techniques. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Regional Office for the Near East (FAO/RNE) has initiated a program for sustainable land management and tenure to support countries for scaling up best land and soil management practices and responsible tenure governance systems that tackle the problem of degradation, desertification and poor soil fertility. FAO is promoting theWOCAT-LADA tools that help in assessing, mapping and monitoring land degradation, as well as documenting good practices. The WOCAT-LADA network aims to unite the efforts in knowledge management and decision support for up-scaling SLM. The network provides tools that allow SLM specialists to identify fields and needs of action, share their valuable knowledge in land management, that assist them in their search for appropriate SLM technologies and approaches,


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and that support them in making decisions. Furthermore, FAO is engaged at the moment to raise awareness on the “Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests” in the context of National Food Security to set out principles and internationally accepted practices to guide the preparation and implementation of policies, laws and actions to tenure governance. FAO has taken the lead in coordinating the activities of the Global Soil Partnership (GSP) that aims to promote sustainable land/soil management. The GSP aims at promoting collaboration and sharing responsibilities so as to provide a coherent framework for joint strategies and actions. It aims at facilitating dialogue and interaction among the various users and stakeholders using soil resources for meeting various needs. The goal of GSP is enabling the sustainable and productive use of soil resources through: harmonizing and establishing guidelines and standards of methods, measurements and indicators; strengthening of soil data and information: data collection, validation, reporting, monitoring and integration of data with other disciplines; promoting targeted soil research and development focusing on identified gaps and priorities and synergies with related productive, environmental and social development actions; promoting sustainable management of soil resources and improved global governance for soil protection and sustainable productivity; encouraging investment and technical cooperation in soils.


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DIOP, SalifProfessor, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegal

Salif Diop has been working at the United Nations, and in particular at UNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) as a Senior Officer for nearly 16 years. He is a water specialist with extensive experience in various aspects of coastal oceanography, freshwater assessment, aquatic and marine issues, sustainable management, and development. He holds from University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France, a third-cycle doctoral he defended in 1978, and a State Doctorate he defended in 1986. He had spent a one-year sabbatical as a Senior Fulbright Scholar in Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of Miami/USA, Division of Biological and Living Resources in 1986/87. He is a member of various expert and working groups, including numerous scientific and research institutions. He has more than 40 referred publications with six books as main author and co-author, and has been awarded a Nobel Peace Prize Certificate, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007. Other 120 publications can be added to his own list as technical documents, research work, monographs, thesis, abstracts, and book reviews. He is a University Professor, Member of the National Academy of Sciences and Techniques of Senegal since February 2006, Member of the African Academy of Sciences (ASS) since December 2009, and Member of The World Academy of Sciences for the Advancement of Sciences in the Developing Countries (TWAS) since October 2010. For more details, including recent publications, kindly consult the following website of Professor Salif Diop: http://www.esalifdiop.org

Presentation title: Climate Change and Its Impacts in Africa: Sea Level Rise and Desertification


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Presentation Abstract:Based on the Fourth and Fifth IPCC Reports, following changes are likely to occur before the end of the century with:

• An increase in temperature of 2°C to 4 degrees Celsius or more;• A decrease in rainfall of up to 20%, and a rise in sea level that could eliminate agricultural land and force millions of people away from their lands;• A climate change and variability that will affect negatively rain-fed agriculture productivity in many parts of Africa as a whole, with more or less important variances following several places and localities;• Various other changes and modifications that are likely to occur considering a great variability of our climate, including extreme aridity in some areas, flooding in others.

As a large percentage of Africa's urban population lives in coastal cities, and the majority of the industries, economic activities and other assets in most African countries are located within the coastal zone, urbanization appears to be one of the biggest challenges Africa is facing today. It is estimated that above 150 million people live within one meter of high tide level, and 250 million within 5 meters of high tide, because of these high population densities (and often inadequate urban planning) coastal cities in developing regions are particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise in concert with other impacts of climate change (World Bank, 2012). It has become clear that the risks associated with increasing urbanization under various climate change scenarios need to be seriously assessed, and well designed “adaptable cities” are required, particularly in coastal zones where cities will need to be prepared for the possibilities of storm surges and coastal flooding. With a likely increased frequency of extreme weather events predicted in many coastal cities, effective sanitation, drainage and emergency preparedness is essential, with clear evacuation plans and well-developed medical support networks. In a nutshell, there will be a need to better understand and plan for the likely local impacts


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of climate change, including to be prepared for coastal inundation due to sea level rise and storm surge and for more frequent or intense severe storms, cyclones, hail events and floods.

Hence the need for African Governments to:

• Establish adaptation policies for population and development security for these areas which are already under several stressors from climate change such as coastal erosion, coastal flooding from storm surges, ecosystem degradation—wetlands, mangroves, coral reef, soil salinization—delta areas, construction of buildings on wetlands.• Design and implement adaptation options such as cost-effective coastal protection measures, resilient infrastructures and utilities, coastal and marine spatial planning, regulations/legislation and controls for marine pollution and sustainable development.


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EL-ARINI, OmarBoard Member, Green Climate Fund, Egypt

Omar El-Arini was the first Chief Officer of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. During his tenure, February 1991 – October 2003, a near universal ratification of the Protocol was achieved and the Fund resources grew from virtually no money to some USD 1.5 billion. These funds have been disbursed to over 130 developing countries to assist their compliance with the Protocol’s control measures, and have been largely credited with the developing countries’ achievement of a 50% reduction in their consumption of some of the most damaging ozone-depleting substances, chlorofluorocarbons.

His service to the Fund included the establishment and leadership of a highly professional Secretariat that has supported the articulation of the policies and procedures for the Fund’s operation. This included the operationalization of the incremental costs concept, the promotion of sectoral approaches for Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) phase-out, and the introduction of the compliance oriented model as the basis for the Fund business planning, among others.

In recognition of his remarkable contribution to the work of the Multilateral Fund over an extended period since its inception, the Fund’s Executive Committee marked his retirement by granting him the title of “Honorary Chief Officer of the Multilateral Fund for life”.

Dr. El-Arini is the recipient of several international awards in the field of the environment.


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A national of Egypt, he obtained his BSc degree from Ain Shams University (Egypt), MSc from the University of Missouri (USA), and PhD from Imperial College of Science and Technology and Medicine (UK).

He is currently a Senior Advisor to his Government in the areas of the environment and the conservation of Egypt's national patrimony, and is a Member of Board of the Egyptian Environment Protection Agency. Former member of the Transitional Committee, for Africa, for the design of the Green Climate Fund. In this capacity and in collaboration of the South Centre, he tabled, on behalf of 13 developing countries members of the Committee, a Governing Instrument that was taken into consideration in the drafting of the final Instrument that was approved by the Seventeenth Session of the Conference Of the Parties (COP 17). Dr. El-Arini is an elected Member of Board of the Green Climate Fund, representing Africa for the period 2012—2015. He was elected as a Member of Board of the Geneva-based South Centre in 2014.

As a World Bank consultant, he assisted the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in setting up the Adaptation Fund of the Kyoto Protocol.

Prior to joining the Multilateral Fund, he held research positions in Egypt, Germany, and The Netherlands. He also managed a large portfolio of research projects funded by the USA Government in Egypt.

He has held senior positions in the Government of Egypt, as well as teaching positions in Cairo University and the American University in Cairo.

Presentation Title: The Green Climate Fund


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Presentation Abstract: The Green Climate Fund was established by the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the 2010 Cancun Agreement, and designated as an entity of the Convention's Financial Mechanism in the 2011 Durban Agreement.In accordance with its Governing Instrument, the Fund has the following objectives and guiding principles:

1- Given the urgency and seriousness of climate change, the purpose of the Fund is to make a significant and ambitious contribution to the global efforts towards attaining the goals set by the international community to combat climate change.

2- The Fund will contribute to the achievement of the ultimate objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In the context of sustainable development, the Fund will promote the paradigm shift towards low-emission and climate-resilient development pathways by providing support to developing countries to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to the impacts of climate change, taking into account the needs of those developing countries particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

3- The Fund will be guided by the principles and provisions of the Convention. The Fund will operate in a transparent and accountable manner guided by efficiency and effectiveness. The Fund will play a key role in channeling new, additional, adequate, and predictable financial resources to developing countries and will catalyze climate finance, both public and private, and at the international and national levels. The Fund will pursue a country-driven approach and promote and strengthen engagement at the country level through effective involvement of relevant institutions and stakeholders. The Fund will be scalable and flexible and will be a continuously learning institution


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guided by processes for monitoring and evaluation. The Fund will strive to maximize the impact of its funding for adaptation and mitigation, and seek a balance between the two, while promoting environmental, social, economic and development co-benefits and taking a gender-sensitive approach.The Fund is governed by 24 Board members and 24 alternate Board members, drawn equally from developed and developing countries. The Board has held eight meetings and taken more than 120 decisions, including the Fund's business model. In the recently held COP 20 (Lima, December 2014) pledges to capitalize the Fund reached more than USD 10 billion to be contributed during the period 2015–2018. It is expected that the Fund will start disbursing resources to adaptation and mitigation projects, as well as to capacity building, before the Paris Conference of the Parties to be held later this year (2015). To achieve this goal, the Board will need to take a number of strategic decisions.


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EL-BELTAGY, AdelMinister, Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt

Professor Adel El-Beltagy is Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Chair of the International Drylands Development Commission (IDDC), President of the Governing Board of the International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM), Chair of the Food and Agriculture Research Council at the Egyptian Academy of Science, Board member of the Council of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), Member of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina Advisory Board (2006–present), and Professor of Agriculture, Arid Lands Research Institute, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Prof. El-Beltagy has served as Board Member of the Supreme Council of Science and Technology (2008–2011), Chairman of the Agricultural Research and Development Council (ARDC), Egypt (2007–2011), Vice Chair/Member of the Board of the Global Crop Diversity Trust (GCDT) (2007–2011), Member of the CGIAR Change Steering Team (2007/2008), Council Member of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) (2006–2011), Chair of the Global Forum on Agricultural Research (GFAR) (2006–2010), Member of the FAO High-Level Committee addressing the implementation of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2006–2011), Member of the European Action on Global Life Sciences (EAGLES), Member of the CDC ICWG – Climate Change (2004–2006), Board Member of the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Board (2004/2005), Chairman of the CDC Integrated Natural Resource Management Committee (INRM) (2003–2005), Chairman of the Center Directors Committee (CDC) for the International Agricultural Research Centers of CGIAR (2002/2003), Chair of the Global Consortium


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to Re-build Agriculture in Afghanistan (2002–2006), Chairman of CDC Task-Force for Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) (1999–2006), Chairman of the CGIAR Consortium for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC) (1996–2006), Director-General of the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) (1995–2006), Member of the CGIAR Genetic Resources Policy Committee (1994–1999), Chairman of the Scientific/Technical Council of the International Sahara and Sahel Observatory (SSO) (1993–2002), Director/Board Chairman of Agricultural Research Center of Egypt (1991–1995), Chairman of Executive Board, Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (ACSAD) (1989–1994), and the First Under-Secretary of the State for Land Reclamation of Egypt (1986–1991).

Awards: Certificate of Recognition from the Board of the Global Crop Diversity Trust (2011). Certificate of recognition from the Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in Near East and North Africa (AARINENA) (2010), The Sultan Qaboos 'First Class' Order for Culture, Sciences and Arts for his contribution to the Development of Agriculture in the Dry Areas (2009). The 2008 State Recognition Prize in Sciences, Egypt. Honorary Doctorate of Science from the University of Khartoum, Sudan (2006). The Gold Medal award for Achievements in Agriculture from the Republic of Armenia. The Academic Status Award for contribution to the Development of International Cooperation in Agriculture from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Elected as a member of l'Institut d'Egypte (founded in 1798). Certificate of recognition from CGIAR. Certificate of Recognition from Asia–Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions. The Al-Istiklal Medal by His Majesty King Abdullah II bin Hussein of Jordan (2005). Honorable Professor of the Scientific Council of Azerbaijan Agricultural Academy (2004). Academician (Foreign Member) of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2002). Honorable Academician of Kyrgyz Agrarian Academy (2001). Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1999). Fellow of the University of Wales (1993).


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Societies: Founding Member of the British Plant Growth Regulator Group. Member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS); International Plant Growth Substances Association; International Society of Horticultural Science; American Society for Horticultural Science; Society for Experimental Biology (SEB), UK; Egyptian Society for Horticultural Science; World Water Council (WWC); Arab Water Council (AWC); and International Water Resources Association (IWRA). He has authored/co-authored more than 165 scientific publications.

Presentation Title: Impact of Climate Change on Dry Areas in MENA Region


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EL-DUKHERI, IbrahimDirector General, Agricultural Research Corporation, Sudan

• Graduate of University of Khartoum, Faculty of Agriculture (1983)• Master’s degree in Agricultural Economics from Washington State University, USA (1987)• PhD in Agricultural Economics from Munich Technical University, Germany (1997)• Professor of Agricultural Economics• Manager of Kordofan Food Information System Project, a US project (2000)• Manager of Kordofan Food Security Project, an EU project (2003)• Minister of Agriculture and Forest for South Darfur State of Sudan (2010)• Director General of the Agricultural Research Corporation (2012)

Presentation Title: Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture–stress Adapted Varieties, ARC Sudan

Presentation Abstract:Documentation of Climate Change Evidence in the Context of Sudan

• The three most common stress facing agricultural productions are low and erratic rainfall, short and hot winter season, and changes in insect pest distribution due to climate change.• Traditional varieties are no longer suitable for the developed harsh climatic conditions.


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• Research has produced adapted varieties through both breeding for such stresses, and also through adaptation of cultural practices such as irrigation regime, water harv esting, soil management to conserve moisture and pest management practices.• The dynamic nature of climate change requires continuation in adaptation measures and most importantly the collective measures of partners and key stakeholders.


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EL-NOKRASCHY, HaniCEO, Nokraschy Engineering GmbH, Germany

Membership in study/work teams:2004–2005: Member of the study teams MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP: “Renewable Energy Potential and Electricity Demand around the Mediterranean and Electricity Transmission to Europe”. 2006: Creator and Administrator of the website “www.menarec.org”, which gathers the conference series of the Middle-East North-Africa Renewable Energy Conference.2006–2007: Member of AQUA-CSP study team: “Seawater Desalination with Concentrating Solar Power”.2007: Member of the Executive Committee for MENAREC 4 in Damascus, 21–24 June 2007.Consulting Member to the German Expert Team for renewable energies within the framework of the German Egyptian Year of Science and Technology.2008: Member of the advisory board for the Bi-Cultural Master’s Course in Renewable Energies, in joint cooperation with the Cairo-Kassel Universities, and a lecturer and examiner.

Membership in organizations:1999–present: Association of Egyptian Businessmen in Germany.2002–present: Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Co-operation (TREC), a network of scientists devoted to climate protection and renewable energy applications.2003–present: European Business Council for Sustainable Energy (e5).2009–September 2014: Co-founder and Member of the supervisory board of the DESERTEC Foundation.September 2014–present: Member of the advisory board to the Egyptian President (responsible for the Energy sector).


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Presentation Title: Egypt's Energy Future

Presentation Abstract: Egypt was severely struck in the past few years by an electricity shortage due to the shortage of fuel for the existing traditional power stations, mainly natural gas and oil.

In view of the expected shortage of fossil fuels throughout the world in the coming decades, it will not be wise to shift from one type of fossil fuel to another. For example, shifting to coal or even to nuclear energy will just postpone the shortage problem and moreover cause extra costs to shift again to a sustainable system of electricity supply.

Especially in Egypt, where the new constitution asks for sustainability in diverse fields and calls for the optimum use of renewable energies in para. (32), it is in fact an obligation to shift the electricity supply system to renewables.

The argument that renewable energies are more expensive than traditional ones is not true when considering that a Concentrating Solar Power station (CSP) with heat storage, enabling a 24-hour operation around the year, will bring the value of its investments in 7–8 years of saved fuel costs.

In nearly all desert regions and especially in Egypt, the conditions to build solar power stations, with concentrating the available sunrays, are very favorable. Egypt has the advantage of having sunny deserts beside the Nile valley, where the population is concentrated.

These power stations concentrate the direct sunrays (this is possible only with direct sunrays) and bundles them on a focus, where the temperature rises to several hundred degrees centigrade. This heat is


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then stored in a storage medium, generally a mixture of molten nitrate salts, to be used any time and on demand.

The stored heated molten salts are passed through a heat exchanger to give heat to water to evaporate it, generating high pressure and high temperature steam. The heat exchanger is thus replacing a traditional boiler in a traditional power station. This process can be supported by integrating Photovoltaic (PV) panels in the power station to enable larger storage of heat at reduced costs.

A plan to gradually replace existing fossil fuel power stations in Egypt with combined CSP and PV power stations would result in more than an 80% renewable share in the electricity mix in 2050. It is thus the most cost effective plan to ensure electricity supply for the future, because it is not a “bridging technology”, which would require a system change again in a few years. The disaster happening in Germany these days, which is the shutting down of nuclear power stations till 2022, is because they were using a “bridging technology”. This example teaches us not to use “bridging” technologies but to use sustainable technologies.


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EL-QUOSY, Dia EldinProfessor, National Water Research Center, Egypt

• Former First Under Secretary of State at the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt• Former Deputy Chairman of the National Water Research Center, Egypt• Former Chairman of the Egyptian Dredging Company, Egypt• Consultant to WB, UNDP, FAO and ICARDA • Visiting Lecturer at Cairo, Ain Shams, Alexandria, and Zagazig Universities.

Presentation Title: Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Egypt

Presentation Abstract:Egypt is 95% dependent in its water supply on Nile water. The Nile River originates more than 6,000 km inside the African Continent. The Nile Basin is composed of three separate sub-basins: The Equatorial Lakes Plateau, Bahr El-Ghazal, and the Ethiopian Highlands. The natural flow of the river in Egypt depends on the precipitation over each of these sub-basins. If climate change affects the intensity of rain in the Nile Basin either by increase or by decrease, water resources of Egypt will be affected accordingly.

This paper attempts to predict the impact of rainfall change on the Nile Basin on the Egyptian water resources.

In the meantime, the impact of climate change on rain which falls on the North Coast of the country, and the effect of sea level rise on groundwater, will also be explored.


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FOUDA, MostafaAdvisor, Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, Nature Conservation Sector, Egypt

Dr. Fouda is currently the Minister Advisor on Biodiversity. He is currently member of Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) of the Intergovernmental science-policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and also member of the Animal Committee of CITES. He is currently Chair of the IUCN National Committee and member of SCOPE National Committee at the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology and is a member of the Center of Environmental Studies at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina. He joined the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) as Director of Nature Conservation Sector (NCS) in February 2000. His work involved implementation of the National Biodiversity Conservation strategy and Action Plans through developing and managing a network of 30 protected areas (about 15% of Egypt’s territory), Biodiversity Development, and Egypt’s commitment to international and regional agreements and conventions dealing with environmental protection and nature conservation. He was in charge of many projects (more than USD 30 million) funded by donor countries and international agencies, such as Global Environmental Facility (GEF) for conservation of natural resources in Egypt. He is the national focal point for several international conventions (Biodiversity, CMS, Ramsar). He is interested in wildlife, conservation, marine biodiversity, and economics of protected areas. He is also in-charge of several non-governmental scientific and environmental organizations (Ornithological Society of Egypt) as well as Member of Board of several learned societies and governmental institutions. Prior to joining EEAA, he was Assistant Dean for Extension at the College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU); UNEP and NOAA Consultant and Coordinator of UNEP Task Team on Land-based


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Sources Affecting the Marine Environment of ROPME, and Implications of Climate Change on Marine Environment and Fisheries of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. He is currently a member of the Global Task Team on the Implications of Climate Change on Coral Reefs and the European Academy for Environmental Affairs. At SQU, he taught several courses on Coastal Zone Management, Advanced Marine Biology, Ichthyology, Fisheries Biology, Fisheries Research Techniques, and Fisheries Management, and conducted ecological survey on mangrove communities, coral reefs, and artisanal fisheries of Oman. He reviewed many fisheries and marine environmental projects in Egypt, Oman and Saudi Arabia. Prior to joining SQU, he was based at Al-Azhar University, Cairo, teaching Marine Biology and Fisheries, in addition to conducting research programs related mainly to the Red Sea and Suez Canal ecosystems. He served as technical member on several national committees (Marine Science, Fisheries Research Council, Natural History Museum of Egypt) at the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. Since his return home in 1980, after obtaining his PhD from UK, he supervised more than 100 MSc and PhD theses, and published about 200 papers and articles on mangroves, coral reefs, marine biodiversity, fisheries biology and ecology, marine invertebrates, environmental pollution, and environmental impact assessment. Visited marine and fisheries institutions in Europe, USA, Africa, Asia, and Australia, and attended more than 200 conferences.

Presentation Title: Climate Change and Biodiversity in Africa and MENA Region.

Presentation Abstract:Africa and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions, representing more than 30% of UN Member States, have rich and varied biological, renewable and non-renewable, resources which are not locally important, but also of global significance for the world’s climate and for the development of agriculture, industrial activities, pharmaceutical production, construction, and tourism. Africa is home to 25% of the


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world’s 4,700 mammal species, more than 2,000 species of birds (20% of all known bird species), at least 2000 fish species, 950 amphibian species, up to 60,000 plant species and about 100,000 known species of insects, spiders and other arachnids. Eight of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots are in Africa. In addition, the coastal and marine ecosystems are extraordinary diverse, including five oceanic realms, four coastal realms, and five fauna provinces. Some of the waters surrounding the two regions, particularly from the Strait of Gibraltar to Guinea, are among the richest fishing grounds in the world. Furthermore, MENA region includes some of the world’s largest reserves of oil and fossil gas, but is poor in water resources and arable lands. It is also considered one of the most arid regions in the world.

Climate change, and its impacts on ecosystems and people, will likely be the biggest threat to biodiversity conservation in Africa and MENA regions in the future. The expected impacts of climate change include shifting rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, shifts in seasons, and sea level rise. The most vulnerable sectors to climate change include agriculture, water, and health; coastal areas and islands are expected to be heavily impacted. An economic loss of approximately 10% due to climate change is projected for Africa. Biodiversity impacts of climate change include shifts in species distribution and range, and the impacts of mitigation activities. There is also concern that existing protected area networks may not be adequate for biodiversity conservation in a time of changing climate. Moreover, the Mediterranean Sea is becoming warmer; its salinity is increasing, and the rise in sea level is accelerating. The Nile Delta is considered one of the most vulnerable sites in the world due to climate change inputs.

Current mitigation and adaptation measures will be present in details. However, the Fifth IPCC Assessment Report (November 2014) confirmed that it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant course of the observed warming of the atmosphere and the ocean since


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the mid-20th century. The report documented both observed impacts of climate change on biodiversity and human well-being, as well as the projected impacts according to a number of scenarios. It also set options for mitigation actions. It is clear that keeping climate change within 2 Celsius will require very stringent mitigation actions. However, the Fourth Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO4), October 2014, shows that it is possible to limit climate change, protect biodiversity, and attain food security. This will require political coherence: a clear policy and legal framework, incentives, monitoring, and public support. These are extremely relevant to Africa and MENA countries to draw strategies for adaptation to climate change, and to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

The current information and expertise available in Africa and MENA regions can contribute to the creation of a regional hub to understand. First: the nature of the threat—the impact of climate change on biodiversity, how biodiversity influences the vulnerability or resilience of ecosystems to climate change, techniques to assess extinction risks across species and communities, how human activities may exacerbate the impacts of climate change, and the technologies available to measure and report these changes. Second: solutions that enhance carbon stocks, conserve biodiversity, and improve human well-being through ecosystem restoration community-level approaches to conservation, incentives to promote sustainable land-use practices, and coherent policy frameworks.


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HAMDY, AhmedExecutive Secretary, Scientific, Technical and Research Commission, African Union, Nigeria

Dr. Ahmed Hamdy is Egyptian-born in Cairo, 1968. Dr. Hamdy is currently the Executive Secretary of the African Union, Scientific, Technical and Research Commission. He is former Head of Science and Technology and ICT Division of the African Union Commission (AUC).

Dr. Hamdy accumulated 23 years of national and international work experiences, out of which 10 years are devoted fully to Science and Technology (S&T) policy for development. His main achievements in the field of science policy were the mobilization of Euro 167 million for S&T and ICT in Africa through the book of lighthouse projects. He is the founder of several African institutions and projects including the African Union Research Grant, Connect Africa Research and Education, African Leadership Programme on ICT, African Internet Exchange Points, African Union Kwame Nkrumah Scientific Awards, the Pan African Intellectual Property Organization, African Science Technology and Innovation Observatory, the African Center for Infectious Diseases Surveillance, and the African Network on Sciences. Before joining the African Union Commission, and for more than 5 years, he was employed by the Korean Space Agency, and Chonbuk National University in South Korea, as a researcher where he coordinated a good number of regional space application projects in South East Asia. It is worth mentioning that Dr. Hamdy is a member of the Egyptian National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, and all his undergraduate and postgraduate studies were in Egypt.


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KABBALE, FredrickEntomologist, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Uganda

• Worked as Demonstrator in the Biochemistry Department, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda (1992–1994). District Entomologist in Kamuli District Government Services, responsible for the planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of control of disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and other biting flies), promotion of productive insects (e.g., honey bees, silk worms, etc.), and vector/pest control, while conserving the useful organisms in the ecosystem (1994–2009).

• Appointed on promotion as Senior Entomologist, Kamuli District Local Government (April 2004).

• Assigned duties as District Production Officer, Buyende District Local Government on 23 March 2010.

• Appointed Acting District Production and Marketing Officer, Buyende District—effective 1 October 2010—responsible for coordination, supervision, management, and monitoring of agricultural (crop and livestock) production and marketing programs, projects, and activities in the district (to date).

• Appointed on promotion as Principal Entomologist, Buyende District Local Government (November 2010).

• Project Coordinator, Farming in Tsetse-Controlled Areas, FITCA Project, a European Union-funded project, Kamuli District, Uganda (coordinating the control and monitoring of human and animal trypanosomiasis and promoting appropriate farming systems in the region) (2002–2008).

• Advised communities on appropriate cost-effective ecologically feasible vector/pest management, monitoring and control interventions (e.g.,


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in infestations of mosquitoes, mites, fleas, jiggers, termite control, etc.), including crops post-harvest handling, and pest control methods (1994–present).

• Provided fumigation services/technical expertise to communities in Kamuli and present day Buyende Districts (homesteads, health units, and institutions, such as schools and offices, against mosquitoes, termites, bats, cockroaches, bedbugs, snakes, and other pests using cost-effective, ecologically-friendly pesticides) (2002–present).

• “Biting Behaviour and Vectorial Capacity of Plasmodium Vectors under Prolonged Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets in the Greater Kamuli District, Uganda” PhD Thesis, MUK, (2008–2013), funded by the UNDP/WHO/TDR and the IDRC/Ford Foundation through the African Population and Health Research Center. Integrated Research on malaria control through an eco-health approach in Uganda in partnership with the rest of East African Countries (2011–2013), (Kabbale Fredrick was the Ugandan Team Leader) funded by IDRC.

Presentation Title: The Influence of Weather Patterns on Biodiversity in Uganda.

Presentation Abstract:Uganda is an African country that is rich in biodiversity and is experiencing climate change, as evidenced by a 2°C temperature increase, increasing incidences of droughts, an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, a rise in sea levels, and a 10–20% increase in runoff in most of the country. It is home to species of world-wide importance and contains a globally-recognized biodiversity of species and habitats that are distributed throughout the country’s vast wetlands, lakes, protected forests, and savannah grasslands.

The impact of climate change is likely to vary considerably across the six bio-geographical regions due to differences in their ecological complexity


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and locations. According to projections by various reports, Uganda will continue to experience rising temperatures, which will increase by more than 2°C by 2030. The growing variability of inter-annual rainfall is also projected to continue, including increased rainfall during the dry season.

It is anticipated that climate change and anthropogenic activities may cause modification in the abundance and rarity of both plant and animal species. Reduction of plant fauna, especially secondary plant mass, could result in desertification. Different stages of maturation are also affected by changes in weather conditions, affecting survival, longevity, and full maturation of the young stages. This in turn may affect abundance and diversity of animal species.

Rapid changes in climate greatly affect weather elements and in turn the survival of animals, including insects. Insects depend on rainfall (water), temperature, and humidity for the reproduction and survival of their young ones. Continued high inter-annual variability and warmer temperatures combined with erratic precipitation substantially increase the likelihood of diseases and pests because both multiply more quickly under warmer conditions. Diseases and pests have been reported at higher altitudes where their presence was previously unknown. An increase in malaria incidences in the colder and highland parts has particularly been observed in the Kabale district in south-west Uganda due to global warming.

A re-emergence of diseases that had disappeared has been realized in the country. Increasing frequency of severe floods due to high rainfall intensity has caused, and is likely to cause, social and economic hardship. Reduced quantities of rainfall and high temperatures trigger plant mass loss and promote desertification. Insects depend on plants for food (plant sap and forage), shelter, and protection from predators. Therefore the reductions of plant mass resulting in desertification may greatly affect the abundance of insects.


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Desertification is also promoted by anthropogenic activities, which include the following: forest clearing, logging, and over-harvesting. These in turn reduce the habitats of animals affecting biodiversity. Control of anthropogenic activities that promote desertification and reduce abundance and diversity of species is recommended.

Many initiatives in Uganda support biodiversity and management of ecosystem resources, and some of these initiatives focus on climate change. However, the lack of enforcement of existing policies and regulations that prevent overuse of forest resources, agricultural encroachment, human settlement in forests, as well as failure to protect wetlands, continue to prevent sustainable use of ecosystem resources, thus impacting biological diversity.

It is of paramount importance to build the knowledge base and data on weather patterns and their influence on biodiversity and ecosystem goods and services through improved monitoring of weather patterns and biodiversity. An outline plan of strategies and actions for managing habitat changes due to invasive species, pests, and diseases, as well as other eco-hydrological changes linked to climate change, should also be drawn. There is a need to raise awareness to stakeholders on the likely impact of weather changes on biodiversity as well as the strengthening of the institutional capacity to design and implement adaptation and mitigation strategies.


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KUGARA, JamesonChairman, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe

• Chairman and Senior Lecturer, University of Zimbabwe, Chemistry Department (2010–present).

• Member of the National Coordination Committee at the Stockholm Convention on Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) within The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Management.

• Consultant and Adviser to the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Management, especially on global warming and climate change.

• Associate member of the Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

• Lecturer, University of Zimbabwe, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe (June 2007–June 2010). • Process Chemist, Quality Controller, and Wastewater Management

Team Leader at Muromachi Chemical Inc., Ohmuta, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan (April 2004–May 2007).

• Managed a team of 16 quality control technicians and four researchers at Muromachi Chemical Inc.

• Supervised the calibration of all analytical instruments found in a modern analytical laboratory environment. Supervised the analysis of resin samples for moisture content, functionalization achievements, etc.

• Supervised researchers who carried out research on wastewater management, resin functionalization and elution, and resin regeneration and reconditioning for the proper protection of the environment.

• Supervised quality controllers of 35 electroplating chemical baths and


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various compounds, including chromium, nickel, and copper solutions. He also did the quality control and quality assurance for the plastic electroplating solutions involved in the motor industry as Chief Chemist at the Muromachi Chemical Inc. division of chromium plating, where he was responsible for the day to day maintainance of more than 35 chemical solutions baths used for plastic electroplating purposes.

Presentation Title: Climate Change and Bioversity: A Case Study for Southern Africa

Presentation Abstract:Recently, climate change has become the day to day talk of everyone. It was rare to hear anyone talking about climate change before. Due to numerous problems experienced frequently in this century, many communities have learnt the term 'climate change', from villagers to scientists.

Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Malawi have suffered a number of disasters in the present and recent past due to climate related disasters. Climate change has no positive side because both floods and droughts cause humans, plants, and animals to suffer. Droughts generate dry and arid areas which on a large scale bring hunger to humans and animals. Either way, humans and animals are forced to beg from the Creator. While drought kills people gradually due to starvation, floods kill people and animals instantly by drowning them and submerging their personal belongings, food, domestic animals, crops, etc.

At Chingwizi, in the Masvingo province of Zimbabwe, more than 200 families were made homeless by a threat of floods which was caused by a dam constructed to ease the problems associated with drought. The families were made poor immediately because all their property was submerged under water and they themselves had to be airlifted by army helicopters to safe areas.


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In Murazabani, the same thing happened this year; villagers in the Zambezi Valley were swept away, while in deep sleep, due to floods. Southern Malawi was pounded with heavy rains which made more than 200 families homeless and killed at least 50 people. In Mozambique, villagers are threatened by floods every year. At one time, a villager was rescued after two weeks by British helicopters while he clinged for safety in a tree which was almost submerged in the water.

The major cause of climate change is the continuous emission of greenhouse gases which in turn triggers a number of chemical reactions which also create global warming in the whole world which is covered by one blanket.

When a region is hit by floods, all civilization is destroyed within a day, safe portable water disappears within a day, health facilities disappear within a day, shelter disappears within a day, and food disappears within a day. Diseases erupt as soon as the sanitary facilities are destroyed. This happens everywhere irrespective of region, country, or religion because this phenomena is a natural disaster. Although much effort is being put to address these numerous challenges, the battle is still very far from being over.


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MABROUK, Badr Professor of Groundwater, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University; Head, Water Risk Excellency Center, Egypt

• Head of Water Risk Center, Zagazig university. • Supervisor at the Academy of Science and Technology, E. Nile Delta branch.• Egyptian PI of EU project – FP7 "Global Climate Induced on Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta and the North Coast, Egypt" • Egyptian PI for Italy – Egypt joint venture co-operation "Global Climatic Changes and Their Impacts on South Italy and the North Coast of the Nile Delta". • Supervised many Rain Water Harvesting and Ground Water Recharge projects in India, Sri lanka, and Ethiopia .• Member of Board of many projects with the NARSS dealing with the study of hydrodynamic systems of aquifers in the Nile Delta, New Valley, and North Sinai.• UNESCO expert in the field of Development of Running Rivers in the Czech and Slovakia Republics.• Supervised thousands of drilling water wells and many water stations of treatment and desalination in Sudan, W.D. Egypt, Ethiopia, Afghanistan, Nile Delta, and the Desert Belt.• Member of Board of, and advisor to, NAWSAD for evaluating all reports of engineering effects on ground water and dewatering systems.

Presentation Title: Global Climate Induced on Water Resources on the Northern Coast of the Nile Delta, Egypt-CLIMB, FP7


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Presentation Abstract: The CLIMB project aims to study and analyze the impacts of climate change on water resources and infrastructure in a region spanning from the coast line of Greater Alexandria to the central Nile Delta region. It is investigated as to which extent to enhance negative impacts on deltaic and coastal ecosystems and human health, food availability, water access and utilization as well as the operation of water infrastructure, such as irrigation systems, which are of the greatest importance in the Nile Delta to sustain the region’s agricultural productivity as well as other key strategic sectors of regional economies. The activities are focused on the following working items:

1- Assessing the impacts of rising sea levels and adjunct coastal erosion and flooding as a significant threat to water resources, especially near important coastal aquifers, which are seriously affected by salt water intrusion and thus endure and propagate contamination of groundwater resources (today reaching far inland to the Gharbia region).

2- Ongoing monitoring from intense field campaigning reveals that this effect results from eustatic sea level rise, strong near-coastal subsidence due to anthropogenic activity (extensive withdrawal of groundwater, diminishing river sedimentation), and natural geological processes.

3- Studying the problematic soils where strong subsidence can be related to the interaction of intruding sea water with compressible clay and peat soils which is causing increasing damage to the existing infrastructure in Greater Alexandria. A rehabilitation program has been initiated, extensive structural repair is being performed, and technical mitigation measures are being taken to strengthen existing infrastructure. However, as this subsurface destabilization process must be expected to continue, especially under the enhanced natural and socioeconomic conditions, adaptation options are being analyzed and must be evaluated in a science-stakeholder dialogue. It shall ensure


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mutual problem definition and understanding, joint mitigation and adaptation strategy development, and effective implementation, e.g. by means of new technologies to bar sea water intrusion, to contribute to infrastructure stability and thus civil security.

4- Remote sensing methods (Differential Interferometric SAR) are currently being applied to identify regions of pronounced related effects and to thus identify the ‘hotspots’ of land subsidence.

5- Data is being collected and processed to support a coupled modeling approach to the land surface hydrological model WaSiM-ETH and the hydrogeological model MODFLOW to simulate and project the future impact of CC on the above-mentioned problems. The land surface hydrology scheme is needed to provide a dynamically changing upper boundary condition for the subsurface model. A climate model audit has been performed to determine the most appropriate model projections for the region. Translations of climate projections into hydrological impacts confirm intensified threats to water security. Increasing potential evaporation (in response to increasing temperature) in combination with decreasing water levels in the Nile river, reduced precipitation and groundwater recharge and deteriorating groundwater quality, imposes great challenges to ensure the supply of drinking water and irrigation. Current irrigation strategies are highly inefficient and must be replaced by new and adapted systems. Based on the results of the coupled modeling approach, various scenarios can be evaluated and recommendations for best irrigation practices and groundwater protection shall be provided.

6- On the stakeholder interaction and dissemination level (CLIMB’s WP7), specific questionnaires for water users and water managers have been developed and local workshops have been organized to acquire the current level of understanding and expectation among stakeholders about the impacts and how these relate to potential local, regional, and transboundary conflicts.


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MSUYA, FlowerSenior Researcher, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Dr. Flower Ezekiel Msuya was born in the Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. She holds a PhD in Seaweed Biofilters from Tel Aviv University, Israel; an MSc (Fisheries and Aquaculture) from the University of Kuopio, Finland; and a BSc (Hons-Botany, Statistics) from the University of Dar esalaam, Tanzania. She has worked as a researcher for 27 years: Two years with the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute and the Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) and 25 years with the University of Dar es Salaam in Zanzibar. Her work is a combination of research work, lecturing, supervision of students, and consultancy in marine biological sciences and climate change issues. She specialises in Seaweed Farming and Value Addition; Integrated Mariculture; and Innovation, Clustering, and Cluster Facilitation.

During 1993–1996, she researched the socioeconomic and environmental impact of seaweed farming—the first study of its kind in Tanzania, and in 1995–1996, she pioneered the start of seaweed farming in southern Tanzania. She continued with research in integrated mariculture focusing on seaweed biofilters. In recent years she has been engaged in research and training in innovative seaweed farming to combat effects of climate change, including farming of seaweed in deep waters as opposed to shallow waters and value addition working with seaweed farmers and exports. Her most recent work has been on cluster-based research to address seaweed farmers and processor challenges.

Dr. Msuya has done a number of consultancies, including Climate Innovation and Entrepreneurship (WWF, 2009), combating seaweed die-off due to climate change impact (Birr, 2009), Seaweed Social and Economic Dimensions (FAO, 2009), Occupational Health Problems of


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Women Seaweed Farmers (WIEGO, 2010), opportunities and constraints for youth and women in the Aquaculture sector of Zanzibar (FAO, 2013), as well as starting seaweed farming in other countries—Mauritius, Rodrigues (2011), and Mayotte (2013) among others.

Dr. Msuya is one of five international trainers in Innovation and Clustering. She has trained over 200 innovative entrepreneurs in Tanzania, West Africa, and Mozambique. She is also the Facilitator of the Zanzibar Seaweed Cluster Initiative (ZaSCI), working with seaweed farmers in innovative farming and value addition. As the Facilitator, she has trained a number of seaweed farmers, researchers, and government officials in innovative farming and value addition. Her work has especially helped marginalized women in Tanzania increase their income through production of seaweed value added products, e.g., selling seaweed powder for USD 6.4/kg compared with the USD 0.3/kg obtained from selling dry unprocessed seaweed. Through her innovative work, she has also enabled seaweed farmers to farm the climate impacted higher valued seaweed which sells at USD 0.6/kg compared with USD 0.3 for the lower valued seaweed.

Distinguished Work:• Pioneered the production of the first seaweed value added products by seaweed farmers in Tanzania: Seaweed powder and soap (2008).• One of the pioneers of the deep water seaweed farming technique to combat die-off climate change impact in Tanzania (2005).• Pioneered the start of seaweed farming in southern Tanzania (1995/1996).• Formulated the first marine fish feed in Tanzania using local ingredients (1996/1997). • Pioneered the establishment of the Marine Education, Extension, and Development (MEED) Unit of the IMS (1992).


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• Received first prize for best work in developing seaweed mariculture and utilization in Southern Africa during the 24th Congress of the Phycological Society of Southern Africa (2009).• Best worker of the year, Institute of Marine Sciences (2013).

Dr. Msuya has published 17 journal papers, 10 conference proceedings papers, 6 book chapters, 4 books, and more than 30 research reports.


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OWEIS, TheibDirector, Research Program on Integrated Water and Land Management, ICARDA, Jordan

Currently, Director of Integrated Water and Land Management Program (IWLMP) at International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), based in Amman, Jordan. Since 1991, joined ICARDA and worked in several capacities as scientist, principal scientist, research team leader and research manager. Earlier, joined the University of Jordan, in Amman, as Assistant Professor in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering and in 1970s worked for Dar Al-Handash Consultants (Shaer and Partners) as Field Irrigation Engineer in south Yemen. Received his BSc in Agriculture from Aleppo University, Syria, 1968–1972; and MSc and PhD degrees in Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering from Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA, 1979–1983.

Has over 30 years experience in international research and education, development and human capacity building, and in management of water for agriculture especially in water scarce dry environments. Author of over 200 refereed journal publications, book(s) chapters and conference proceedings in the areas of water use efficiency, supplemental irrigation, water harvesting, water productivity, deficit irrigation, salinity and the management of scarce water resources. Contributed to the advocacy and promoting at local, international and global levels, of the concepts of water productivity and water saving practices in agriculture. Worked/managed research teams in 40 countries and visited 65 countries for work-related matters.


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Presentation title: Managing Scarce Water in Agriculture with Climate Change: A Need for Paradigm Change

Presentation Abstract:Many regions of the world, especially the dry areas, experience increasing water scarcity. In West Asia and North Africa (WANA) per capita annual water availability is crossing redlines in many countries. This situation is worsening with Climate Change (CC). The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report indicates that this region will likely have less precipitation and more frequent droughts, in addition to the rise in temperature and CO2 levels. A drop in water resources accompanied with rapid population growth will further aggravate the situation. As the region will need more food, it is expected that the imports of strategic crops will double in the coming 20–25 years. This will impact food security and threaten the ecosystems services, especially agriculture, and could potentially lead to socio–political instability and conflicts. Agriculture, the largest consumer of water, receives a progressively smaller proportion of the available water resources, while food demand continues to rise. It is therefore essential for water-scarce countries to produce more food with less water “more crop per drop”.

Generally, conventional approaches are used to cope with increasing water scarcity and climate change in agriculture. This is often done without proper analysis of the climate change parameter at the local level and the impact on the resources, crops and cropping systems. Furthermore, coping strategies often respond to climate «variability» rather than climate «change». Current strategies include: increasing crop yields; investing in modern irrigation systems and managing agricultural water demand. These approaches have major limitations. Higher crop yields generally require more water; modernizing irrigation systems, although increase irrigation efficiency, may not result in substantial and actual water savings at the system level; and pricing water for irrigation proved not to be feasible in many countries, at least at the socio-political level.


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In water-scarce areas under CC impacts it is essential, before implementing coping strategies, to properly downscale CC data at the local level; model the impacts of changing climate parameters on various agricultural components; and design the coping interventions to address those impacts. In areas where water is more limiting than land, the focus must shift from increasing land productivity to maximizing water productivity. Increasing water productivity can form a systemic response to climate change impacts on agriculture. Research has shown that it is possible to double water productivity in the next 20 years. This is equivalent to doubling available water resources for agriculture. However, this will require strategic changes in cropping patterns, irrigation approaches, crop improvement, policies and institutions; and greater investment in research and capacity development.

Water productivity can be increased by increasing the productivity per unit of water consumed; by reducing non-beneficial water depletion; and by reallocating water among uses. In agriculture, several practices can increase water productivity including improving crop water management and technologies such as deficit irrigation, supplemental irrigation and water harvesting. Simultaneously, countries may cultivate highly water productive crops while importing crops with high water demand and lower water productivity. Those however, need to be applied in the context of climate change with modifications responding to local conditions. Policy makers must institutionalize climate change research in all matters of life especially in food production and water access, and develop coping strategies based on sound scientific approaches.

Keywords: Climate change, water productivity, land productivity, water policies, water scarcity.


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SERAGELDIN, IsmailDirector, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Egypt

Dr. Ismail Serageldin is Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and Vice-President of the Institut d'Egypte (Egyptian Academy of Science). He also chairs the Boards of Directors for each of the BA's affiliated research institutes and museums. He serves as Chair and Member of a number of advisory committees for academic, research, scientific and international institutions and civil society efforts which includes, US National Academy of Sciences (Public Welfare Medalist), the American Philosophical Society, the Indian National Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Former Chairman, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR, 1994–2000), Founder and former Chairman, Global Water Partnership (GWP, 1996–2000) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), a microfinance program (1995–2000), and former Professor of the International Chair Savoirs contre pauvreté (Knowledge Against Poverty), Collège de France, Paris; and Distinguished Professor at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. Serageldin has also served in a number of capacities at the World Bank, including Vice-President for Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (1992–1998), and for Special Programs (1998–2000). He has published over 60 books and monographs, and over 200 papers on a variety of topics including biotechnology, rural development, sustainability, and the value of science to society. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering from Cairo University, and Master's degree and a PhD from Harvard University, and has received 29 honorary doctorates.

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SOLH, MahmoudDirector General, ICARDA, Lebanon

Dr. Mahmoud Solh assumed office of Director General of International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) on 8 May 2006. He has been associated with international agricultural research and development in the dry areas since 1972 when he became a staff member of the Arid Land Agricultural Development (ALAD) Program of the Ford Foundation in the Near East, the predecessor of ICARDA.

Dr. Solh returned to ICARDA after serving for four years as Director of Plant Production and Protection Division at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for four years. Prior to that he had served ICARDA, with distinction, for 16 years in various capacities, such as Lentil Breeder, Regional Food Legume Breeder in North Africa, Regional Coordinator of the Nile Valley and Red Sea Regional Program, and Assistant Director General for International Cooperation. From 1980 to 1986, he was Professor of Plant Genetics and Breeding at the American University of Beirut, in Lebanon.

Dr. Solh holds a PhD in Genetics from the University of California, Davis, USA, and has an impressive record of scientific publications. Throughout his professional career, Dr. Solh’s involvement has focused on working with developing countries to enhance food security, protect natural resources and improve livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in dry areas. He has in-depth knowledge of needs and aspirations of the national agricultural research and development systems in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. He was involved in developing, implementing, and evaluating agricultural research and development projects, as well as projects for human and


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institutional capacity development. He has long experience in promoting north–south and south–south cooperation. He has rich experience in donor relations and fundraising. Dr. Solh is the author of more than 120 publications/papers and articles, including books and chapters of books. His contribution to agricultural research and development has been recognized through several prestigious awards and honors.

Presentation Title: Coping with Climate Change in the Dry Areas: Challenges and Potential for Agriculture, Food Security, and Improving Livelihoods

Presentation Abstract:For 35 years, the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has been enhancing food security through science and technology, in the challenging and variable environments of rain fed agriculture in the world’s dry areas. In recent years, changes and unpredictable climate patterns have brought additional significant challenges for countries in dry areas to improve agricultural productivity, livelihoods, and food security, creating increasingly complex stressful environments for rural communities.

Climate change has a serious impact on agriculture in dry areas for a variety of reasons. These include: reduced precipitation; more frequent droughts; increases in temperature; changes in climatic zones, from favorable to less favorable to agriculture; shorter growing seasons; and a threat from diseases and insect pests largely due to temperature increases that are emerging in areas where they were not previously a problem. Through these factors, climate change has a negative effect on all components of food security, including: production and availability, accessibility, stability, and food supply.

Countries can adopt several strategies to cope with the negative effect of climate change on agricultural production in dry areas. These include


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strengthening the adaptive capacity of production systems; improving resilience of farming systems; and mitigating climate change by improving carbon sequestration in crop and grazing lands.

The strategies to be followed to cope with climate change in dry areas depend on the targeted production agro-ecosystem in these areas. Production systems in dry areas can be classified in two major agro-ecologies: 1) high potential, or more favorable areas; and 2) low potential areas or marginal lands. The strategies for coping with climate change in these two agro-ecologies differ significantly.

For high potential areas, research clearly shows agricultural productivity can be increased through the sustainable intensification and diversification of food production systems. Strategies for enhancing food productivity under climate change include: adopting improved crop varieties that are adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved management of water and land resources with appropriate inputs. Several examples from ICARDA’s research program will be presented that demonstrate how countries can successfully follow these strategies to improve food security in their high potential agro-ecologies of dry areas.

For low potential areas or marginal lands, the best climate change strategy is to enhance the resilience of agricultural production systems. Pursuing production system intensification in these areas can cause serious and irreversible damage to these low potential agro-ecosystems, resulting in desertification. Here, an effective solution for countries is to develop integrated crop/rangeland/livestock production systems. In these low rainfall areas, small ruminants (mainly sheep and goats), provide an important source of livelihoods for the rural poor—as a stable source of nutrition and as income for farmers who can produce meat, and milk or wool products.


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TANIGUCHI, TomihiroSenior Advisor and Executive Director, Science and Technology in Society (STS) Forum;Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Tomihiro Taniguchi was born in Tokyo in 1943. He joined the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1968, immediately after his graduation from the University of Tokyo, where he majored in Nuclear Engineering.

During his distinguished career of 30 years at MITI as Director and Deputy Director, he was involved in a wide range of policy and administration regarding science, technology, innovation, energy, and industry, and he consistently contributed to the establishment and development of a regulatory regime in order to enhance efficiency and safety in the area of nuclear energy utilization.

In the 1990s, as Deputy Director General in charge of nuclear policy, he was the Japanese Government's Chief Administrative Officer on all aspects of commercial use of nuclear energy and contributed to the establishment of the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA).

Tomihiro Taniguchi served in a number of important positions at international organizations, including OECD Deputy Director for S&T and Industry and IEA Director of Oil Market and Emergency Preparedness. He also participated in the establishment of the International Energy Agency (IEA).

From 2001 to 2010, he worked as Deputy Director General and the Head of Department of Nuclear Safety and Security of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Among numerous noteworthy achievements during these nine years, he fundamentally revised the whole suite of IAEA Safety Standards and established new IAEA Security Guidance Documents, based on which he initiated a series of IAEA Advisory and Peer Review Services. In the same period, he served as the Vice Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for its Third


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Review and was also part of the IAEA group and the IPCC group, which were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 and 2007, respectively. In March 2011, Tomihiro Taniguchi was named Executive Director of the Science and Technology in Society (STS) Forum, and in April, he was appointed as a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Presentation Title: Fossil Fuel Availability and the Future of New and Renewable Energy

Presentation Abstract:The presentation will discuss the following points:• STS forum and RACC activities in energy and environment.• Resource constraints of global fossil energy supply.• Technical and environmental constraints of fossil energy.• Economic competitiveness and the innovation of fossil energy.• Strengths and weaknesses of new and renewable energy.• Solar energy (photovoltaic and thermal).• Wind energy.• Biomass energy.• Waste energy.• Geothermal energy.• Ocean energy (wave, tide, and O-TEC).• Energy storage.• Grid management and investment.• Integration and optimization with large base load power.• Smart city, smart energy infrastructure, and new urban and regional development.• Innovation for internet of energy and on-demand economy.• Financing, risk management, and support measures (funding, tariff, and regulation).• Human and industrial capacity building and research and education networking.• Opportunities and challenges for new and renewable energy in developing countries.• New and renewable energy for global sustainable development.


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ZASLAVSKY, IlyaDirector, Spatial Information Systems Lab, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), USA

Dr. Ilya Zaslavsky is Director of the Spatial Information Systems Lab at the San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego. His research focuses on distributed information management systems and spatial and temporal data integration. Zaslavsky received his PhD from the University of Washington (1995) and earlier received a PhD equivalent from the Russian Academy of Sciences (1990). He has been leading design and technical development in several large cyberinfrastructure projects supported by the US National Science Foundation, including the national-scale EarthCube and Hydrologic Information System. He is Co-chair of the OGC/WMO Hydrology Domain Working Group, which develops international standards for water data.

Presentation Title: Integration of Distributed Hydrologic Information for Desertification and Biodiversity Applications

Presentation Abstract: Desertification and loss of biodiversity are major environmental and socio-economic challenges. A number of systems for analyzing and predicting droughts and associated desertification processes have been developed for the Mediterranean and other areas. These systems rely on the monitoring of water supply conditions, with observations obtained from a number of measurement networks of different types. Heterogeneity in data formats and access protocols across such monitoring systems has been a common issue complicating analysis, modeling, and forecasting. This presentation will focus on recent international efforts to standardize formats and protocols for exchanging water observations. In 2012, a first international standard for water data


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exchange, Water Markup Language 2.0, was adopted through the efforts of the Hydrology Domain Working Group of the World Meteorological Organization and the Open Geospatial Consortium. We discuss the status of standardization for water resource data and hydrologic features and demonstrate how standard-based water information systems are used to build local capacity for more comprehensive integrated analysis and the modeling of key environmental processes at various scales.


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Hussein AbazaChief, Economics and Trade Branch, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Division of Technology, Industry and Economics

Hussein Abaza is the Founder of the Center for Sustainable Development Solutions (CSDS). He is a former Director of the Economics and Trade Branch of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). He holds a BA from the American University in Cairo; an MPhil in Urban Housing Planning from the University of Bradford, UK; and a PhD from Walsebridge University, USA. During his tenure with the UNEP (1982–2009), he was responsible for formulating and overseeing the implementation of the Economics and Trade program and led the team which conceptualized and launched the UNEP Green Economy initiative in October 2008. He founded CSDS in 2011 with the main objectives of promoting green economy and sustainable development, with particular focus on Egypt and the Middle East. The Center aims to achieve this objective through technical support, research, training programs, community-based activities, and public awareness campaigns. He currently functions as Senior Advisor to the Egyptian Minister of Environment.

Presentation Title: Transitioning to a Green Economy – A Tool to Address Climate Change

Presentation Abstract: Green economy provides a powerful tool for achieving sustainable development, which in turn contributes towards addressing climate change concerns. Among the main guiding principles for green economy are resource efficiency; pollution reduction, prevention, and avoidance; environmental conservation; and human welfare. Greening the economy results in reduced energy consumption, use of fossil fuel, increased use of renewable energy, and consequently reduced CO2


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emissions. Transition to a green economy requires political commitment and a long-term vision on the part of the government. A package of policies and measures will need to be developed and introduced to facilitate this transition at the macro and sectoral levels. Following this path will put the economy on a sustainable path of development, which will consequently contribute to addressing climate change concerns.

Regional Action on Climate Change Workshop Booklet.pdf · in Egypt and the Arab World. He was...

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Transcript of Regional Action on Climate Change Workshop Booklet.pdf · in Egypt and the Arab World. He was...