Regents Biology Digestive System Midterm Content.
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Transcript of Regents Biology Digestive System Midterm Content.
![Page 1: Regents Biology Digestive System Midterm Content.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f1a5503460f94c2ff57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regents Biology
Digestive SystemMidterm Content
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Human digestive system
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Mouth
Teeth - mechanical digestion break up food
Saliva - chemical digestion amylase enzyme digests starch
All thatin spit
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Esophagus –Swallowing (& not choking)
Epiglottis flap of cartilage closes trachea (windpipe) when swallowing food travels down esophagus
Peristalsis
involuntary muscle contractions to move food along
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Small intestine Functions
digestion digest carbohydrates
amylase from pancreas
digest proteins trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas
digest lipids (fats) bile from liver & lipase from pancreas
absorption nutrients move into body cells by:
diffusionactive transport
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Absorption in Small Intestines Nutrient absorption through villi
finger-like projections increases surface area for absorption
SMALL INTESTINES6 meters long,but can stretch
to cover a tennis court
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Liver & Gall Bladder Produces bile
breaks up fats gallbladder only stores bile
that’s why you can have your gall bladder removed
bile contains colors from old red blood cells collected in liver =iron in RBC rusts & makes feces brown
bile contains colors from old red blood cells collected in liver =iron in RBC rusts & makes feces brown
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Function re-absorbs water
not enough water re-absorbed Diarrhea
too much water re-absorbed constipation
Large intestines (colon)
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Rectum Last section of large intestines
eliminate feces what’s left over?
undigested materials mainly cellulose from plants called roughage or fiber keeps everything moving & cleans out
intestines
masses of bacteria
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You’ve got company! Living in the large intestine is a
community of helpful bacteria Escherichia coli: E. coli
Help digest cellulose digests fruits & vegetables
produce vitamins vitamin K & B vitamins
BUT generate gases by-product of bacterial metabolism methane, hydrogen sulfide STINKY!
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stomachkills germs break up fooddigest proteinsstore food
mouthbreak up fooddigest starchkill germsmoisten food
small intestinesbreakdown food
- proteins- starch- fats
absorb nutrients
pancreasproduces enzymes to digest proteins & carbs
liverproduces bile
- stored in gall bladderbreak up fats
large intestinesabsorb water
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Trivia 1
The function of the digestive system is to . . .
a.chemically break down food
b.absorb nutrient materials
c.mechanically break apart food
d.all of the above
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Trivia 2
The villi of the small intestine allow for an increase in the rate of . . .
a.nutrient absorption
b.acid production
c.cellulose digestion
d.bile production
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Trivia 3
Enzymes in saliva begin the chemical digestion of . . .
a.fat
b.Protein
c.carbohydrates
d.vitamins
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Trivia 4
Where does protein digestion start in the human body?
a.the mouth
b. the stomach
c. the small intestine
d.large intestine
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Trivia 5
The main function of the large intestine is to:
a.store waste
b.absorb water from digested food
c.digest proteins
d.none of the above