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ARK504 ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE III

Mohd Nasurudin HasbullahDepartment of Architecture

UiTM Perak

BSc of (Architecture)

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REFUSE/WASTE MANAGEMENT Element of solid waste management eve opmen o so was e managemen Status of Solid Waste management Waste Generation Role of Federal, State And Local Government Legislation Related of Solid Waste management

REFUSE/WASTE HIERARCHY

REFUSE COLLECTION Types of collection Collection method

REFUSE DISPOSAL METHOD

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is the collection, transport, processing, recycling ordisposal of waste materials Usuall ones roduced b human activity, in an effort to

reduce their effect on human health or local aesthetics oramenity. can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances with

different methods and fields of expertise for each. practices differ for developed and developing nations, for

urban and rural areas, and for residential, industrial, andcommercial producers.

residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas isl l tusua y e respons y o local government au or es commercial and industrial waste is usually the

responsibility of the generator

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Generation

Storage

Collection

Transportation and transfer

Processing and Treatment

Disposal

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Restructuring of Local Authority in Malaysia

Local Government Act 1976

Action Plan For A Beautiful and Clean Malaysia (1988) ABC

Interim Privatization Program 1993

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-development in Malaysia resulted in the generation of vastamount of waste.

It is estimated about 17,000 of waste generated inPeninsular Malaysia.

Average per capita generation of waste 0.85 kg/cap/day. About 1.5 kg/cap/day in Kuala Lumpur.

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About 76 of waste generated are collected. 1-2 is recycled and the remainder is taken to disposalitites. About 5 waste collected in KL are reused and recycled. Over 40 of 175 disposal sites are operating as dumpsite. Intermediate treatment is limited to small-scale thermal

treatment plant in resorted islands

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Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisa Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisa Angg. Penduduk Angg. Sisa

dalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan dalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan dalam kaw. PBT Yang Dihasilkan

(tan/hari) (tan/hari) (tan/hari)

Tahun 2004

NegeriBil.

Tahun 2008Tahun 2006

1. JOHOR 2,252,882 1,915 2,309,204 2,002 2,366,934 2,093

2. KEDAH 1,557,259 1,324 1,596,190 1,384 1,636,095 1,447

3. KELANTAN 1,216,769 1,034 1,247,188 1,081 1,278,368 1,131

4. MELAKA 605,361 515 620,495 538 636,007 562

5. NEG. SEMBILAN 890,597 757 912,862 791 935,683 827

6. PAHANG 1,126,000 957 1,154,150 1,001 1,183,004 1,0467. PERAK 1,796,575 1,527 1,841,489 1,597 1,887,527 1,669

8. PERLIS 230,000 196 235,750 204 241,644 214

. , , , , , , , , ,

10. SELANGOR 3,325,261 2,826 3,408,393 2,955 3,493,602 3,090

11. TERENGGANU 1,038,436 883 1,064,397 923 1,091,007 965

12. KUALA LUMPUR 1,400,000 2,520 1,435,000 2,635 1,470,875 2,755

JUMLAH 16,718,610 15,541 17,136,575 16,248 17,564,989 16,987

Source: MHLG 2008nas_din@rchitecture

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Three level of Government

Federal Government

Ministry of Housing & Local Government

Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Dpt.

Department of Environment

Ministry of Health

State Government

Local Authorities

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Local Authorities are the implementing agencies andhave direct responsibility over solid waste

collection, treatment and disposal.

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Local Government Act 1976

Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974

Environment Quality Act 1974

Refuse Collection, Removal and Disposals By-Laws

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a number of conceptsabout waste management,which var in their usa ebetween countries orregions. This sectionpresents some of the mostgeneral, widely-used

concepts.

" " reduce reuse recycleeduce, reuse recycle The aim - to extract the maximum practical benefits

from products and to generate the minimum amount ofwaste.

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Refuse/Waste collection is the component of wastemanagement which results in the passage of a wastematerial from the source of production to either the pointoftreatment or final disposal.

ON-SITE HANDLING Activities associated with the handling of SW until they

are placed in the containers used for storage beforecollection

ONN-SITEITE STORAGETORAGEFactors considered:1. Types of containers used

2. Container Locations

3. Public health

4. Aesthetics

5. Methods of Collection

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MUNICIPAL COLLECTION SERVICESa. Residential

i C b (K b id ) ll d b k d ll ti Curb (Kerb-side), alley, and backyard collection Quickest/ economical

Crew: 1 driver + 1 or 2 collectors

No need to enter property

Most common in Malaysia

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ii Set out, set back Collectors have to enter property

Set out crew carries full containers fromresident storage location to curb/ alley beforecollection vehicle arrives.

Collection crew load their refuse into vehicle

Set-back crew return the container to storagearea

iii Hi h-rise a artment or flats s eciall desi nedchutes or acommunal storage

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b) Commercial-Industrial Collection Services( > 12 m3 )

Large movable and stationary containers

Large stationary compactors (to form bales)

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Refuse/waste collection vehicle (WCV) A refuse/waste collection vehicle (WCV), or colloquially

called a 'Garbage Truck', 'Dustcart' or 'Dustbin lorry' is atruck specially designed to pick up smaller quantities ofwaste and haul it to Transfer Station Building to recyclingor treatment/disposal facilities.

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Automated Vacuum Collection (AVAC) The Automated Vacuum Collection (AVAC) system, also

called "pneumatic refuse collection", transports waste athigh speeds through underground tunnels to a buildingwhere it is compacted, sealed in containers and thencarted away.

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A. GARBAGE GRINDER

A garbage disposer, food waste disposer, or garbarator is aunder a kitchen, - , under a kitchensink between the sink's drain and the trap which shreds foodwaste into pieces small enough to pass through plumbing.

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B. LANDFILL

traditional method and it remains a common practice in most environmental impacts - wind-blown litter, attraction of

vermin, and generation of leach ate (pollute groundwater,surface water, carbon dioxide)

create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is agreenhouse gas

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C. INCINERATION

involves the combustion of waste at high temperatures(burning of waste)burning of waste) Incineration and other high temperature - thermal treatment convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash. A waste to energy plant (WtE) - high-efficiencyfurnace/boilers to produce steam and/or electricity incorporates modern air pollution control systems

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D. RECYCLING to recover for other use a material that would otherwise be to refer to the widespread collection and reuse collected and sorted into common groups - used again aluminum, steel, plastic bottles, glass bottles, paperboard

cartons, newspapers, magazines, and cardboard

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E. MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT is a technology category for combinations of mechanicalbiological treatmentbiological treatment mechanical - bulk handling mechanical sorting stage

(removes recyclable elements from a mixed waste streamsuch as metals, plastics and glass)

biological - anaerobic digestion or composting (producebiogas and soil conditioner)

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THANK YOU..nas_din@rchitecture