Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the...
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Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America
Jill H. Wilson and Audrey SingerAssociation of American Geographers
San FranciscoApril 21, 2007
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Data and MethodologyII
FindingsIII
IntroductionI
Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America
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Introduction: Background and PurposeI
Little is known about refugee settlement at the metropolitan level.
Refugee flows contribute to growth of the foreign-born in U.S. places.
Describing the geography of refugee resettlement can help predict future flows and enable local actors to meet
the accompanying challenges.
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Introduction: Background and PurposeI
Little is known about refugee settlement at the metropolitan level.
Refugee flows contribute to growth of the foreign-born in U.S. places.
Describing the geography of refugee resettlement can help predict future flows and enable local actors to meet
the accompanying challenges.
![Page 5: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction: Background and PurposeI
Little is known about refugee settlement at the metropolitan level.
Refugee flows contribute to growth of foreign-born in U.S. places.
Describing the geography of refugee resettlement can help predict future flows and enable local actors to meet
the accompanying challenges.
![Page 6: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Data and MethodologyII
FindingsIII
IntroductionI
Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America
![Page 7: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Data and MethodologyII
Variables included year of admission, country of origin, city, county, and state of settlement.
Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) database covering refugee admissions from 1983 through June, 2004.
We used the available geographical data to assign metropolitan areas to each record using 1999 OMB
definitions.
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Data and MethodologyII
Variables included year of admission, country of origin, city, county, and state of initial settlement.
ORR database covering refugee admissions from 1983 through June, 2004.
We used the available geographical data to assign metropolitan areas to each record using 1999 OMB
definitions.
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Data and MethodologyII
Variables included year of admission, country of origin, city, county, and state of settlement.
ORR database covering refugee admissions from 1983 through June, 2004.
We used the available geographical data to assign metropolitan areas to each record using 1999 OMB
definitions.
![Page 10: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data and MethodologyII
FindingsIII
IntroductionI
Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America
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Findings: Refugee OriginsIII
31,180Afghanistan1228,809Poland1322,647Sudan1420,925Liberia15
34,665Romania1135,144Ethiopia1035,252Iraq947,753Somalia851,787Cuba761,349Iran671,433Cambodia5
113,504Laos4168,644Yugoslavia3387,741Vietnam2493,040Former USSR1
TotalCountryRank
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Findings: Refugee Origins
1. Cold War Period: pre-1980 to 1991
III
Three periods, which we characterize by the geographical origins of the refugees:
2. Balkans Period: 1992 to 2000
3. Civil Conflict Period: late 1990s to present
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0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
USSR Southeast Asia Europe Africa Other Asia Latin America and Caribbean
Author's tabulations of ORR data
Refugees Resettled in the U.S. by Year and Region of Origin
Prior to 1983: large Cuban and Indochinese waves
Glastnost/Perestroika,1985-1991
Break-up of Yugoslavia, 1992
Expulsions of ethnicAlbanians in Kosovo, 1998
September 11, 2001
Political Conflict: Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, Ethiopia1990s-present
USSR dismantled, 12/91
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Findings: Settlement in Traditional Immigrant GatewaysIII
22,046St. Louis602132,981Philadelphia201434,292Portland311237,436Sacramento291040,149Atlanta16941,239Minneapolis-St. Paul30841,795Washington7742,565San Jose12648,573Seattle23550,714Orange County6463,322Chicago33
114,606Los Angeles12186,522New York21
Refugees Resettled
Metropolitan AreaForeign Born Rank
Refugee Rank
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Findings: Top 30 Refugee Metropolitan AreasIII
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Findings: Shift away from traditional immigrant gateways to newer gateways and non-gatewaysIII
3.47,3352.320,8911.36,066Portland
1.73,7042.219,9572.712,571Boston
3.98,3342.623,7191.25,383Sacramento
4.08,6382.825,1191.46,392Atlanta
4.710,1982.219,9802.411,061Minneapolis
2.65,5372.522,8602.913,398Washington
1.22,6872.724,4713.315,407San Jose
4.08,5553.128,1292.611,889Seattle
0.91,8663.430,1384.118,710Orange County
3.57,5254.137,1314.018,666Chicago
4.39,3355.044,96613.160,305Los Angeles
5.010,86014.9134,1309.041,532New York
Share of U.S.
2000s
2000-2004
Share of U.S.
1990s
1990-1999
Share of U.S.
1980s
1983-1989
Metropolitan Area
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Findings: Shift away from traditional immigrant gateways to newer gateways and non-gatewaysIII
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
1983-1989 1990-1999 2000-2004
Perc
ent o
f All
Ref
ugee
s R
eset
tled
in th
e U
.S.
New YorkLos AngelesChicagoOrange CountySan JoseSan FranciscoBostonSan Diego
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Findings: Shift away from traditional immigrant gateways to newer gateways and non-gatewaysIII
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
1983-1989 1990-1999 2000-2004
Perc
ent o
f all
refu
gees
rese
ttled
in th
e U
.S.
Seattle
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Atlanta
Sacramento
Portland
Phoenix
St. Louis
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Findings: Shift away from traditional immigrant gateways to newer gateways and non-gatewaysIII
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
1983-1989 1990-1999 2000-2004
Perc
ent o
f all
refu
gees
rese
ttled
in th
e U
.S.
New YorkLos AngelesChicagoOrange CountySeattleMinneapolis-St. PaulPortlandSacramentoAtlanta
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Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born population in smaller placesIII
37.614,7225,540Des Moines, IA
38.16,0962,325Manchester, NH
39.54,5591,803Burlington, VT
42.23,3071,397Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA
44.09,3984,131Lincoln, NE
48.13,8881,871Portland, ME
48.99,1314,466Spokane, WA
54.64,7602,601Binghamton, NY
74.43,9922,969Erie, PA
76.13,5722,718Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN
86.67,0136,084Utica-Rome, NY
Refugees as Percent of Recently Arrived
Foreign Born
Foreign Born Present in 2000 Who Entered
1990-2000
Total Refugees, 1990-1999
Metropolitan Area
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Findings: Refugee HubsIII
Voluntary agencies often specialize in placing refugees from specific backgrounds.
Refugees from similar origins often resettled together.
Sometimes, the placement of too many refugees in one area has overwhelmed local communities or stirred
tension.
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Findings: Refugee HubsIII
Voluntary agencies often specialize in placing refugees from specific backgrounds.
Refugees from similar origins often resettled together.
Sometimes, the placement of too many refugees in one area has overwhelmed local communities or stirred
tension.
![Page 23: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Findings: Refugee HubsIII
Voluntary agencies often specialize in placing refugees from specific backgrounds.
Refugees from similar origins often resettled together.
Sometimes, the placement of too many refugees in one area has overwhelmed local communities or stirred
tension.
![Page 24: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Findings: Refugee Hubs: Former USSRIII
Chicago
Seattle
New York
Sacramento
Los Angeles
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Findings: Refugee Hubs: IranIII
ModestoSan Jose New York
Washington
Los Angeles
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Findings: Refugee Hubs: CubaIII
Miami
Tampa
Las VegasAlbuquerque
Jersey City
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Findings: VietnamIII
Houston
San Jose Washington
Los AngelesOrange County
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Findings: Laos and CambodiaIII
Seattle
FresnoMerced
MinneapolisStockton
Sacramento
Boston
Chicago
Los Angeles
Philadelphia
Laos
Cambodia
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Findings: Former YugoslaviaIII
Tampa
Phoenix Atlanta
Chicago
St. Louis
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Findings: IraqIII
DallasPhoenix
ChicagoDetroit
San Diego
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Findings: SomaliaIII
Atlanta
Seattle
San Diego
Washington
Minneapolis
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Findings: EthiopiaIII
DallasAtlantaSan Diego
Washington
Minneapolis
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Meeting local service needs: affordable housing, health care, job training and placement, language
Metro areas differ in their experience with and ability to integrate refugees.
Unlike other immigrants, refugees have access to considerable federal, state, and local support.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
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Meeting local service needs: affordable housing, health care, job training and placement, language
Metro areas differ in their experience with and ability to integrate refugees.
Unlike other immigrants, refugees have access to considerable federal, state, and local support
Conclusions and Policy Implications
![Page 35: Refugee Resettlement in Metropolitan America...2007/04/21 · Findings: Refugees dominate the foreign-born III population in smaller places Des Moines, IA 5,540 14,722 37.6 Manchester,](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022052021/60363704289c621707627928/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Local service needs: affordable housing, health care, job training and placement, language
Metro areas differ in their experience with and ability to integrate refugees.
Unlike other immigrants, refugees have access to considerable federal, state, and local support.
Conclusions and Policy Implications
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www.brookings.edu/metrov i s i t m e t r o :