Refrigerant Management: Reducing the Climate Change ...
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Refrigerant Management: Reducing the Climate Change Impacts of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases This webinar will start at 10:30 AM. Office of Climate Change May 9, 2019
Transcript of Refrigerant Management: Reducing the Climate Change ...
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Refrigerant Management: Reducing the Climate Change Impacts of Fluorinated
Greenhouse GasesThis webinar will start at 10:30 AM.
Office of Climate ChangeMay 9, 2019
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Welcome!Todayβs webinar: Refrigerant Management
Connect to the audio with your phone:
1) Click on the βiβ icon, upper left, for call-in details, and
2) Enter your unique attendee IDwhen prompted.
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Todayβs webinar topic: Refrigerant Management
Problems or technical questions?
Use WebEx Chat
Content questions for speakers?
Use WebEx Q&A
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Agendaβ’ Announcements β Willow Eyres, DEC
β’ Presentation β Refrigerant Management:
Kim Bawden, Pollution Prevention Institute
Marty Schooping, Pollution Prevention Institute
β’ Q & A
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Municipal Clean Vehicle (ZEV) Rebates from DEC OCC
β’ No match; up to $5,000 per vehicle purchased or leased (36 mo.s)
β’ Deadline: July 26, 2019
NYSERDA Drive Clean Rebates: up to $2k for plug-in hybrids or battery-powered cars
NYSERDA Charge Ready NY: $4,000 per port for qualified Level 2 EV charging equipment at locations that provide public charging, workplace charging, or charging at a multi-unit dwelling
Funding Opportunities
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NYS Pollution Prevention Institute Community Grants Program
β’ Pollution prevention outreach and education projects
β’ Deadline: May 31, 2019
2019 Climate Smart Communities Grant Program
β’ Awards up to $100,000 for certification projects
β’ Awards up to $2 million for implementation projects
β’ Deadline: July 26, 2019
Funding Opportunities
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Upcoming Eventsβ’ May 16, Public Health Live! Webcast on CSC
β’ May 17, Garrison Youth Climate Summit, Mid-Hudson Valley
β’ May 29, Capital District Regional Planning Commission Local Government Workshop, HVCC in Troy
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Upcoming Eventsβ’ June 6, CSC Webinar 2019 Climate Smart Communities
Grant Program
β’ June 12, 4th Annual Redevelopment Summit: Pathways to Revitalization, Sage College in Albany
β’ June 19-21, At What Point Managed Retreat?, NYC
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Green Your Commute Challenge!β’ DEC, DOT, NYSERDA and 511NY Rideshareβ’ Challenges municipalities to demonstrate their climate
leadership goals as they support the reduction in GHG emissions from employee commutes
β’ June β end of Augustβ’ Contact [email protected]
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Refrigerant Management- Reducing the Climate Change Impacts of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases
Kim Bawden & Marty Schooping
Kim Bawden, Marty SchoopingNew York State Pollution Prevention InstituteMay 9, 2019
Reducing Climate Change Impacts of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases
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Agenda Background of fluorinated greenhouse gases (GHGs)
β’ What are they?β’ Why are they used?β’ What are the environmental impacts?β’ What is their projected usage?
Alternatives What can you do? Resources Questions
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What is a fluorinated greenhouse gas (GHG) Man-made substance
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were first synthesized in 1928 as a on-toxic and non-flammable replacement for more hazardous compounds
Main uses include:β’ stationary and mobile refrigeration and air-conditioning systems β’ fire protectionβ’ high voltage switch gear β’ semiconductor productionβ’ foams, aerosols and metered dose inhalers
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/publictn/elkins/cfcs.html
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Environmental impacts of CFCβs
https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/statistics/annual_data.html
In 1974, CFCs were found to be an ozone depleting substance (ODS)
In 1987, the Montreal Protocol was signed by 27 countries to phase out CFCs
Complete recovery of the ozone layer is expected by the middle of the 21st century
https://www.state.gov/e/oes/eqt/chemicalpollution/83007.htm
0
50
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150
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1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
Dob
son
Uni
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Dobson Unit Over Time
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CFC replacements
CFCβs are Class I ODSs β’ Relative impacts measured through an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)β’ ODP >.2,β’ Phase out began in 1994https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout/phaseout-class-i-ozone-depleting-substances
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCβs) are Class II ODSs β’ Transitional substitute for Class I ODSsβ’ ODP <.2β’ Phase out began in 2003https://www.epa.gov/ods-phaseout/phaseout-class-ii-ozone-depleting-substances
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HCFC replacements
https://mhaasen.weebly.com/cfc-regulations.html
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) β’ ODP = 0
β’ Significant climate change impacts - measured through a Global Warming Potential (GWP)
β’ Lead to an amendment to the Montreal Protocol β Kigali Amendment in 2016 which began to phase out HFCs in 1/2019
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Climate change impacts of HFCs Climate change impacts are measured by a Global Warming Potential (GWP) GWP of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = 1 GWPs of other emissions are measured in CO2 equivalents (CO2e) to enable direct
comparisons
HFC Application GWP (CO2e)
R22 (HCFC) Older air conditioners 1,810R410A Current air conditioners 2,088R134A Car air conditioners 1,430R404A Commercial refrigeration 3,922
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Emissions of HCFC & HFC compared to cars
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/high-gwp-refrigerants
HCFC HFC
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Fluorinated GHG use continues to rise
Despite efforts to phase out fluorinated GHGs, emissions from these gases have increased by about 70% percent between 1990 and 2017 due to a 240% increase in HFC use.
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases
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Climate and Clean Air Coalition, http://ccacoalition.org/en/slcps/hydrofluorocarbons-hfc
Fluorinated GHGs β potential future scenarios
Demand for air conditioning and refrigeration is increasing as the earth warms and wealth increases
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Courtesy from the NYS Office of Climate Change
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Project Drawdown Top 20 Solutions
https://www.drawdown.org/about
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Alternatives to HFCs
Alternatives exist that reduce or eliminate climate change impacts
There is no one solution for every application (refer to EPAβs Significant New Alternatives Program β SNAP)
Limited βdrop-inβ replacements - retrofitting is often required
Some alternatives are toxic and flammable
Some alternatives donβt perform as well
Updating equipment can be costly
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Alternatives to HFCs
Alternative GWP Pros (+) Cons (-)
Ammonia 0 ODP = 0Highly efficient
Flammable, toxic, differentequipment
CO2 1 ODP = 0Gaining popularity in IR
Different equipment, limited temp range, high pressure
HFOs <10 Already used in some auto AC Systems
Mildly flammableNot yet acceptable in all applications
Hydrocarbons 4 - 8 Already common in small appliances
FlammableNot yet acceptable in all applications
HFO/HFC Blends <750 Direct replacements available for HFCs
Mildly flammable
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What can you do? Understand what fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your
equipment β’ Work with facilities, DPW, local contractor to gather informationβ’ Name of refrigerant (e.g. R-22, R410A)β’ Amount of refrigerant used β referred to as a charge, usually in pounds
Fluorinated GHGs are only a problem when they leak
Keep recordsβ’ Refrigerant, charge, recharges (indicate a leak), maintenance performed
Have maintenance perform leak testing and repair
Examine alternatives through a local HVAC contractor(s)
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Climate Smart Communities Program β GHG Inventory
Fluorinated GHGs Scope 1 Emissions β’ Inventory process emphasizes
emissions from energy consumption and de-emphasizes refrigerant emissions
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Climate Smart Communities Program β GHG Inventory Local Government
Community No mention of refrigerants
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Climate Smart Communities Program β GHG Inventory
Local Government
- Focuses on energy consumption- No mention of an ice rink
The CSC program recommends including only those emission sources over which the local government has operational control. Keep the inventory practical and cost-effective by focusing on the largest sources of emissions; an inventory that covers about 95% of GHG emissions is acceptable and complies with the LGOP. In general, facility energy use, fleet fuels, and streetlights account for about 90% of local government GHG emissions, for those communities that do not operate a landfill or wastewater treatment plant.
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Climate Smart Communities Program - GHG Inventory Resources
β’ Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guide for Local Operations (by NYSERDA)
β’ Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP)
β’ U.S. Community Protocol (by ICLEI)
β’ NY Community and Regional GHG Inventory Guide (by NYSERDA)
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Climate Smart Communities Program - GHG Inventory Resources
β’ Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guide for Local Operations (by NYSERDA)
Emphasizes energy emission inventory and de-emphasizes fluorinated GHGs/refrigerants
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Climate Smart Communities Program - GHG Inventory Resources
Excludes ODSs despite having high GWPs
LGOP
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Example of a missed opportunity
Schenectady 2010 InventoryβIt was reported that 2,250 lbs of refrigerant leaked from the County ice rink coolingsystem. However, it was unknown what kind of refrigerant had leaked. The inventoryteam assumed that the leaked refrigerant was Freon (R-22), not classified as a GHG. Noother refrigerant leaks were reported for buildings for this inventory. This inventory doesreport estimates of refrigerants leaked from vehicle air-conditioning systems.β
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Example of a missed opportunity
Missed opportunity:If included, the leaked refrigerant would have accounted for 1,851 metric tons of GHG emissions, the second highest contributor at 16% of the total.
1,851
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Climate Smart Communities Program β GHG Inventory
Moving forward, language will be modified
β’ Encouraging inventory of all fluorinated GHGs
β’ Emphasizing fluorinated GHGs/refrigerants as Scope 1 Emissions
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What can you do? Understand what
fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your equipment β’ Work with facilities, DPW,
local contractor to gather information
β’ Name of refrigerant (e.g. R-22, R410A)
β’ Amount of refrigerant used β referred to as a charge in pounds
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What can you do? Understand what fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your
equipment
Fluorinated GHGs are only a problem when they leak
Keep recordsβ’ Refrigerant, charge, recharges (indicate a leak), maintenance performed
Have maintenance perform leak testing and repair
Examine alternatives through a local HVAC contractor(s)
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management
Systemβ’ Based on EPA Section 608
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management System
β’ Based on EPA Section 608 of the Clean Air Act
For information, see the EPA factsheet at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-09/documents/section_608_of_the_clean_air_act.pdf
Applicability
> Section 608 leak repair and record keeping requirements pertain to systems with charges of 50 lbs. or more of high GWP refrigerant
> Technician certification, refrigerant sales and recovery, and equipment disposal are required for all systems
> The Section 608 requirements are recommended for any size system.
Technician responsibilities
Owner responsibilities
Re-claimer responsibilities
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management System
β’ Based on EPA Section 608
Technician responsibilities
> All technicians servicing refrigeration and AC systems must pass a certification exam.
> High GWP refrigerants can only be sold to certified technicians
> Must evacuate systems to specified vacuum levels before servicing them
> Must transfer reclaimed refrigerants to a certified recycler
> Maintain records of refrigerant recovery and re-charge
> Share refrigerant records with owner/operator
Owner responsibilities
Re-claimer responsibilities
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management System
β’ Based on EPA Section 608 Owner responsibilities
> Maintain records of:
Refrigerant type
Refrigerant charge
Periodic recharge and/or reclaim
> Calculate annual leak rate
> Find and repair leaks in excess of:
30% for Industrial Process Refrigeration (IPR)
20% for Commercial Refrigeration
10% for Comfort Cooling
Re-claimer responsibilities
β’ Calculation of leak rate
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ( ππππππ.π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
) = π π π¦π¦π π π π¦π¦π¦π¦π π π¦π¦ ππππππ. β365.25πππ¦π¦π¦π¦ππ πππ π π π π π π¦π¦ πππ¦π¦ππππ π π π¦π¦π π π π¦π¦π¦π¦π π π¦π¦
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
=πΏπΏπ¦π¦π¦π¦πΏπΏ ππππππ.
π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦πΆπΆπ¦π¦πΆπΆπ¦π¦π π π π πππ¦π¦ ππππππ.
β 100
β’ Example: the Cold Shot chiller shown earlier required 4.5 lbs. of R410A at a six month inspection.
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ ππππππ.π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
= 4.5ππππππβ365.25182πππ¦π¦π¦π¦ππ
= 9.03 πππππππ¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
= 9.03 ππππππ./π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦37 ππππππ.
β 100 = 24.4 %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
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What can you do? Understand what
fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your equipment β’ Work with facilities, DPW,
local contractor to gather information
β’ Name of refrigerant (e.g. R-22, R410A)
β’ Amount of refrigerant used β referred to as a charge in pounds
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management System
β’ Based on EPA Section 608 Owner responsibilities
> Maintain records of:
Refrigerant type
Refrigerant charge
Periodic recharge and/or reclaim
> Calculate annual leak rate
> Find and repair leaks in excess of:
30% for Industrial Process Refrigeration (IPR)
20% for Commercial Refrigeration
10% for Comfort Cooling
Re-claimer responsibilities
β’ Calculation of leak rate
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ( ππππππ.π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
) = π π π¦π¦π π π π¦π¦π¦π¦π π π¦π¦ ππππππ. β365.25πππ¦π¦π¦π¦ππ πππ π π π π π π¦π¦ πππ¦π¦ππππ π π π¦π¦π π π π¦π¦π¦π¦π π π¦π¦
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
=πΏπΏπ¦π¦π¦π¦πΏπΏ ππππππ.
π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦πΆπΆπ¦π¦πΆπΆπ¦π¦π π π π πππ¦π¦ ππππππ.
β 100
β’ Example: the Cold Shot chiller shown earlier required 4.5 lbs. of R410A at a six month inspection.
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ ππππππ.π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
= 4.5ππππππβ365.25182πππ¦π¦π¦π¦ππ
= 9.03 πππππππ¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
πΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏπΏ %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
= 9.03 ππππππ./π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦37 ππππππ.
β 100 = 24.4 %π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦π¦
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What can you do? Refrigerant Management System
β’ Based on EPA Section 608 of the Clean Air Act
Re-claimer responsibilities
> Analyze and verify each batch of ODS and non-ODS refrigerant to ARHI-700-2016 standard
> Release no more than 1.5% of the refrigerant during the reclamation process
> Dispose or wastes from the reclamation process properly
> Maintain records of the mass of each refrigerant type (CFC, HCFC, HFC) including customer and sales records
> Report records to EPA annually
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What can you do? Leak Detection
β’ Detection type depends on system type and location
Mechanical Room
Split System
Rooftop Unit (RTU) self-contained
RTU Split
β’ Detecting leaks vs. finding leaks
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What can you do? Leak Detection
β’ Mechanical Room
When refrigeration or AC equipment is housed in a closed space, room detection can be effective
Room detectors available from a few hundred dollars to thousands.
> Continuous monitoring of enclosed space
> Can trigger alarms or alerts
> Cannot locate a leakCompressors, receiver, and condenser in a mechanical room.
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What can you do? Leak Detection
β’ Split System (at grade or RTU)
Split system components are typically open to the atmosphere
Leaked refrigerant dissipates before it can be detected by detectors
Identify leaks through maintenance records
Locate leaks with handheld devices
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What can you do? Leak Detection
β’ Rooftop Unit (RTU) self-contained
Usually well ventilated so space detection will not be effective
If the compressor section is isolated, space detection can help
Identify leaks through maintenance records
Locate leaks with handheld devices
Isolated compressor section
Open compressor section
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What can you do? Understand what fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your
equipment
Fluorinated GHGs are only a problem when they leak
Keep recordsβ’ Refrigerant, charge, recharges (indicate a leak), maintenance performed
Have maintenance perform leak testing and repair
Examine equipment and refrigerant alternatives β’ Inquire with your local HVAC contractor or maintenance department
Develop an educational campaign focused on community and businesses
| 49New York State Pollution Prevention Institute
What can you do? Understand what fluorinated GHG (refrigerant) is being used in your
equipment
Fluorinated GHGs are only a problem when they leak
Keep recordsβ’ Refrigerant, charge, recharges (indicate a leak), maintenance performed
Have maintenance perform leak testing and repair
Examine alternatives through a local HVAC contractor(s)
Develop an educational campaign focused on community and businesses
| 50New York State Pollution Prevention Institute
What can you do? Develop an educational campaign focused on community
and businessesβ’ Impacts of fluorinated GHGs
β’ Understanding baseline impacts
β’ Alternatives and resources
β’ Proper disposal at end-of-life
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What can you do? Impacts of Supermarkets can be significant
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/gc_averagestoreprofile_final_june_2011_revised_1.pdf
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Resources Funding: Climate Smart Community Grant Program, https://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/109181.html
β’ Funding available to reduce the impacts of fluorinated GHGβsβ’ Request for Applications, https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/cscrfa19.pdf
β’ Refrigerant Fact Sheet, https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/administration_pdf/cscrefrig.pdf
EPAβs Significant New Alternative Policy (SNAP), https://www.epa.gov/snapβ’ Maintains living list of acceptable refrigerant alternatives by application and industry based on a
comparative risk framework
EPAβs Green Chill Program, https://www.epa.gov/greenchillβ’ Partnership with EPA and food retailers to reduce refrigerant emissions and decrease impacts on ozoneβ’ Free webinars, events, resources, guidelines and toolsβ’ Offer certifications
Clean Air Act, https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview
New York State Pollution Prevention Institute (NYSP2I), https://www.nysp2i.rit.edu
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Rochester Institute of Technology111 Lomb Memorial Drive, Bldg. 78-2000Rochester, NY 14623
Phone: (585) 475-2512Email: [email protected]: www.rit.edu/affiliate/nysp2i
Thank You
Funding provided by the Environmental Protection Fund as administered by the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation. Β©2019 Rochester Institute of Technology. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed are those of Rochester Institute of Technology and its NYS Pollution Prevention
Institute and do not necessarily reflect the views of New York State.
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OCC Contact Infoβ’ Office of Climate Changeβ’ NYS Department of
Environmental Conservationβ’ 625 BroadwayAlbany NY 12233-1030
β’ [email protected]β’ 518-402-8448
Webinar slides & recordings: http://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/84359.html
CSC Certification Portal: https://climatesmart.ny.gov
CSC Funding Programs: http://www.dec.ny.gov/energy/109181.html
