Refraction Refraction in Air · 2005-10-21 · Atmospheric Optics ¥ Scattering ¥ Reßection ¥...
Transcript of Refraction Refraction in Air · 2005-10-21 · Atmospheric Optics ¥ Scattering ¥ Reßection ¥...
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Atmospheric Optics
• Scattering
• Reflection
• Refraction
• Diffraction
The amazing variety of optical phenomena observed in the atmosphere can be explained by four physical mechanisms.
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Refraction
• Green Flash
• Mirage
• Halo
• Tangent Arc
• Rainbow
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Refraction
Light slows down as it passes from a less dense to a more
dense medium.
As light slows it bends toward the
denser medium. Similar to waves approaching a beach.
The amount of bending depends on the wavelength (color) of the
light, leading to dispersion or separation of colors.
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Refraction in Air
Mirage
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Refraction in Air
Mirage
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Refraction in Air
Green Flash
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Refraction in Air
Green Flash
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Refraction in Air
Green Flash
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Refraction in Air
Green Flash
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Refraction in Air
Red Flash
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
22 1/2˚ Halo
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Sun Dogs
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Sun Dog
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
22 1/2˚ Halo
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
22 1/2˚ Halo and Upper Tangent Arc
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
22 1/2˚ Halo
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Halo Complex
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Halo Complex
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
46˚ Halo?
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Lower Tangent Arc
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Refraction by Ice Crystals
Lower Tangent Arc
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Refraction and Scattering
Sun Pillar and Sun Dog?
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Refraction by Water Drops
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Refraction by Water Drops
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Refraction by Rain
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Refraction by Water Drops
Primary Rainbow
Violet
Red
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Refraction by Rain
Double Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
Double Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
Partial Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
Double Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
High Sun: Low Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
Low Sun: High Rainbow
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Refraction by Rain
! Rainbow seen from Airplane
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Diffraction
Constructive interference of light waves can produce
color separation.
The physical mechanism in
this case is called diffraction.
Produces colors on soap
films, oil slicks, and music CDs.
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Diffraction causes Interference
Diffraction is the tendency of light waves to bend as they pass the edges of objects.
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Diffraction by Soap Film
Examples include:
• Iridescence
• Corona
• Glory
• Supernumerary bows
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Diffraction by Cloud Drops
Iridescence
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Diffraction by Airplane Window
Artificial Iridescence
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Diffraction by Cloud Droplets
Corona
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Diffraction by Pollen
Corona
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Diffraction and Reflection
Glory
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Diffraction and Reflection
Glory
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Diffraction and Reflection
Glory
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Diffraction and Reflection
Supernumerary Rays
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Diffraction and Reflection
! Fog Bow: larger drops do not allow dispersion of colors.
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Diffraction and Reflection
! Fog Bow: larger drops do not allow dispersion of colors.
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