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Transcript of Reformation
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Reformation
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Roman Catholic Church
• By the 10th century the Roman Catholic Church dominated life in Europe
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Church Weakens
• 1500’s the church had weekend due to wide spread criticism.
• What enabled the people to question the authority of the church?
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• Printing press spread secularIdeas• Effects on education? • Effects on society?
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• Merchants refused to pay taxes to Rome
• Corrupt and poorly educated church officials
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Calls for Reform
• Reformers believed that the Pope did not have the right to worldly power
• Believed that the Bible had more authority than church leaders
• Is this foreshadowing future events? (power of documents)
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Martin Luther
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Taking a Stand
• Johann Tetzel - a friar raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.
• Indulgence – a pardon from sins.
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The 95 Theses
• 95 formal statements attacking the “pardon – merchants”
• Wittenberg Castle = Reformation• Led to the founding of a Christian
church that did not accept the Pope’s authority
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Spread Across Europe
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Pope’s Threat
• Luther, “Force out the Pope!”• Excommunication – Being kicked out
of the church forever• Luther ignored it and so he was
excommunicated by Pope Leo X
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Holy Roman Empire
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Holy Roman Empire
• Emperor Charles V - tried Luther• Edict of Worms – Give Luther
nothing!!
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People’s Response
• People accepted Luther’s ideas• Followers known as Lutheran’s
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30 Years War
• German Princes protest against Rome = term protestant
• Rome defeats them• Peace of Augsburg – Every German
state can choose its own religion• What social path is Europe now
destined for?
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King Henry VIII
• Wanted a son• Annulment –set aside the marriage• Act of Supremacy – King isthe supreme power in England • Church of England was now in power
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Queen Elizabeth I• Anglican Church - National church of
England• Priests could marry and have a family• If one did not attend a fine was assessed • Is this any different than the rule of the Catholic Church?
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John Calvin • Predestination – God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved • Theocracy – a government controlled by religious leaders.• Geneva, Switzerland
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Huguenots
• French Calvinist• Hunted down by Catholics and Murdered
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Anabaptists
• Choose to be Baptized• Separation of Church and State• Refused to fight in wars and were
persecuted by other Protestants and Catholics
• Influenced the Amish and Quakers
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Catholic Reformation • Ignatius of Loyal- laid out a day-by-day plan of worship• Jesuits - Society of Jesus
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Jesuits
• Founding schools• Convert non-Christians
• Stop Protestantism
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Pope Reformation
• Investigate indulgence• Approved the Jesuit order• Inquisition• Index of forbidden Books• THE INQUISITION!!!!
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Council of Trent
• Churches interpretation of the Bible was final
• Christians need faith and good works for salvation
• The Bible and Church tradition were equally powerful authorities
• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith but the false selling of indulgences was banned
• Is this real change?
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Legacy of the Reformation
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• Religion no longer united Europe• Individual monarchs and states
gained power• Paved the way for modern nations• Laid the groundwork for a rejection
of Christian belief • Helped stage the modern world
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Did the Reformation shape the Modern World?