Refining

By: Natalie Zoglman

What is refining?

It is the purification of a substance or form.

What are some things that can be refined?

Copper Iron Lead Precious metals (ores, alloys, etc) oil Etc.

Processes

- cupellation - Pattinson process- fire refining- electrolytic refining - Bessemer process- etc.

Cupellation

Metallurgical process Example: Extract silver from lead

Cupellation furnacesafter Agricola, 1556/1950

Pattinson Process

Patented in 1833 8-9 iron pots Example: extract sliver from lead

Fire Refining

Fire melting Example: 99.25% pure Copper

Electrolytic Refining

Electrolysis Example: Creates 99.999% of pure

copper

Bessemer Process

Bessemer converter

Oil Refinery

Crude oil Petroleum

ReferencesInformation:

"Cupellation." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupellation>.

"Refining (metallurgy)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining_(metallurgy)>.

"Refining." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining>.

http://www.roughneckchronicles.com/Refining/electrolyticrefining.html

Pictures:

"Copper." Rocks For Kids. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. <http://www.rocksforkids.com/R&M/copper.htm>.

"Base Metals Trading Tips and Market Outlook: Nirmal Bang | Stock Watch." Stock Watch | Stock Specific News. Web. 17 Jan. 2011. <http://www.stockwatch.in/base-metals-trading-tips-and-market-outlook-nirmal-bang-21988>.

http://ozedecals.com/store/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=10&products_id=112

http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=fire+smelting&view=detail&id=60551390A0AA098D8DA5F99F9F51411D74285061&first=1&FORM=IDFRIR&adlt=strict