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NAME INDEX

Anscombe, G. E. M. 43, 45, 106,110

Armstrong, D. M. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 11, 13, 19, 43, 45, 89, 102,108, 116, 121, 161

Austin, J. L. .44Baillargeon, R IIIBaker, L. R. xxiv, xxix, 7, 45,

116,159,239,248,250Bennett, J 141, 142Blakemore, R. P 188Block, N 195Boden, M. A 27Brand, M 125Burge, T 223Buskes,C.J. J.. xiv, 112, 191Cartwright, N 105, 106Chalmers, D. J. xx iii, 195, 222,

226Child, W 191, 209, 242, 243Chisholm, R. M 125Chomsky, N 214Ch urchland, P. M. xxvii , 203,

213,238Churchland, P. S 238Clark, A. 203, 226, 228, 240Corbi, J. E 37, 174Craik, K 206Crane, T 15Crucius, Ch. A 8Cuypers, S. E xiv, 63Damasio, A. R 196, 203Davidson, D. xvii , xviii , xix, xxii ,

xx iii, xxx i, 6, 17, 42, 48, 63,103, 106, 116, 117, 121, 125,127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,

133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138,140, 141, 142, 191, 194, 200,209, 216, 241, 242, 248, 249,250

Dawkins, R 226Dawson, Jr ., J 115Deacon, T. W 204, 208Dennett, D. C. 189, 191, 196, 197,

200,202,209,210,216,228Derksen, A. A. .........xiv, 206, 208Descartes, R. xvii , xviii, xix, 15,

17,21,27,29, 178, 197,219,235

Donald, M 197, 208, 227Dowe, P. 44, 63, 75, 77, 79, 85,

89,92Dretske, F. xxii i, xxiv , xxxii, 102,

116,117,1 51,152,163,164,166, 167, 184, 187, 188, 189,196, 199, 229, 245, 246, 247,248

Ducasse, C. J .44, 49, 106, 125Eberhardt, M. E 93Edelman, G. M 196, 197Ehring, D .43, 45, 60, 64, 92Fair, D .43, 44,50, 74, 106, 107Fales , E 102, 109, 116, 150Feigl, H xviiiFeyerabend, P 238Flanagan, 0 197Fodor, J . A. 31, 117, 159, 199,

204,213,220,229,234,245Francescotti, R 12Frankel, R. B. 188Frege, G 127Gasking, D 108

274 NAME INDEX

Gibson, J. J 228Godel, K 115Goldman, A. 1. xxxii, 160, 214,

216,218,250Gordon, R. M 216Gould, S. J 117Grice, H. P 187Hall, N 68, 153, 161Harre, R .43, 50, 75, 110Hart, H. L 44Heal, J 216Hegel, G. W. F 11Hempel, C. G 76, 116Hendriks-Jansen, H 205, 247Hitchcock, C. R 50, 57, 76,83Holland, J. H 27, 176Honderich, T 59Honore, A. M 44Horgan, T 238, 244Hornsby, J 248, 249Humberstone, 1.L. 12Hume, D. xxi, 8, 30, 43, 45, 47,

48, 50, 58, 74, 75, 78, 85, 108,109, 110, 112, 116, 203, 229,230,232

Hurley, S. L. 193, 197,203Jackendoff, R 208Jackson, F. xxiii, 159, 160, 165,

177,195,213,228,245Jacob, P 187Johnson, M 146Juarrero, A. xvii, 145, 176, 184,

185, 193Kenny, A 145Kim, J. xviii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv,

xxx, 2, 5, 6, 17, 18, 22, 25, 26,29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 47, 48, 53,101, 116, 131, 133, 137, 138,141, 142, 149, 150, 154, 161,182,196,199,212,215,218,

22~ 22~ 234, 235, 236, 23~

238,241,245Kincaid, H 37, 38Kirsch, D 227Kitcher, P 78, 79, 83, 87Kripke, S 221, 222Lakoff, G 146Langton, R 12Leibniz, G. W 11, 199Leslie, A 111Lewis, D. xxi, 12, 43, 45, 49, 53,

55, 56, 64, 68, 69, 116, 117,125,126,129,142,194,236

Looijen, R. xiv, 27Loux, M. J 4Ludwig, K. A. 6, 160Lycan, W. G 204Macdonald, C. A. 2, 7, 133, 241,

246,247Macdonald, G. F 133Mackie, J. L. xxxi, 41, 43, 45, 49,

53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65,66, 75, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 92,107, 116, 130, 135

Madden, E. H .43 , 50, 75, 110Maglio, P 227Malebranche, N 17McGinn, C. xxiv, xxv, xxxii, 156,

167, 200, 204, 206, 207, 208,209,210,213,214,242

McLaughlin, B. P 131, 132, 133Meijers, A. W. M xivMellor, D. H. 15, 62, 116, 117,

119,120,127,129,149Menzies, P. 6, 108, 116, 122, 127,

129Mill, J. S 53, 129Millikan, R. G. xxxii, 1, 151, 185,

186, 187, 226, 230Mourelatos, A. P. D 145, 146Nagel, E 234, 235, 236, 239

NAMEINOEX 275

Nagel, T xxiiiN ewton, I xviiNichols, S 217, 218O'Connor, T I08Oppenheim, P 76Papineau, 0 .45, 60, 64, 74Paul , L. A 68, 116, 153Petti t, P. 159,160,165,177,191 ,

213,245Pinker, S 178, 201, 205, 208Place, U. T xviiiPlotkin, H. lll , 112, 191Popper, K 45Prades, J. L. 37, 174Putnam, H. xviii , 31, 196, 219,

221,222Quine, W. V. O 127, 191Ramsey, F. 127, 140, 206, 215,

236Reichenbach, H .45, 76, 77Rorty, R 238Rowlands, M 225, 226, 228, 246Russell, B. .6, 11,44, 76, 103,200Ryle, G xviiSalmon, W. C. xxxi, 41, 44, 45,

50, 62, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80,82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 93,108, 111 , 125, 126, 135, 143

Sanford, O. H. 116, 121Schaffer, J. 68,69, 70, 71, 76, 80,

81,86,89Schilder, J 193Searle, J. R. 27, 28, 29, 31, 113,

127,169,190,195,223,231

Sellars, W 213Shoemaker, S 3Slors , M. V. P. xiv , 36, 154, 210,

225,237Smart, J. J. c. xviiiSmith, L. B 203Sosa, E 131, 133Spelke, E 111Stalnaker, R 19Stephan, A 27Steward, H. 2, 117, 128, 138, 139,

141, 143, 144, 145, 146Stich, S. P. 199, 217, 218, 238,

239Stoutland, F 230, 231Suppes, P 62Thelen, E 203Tononi, G 196, 197Tooley, M...44, 45, 102, 110, 135Tye, M 196, 244Vallentyne, P 12Van Gulick, R. 176, 244Vendler, Z 145Von Wright, G. H 108Waldrop, M. M 2Wiener, N 184Wilson, E. O 239, 240Wilson, R. A 36Wittgenstein, L. 6Woodward, J 238Wouters, A. G xiv, 162Yablo, S 172, 173

SUBJECT INDEX

aboutness 183accordion effect 194, 248action 248-50

and causal relations 250and control 194as mental causation 193basic 248epistemic 227vs. mere causal output.. 192

action at a distance .46, 156actions See action

vs. bodily motion xxviaddition ofbeing 10, 19,20agency See actionanalog-digital 207Anomalous Monism xviii-xix,

103,131arbitrariness, problem of.. 243artifacts ]89artificiallife 27autonomy

ontological 13backing-up See pre-emptionbeliefs 189, ]90. See also

propositional attitudesas maps 206as physical states 246as symbols 200in nonlinguistic creatures 202,

208incompatible 209

vs. representations 247brain-in-a-vat 2] 9Cartesian theater 197categorical base 31, 236causal asymmetry 29

causal autonomy ]71causal chains

vs. causal lines 77vs. physical connections 91

causal closure 22, 65, ]58, 169,172, 174

causal connections 85-86, 89and physics 76unobservability of.. 76

causal efficacy 155-68. See alsocausal relevanceas pleonasm 160criteria for 158-61of relational properties .. 163-68vs. causal relevance 83

causal exclusion 171causal explanation 61, 128-31

as contrastive 60, 120causal field 60causal generalizations .49causal knowledge 107-13causal mechanisms 75, 90causal processes 78,84-85causal relata ] 16-54causal relations See also causation

as causes 149-51as effects 151-54intensional/extensional ]30

causal role 236causal routes 57causal statements 117-18, 128-31

negative 119causal theory of reference 221causality See causationcausation

and 'efficacy' 91

278 SUBJECT INDEX

and micro-reduction 88and natural law xxi, 9, 70-71,

101-7anthropocentric accounts of 109as circumstantial 55, 104, 152,

206.as constant conjunction 116as exploitation 178as intrinsic 68as persistence 87as physical connection 46, 73-

86as trope persistence 92asymmetry of 30, 45, 59, 64,

91, 151by disconnection 80-82, 96, 97,

120by misconnection 89by omission 96, 119by prevention 96, 119conceptual analysis of.. .44counterfactualist account of..54definitions of.. .43deflationary view of .44-45dependence/connection duality

of 47-48downward 26, 27, 29, 170,

174-79dual nature of 46-50eliminativist view of .44generality/particularity duality

of 47, 48-50in the objects 88in virtue of.. 155-68intuitive grasp of.. 99iteration of.. 149mechanistic account of 74-78monolithic account of .46negative 96-99nomological approaches tol0l-

3

particularist accounts of.. 106-7part-whole and whole-part .... 94perception of.. ....... 107-13, 150probabilistic theories of.. 62regularity theory of.. .47relata of 116-54supervenient.. 169-79theories of 50-51transitivity of.. 68, 153-54upward 28-31, 169vs. emergence 28-31

causati ves 44causes

as singular 48as unit 66complete xxvdisjunctive 65, 67explanatory 60full 53probability-lowering 62producing 60spurious 68structuring.46, 151-53, 166-68total 53

triggering 151circumstances See conditionscommensurateness 172-74common sense xxixcomputation 203computationalism 199-205conceptual linkage

dependence and connection ...5,90-91

mind, perception, and action................ ........... ....... 191-94

particular and property 90-91property and particular .4, 5

concrete 2, 84vs. abstract 2

conditionsbackground 59

SUBJECT INDEX 279

circumstantially necessary vs.INUS 6I-63

fixed 55-58INUS 53-55many-to-one 60necessary 54negative 54, 96-99noncausal 58-59nonsalient 59-60privileged 60standing I34-36sufficient 54, 61

connection See physicalconnections

consciousness 183, 194-98conserved quantiti es 77, 89constitution 250constraining 177content... xxv, 189,200,238

ascription 209broad vs. narrow 220, 245nonconceptual 222propositional 207vs. object ofperception 113vs. vehicle 203

contiguity 30, 46, 47control I77, 226by causation vs. by structure 178correlation principle 173counterfactuals .46 , 55

causality without.. 50, 77, 80nested 96

truth of 55-58criterion oflocal difference 157,

164cybernetic model 184delaying 68deliberation xxii, xxiii, 215dependence

as dependent... 73-74causation as 46

counterfactual xxifunctional 66, 88, 102nomic vs. counterfactual.. .49noncausal 160psychophysical ., 17quasi- 68

desires 190vs. value j udgements 229

direction See causation,asymmetry of

direction of fit 190discontinuity 79dispositions 236. See properties,

dispositionaldistinct existences 58duali sm

Cartesian 178. See dualism,substance

property xvii, 16substance xvii, 8, 16, 17

duplicates 22, 222effects

alteration of 68collateral 63-64net/component 57-58

elementary particles ..2, 13,25,32eliminative materialism See

eliminativismeliminativism xxix, xxx, 237,

238-39emergence 26-28

as a causal relation 28emergentism See emergenceemotions 203empiricism 62, 76epiphenomena 175epiphenomenalism xxix, 170, 175,

195, 201episode 138events 6, 125-46

as changes 134

280 SUBJECT INDEX

as episodes 138-43as particulars 6changeless 141complex 128constitutive properties of 137Davidsonian account of 127-36demarcation of 138-43 , 245essence of.. 141-42fragile 69, 142generic 137hastening/delaying 142identity of 128, 141-42Kimian account of. 137-38, 235linguistic approach to 145mental vs. neural 244mereology of.. 125-27narrative account of 138-43ontology of 82point 126referring to 127, 140subjectless 141temporal shape of.. 143-46

explanationDeductive-Nomological model

of. 76, 217program vs. process 177

explanatory exclusion xxv, 65extended phenotype 226externalism

environmentalist. 225-28etiological. 224-25interpretationist 222-23reasons 228-32semantic 221-22social-linguistic 223-24weak 245-48

facts 6factualism 137first-person perspective 195folk psychology 205, 208, 211-

18,238

as know-how 218in science 218interpretationism about.. 216simulation theory of.. 216-18Theory Theory of 211-15

formal reasoning 203free lunch principle 19-21 , 19,26,

30,31 ,36,37,58,66,1 48,168,224

functionalism .... 199, 211, 235-38functionalization 235generation 160, 250goal-directedness 184-87history 138holism xxii, 171, 241identity 10

cross-time 1mind-brain, theory of.. xviiitoken 36, 235, 237, 7-8type 36vs. constitution 7vs. non-distinctness 39vs. non-distinctness 39-40

implementation 201indeterminism 18, 56, 61-63

and free agency 63indexing 207indication 187-88individualism 228influence .46 , 77

at-at theory of.. 78-80causation as 68

information 187- 88, 200external storage of 227

informational semanti cs 187-89infrastructure 92intentionality xxiv, 183

as constitutive of perception,thought, and action 193

interaction 68vs. intersection 77

SUBJECT INDEX 281

internalism 239about reasons 229vs. externalism 219-32

interpretationism 191, 209-10,216,222-23,241

intrinsicalism 12, 35intrinsicness assumption 156inverted spectra 195inward/outward indeterminacy194irrationality 231irrelevant causal factors 172Language of Thought hypothesis

............................................204laws

and counterfactuals 56, 80, 85,102

as constraints 106basic 23causal l01-6ceteris paribus 103conservation 23, 77, 79, 85intuitive grasp of 112of folk psychology 213of physics 102, 105psychological xviii, 2 I3psychophysicai... xviiirealism about. , 105

layered-world view 25learning 188levels 25, 176of causal explanation 82-83local vs. causal difference 158locality assumption 156Lottery Paradox 208, 216macro-regime 176mark transmission 77materialism See physicalismmeasurement 157mental causation

and causal ontology 115

fifth problem of xxv-xxvii,258-59

first problem of xxi-xxii, 101,102,253

fourth problem of.. ....xxiv-xxv,220,256-58

problem of causal exclusion................xxv-xxvii, 258-59

problem of externalism ....xxiv­xxv, 220,256-58

problem of mental anomalism........ xxi-xxii, 101, 102, 253

problem of normativity .... xxiii,229,232,254-56

problem of phenomenal statesof affairs xxiii-xxiv, 184,256

second problem of xxiii, 229,232,254-56

third problem of.. .... xxiii-xxiv,184,256

mental models 205-9mental states

as dispositions 225as relational 219-32mereology 2,25,34microstructure 13mind

and (ir-)rationality 190-91and language 204and normativity 190and representation 187-90and teleology 184-87as biological 184as software 200input-output model of. 211theory of 218

models 56monism 11moving vs. motion 178

282 SUBJECT INDEX

multiple realization 30, 31-33,234, 235

narrative significance 138, 139natural kinds 22 Inatural meaning 187-88necessitation l0negative causal factors 81, 96-99,

118- 20neuroscience 238no-conceptual-connection test 159nomic sufficiency 160non-distinctness 18nonredundancy 159normative force 229normativity .. 190-91 , 215, 228- 32

as rule-following 203perception of 231-32objects 1overdetermination xxvi , 65-66,

174quant itative 65

pairing principle 94-96for pre-emption 97

pairing problem 89, 92-94particularism 49particulars 1-2

and token identity 7-8, 241as causal relata 118bundle theory of .4, 84creation and destruction of......4featureless 5, 13individuation of .4-5spatial boundaries of.. 135spatiotemporallocation of 2

patterns I05, 176perception 113

as active 192as mental causation 193vs. mere causal input... 192

phenomenal states 194-98physical

merely 16negative account of 15-16

physical base xxviunique 37

physical connections 85-86vs. mechanisms 90

physical infrastructure ..75, 85-86demarcation of 97-99vs. simple connection 81

physical realizationSee realizationphysicalism xvii, 15-40

arguments for 21-23nonreductive 241token 166, 205, 7-8. See also

identitytoken 7pluralism xvii, 16possible worlds 55practical reason 203pre-emption 66-71 , 96, 97

intuitions about 67Preface Paradox 216Principle of Charity 216processes 1, 6, 75

causal 76-78ongoing 6, 143-46temporal shape of 143-46vs. statis tical relevance

relations 83proper function 185

as source of normativity 190-91properties 2-4

as universals 102as ways 4causal relevance of49, 82-83,

155-68, 155-68constitutive 137constitutive vs. characterizing

........................................246determinable vs. determinate ....

11, 31

SUBJECT INDEX 283

dispositional 13, 31-32essential 4functional 162geometrical. 83higher- vs. lower-level ..165-66higher-level.. .9, 30, 33-34, 162historical-relational 166-68impure 161instances of 84instantiation 10intrinsic 8, 12lower-level 30mental.. 219mere Cambridge 161monadic 8n-adic 8nonrelational 77ontological promiscuity of. .3relational 8, 11-12, 34-36,

161-62second-order 236sparse conception of 236spatiotemporallocation of 2special-science- 234system 28terminology 6uninstantiated 3valuational... 122

propositional attitudes 199-210,200as mental models 205-9as physical states 246ascription of 207

pseudoprocesses 78psychological autonomy,

principle of.. 239psychosomatic phenomena 193qualia xxiii, 194-98

representational theories of.196quantum entanglement 79rationality 190-91

realization 16-40explaining supervenience 18indirect 34many-to-many 171-72multipleSee multiple realizationwide 34, 35-36, 37-39, 171-

72,244reasons 215, 228-32

as causes xxiiiexternal 230for vs. of 231functionalist account of... 229motivation by xxiii

reductionism xviii, xxx, 18, 19,31,36,233-40,235-38as method 239-40functional 235-38Nagel- 234-35

regularities 120relationism xxx, 8, 12-13relations 8-1 0

as causal relata 147-54higher-level 10inefficacious 147internal, doctrine of 11-12internal/external 9-1 0micro- and macro- 37ontological promiscuity of.. 3, 8spatial 148temporal 148various types of 8-9vs. relational properties 11-12

representation 187-90vs. misrepresentation 188

representationsas symbols 200consumers vs. producers of. 187vs. beliefs 247

reproductively establishedfamilies 186

rule-following 230

284 SUBJECT INDEX

same cause, same effect, principleof xxi,103

scattered groups 2secret Iife 2, 6, 121, 128signal 46simulation 206simulationism 216-18slingshot argument.. 127social entities 223special relativ ity 76speech acts 223states of affairs 5-7, 73

and persistence/change 73as abstractions 73, 91as causal relata 134-36as including events and

processes 6as particulars 6as time-slices 73higher-levelSee properties,

higher-levelnegative 119properties of.. 121-23social 93temporal shape of 143-46terminology 6

subjective experience 194-98supervenience 17, 45

as indirect.. 171as necessitation 21global 17, 35indirect '" 34

many-many 37mereological 34nonlocal 34-36psychophysical xxvstrong 17weak 17wide 171-72

symptoms '" 64syntacticalism See

computationalismsystems 1teleology 184-87

dynamic systems approach . 184etiological approach 185

temporal parts 144temporal shape 143-46theory ofmental models 205-9Theory Theory 211-15, 238thought 191

as mental causation 193time-travel 79timewise gerrymanders 79trumping 69-71Twin Earth 221unchanges 134-36uncodifiability '" 241underlying 88, 92

as many-to-one 93mechanisms 70

wayward causal chains 193zombies 195

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES SERIES

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