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Index

Abreaction, 3, 82-85, 89 Academic perfonnance, 168-170, 190 Achievement motivation, 170-172 Acting, role-involvement versus, 10 Acupuncture, 11 Addiction

to alcohol, 100-103 dissociative autosuggestions for, 138 dissonance-reduction suggestions to

ameliorate, 102 to narcotics, 115, 176 self-reinforcement techniques for,

131-133, 139 to tobacco, 138-139

Adolescents, suggestibility of, 18 Aesthetic appreciation, suggestions to

facilitate, 180 Affective imagery

for emotional enrichment, 176-180 in induction, 36-37 for insomnia, 112-115

Aftereffects of trance experience, 76-77 Age regression, 85--87, 90 Alcoholism

and impotence, l38 suggestions for, 100-103

Alertness inductions. See Hyperempiria Allergic reactions, 103-105 Alpha-rhythm, suggestibility and, 6 Ambiguity, danger of, 63 American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 82 American Medical Association, Council

on Mental Helath, 6

203

Amnesia arbitrariness of, as "depth" measure,

73-74 elimination from hypnosis and

hyperempiria, 74 stress-induced, 133-135 suggested, 58, 66, 81, 101, 136

Analgesia. See Anesthesia; Pain control Anesthesia, 4, 7-11, 14-15. See also Pain

control "Animal hypnosis," 7 "Animal magnetism," 4-5 Antisocial behavior, suggested, 68-71 Ann catalepsy test

function in induction, 13 paradox of, 56 suggestions for, 55-56

Arm levitation test, 10-11 Ann rigidity. See Arm catalepsy test Artificial multiple personality, 88-89,

96-97 Artistic expression, 172-174 Asthma, 104 "Astral projection," 52 Attention

as definition of "trance," 29 fixation of, during induction, 25

Autohypnosis, 49--52 Automatic writing, 89--91 Autosuggestion

effectiveness with some subjects, 50 to prolong desired improvements, 66 for trance induction, 49--53

204

Autosuggestion (cont.) spontaneous use in everyday life, 49,

162 wording of, 51-52, 138

Awakening from hypnosis, 75

Baquet,4 Barber, T. X., 10-11, 17 Barbiturates, as induction aids, 25 Behavioral regulation and self-control,

suggestions for, 99-145 "Believed-in-imaginings," hypnosis as,

8 Biofeedback, 111-112 Bleeding, control of, 3, 7-8 Body rigidity, as demonstration of

"hypnosis," 7 Braid, James

induction technique of, 12-13, 42-45 surgical use of hypnosis, 7

Canceling suggestions, 55, 64 Cagliostro, 61 Capillary reflex, 8 Cassette tapes, prerecorded

of inductions, 26 with specific suggestions, 26

Catalepsy arm, 13, 55-56 body, 7 eyelid, 13, 54-55

Cataleptic states, species-specific, 7 Catharsis, 82-85, 97 "Challenge" items

counterproductivity of, 56 paradoxes involving use of, 61 as responsiveness tests, 54-57, 69 See also Catalepsy

Charcot, Jean Martin, 9 Charlatans, as hypnotists, 6 Chevreul pendulum, use of

in idiomotor questioning, 94-95 in induction, 43

Children hyperempiric induction for, 39-41 return from hyperempiria, 75 suggestibility of, 39-40

Class participation, facilitating, 169-170 Combat fatigue, 82 Consciousness

subjective nature of, 1S-16 suggested alterations of, 16

INDEX

Construct, hypnosis as, 10 Convalescence, facilitating, 123-124 Correlates of suggested trance

absence of reliable physiological, 6 lack of useful personality, 19

Coueism,I55-156 Creativity, facilitating, 16>-193 Crime, use of subjects in, 68-71 "Crises." See Mesmerism Crystal gazing, 91-92, 13S-136. See also

Dream induction; Fantasy Cultic practices, use of suggestion in

astral projection, 52 past-life regreSSion, 52, 86-87, 149-151 rebirthing, 87

Cults, purported use of "mass hypnosis" in, 70-71

Dangers in trance induction. See Precautions

Deception in trance setting, 58-59 Decision making, suggestion as aid to,

186--187 "Deepening" techniques, 45-47, 54-55 Dentistry

anesthesia for, 120-121 phobic reaction to, 118

Depression, 176-180 "Depth" scales, pointlessness of, 17 Desensitization, 12S-126, 190 "Difficult" suggestions, administering,

58 Disguised inductions, 13-14, 62 "Dissertation doldrums," 190 Dissociation, 8-9, 107 Distractions, preventive suggestion

regarding, 26-27. See also Rapport Distress of subject

during abreaction and catharsis, 83-85 during induction, 27 subsequent to trance, 76-77

Dizziness, as aftereffect, 76 Dream induction

as projective device, 92 for sexual arousal, 137

Dream interpretation, 133-135 Drowsiness, as aftereffect, 76 Drug abuse, 10S-108, 176 Drugs, as aid to induction, 24 Dysmenorrhea, 118

INDEX

Ego strengthening, suggestions for, 174-176

Emmanuel, Victor,S Emotional enrichment, suggestions for,

176--180 Enhanced abilities in trance, purported,

7 Enuresis, suggestions for, 108-111 Esdaile, James, 7 Ethical responsibility of suggestor, 70 Examinations, scholastic, suggestions to

facilitate, 169 Experimental setting, subjects'

perception of, 68-69 Eye fixation. See Fixation objects Eyelid catalepsy test

paradox of, 56 suggestions for, 54-55 use in induction, 13

Eye movements, suggestibility and, 6 Eye opening during trance

spontaneous, 64-65 suggested, 73-74

Failures in induction, 24, 28, 62 Fairy-tale induction for children, 40-41 Faking, 58-59. See also Simulators Fantasy

as component of trance experience, 69 for entertainment, 154-156, 161-164 for growth experience, 153-154,

157-161 with groups, 153 legitimacy of, 149-152 projective, 156--157, 163--164 use of props to enhance, 152-153, 155,

160 Faria, Abbe, 12 Females, suggestibility of, 18 Fixation objects, as induction aids, 12-13,

42-45 Flexibility, in ·administering

suggestions, 68 Foreign language study, 180--182 Franklin, Benjamin, 5-6 Free association, 92-94 Freud, Sigmund, 92-93 Frigidity. See Sexual dysfunction

Gestalt therapy, trance techniques with, 96--97

Giggling during induction, 28 Goal directed imagery, 11 Groups

205

factors enhancing effectiveness of, 61 fantasy trips with, 153 suggestions to facilitate interaction of,

38-39 "surprise" subjects in, 30 use of props with, 31 for weight control, 143

Guided fantasy techniques, 149-163 Guilt reduction, 130--131

Hallucinations, suggested visual, 58 Handclasp suggestibility test, 20 Headache

as aftereffect, 76 alleviation by telephone, 4~9 suggestions for remOving, 121-122

"Heightening" techniques, 37-39, 47, 55 "Highway hypnosis," 45 n Hilgard, Ernest, R., 8 History

of hypnosis, 5-6 importance of in understanding

"trance" behavior, 3-4 of mesmerism, 3-5

Humanistic approaches to therapy, 82-aJ

Hyperempiria defined, 22, 28-29 effectiveness in comparison with

hypnosis, 29 heightening rapport in, 37-39 induction procedures for, 24-37 intensifying, 39 See also Induction techniques

Hyperesthesias, 180 Hypersuggestibility, 13 Hypertension, suggestions for

alleviating, 111-112 Hypnography, 172 Hypnoplasty, 172 Hypnosis

"animal," 6--7 as construct, 10 deepening, 45-47 highway, 45 n and hyperempiria, compared, 22 inductions for, 141-145 origin of, 3-5

206

Hypnosis (cont.) popular notions of, 73 resistance to, 61 stage demonstrations of, 3, 7, 70 susceptibility to. See Suggestibility terminating, 75 theories of, S-11 See also Induction techniques; Trance

experience Hypnotizability. See Suggestibility Hysteria,9

Idiographic versus nomothetic approach, 67~8

Idiomotor questioning, 94-96 "Image problem" of hypnosis, 61 Imagination

in determining responsiveness to suggestion, 18

as explanation of mesmerism, 6 potential of, 81--82 scale of involvement, 56-57 in "trance lOgic," 8

Imitation as explanatory factor in mesmerism,

5--6 in facilitating induction, 30 as factor producing "surprise"

subjects, 30-31 role in emergence of hypnosis, 5 salutary effect of, in groups, 61

Impotence. See Sexual dysfunction Incongruity of thought patterns after

induction, 14 Individual differences in suggestibility,

1S-19 Induced conflicts, 96-97 Induction techniques

administering, 22-31, 53 chemical aids to, 24 common elements of, 31 "disguised," 13--14,62 failures of, 24 function of, 16-17 manner of presentation, 24-25 mutual, 52-53 possible number of, 16 rapid, 47-48 recorded, 26 selection of, 29, 61~2

Induction techniques (cont.) sequential arrangement of

suggestions in, 12 suggestor participation in, 53 by telephone, 4S-49

INDEX

See also Hyperempiria; Hypnosis; Self-induced trances

Injury, dissociation in response to, 9 Insomnia, 112-115 Insusceptibility, 60--61 Intelligence, suggestibility and, 18 Intensifying techniques, 39 Interchangeability of techniques,

167-168 International Journal of Clinical and

Experimental Hypnosis, 82 Interpersonal effectiveness, suggestions

for facilitating, 183 Intropunitiveness, 130

Kinesthetic imagery in induction, 44-45

Learning, role of, 66 Limitation of goals, necessity for, 67 Literal-mindedness of subjects, 63 Lost objects, locating, 86

Maddhi, the, 61 Magnetism, animal, 4-5 Malingering, 5S-59 Massage, 180 "Mass hypnosis," 70--71 Mass movements, 70--71 Mechanical aids. See Props Meditation

imagery, in induction, 29, 33--34 similarity of to suggested trance, 16

Mediumship, as dissociation, 9 Memory

associative basis of, 81 for lost objects, 86 See also Amnesia

Menstrual cramps, 118 Mesmerism, ~, 9--10 Migraine headache, 120--122 Mirror gazing, 91-92 Misconceptions concerning trance

experience, 23 Models, theoretical, 11 Moral standards

violation by subjects, 70 violation by suggestors, 6S-70

INDEX

Multiple personality, artificial, 88--89, 96--97

Murphy, Bridey, 1~151. See also Cultic practices

Musical performance, suggestions to facilitate, 184-185

Nail biting, suggestions to alleviate, 116--117

Nasal allergies, 104 Negatively worded suggestions,

undesirability of, 64 Neodissociation theory of trance

behavior, 8--9 Nomothetic versus idiographic

approaches, 67-{)8 Nonverbal cues in induction, 53

ObeSity, suggestions for, 99--100, 140-145 Organismic involvement in role-taking,

10 Orne, Martin T., 8 Ouija board, 9 Out-of-the-body experience, 107

Pain control, 7-11, 117-124, 176 Paracelsus, 4 Paradoxical insight, 97-98 Peak experience, 176--180 Persistence of uncanceled suggestions,

64--66 Personal growth suggestions

scripts for, 149-193 when not to use, 167

Personality correlates of suggestibility, 18--19

Phenomenological dimensions of consciousness, 17

Phobic reactions, 124-128 Physiological correlations of trance,

absence of, 6, 13 "Positive thinking" movements, 165--166 Postinduction responsiveness tests,

54-59 Posttrance amnesia, 66, 101, 136 Posttrance suggestion, as test of

responsiveness, 57, 64-65. See also Suggestion

Postural sway test, 20-21 Practice, to increase suggestibility, 49-50

Precautions in administering suggestions, 100 with female subjects, 70 during induction, 27 in recording inductions, 30 in self-induced trances, 52 in wording of suggestions, 63-{)5 See also Aftereffects of trance

experience Premature ejaculation, 136--137 Privacy, avoidance of, with female

subjects, 22, 70

207

Problem solving, facilitating, 186--187 Properties of suggested trance,

arbi trariness of, 17, 74 Props, use of

in fantasy experiences, 152-153, 155, 160

with groups, 31 in induction, 25--26

Psychoanalysis, 93 Psychotherapy. See Therapy Public speaking, 187-188 Puysegur, Armand, 5

Rapport defined, 14, 25--26, 37 spontaneous occurrence of, 26 suggestions for heightening, 37-39

Rasputin, 61 Recordings, use of

for induction, 26, 30 to prolong effectiveness of

suggestions, 66 as props, 25, 31, 152

Regression age, 85--87 as explanation of "trance," 15 illustrated, 3 See also Cultic practices

Relaxation imagery, in induction, 41-42 inductions for, 62 training, 128--130

Religious imagery, use of in induction, 25--26, 29

Repetition, function of, in induction, 25 Resistance

to induction, 27, 44 to termination, 73

208

Responsiveness tests rounterproductivity of "challenge"

items in, 56 postind uction, 54-59 subjective scale of, 56-57

Revivification, 3, 82-a7. See also Cultic practices

Role-taking versus acting, 10 aptitude, 10 "to the death," 10

Role theoretic interpretation of trance, 10 "Rubber raft" induction, 41-42

Salesmanship, facilitation by suggestion, 188-190

Santa Claus hallucination, 58 Sarbin, Theodore R., 9 Scale of imaginative involvement,

subjective, 56-57 Secondary gain, 123 Sedatives, as aids to induction, 25 Seduction, 70-71 Self-concept

and impotence, 138 and weight control, 142, 145

Self-fulfilling prophecy, 167 Self-hypnosis. See Self-induced trances Self-induced trances

objections to use of, 49, 52 precautions in using, 52 teaching subjects to utilize, 49-52 use of recording devices in, 26, 66

Self-reinforcement suggestions for, 131-133 use of to stop smoking, 139

Sequelae to trance experience, 76-77 Sex differences in suggestibility, 18 Sexual dysfunction, 133--138 Simulators, use of, 8 Sherlock Holmes approach, 67 Situational drinking, 103 Skepticism

expressed in views of hypnosis Barber' s, 1~11 Sarbin and Coe's, 9-10

among subjects, 23, ~1 Sleep

during induction, 28 suggested, 103, 114-115 trance versus, 3

Smoking, 138-139 SociaI skills, facilitating, 183 Sports performance, 1~191 Stage hypnosis, 3, 7, 70

INDEX

Standard hypnotic induction, 41-42 State theorists, fears of, 17 State theory of hypnosis, lack of

evidence for, 6 Stereotypes

evoked by hyperempiria, 62 evoked by hypnosis, 61, 73

Stress, situationaI, 128-129 Structuralism, 15 Study skills, 168-169 Subjects

coercion of, 68-71 motivation of, SO passive-aggressive, 73, 76 preliminary instructions to, 22-23 questions of, 23 skeptical, 23, 60 slow to terminate, 72-73 unethical, 68-70 unresponsive, SO, ~2 "zombie" stereotype of hypnotized,

73 See also Distress of subject

Suggestibility and alpha-rhythm activity, 6 base line of, 13 of children, 39-40 in clinical versus experimental

settings, 19 distribution of, 18-19 and intelligence, 19 lack of correlation with other

measures, 19 modifiability of, 11, 49-50 negative, 44 and sex of subject, 18 tests of, 13, 2~21, 54-58

Suggestion administering of

to others, 24-25 to self, 51-52 wording of, 63-68

arrangement of, in induction, 12-13 defined, 18 as determinant of "trance," 5 implicit

in "disguised" approaches, 14

INDEX

Suggestion (cant.) implicit (cant.)

in sequelae, 76 in suggestor's demeanor, 26

and "positive thinking" movements, 166

posttrance, 54-57 as responsiveness measure, 49-50 and self-fulfilling prophecy, 167

Suggestion-related imaginings, 14 Suggestor

demeanor of, 52-53, 72 professional qualifications of, 82 role in induction, 24

Surgical operations. See Anesthesia; Bleeding

Susceptibility, trance. See Suggestibility Svengali, 61 Systematic desensitization, U5--U6

Telephonic induction, 48-49 Terminal illness, U3-U4 Termination techniques

for children's hyperempiria, 75 complications during use of, 72-73 for hyperempiria, 74 for hypnosis, 75 See also Sequelae to trance experience

Tests of responsiveness, 13, 20-21, 54-58 Theatrical performance, 191-192 Therapy

minimizing effectiveness of, 67 present techniques not a substitute

for, 100

Thumb sucking, 139-140 Time

condensation, 124 expansion, 115 pseudo-orientation in, 136-137

Toothache, UO Trance experience

as active collaboration, 74 defined, 55--56, 60-61 deepening, heightening, and

intensifying, 37-39, 45--46, 55 purpose of, 17 spontaneous, 29 suggested forms of, 16 See also Hyperempiria; Hypnosis;

Induction techniques; Termination techniques

Trance induction. See Induction techniques

"Trance logic," 8, 115 Tranquilizers, as induction aids, 25 Transference, 15 Trilby, 61 Trust, 48, 183

"Unconscious," the, 16 Unresponsive subjects, 62

209

Vascular headache, 48-49, 120-U3 Visual aids to induction, 12-13, 42-47 Visual hallucination, suggested, 58 Voodoo death, 10

"Zombie" stereotype of hypnotized subject, 73