REFERENCES -...

50
REFERENCES Abd El-Baky, H. H., El Baz, F. K and El-Baroty, G. S. 2004. Production of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri. Biol., 6:49-57. Aboul-Enein, A. M., El-Baz, F. K., El-Baroty. G. S., Youssef. A .M and Abd El-Baky. H. H. 2003. Antioxidant activity of algal extracts on lipid peroxidation. J. Med. Sci., 3:87-98. AbuSaraa, N.F., Emeishb, S and Sallala, A-K J. 2011. The Effect of certain environmental factors on growth and -carotene production by Dunaliella sp. isolated from the Dead Sea, Jordan J. Biolog. Sci., 4 (1): 29-36. Ak, I., Cirik, S and Goksan, T. 2008. Effect of light intensity, salinity and temperature on growth in camalti strain of Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco from Turkey, J.Bio.Sci., 8(8):1356-1359. AL-Hasan, R.H and Sallala A-K J. 1985. Preliminary studies on a halotolerant alga: Dunaliella sp. from Kuwait salt marshes. J. Univ. Kuw. (Science)., 12: 205-215. Alyabyev, A.J., Loseva, N.L., Gordon, L.K., Andreyeva, I.N., Rachimova, G.G., Tribunskih, V.I., Ponomareva A.A and Kemp, R.B. 2007. The effect of changes in salinity on the energy yielding processes of Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella maritima cells. Thermochimica Acta., 458: 65-70 Andrich, G., Nesti, U., Venturi, F., Zinnai, A and Fiorentini, R. 2005. Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive lipids from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp.. Europ. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 107:381–386.

Transcript of REFERENCES -...

Page 1: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

REFERENCES

Abd El-Baky, H. H., El Baz, F. K and El-Baroty, G. S. 2004. Production of antioxidant

by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri. Biol., 6:49-57.

Aboul-Enein, A. M., El-Baz, F. K., El-Baroty. G. S., Youssef. A .M and Abd El-Baky.

H. H. 2003. Antioxidant activity of algal extracts on lipid peroxidation. J. Med.

Sci., 3:87-98.

AbuSaraa, N.F., Emeishb, S and Sallala, A-K J. 2011. The Effect of certain

environmental factors on growth and -carotene production by Dunaliella sp.

isolated from the Dead Sea, Jordan J. Biolog. Sci., 4 (1): 29-36.

Ak, I., Cirik, S and Goksan, T. 2008. Effect of light intensity, salinity and temperature

on growth in camalti strain of Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco from Turkey,

J.Bio.Sci., 8(8):1356-1359.

AL-Hasan, R.H and Sallala A-K J. 1985. Preliminary studies on a halotolerant alga:

Dunaliella sp. from Kuwait salt marshes. J. Univ. Kuw. (Science)., 12: 205-215.

Alyabyev, A.J., Loseva, N.L., Gordon, L.K., Andreyeva, I.N., Rachimova, G.G.,

Tribunskih, V.I., Ponomareva A.A and Kemp, R.B. 2007. The effect of changes

in salinity on the energy yielding processes of Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella

maritima cells. Thermochimica Acta., 458: 65-70

Andrich, G., Nesti, U., Venturi, F., Zinnai, A and Fiorentini, R. 2005. Supercritical

fluid extraction of bioactive lipids from the microalga Nannochloropsis sp..

Europ. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 107:381–386.

Page 2: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

ii AOAC. 1997. Official Methods of Analysis 16th Edition. Association of Official

Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.

Armstrong, G. A., M. Alberti, F. Leach and Hearst. J. E. 1989. Nucleotide sequence,

organisation and nature of the protein products of the carotenoid biosynthesis

gene cluster of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Mol. Gen. Genet., 216:254-268.

Assuncao, P., Jaen-Molina, R., Caujape-Castells, J., Wolf, M and Mark, A. 2013.

Phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 sequences suggests the taxonomic re-structuring

of Dunaliella viridis (Chlorophyceae, Dunaliellales). Phycol. Res., 61: 81-88.

Ausich, R.L. 1994. Production of carotenoids by recombinant DNA technology. Pure

Appl. Chem., 66: 1057-1062.

Avron, M and Ben-Amotz, A. 1992. In: Dunaliella Physiology Biochemistry and

Biotechnology. (Eds.). Avron, M., Ben-Amotz, A. CRC Press, London,

Avron, M., Edelstein, S and Ben-Amotz, A. 1987. Feed supplement. UKPatent

Application Number 2189675A.

Bariaud, A and Mestre, J. 1984. Heavy metal tolerance in a cadmium resistant

population of Euglena gracillis. Bulle. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., (2)597-

601.

Bartley, G.E and Scolnik, P.A. 1994. Molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in

plants. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Bio. J., 45: 287-301.

Becker, W. 2004. Microalgae for aquaculture. The nutritional value of microalgae for

aquaculture. In: Handbook of microalgal culture. pp 380-391, (Ed), Richmond

A, Blackwell Science Ltd., Australia.

Page 3: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

iii Belarbi, H., Molina, E and Chisti, Y. 2000. A process for high and scaleable recovery

of high purity eicosapentaenoic acid esters from microalgae and fish oil.

Enzyme Microbio. Technol., 26:516-529.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1981. Glycerol and -carotene metabolism in the

halotolerant alga Dunaliella: A model system for biosolar energy conversion.

Trends Biochem. Sci., 6: 297-299.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1983. On the Factors which determine massive -

carotene accumulation in the halotolerant alga Dunaliella bardawil. Plant

Physiology, 72: 593-597.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1987. Effect of irradiance and nutrient deficiency on the

chemical composition of Dunaliella bardawil (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). J.

Plant Physiol., 131: 479-487.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1989. The biotechnology of mass culturing of Dunaliella

for products of commercial interest. In Algal and Cyanobacterial

Biotechnology. (Eds)., Cresswell, R.C., Ress, T.A.V. and Shah, N. pp. 90-114.

London: Longman Scientific and Technical Press.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1989b. The wavelength dependence of massive carotene

synthesis in Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol., 25: 175-178.

Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1990. The biotechnology of cultivating the halotolerant

alga Dunaliella. Trends Biotechnol., 8: 121-126.

Ben-Amotz, A. 1993. Production of -carotene and vitamins by the halotolerant alga

Dunaliella. In Marine Biotechnology, Volume 1: Pharmaceutical and Bioactive

Page 4: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

iv

Natural Products, pp. 411-417. (Eds.) Attaway D. H and Zaborsky, O. R. New

York: Plenum Press.

Ben-Amotz, A. 1995. New mode of Dunaliella biotechology: two-phase growth for -

carotene production. J. Appl. Phycol., 7: 65-68.

Ben-Amotz, A. 1996. Effect of low temperature on the stereoisomer composition of -

carotene in the halotolerant alga, Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol.,

32:272–275

Ben-Amotz, A. 2004. Industrial production of microalgal cell-mass and secondary

pproducts - major industrial species Dunaliella In: Handbook of Microalgal

Culture: Biotechnology and Applied Phycology (Edt) Richmond, A. 237-280.

Blackwell Science Ltd., Australia

Ben-Amotz, A., Gressel, J and Avron, M. 1987. Massive Accumulation of phytoene

induced by norflurazon in Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyceae) prevents

recovery from photoinhibition. J. Phycol., 23:176–181

Ben-Amotz, A., Katz, A and Avron, M. 1982. Accumulation of -carotene in

halotolerant algae: purification and characterization of -carotene globules from

Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyceae). J. Phycol., 18: 529-37.

Ben-Amotz, A., Lers, A and Avron, M. 1988. Stereoisomers of -carotene and

phytoene in the alga Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiol., 86:1286-1291.

Ben-Amotz, A., Shaish, A and Avron, M. 1989. Mode of action of the massively

accumulated -carotene of Dunaliella bardawil in protecting the algae against

damage by excessive irradiation. Plant Physiol., 91:1040-1044.

Page 5: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

v Bendich A. 1991. Non vitamin A activity of carotenoids: Immuno enhancement. Trends

in Food Sci. Technol. 127-129.

Bendich, A and Olson, J.A. 1996. Biological actions of carotenoids, FASEB J., 3:1927-

1932.

Bermejo Roman, R., Alvarez-Pez, J.M., Acien Fernandez, F.G and Molina Grima, E.

2002. Recovery of pure b-phycoerythrin from the microalga Porphyridium

cruentum. J. Biotechnol., 93:73 -85.

Bermejo Roman, R., Talvera, E.M and Alvarez-Pez, J.M. 2001. Chromatographic

purification and characterization of its b - phycoerythrin from Porphyridium

cruentum. Semipreprative HPLC separation and characterization of its subunits.

J. Chromatogr. A., 917: 135-145.

Berset, C. 1990. The research situation with regard to natural food colourants. Ind

Aliment Agric., 107:1163-1166.

Bertram, J.S and Bortkiewicz, H. 1995. Dietary carotenoids in habit neoplastic

transformation and modulate gene expression in mouse and tumor cells. Am. J.

Clin. Nutr., 62:13275-13365.

Beyer. P., Kronche, U and Nievelstein, V. 1991. Lycopene isomerase/cyclase reaction

in Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. chromoplasts. J. Biol. Chem., 266: 17072-

17078.

Bhosale, P., Larson, A.J and Bernstein, P.S 2004. Factorial analysis of tricarboxylic

acid cycle intermediates for optimization of zeaxanthin production from

Flavobacterium multivorum. J. Appl. Microbiol., 96: 623-629.

Page 6: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

vi Bibby, T.S., Nield, J and Barber J. 2001. Iron deficiency induces the formation of an

antenna ring around trimeric photosystem I in cyanobacteria. Nature, 412

(6848): 743-745.

Bilanovic, D., Shelef, G and Sukenik, A. 1998. Flocculation of microalgae with

cationic polymers: effects of medium salinity. Biomass, 17:65-76.

Bloch, K. 1992. Sterol molecule: structure, biosynthesis, and function. Steroids,

57:378–383.

Bonshtein, I.G., Korin, E and Cohen, S. 2002. Selective separation of cis-trans

geometrical isomers of -carotene via CO2 supercritical fluid extraction.

Biotechnol. Bioeng., 80: 169-174.

Borowitzka A.M and Borowitzka, J.L. 1986. Dunaliella In: Micro-algal Biotechnology,

(ed.), New York pp.28-58.

Borowitzka, L.J and Borowitzka, M. A. 1989. -carotene (provitamin A) production

with algae. In: Biotechnology of vitamins, pigments and growth factors. (ed.),

Vandamme, E.J. pp. 15–26. London: Elsevier Applied Science.

Borowitzka, L.J. 1991. Development of Western Biotechnology's algal -carotene

plant. Biores. Technol., 38: 251-252.

Borowitzka, L.J., Borowitzka, M.A and Moulton, T.P. 1984. The mass culture of

Dunaliella salina for fine chemicals: from laboratory to pilot plant.

Hydrobiologica. 116: 115-134.

Page 7: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

vii Borowitzka, M.A and Borowitzka L. J. 1988. Dunaliella. In Micro-algal

Biotechnology, pp. 27-58. (Eds). M. A. Borowitzka and L. J. Borowitzka

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Borowitzka, M.A and Borowitzka, L.J. 1987. Limits to growth and carotenogenesis in

laboratory and large-scale outdoors of Dunalella salina. In Algal

Biotechnology. pp. 345-402 (Eds). Stadler, T., Molhan, J., Verdus, M.C.,

Karamanos, Y and Morvan, H.D.. London: Elsevier Applied Science.

Borowitzka, M.A and Siva, C.J. 2007. The taxonomy of the genus Dunaliella

(Chlorophyta, Dunaliellales) with emphasis on the marine and halophilic

species. J. Appl. Phycol., 19: 567-590.

Borowitzka, M.A. 1990. The mass culture of Dunaliella salina. In Technical Resource

Paper. Regional Workshop on the Culture and Utilization of Seaweeds 2.

Regional Seafarming Development Demonstration Project pp. 63-80. Bangkok,

Thailand: FAO Network of Agriculture Centers in Asia.

Borowitzka, M.A. 1992. Algal biotechnology products and processes - matching

science and economics. J.Appl. Phycol. 4: 267-279.

Borowitzka, M.A., Borowitzka, L.J and Kessly, D. 1990. Effects of salinity increase on

carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Dunaliella salina. J. Appl. Phycol., 2:

111-119.

Bottin, H and Lagoutte, B. 1992. Ferredoxin and flavodoxin from the cyanobacterium

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1101: 48–56.

Page 8: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

viii Bough, W.A., Wu, A.C.M., Campbell, T.E., Holmes, M.R and Perkins, B.E. 1978.

Influence of manufacturing variables on the characteristics and effectiveness of

chitosan products. II. Coagulation of activated sludge suspensions. Biotech.

Bioeng. 20: 1945-1955.

Boussiba, S, Lu, F and Vonshank, A. 1992. Enhancement and determination of

astaxanthin accumulation in green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Methods

Enzymol., 213: 386-391.

Bramley, P.M and Mackenzie, A. 1988. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. Cur.

Top. Cell Reg., 29: 291-343.

Bramley, P.M. 1985. The in vitro biosynthesis of carotenoids. Adv. Lip. Res,. 21: 243-

279.

Bramley, P.M., Teulieres, C., Blain, I., Bird, C and Schuch, W. 1992. Biochemical

characterization of transgenic tomato plants in which carotenoid synthesis has

been inhibited through the expression of antisense RNA to pTOM5. Plant J.,

2:343–349.

Britton, G. 1988. Biosynthesis of carotenoids. In, Plant Pigments. (Eds) Britton, G. and

Goodwin, T. W., New York, Academic Press.

Britton, G. 1995. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function, FASEB

J., 9:1551–1558.

Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S and Pjander, H. 2008. Carotenoids, vol 4 Natural

Functions. Birkhauser Verlag.

Page 9: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

ix Brock, T. 1975. Salinity and ecology of Dunaliella from Great Salt Lake. J. Gen.

Microbiol., 89: 285–92.

Carballo-Cardenas, E.C., Tuan, P.M., Janssen, M., Wijffels, R.H. 2003. Vitamin E

(alphatocopherol) production by the marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta

and Tetraselmis suecica in batch cultivation. Biomolecular Engg., 20: 139–147.

Chadwick, B. W and Frank. H.A. 1986. Electron-spin resonance studies of carotenoids

incorporated into reaction centres of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26.1. Biochim.

Biophys. Acta., 851:257-266.

Chapin, F.S. 1991. Integrated responses of plants to stress. BioScience, 41: 29-36.

Chen, H., Jiang, J.G and Wu, G.H. 2009. Effects of salinity changes on the growth of

Dunaliella salina and its isozyme activities of glycerol-3-phosphate

dehydrogenase. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 57: 6178-6182.

Chen, L., Li, P., Liu, Z and Jiao, Q. 2008. The released polysaccharide of the

cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica inhibits flocculation of the alga with

ferric chloride, J. Appl. Phycol., 1-5.

Chevalier, P., Proulx, D., Lessard, P., Vincent, W.F, De la Noue, J. 2000. Nitrogen and

phosphorus removal by high latitude mat-forming cyanobacteria for potential

use in tertiary wastewater treatment. J. Appl. Phycol., 12: 105-112.

Chidambara Murthy, K.N., Rajesha, J., Vanitha, A., Sowmya, P.R., Mathadera Swamy,

M and Ravishankar, G.A. 2005. In-Vivo Antioxidant activity of cartenoids from

Dunaliella salina-A green microalgae, Life Sci., 76(12): 1381- 1390.

Page 10: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

x Chisti, Y and Moo-Young, M. 1986. Disruption of microbial cells for intracellular

products. Enzyme Microbio. Technol., 8: 194-204.

Chisti, Y. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol. Adv., 25: 294-306.

Chisti, Y. 2008. Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol. Trends Biotechnol.,

26:126-131.

Cifuentes, A.S., Gonzalez, M., Conejeros, M., Dellarosa, V and Parra, O.1992. Growth

and carotenogenesis in eight strains of Dunaliella salina Teodoresco from

Chile. J. Appl. Phycol., 4: 111-118.

Cifuentes, A.S., Gonzalez, M.A., Inostroza, I and Aguilera, A. 2001. Reappraisal of the

physiological attributes of nine strains of Dunaliella (Chlorophyceae): growth

and pigment content across a salinity gradient. J. Phycol., 37: 334-344.

Clinton, S.K. 1998. Lycopene-chemistry, biology and implications for human health

and diseases. Nutrition review, 1: 35-51.

Coa, H., Zhange, L and Melis, A. 2001. Bioenergetic and metabolic processes for the

survival of sulfur-deprived Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta). J. App. Phycol., 13:

25-34

Coles, J.F and Jones, R.C.H. 2000. Effect of temperature on photosynthesis light

response and growth of four phytoplankton species isolated from a tidal

freshwater river. J. Phycol., 36: 7-16.

Page 11: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xi Collier, J.L and Grossman, A.R. 1992. Chlorosis induced by nutrient deprivation in

Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942: not all bleaching is the same. J. Bacteriol.,

174: 4718-4726.

Cowan, A. K and Rose, P. D. 1991. Abscisic acid metabolism in salt-stressed cells of

Dunaliella salina. Plant Physiol., 97: 798-803.

Cowan, A. K., Rose, P. D and Horne, L. G. 1992. Dunaliella salina: A model system

for studying the response of plant cells to stress. J. Experi. Botany, 43: 1535-

1547.

Cunningham, F.X., Pogson, B., Sun, Z., McDonald, K.A., DellaPenna, D and Gantt, E.

1996. Functional analysis of the and lycopene cyclase enzymes of

Arabidopsis reveals a mechanism for control of cyclic carotenoid formation.

Plant Cell., 8:1613-1626.

Curtain, C. C., West, S. M and Schlipalius, L. 1987. Manufacture of -carotene from

the salt lake alga Dunaliella salina; the scientific and technical background.

Aust. J. Biotechnol., 1: 51-57.

D’Souza, F.M.L., Lecossois, D., Heasman, M.P., Diemar, J.A., Jackson, C.J and

Pendrey, R.C. 2000. Evaluation of centrifuged microalgae concentrates as diets

for Penaeus monodon Fabricius larvae. Aquacult Res., 31:661-670.

Danquah, M., Ang, L., Uduman, N., Moheimani, N and Forde, G. 2009. Dewatering of

microalgal culture for biodiesel production: exploring polymer flocculation and

tangential flow filtration. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 84:1078-1083.

Page 12: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xii Davis, J.S. 1990. Biological management for the production of salt from seawater. In:

Akatsuka, I. (Ed.), Introduction to Applied Phycology. SPB Academic

Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp. 479–488.

De Filippis, L., Hampp, R and Ziegler, H. 1981. The effects of sub-lethal

concentrations of zinc, cadmium and mercury on Euglena growth and pigments.

Planzen Physiol, 101: 37-47.

De Freitas, J., Wints, H., Kim, J.H., Poynton, H., Fox, T and Vulpe, C. 2003. Yeast a

model organism for iron and copper metabolism studies. BioMetals., 16:185-

197.

Del Campo, J.A., Garcia-Gonzalez, M and Guerrero, M.G. 2007. Outdoor cultivation of

microalgae for carotenoid production: Current state and perspectives. App.

Microbiol. Biotechnol., 74 (6): 1163-1174.

Denery, J.R., Dragull, K., Tang, C.S and Li, Q.X. 2004. Pressurized fluid extraction of

carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and

kavalactones from Piper methysticum. Anal. Chim. Acta., 501: 175-181.

Dhandayuthapani.K. 2004. Studies on the uptake and assimilation of nitrogen by

tropical marine diatoms, Ph.D, Thesis, University of Madras, Chennai, TN,

India.

Di Mascio, P., Kaiser, S and Sies, H. 1989. Lycopene as the most efficient biological

carotenoid singlet oxygen quencher. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 274(2):532-538.

Page 13: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xiii Disch, A., Hemmerlin, A., Bach, T.J and Rohmer, M. 1998. Mevalonate-derived

isopentenyl diphosphate is the biosynthetic precursor of ubiquinone prenyl side

chain in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biochem. J., 331:615-621.

Divakaran, R and Pillai, V.N.S. 2002. Flocculation of algae using chitosan. J. Appl.

Phycol., 14:419-422.

Doblin, M.A., Blackburn, S.I and Hallegraeff, G.M. 1999. Comparative study of

selenium requirement of three phytoplankton species: Gymnodinium catenatum,

Alexandrium minutum (Dnophyta) and Chaetoceros tenuissimus

(Bacillariophyta), J.Plankton.Rev. 21(6):1153-1169.

Doucette, G.J., Price, N.H and Harrison, P.J. 1987. Effect of selenium deficiency on the

morphology and utrastructure of the coastal marine diatom Thalassiosira

pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae), J. Phycol., 23: 09-17.

Doucha, J, Livansky, K, Kotrbacek, V and Vilem Zachleder. 2009. Production of

Chlorella biomass enriched by selenium and its use in animal nutrition: A

review, Appl. Microbio. Biotechnolo., 83(6): 1001-1008.

Downham, A and Collins, P. 2000. Colouring our foods in the last and next

millennium. Inter. J. Food Scie. Technol.,. 35(1): 5-22.

Droop, M.R., 1967. A procedure for routine purification of algal cultures with

antibiotics. Br. Phycol. Bull., 3:295–297.

Dugdale, C.M. 1967. Nutrient limitation in the sea: dynamic, identification and

significance. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12: 685-695.

Page 14: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xiv Dulley, R.A and Grieve, P.A. 1975. A simple technique for eliminating interference by

detergents in the Lowry method of protein determination. Anal. Chem., 64: 136-

141.

Dunahay, T.G., Jarvis, E.E., Dais, S.S and Roessler, P.G. 1996. Manipulation of

microalgal lipid production using genetic engineering. Appl. Biochem.

Biotechnol., 57: 223-231.

Ebenezer, W.J and Pattenden, G. 1993. cis-Stereoisomers of -carotene and its

congeners in the alga Dunaliella bardawil and their biogenetic

interrelationships. J. Chern. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1: 1869-1873.

Ehrenfeld, J and Cousin, J.L. 1984. Ionic regulation of the unicellular green alga,

Dunaliella teritolecta: response to hypertonic shock. J. Mem. Bio., 77:45-55

Eisenreich, W., Bacher, A., Arigoni, D and Rohdich, F. 2004. Biosynthesis of

isoprenoids via the non-mevalonate pathway. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 61:1401-1426.

Elmaleh, S., Coma, J., Grasmick, A and Bourgade, L. 1991. Magnesium induced algal

flocculation in a fluidized bed. Water Sci. Technol., 23: 1695-1702.

Eppley, R.W., Rogers, J.N and McCarthy, J.J. 1969b. Half-saturation constants for

uptake of nitrate and ammonium by marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr.,

14: 912-920.

Epply, R.W and Thomas, W.H. 1969. Comparison of half-saturation constants for

growth and nitrate uptake of marine phytoplankton. J.Phycol.5: 365-369

Ettl, H. 1983. Chlorophyta I. In Sea water flora of Mitteleuropa, Vol 9, pp. 152-169.

(Eds.) H. Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer. Stuttgart: G. Fischer.

Page 15: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xv Falkowski, P.G. 1980. Light-shade adaptation in marine phytoplankton. In: Primary

productivity in the sea, (Ed.), pp 99-119, Falkowski, P.G. Plenum Press, New

York,

Fazeli, M.R., Tofighi, H., Samadi, N and Jamalifar, H. 2005. Effects of salinity on -

carotene production by Dunaliella tertiolecta DCCBC26 isolated from the

Urmia salt lake, north of Iran. Bioresour. Technol., 97: 2453-2456.

Finkelstein, M., Huang, C.C., Byng, G.S., Tsau, B.R and Leach. J. 1993. Methods for

producing beta-carotene using a fungal mated culture. Patent PCT/US93/02305.

Foote, C.S., Denny, R.W., Weaver, L., Chang, Y and Peters, J. 1970. Quenching of

singlet oxygen. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 171: p. 139.

Garcia, F., Freile-Pelegrin, Y and Robledo, D. 2007. Physiological characterization of

Dunaliella sp. (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) from Yucatan, Mexico, Bioresou.

Technolo., 98: 1359-1365.

Garcia-Casal, M.N., Ramirez, J., Leets, I., Pereira, A.C and Quiroga M.F. 2009.

Antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content and iron bioavailability from algae

(Ulva sp., Sargassum sp. and Porphyra sp.) in human subjects. British J.

Nutrition, 101:79–85.

Garcia-Gonzalez, M., Moreno, J., Manzano, J.C., Florencio, F.J and Guerrero, M.G.

2005. Production of Dunaliella salina biomass rich in 9- cis- -carotene and

lutein in a closed tubular photo bioreactor. J. Biotech., 115:81-90.

Page 16: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xvi Gautam, S., Paltel, K and Srinivasan, K. 2010. Influence of -carotene-rich vegetables

on the bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from food grains. Food Chemistry,

122(3): 668-672.

Geng, D.G., Wang, Y.Q., Wang, P., Li W.B and Sun Y.R. 2003. Stable expression of

hepatitis B surface antigen gene in Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta). J. Appl.

Phycol., 15: 451-456.

Gerster, H. 1997. The potential role of lycopene for human health. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.,

16:109–26.

Gibor, A. 1956. The culture of brain algae. Biol Bull., 111: 223-229 (Cited by Oren, A.

2005).

Ginzburg, M and Ginzburg B.Z. 1981. Interrelationships of light, temperature, sodium

chloride and carbon source in growth of halotolerant and halophilic strains of

Dunaliella. Eur. J. Phycol., 16 (3): 313-324.

Giordano, M and Bowes, G. 1997. Gas exchange and C allocation in Dunaliella salina

cells in response to the N source and CO2 concentration used for growth. Plant

Physiol., 115: 1049-1056.

Giordano, M. 1997. Adaptation of Dunaliella salina (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) to

growth on NH4+ as the sole N source. Phycologia, 36: 345-350.

Gledhill, M., Nimmo, M and Hill, S.J. 1997. The toxicity of copper (II) species to

marine algae, with particular reference to macroalge. J. Phycol., 32:2-11.

Page 17: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xvii Goldman, J.C. 1980. Physiological aspects in algal mass cultures. In: Algal Biomass.

pp. 343–353. (Eds), Shelef, G. and Soeder, C.J. Elsevier/North-Holland

Biomedical Press.

Golueke, C.G and Oswald, W.J. 1965. Harvesting and processing of sewage grown

planktonic algae. J. Water Poll. Control Fed., 37: 471-498.

Gomez, P.I and Gonzalez, M.A. 2004. Genetic variation among seven strains of

Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) with industrial potential, based on RAPD

banding patterns and on nuclear ITS rDNA sequences. Aquaculture, 233: 149-

162.

Gomez, P.I., Barriga, A., Cifuentes, A.S and Gonzalez, M.A. 2003. Effect of salinity on

the quantity and quality of carotenoids accumulated by Dunaliella salina (strain

CONC-007) and Dunaliella bardawil (strain ATCC 30861). Chlorophyta. Biol.

Res., 36(2): 185-192.

Gonzalez Lopez, C.V., Ceron Garcia, M-C., Acien Fernandez, F.G., Bustos, C.S.,

Yusuf Chisti, Y and Fernandez Sevilla, J.M. 2010. Protein measurements of

microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass, Bioresource Technol., 101: 7587-7591.

Gonzalez, M.A., Coleman, A.W., Gomez, P.I and Montoya, R. 2001. Phylogenetic

relationship among various strains of Dunaliella (Chlorophyceae) based on

nuclear its rDNA sequences. J. Phycol., 37: 604-611.

Gonzalez, M.G., J. Morenoa, J.C. Manzano, F.J Florencioa and Guerreroa, M.G. 2005.

Production of Dunaliella salina biomass rich in 9-cis -carotene and lutein in a

closed tubular photobioreactor. J. Biotechnol., 115: 81-90.

Page 18: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xviii Goodwin, T.W. 1979. Biosynthesis of terpenoids. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 30: 369-

404.

Goodwin, T.W. 1980a. The Biochemistry of Carotenoids . 2nd ed., Vol. 1. Chapman

and Hall, London.

Goodwin, T.W. 1980b. Carotenoids. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. 8: 257-

287. (Eds), Gottinge, A.P and, Zimmermarnm M.H. Springer-Verlag Berlin,

Heidelburg, Germany.

Goodwin, T.W. 1988. In: Plant Pigments, pp. 362. (Ed.) Goodwin, T.W. London:

Academic Press.

Gordillo, F.J.L., Jimenez, C., Chavarria, J and Niell, F.X. 2001. Photosynthetic

acclimation to photon irradiance and its relation to chlorophyll fluorescence and

carbon assimilation in the halotolerant green alga Dunaliella viridis.

Photosynthesis Res., 68: 225-235.

Gouveia, L and Empis, J. 2003. Relative stabilities of microalgal carotenoids in

microalgal extracts, biomass and fish feed: effect of storage conditions. Innov.

Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 4: 227-233.

Grima, M. E., Belarbi, E.H., Fernandez, A., Medina, R. A and Chisti, Y. 2003.

Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and

economics. Biotech. Advances, 20: 491-515.

Grobbelaar, J, U., Soeder, C.J., Stengel, E., 1984. Modelling algal productivity and

oxygen production in large and outdoor cultures, K.G.I. Biotechnolo.,

W-Germany, 282.

Page 19: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xix Gudin, C and Therpenier, C. 1986. Bioconversion of solar energy into organic

chemicals by microalgae. Adv. Biotechnol. Processes, 6:73-110.

Guschina, I.A and Harwood, J.L. 2006. Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae

Prog. Lipid Res, 45: 160-186.

Halliwell, B and Gutteridge, J.M.C. 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed.

NY: Oxford University Press, New York.

Hankamer, B., Lehr, F., Rupprecht, J., Mussgnug, J.H., Posten, C and Kruse, O. 2007.

Photosynthetic biomass and H2 production by green algae: From bioengineering

to bioreactor scale-up. Physiologia Plantarum, 131:10-21.

Hardie, L.P., Balkwill, D.L and Stevens, S.E. Jr. 1983. Effects of iron starvation on the

physiology of the cyanobacterium. Agmenellum-quadruplicatum. Appl. Envirn.

Microbiol., 3: 999-1006.

Harding, R. W and Shropshire, W. 1980. Photocontrol of carotenoid biosynthesis. Ann.

Rev. Plant Physiol., 31: 217-238.

Harris, E.H. 2001. Chlamydomonas as a model organism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.

Plant Mole. Biol., 52: 363-406.

Harris, G.P. 1986. Phytoplankton Ecology, Chapman & Hall, New York, 384pp.

Harrison, P.J., Yu, P.W., Thompson, P.A., Price, N.M and Phillips, D.J. 1988. Survey

of selenium requirements in marine phytoplankton, Mar, Ecol, Prog, Ser., 47:

89-96.

Page 20: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xx Harun, R., Singh, M., Forde, G.M and Danquah, M.K. 2010. Bioprocess engineering of

microalgae to produce a variety of consumer products, Renewable Sustain.

Energy Rev., 14: 1037-1047

Healey, F.P. 1982. Phosphate. In: The biology of cyanobacteria. (Eds.) Carr, N.G and

Whitton B.A, Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK.

Heasman, M., Diemar, J., O’Connor, W., Sushames, T and Foulkes L. 2000.

Development of extended shelf- life microalgae concentrate diets harvested by

centrifugation for bivalve mollusks-a summary. Aquaculture Research, 31:637-

569.

Hedge, J. E and Hofreiter, B. T. 1962. Determination of total carbohydrate by anthrone

reagent. In: carbohydrate chemistry, (Eds.), Whistter R.L and BeMiller, J.N.

Academic press New York.

Hejazi, M.A and Wijffels, R.H. 2004. Milking of microalgae. Tren. Biotechnol.,

22:189-194.

Hejazi, M.A., Lamarliere, C., Rocha, J.M.S., Vermue, M., Tramper, J and Wijffels,

R.H. 2002. Selective extraction of carotenoids from the microalga Dunaliella

salina with retention of viability. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 79: 30-36.

Herndon, J and Cochlan, W.P. 2007. Nitrogen utilization by the raphidophyte

Heterosigma akashiwo: growth and uptake kinetics in laboratory cultures.

Harmful Algae, 6:260-270.

Page 21: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxi Herrero, M., Jaime, L., Martin-Alvarez, P.J., Cifuentes, A and Ibanez, E. 2006b.

Optimization of the extraction of antioxidants from Dunaliella salina microalga

by pressurized liquids. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54: 5597-5603.

Hicks, G.R., Hironaka, C.M., Dauvillee, D., Funke, R.P., D Hulst, C., Waffenschmidt S

and Ball S.G. 2001. When simpler is better. Unicellular green algae for

discovering new genes and functions in carbohydrate metabolism. Plant

Physiol., 127: 1334-1338.

Hirsch, R., Hartung, W and Gimmler, H. 1989. Abscisic acid content of algae under

stress. Botanica Acta., 102: 326-334.

Hirschberg, J. 2001. Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants. Curr. Opin. Plant

Biol., 4:210-218.

Hirschberg, J., Cohen, M., Harker, M., Lotan, T., Mann, V and Pecker, I. 1997.

Molecular genetics of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants and algae.

Pure Appl. Chem., 69: 2151-2158.

Hohmann, H.P., Pasamontes, L., Tessier, M and van Loon, A. 2000. Fermentative

carotenoid production. US patent 6,124,113.

Horiuchi, J., Obha, I., Tada, K., Kobayashi, M., Kanno, T and Kishimoto, M. 2003.

Effective cell harvesting of the halotolarent microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta

with pH control. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 95 (4): 412-415.

Hosseini T.A and Shariati, M. 2009. Dunaliella biotechnology: methods and

applications- Review EVIEW Article, J. Appl. Microbiol., 107: 14-35

Page 22: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxii Howes, C and Batra, P. 1970. Mechanism of photo-induced carotenoid synthesis,

further studies on the action spectrum and other aspects of carotenogenesis.

Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 137: 175-180.

Hurkman, W.J and Tanaka, C.K. 1986. Solubilization of plant membrane proteins for

analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Plant Physiol., 81: 802-806.

IARC. 1998. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Handbooks of

Cancer Prevention: Carotenoids. Lyon: International Agency for Research on

Cancer.

Iglesias-Prieto, R., Matta, J.L., Robins, W.A and Trench, R.K., 1992. Photosynthetic

response to elevated temperature in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium

microadriaticum in culture. Ecology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 1–3.

IMFNB- Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. 2000.Beta-carotene and

other carotenoids. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium,

and carotenoids. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 325-400.

Ishimaru, I., Itakura, S., Matsuyama, Y and Yamaguchi, M. 1996. Selenium

requirement for gowth of a novel red tide flagellate Chattonell verruculosa

(Raphidophyceae) in culture. Fish. Sci., 62: 834-835.

Jahnke, L.S., 1999. Massive carotenoids accumulation in Dunaliella bardawil induced

by ultraviolet A radiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol., 48: 68-74.

Jansen, S.L. 1965. On carotenoids and the natural distribution of Spirilloxanthin.

Phytochem.,4: 925-931.

Page 23: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxiii Jesus, S.S and Filho, R.M. 2010. Modeling growth of microalgae Dunaliella Salina

under different nutritional conditions, Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnolo., 6 (4): 279-

283.

Jimenez, C and Niell, F.X. 1991. Growth of Dunaliella viridis Teodoresco: effect of

salinity, temperature and nitrogen concentration. J. Appl. Phycol., 3: 319-327.

Jimenez, C. and Pick, U. 1994. Differential stereoisomer of -carotene in thylakoids

and in pigment globules in Dunaliella. J. Plant Physiol., 143: 257-263.

Jin, E. S and Melis, A. 2003. Microalgal biotechnology: carotenoid production by the

green algae Dunaliella salina. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 8: 331-337.

Jin, E., Polle, J.E.W., Lee, H.K., Hyun, S.M and Chang, M. 2003. Xanthophylls in

microalgae: From biosynthesis to biotechnological mass production and

application. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 13: 165-174.

Jones, B.L and Porter, I.W. 1985. Biosynthesis of carotenes in higher plants. Cre.

Critical Rev. Plant Sci., 3: 295-325.

Kalivoda, E.J., Stella, N.A., Aston, M.A., Fender, J.E., Thompson, P.P., Kowalski, R.P

and Shanks, R.M.Q. 2010. Cyclic AMP negatively regulates prodigiosin

production by Serratia marcescens. Res. Microbio., 161(2): 158-167.

Katz, A and Pick, U. 2001. Plasma membrane electron transport coupled to Na+

extrusion in the halotolerant alga, Dunaliella. Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1504:

423- 431.

Page 24: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxiv Katz, A., Jimenez, C and Pick, U. 1995. Isolation and characterization of a protein

associated with carotene globules in the alga, Dunaliella bardawil. Plant

Physiol., 108:1657-1664.

Kazi, N., Radvany, R., Oldham, T., Keshavarzian, A., Frommel, T.O., Libertin, C and

Mobarhan, S. 1997. Immunomodulatory effect of - carotene on T lymphocyte

subsets in patients with resected colonic polyps and cancer. Nutr. Cancer.,

28:140-145.

Keller, M., Guillard, P.R.L., Provasoli, L and Pintner, I.J. 1984. Nutrition of some

marine ultra plankton clones from the Sargasso sea, Eco., 65:898.

Kharati-Koupaei, M., Hajar Zamani, Ali Moradshahi. 2012. Molecular identification of

Dunaliella viridis Teod. strain MSV-1utilizing rDNA ITS sequences and its

growth responses to salinity and copper toxicity, Mol. Biol. Res. Commun., 1:8-

15.

Kim, J.H., Kim, S.W., Nguyen, D.Q.A., Li H., Kim, S.B., Seo, Y.G., Yang, J.K.,

Chung, I.Y., Kim, D.H and Kim, C.J. 2009. Production of -carotene by

recombinant Escherichia coli with engineered whole mevalonate pathway in

batch and fed-batch cultures. Biotechnol. Bioproce. Engg., 14(5): 559-564.

Kim, J.H., Nemsom, J.A and Melis, A. 1993. Photosystem II reaction centre damage

and repair in Dunaliella salina (Green alga). Plant Physiol., 103: 181-189.

Kim, S.W., Sco, W.T and Park, Y.H. 1997. Enhanced synthesis of trisporic acids and b-

carotene production in Blakeslea trispora by addition of non-ionic surfactant,

Span 20. J. Ferment. Bioeng., 84: 330-332.

Page 25: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxv Knuckey, R., Brown, M., Robert, R and Frampton, D. 2006. Production of microalgal

concentrates by flocculation and their assessment as aquaculture feeds. Aquacul.

Engg., 35:300-313.

Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T and Nagai, S. 1993. Enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis by

oxidative stress in acetate-induced cyst cells of a green unicellular alga,

Haematococcus pluvialis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59: 867-873.

Kreuz, K., Beyer, P and Kleinig, H. 1982. The site of carotenogenic enzymes in

chromoplasts from Narcissus pseudo narcissus. Planta., 154: 66-69.

Krinsky, N.I and Johnson, E.J. 2005. Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and

disease. Mol. Aspects Med., 26: 459-516.

Krinsky, N.I. 1993. Actions of carotenoids in biological systems. Ann. Rev. Nutr., 13:

561-587.

Kudo, I., Miyamoto, M., Noiri, Y and Maita, Y. 2000. Combined effect of temperature

and iron on the growth and physiology of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum

tricornutun (bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol., 36: 1096-1102.

Ladygin, V.G. 2000. Biosynthesis of carotenoids in the chloroplasts of algae and higher

plants. Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 47 (19): 796-814.

Lamers, P.P, Janssen, M., De Vos, R.C.H., Bino, R.J and Wijffels, R.H. 2008.

Exploring and exploiting carotenoid accumulation in Dunaliella salina for cell-

factory applications. Trends Biotechnol., 26: 631-638.

Page 26: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxvi Lampila, L.E., Wallen, S.E and Bullerman, L.B. 1985. A review of factors affecting

biosynthesis of carotenoids by the order Mucorales. Mycopathologia., 90: 65-

80.

Lange, B.M., Rujan, T., Martin, W and Croteau, R. 2000. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: the

evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. Proc. Nat.

Acad. Sci. U S A 97:13172 - 13177.

Leach, G., Oliveira, G and Morais, R. 1998. Production of a carotenoid-rich product by

alginate entrapment and fluid bed drying of Dunaliella salina. J. Sci. Food

Agric., 76: 298-302.

Lee, S., Kim, S., Kim, J., Kwon, G., Yoon, B and Oh, H. 1998. Effects of harvesting

method and growth stage on the flocculation of the green alga Botryococcus

braunii. Lett. Apll. Microbiol., 27:14-28.

Lees, M.B and Paxman, S. 1972. Modification of the Lowry procedure for the analysis

of proteolipid protein. Anal. Biochem., 47: 184-192.

Leon-Banares, R., Gonzalez-Ballester, D., Galvan, A and Fernandez E. 2004.

Transgenic microalgae as green cell-factories. Tren. Biotechnol., 22: 45-52.

Lers, A., Biener, Yand Zamir, A. 1990. Photoinduction of massive -carotene

accumulation by the alga Dunaliella bardawil. Plant Physiol., 93: 389-395.

Lers, A., Levy, H and Zamir, A. 1991. Co-regulation of a gene homologous to early

light-induced genes in higher plants and -carotene biosynthesis in the alga

Dunaliella bardawil. The J. Biolog. Chem., 266: 13698-13705.

Page 27: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxvii Levy, H., Gokham, I and Zamir, A. 1992. Regulation and light-harvesting complex II

association of a Dunaliella protein homologous to early light-induced proteins

in higher plants. J. Biol. Chem., 267:18831-18836.

Levy, H., Tal, T., Shaish, A and Zamir, A. 1993. Cbr, an algal homolog of plant early

lightinduced proteins, is a putative zeaxanthin binding protein. The J. Biolog.

Chem., 268: 20892-20896.

Lewin, J., 1966. Silicon metabolism in diatoms. Germanium- di-oxide a specific

inhibitor of diatom growth. J. Phycol. 6: 1–12.

Li, W.K.W. 1980. Temperature adaptation in phytoplankton: Cellular and

photosynthetic characteristics. In: Primary productivity in the sea. pp259-279,

(ed), Falkowski, P.G. Plenum Press, New York.

Li, Y., Horsman, M., Wu, N., Lan, C.Q and Dubois-Calero, N. 2008. Biofuels from

microalgae, Biotechnol. Progress., 24:815-820.

Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic

biomembranes. In: Methods in Enzymology, Vol 148, pp.350-382. (Eds)

Packer, L and Douce, R., Academic Press,

Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1998. The plants 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway for

biosynthesis of isoprenoids. Lipid-Fett.,100:128-138.

Lim, G.B., Lee, S.Y., Lee, E.K, Haam, S.J and Kim, W.S. 2002. Separation of

astaxanthin from red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma by supercritical carbon dioxide

extraction. Biochem. Eng. J., 11:181- 187.

Page 28: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxviii Lincon, E.P. 1985. Resource recovery with micro algae. Arch. Hydrobiol., 20: 25-34.

Liu, B and Lee, Y. 2001. Secondary carotenoids formation by the green alga

Chlorococcum sp. Appl. Phcol., 13:395-402.

Loeblich, L.A. 1982. Photosynthesis and pigments influenced by light intensity and

salinity in the halophile Dunaliela salina. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc., UK, 62: 493-

508.

Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement

with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.

Lu, S and Li, L. 2008. Carotenoid metabolism: biosynthesis, regulation, and beyond. J.

Integr Plant Biol., 50:778-785.

Lubian, L.M. 1989. Concentrating cultured marine microalgae with chitosan. Aquacult.

Eng. 8: 257-265.

Lynch, D.V and Thomson, G.A. 1982. Low temperature-induced alterations in the

chloroplast and microsomal membranes of Dunaliella salina. Pl. Physiol., 69:

1369-1375.

Madadkar Haghjou, M and Shariati. M. 2007. Photosynthesis and respiration responses

to short-term low temperature stress in two Dunaliella salina strains, World

Appl. Sci.J., 2(4): 276-282.

Madadkar Haghjou, M., Shariati, M and Smirnoff, N. 2009. The effect of acute high

light and low temperature stresses on the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and

Page 29: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxix

superoxide dismutase activity in two Dunaliella salina strains. Physiol. Plant.,

135:272-280.

Madison, R.J and Burnett, J.O. 1985. Overview of the occurrence of nitrate in

groundwater of the United States. US Geol Surv Water Supply Pap., 2275:93-

105.

Mantzouridou, F., Roukas, T and Achatz, B. 2005. Effect of oxygen transfer rate on -

carotene production from synthetic medium by Blakeslea trispora in shake flask

culture. Enz. Microb. Technol., 37: 687- 694.

Mapari, S.A.S., Thtane, U and Meyer, A.S. 2010. Fungal polyketide azaphilone

pigments as future natural food colorants. Trends Biotechnol., 28(6): 300-307.

Marano, F., Santa-Maria, A and Krishnawamy, S. 1985. The flagella apparatus of

Dunaliella: isolation of basal body-flagella root complex. Protoplasma., 127:

82-92.

Marin, N., Morales, F., Lodeiros, C and Tamigneaux, E. 1998. Effect of nitrate

concentration on growth and pigment synthesis of Dunaliella salina cultivated

under low illumination and pre-adapted to different salinities. J. Appl. Phycol.,

10: 405-411.

Martinez, M.E., Sanehez, S., Jimenez, J.M., Yousfi F.E.I and Munoz, L. 2000. Nitrogen

and phosphorus removal from urban wastewater by the microalga Scenedesmus

obliquus. Bioresour. Technol., 73: 263-272.

Page 30: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxx Martinez-laborda, A., Balsalobre, J. M., Fontes, M and Murillo, F. J. 1990.

Accumulation of carotenoids in structural and regulatory mutants of the

bacterium Myxococcus xanthus. Mol.Gen. Genet., 223:205-210.

Masi, A., Melis, A., 1997. Morphological and molecular changes in the unicellular

green alga Dunaliella salina grown under supplemental UV-B radiation: Cell

characteristic and photosystem II damage and repair properties. Biochemica.

Biophysi. Acta Bioenergetics, 1321 (2): 183-193.

Massyuk, N.P. 1973. Morphology, taxonomy, ecology and geographic distribution of

the genus Dunaliella Teod. and prospects for its potential utilization. N. D.

Kiev., 242-263.

Mata, T.M., Martins, A.A and Caetano, N.S. 2010. Microalgae for biodiesel production

and other applications: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 14: 217-232.

Mathews-Roth, M.M. 1987. Photoprotection by carotenoids. Fed Proc., 46:1890-1893.

McGary, C.G. 1971. Algal flocculation wilh aluminium sulphate and polyelectrolites.

Algal Flacc. 42: 191-201.

McKay, R.M.L., La Roche, J., Yakunin, A.F., Durnford, D.G and Geider, R.J. 1999.

Accumulation of ferredoxin and flavodoxin in a marine diatom in response to

Fe. J. Phycol., 35: 510-519.

Measures, C.I., grant, B.C., Mangum, B.J and Edmond, J.M. 1983. The relationship of

the distribution of dissolved selenium IV and VI in three ocean to physical and

biological processes. In: Wong, C.S., Boyle, E., Bruland, K, W., Burton, J.D

Page 31: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxi

and Goldberg, E.D (Eds): trace metal is sea water. NATO Conf. Ser. 4: Mar.

Sci., 9: Plenum, pp 73-83.

Mehta, B.J., Obraztsova, I.N and Cerda-Olmedo, E. 2003. Mutants and intersexual

heterokaryons of Blakeslea trispora for production of -carotene and lycopene.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69: 4043–4048.

Melkonian, M and Preisig, H. R. 1984. An ultrastructural comparison between

Spermatozopsis and Dunaliella (Chlorophyceae). Plant Systematics and

Evolution, 146: 31-46.

Mendes-Pinto, M.M., Raposo, M.F.J., Bowen, J., Young, A.J and Morais, R.2001.

Evaluation of different cell disruption processes on encysted cells of

Haematococcus pluvialis: effects on astaxanthin recovery and implications on

bioavailability, J.Appl. Phycol., 13: 19-24.

Miller, N.J., Sampson, J., Candeias, L.P, Bramley, P.M and Rice-Evans, C.A. 1996.

Antioxidant activities of carotenoids and xanthophylls. FEBS Letters, 384:240-

242.

Mohn, F.H. 1980. Experiences and strategies in the recovery of biomass from mass

cultures of microalgae. In: . Algae biomass. p. 547-571. (Eds.), Shelef, G and

Soeder, C.J., Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Mojaat, M., Pruvost, J., Foucault, A. and Legrand, J. 2008. Effect of organic carbon

sources and Fe2+ ions on growth and -carotene accumulation by Dunaliella

salina. Biochem. Eng. J., 39: 177-184.

Page 32: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxii Molina Grima, E., Belarbi, E., Acien Fernandez, F., Robles Medina, A and Chisti, Y.

2003. Recovery of microalgal biomass and metabolites: process options and

economics. Biotechnol. Advan., 20:491-515.

Moraine, R., Shelef, G., Sandbank, E., Bar-Moshe, Z and Shvartzburd, L. 1980.

Recovery of sewage-borne algae: flocculation, flotation and centrifugation

techniques. In, Algal Biomass: Production and Use, (Eds) Shelef, G and Soeder,

C.J. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.

Morales, J., de la Noue, J and Picard, G. 1985. Harvesting marine microalgal species by

chitosan flocculation. Aquacult. Eng. 4: 257-270.

Moreau, C. D, Tomasoni, C. C, Raymond, K. R., Le Guedes, J., Arnaud, M .F, Ioanna

K, Constantinos V, Vassilios, R and Christos, R. 2006. Cultivated microalgae

and the carotenoid fucoxanthin from Odontella aurita as potent antiproliferative

agents in bronchopulmonary and epithelial cell lines. Env. Toxicol. Pharmacol.

22:97-103.

Moulton, T.P and Burford, M.A. 1990. The mass culture of Dunaliella viridis

(Volvocales, Chlorophyta) for oxygenated carotenoids: laboratory and pilot

plant studies. Hydrobiologia, 204: 401-408.

Moulton, T.P., Borowirzka, L.J and Vincent, D.J 1987. The mass culture of Dunaliella

salina for -carotene: From pilot plant to production plant. Hydrobiologica.

151: 99-105.

Page 33: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxiii Mulvenna, P.F and Savidge, G. 1992. A modified manual method for the determination

of urea in seawater using diacetylmonoxime reagent. Estuarine Coastal and

Shelf Sci., 34:429-438.

Murphy, D.J and Prinsley, R.T. 1985. Interaction of Triton X-100 with the pigment-

protein complexes of photosynthetic membranes. Biochem. J., 229: 31-37.

Naik, P.S., Chanemougasoundharam, A., Paul Khurana, S.M and Kalloo, G. 2003.

Genetic manipulation of carotenoid pathway in higher plants. Current Sci.,

85:1423-1430.

Nasrabadi, M.R.N and Razavi, S.H. 2011. Optimization of -carotene production by a

mutant of the lactose-positive yeast Rhodotorula acheniorum from whey

ultrafiltrate. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 20(2): 445- 454.

Newman, J.D and Chappell, J. 1999. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants: carbon

partitioning within the cytoplasmic pathway. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.,

34:95-106.

Nishino, H., Murakosh, M., Ii, T., Takemura, M., Kuchide, M., Kanazawa, M., Mou,

X.Y and Wada, S. 2002. Carotenoids in cancer chemoprevention. Cancer

Metastasis Rev., 21: 257-264.

Oh, H.M., Lee, S., Park, M.H., Kim, H.S., Kim, H.C., Yoon, J.H., Kwon, G.S and

Yoon, B.D. 2001. Harvesting of Chlorella vulgaris using a bioflocculant from

Paenibacillus sp. AM49. Biotechnol. Lett., 23:1229-1234.

Page 34: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxiv Olson, J.A. 1993. Molecular actions of carotenoids. In: Carotenoids in human health.

(Eds), Canfield, L.M., Krinsky N.I and Dunastable, J.A., Annals of the New

York.

Olson., J.A and Krinsky. 1995. Introducing the colorful, fascinating world of

carotenoids: important physiologic modulators. FASEB J., 9: 1547-1550.

Omar, H.H. 2002. Bioremoval of zinc ions by Scenedesmus obliquus and Scenedesmus

quadricauda and its effect on growth and metabolism. Int. Biodeter. Biodeg.,

50: 95-100.

Oren, A., 2005. A hundred years of Dunaliella research: 1905-2005. Saline systems,

1(2), 1-14. (http://www.salinesystems.org/contents).

Oren-Shamir, M., Pick, U and Avron, M. 1989. Involvement of the plasma membrane

ATPase in the osmoregulatory mechanism of the alga, Dunaliella salina. Plant

Physiol., 89:1258 -1263.

Orset, C. S and Young, A.J. 1999. Low-temperature induced synthesis of -carotene in

the microalga Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol., 35: 527–549.

Orset, C.S and Young, A.J., 2000. Exposure to low irradiance favors the synthesis of 9-

cis - carotene in Dunaliella salina (Teod). Plant Physiol., 122: 609-618.

Papazi, A., Makridis, P and Divanach, P. 2010. Harvesting Chlorella minutissima using

cell coagulants. J. Appl. Phycol., 22:349-355.

Paran, E and Engelhard, Y.N. 2001. Effect of lycopene, an oral natural antioxidant on

blood pressure. J. Hypertens, 19: S74.

Page 35: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxv Patrick, L. 2000. Beta-carotene: the controversy continues. Altern. Med. Rev., 5:530-

545.

Paz, E.D., MartiN, A., Estrella, A., Rodriguez-Rojo, S., Matias, A.A., Duarte, C.M.M

and Cocero, M.J.2012. Formulation of -carotene by precipitation from

pressurized ethyl acetate-on-water emulsions for application as natural colorant.

Food Hydrocolloids, 26(1): 17-27.

Peterfi, L. S and Manton, I. 1968. Observations with the electron microscope on

Asteromonas gracilis Artari emend. (Stephanoptera Gracilis (Artari) Wisl.),

with some comparative observations on Dunaliella sp. British Phycological

Bulletin, 3: 423-440.

Peto, R., Doll, R., Buckley, J.D and Sporn, M.B. 1981. Can dietary -carotene

materially reduce human cancer rates? Nature, 290:201–208.

Pick, U. 1998. Dunaliella- a model extremophilic alga, Israel J. Plant Sci., 46: 131-

140.

Pierce, R.H., Weeks, J.M and Prappas, J.M. 1993. Nitrate toxicity to five species of

marine fish. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 24:105-107.

Pintner, I.J and Provasoli, L. 1986. Heterotrophy in subdued light of three

Chrysochromulina species. Bull. M. Mar.Biol. Inst. Kyoto Univ., 12: 25-31.

Pisal, D.S and Lele, S.S. 2005. Carotenoid production from microalga – Dunaliella

salina, Indian J. Biotechnol., 4:476-483.

Page 36: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxvi Polle, J.E., Tran W. D and Ben-Amotz, A. 2009. History, Distribution and Habitats of

Algae of the Genus Dunaliella Teodoresco (Chlorophyceae). The Alga

Dunaliella: Biodiversity, Physiology, Genomics and Biotechnology, pp: 1-13.

(Eds.), Ben-Amotz, A., J.E.W. Polle and D.V.S. Rao Science Publishers,

Poppel, G.V and Goldbohm, R.A. 1995. Epidemiological evidences for -carotene and

cancer prevention. Am, J. Clin. Nutr., 62:1393–1402.

Post, F.J. 1977. The microbial ecology of the Great Salt Lake. Microb. Ecol., 3: 143-

165.

Post, F.J., Borowitzka, L.J., Borowitzka, M.A., Mackay, B and Moulton, T. 1983. The

protozoa of a Western Australian hypersaline lagoon. Hydrobiologia, 105: 95–

113.

Potter, E and Kloppstech, K. 1993. Effects of light stress on the expression of early

light-inducible proteins in barley. Eur. J. Biochem. 214: 779-786.

Preisig, H.R. 1992. Morphology and taxonomy in Dunaliella. In: Physiology,

Biochemistry and Biotechnology, (Eds.), Ben-amotz, A and Avron. M. CRC

Press, London.

Price, N.M and Harrison, P.J. 1988. Specific selenium containg macromolecules in the

marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, Plant Physiol., 86: 192-199.

Prieto, A., Canavate, J. P and Garcia-Gonzalezb, M. 2011. Assessment of carotenoid

production by Dunaliella salina in different culture systems and operation

regimes. J. Biotechnol., 151: 180 -185.

Page 37: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxvii Pulz, O. and Gross, W. 2004. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65: 635-648.

Pushparaj, B., Pelosi, E., Torzillo, G and Materassi, R. 1993. Microbial biomass

recover using a synthetic cationic polymer. Biores, Technolo., 43:59-62.

Rad, F.A., Aksoz, N and Hejazi, M.A. 2011. Effect of salinity on cell growth and -

carotene production in Dunaliella sp. isolates from Urmia Lake in northwest of

Iran, Afr. J. Boitechnol., 10(12): 2282-2289.

Rai, L.C and Raizada, M. 1986. Nickel induced stimulation of growth, hetrocyst

differentiation and C-14 uptake and nitrogenase activity in Nostoc muscorum, J.

Indian Bot, Soc., 67: 74-77.

Raja, R., Anbazhagan, C., Lakshmi, D and Rengasamy, R. 2004b. Nutritional studies

on Dunaliella salina (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) under laboratory conditions.

Seaweed Res. Util. 26:127-146.

Raja, R., Hemaiswarya, S and Rengasamy, R. 2007. Exploitation of Dunaliella for -

carotene production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 74:517–523.

Raja, R., Hemaiswarya, S., Kumar, N.A., Sridhar, S and Rengasamy, R. 2008. A

perspective on the biotechnological potential of microalgae. Critical Revi.

Microbiol., 34:77-88.

Raoa, A.V and Rao, L.G. 2007. Invited review- Carotenoids and human health,

Pharmacological Res., 55: 207–216

Page 38: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxviii Raven J.A., Evans, M.C.W and Korb, R. 1999. The role of trace metals in

photosynthetic electron transport in O2 evolving organisms. Photosynth. Res.,

60:111-149.

Regunathan and Kitto. 2009. Matching science and economics for Dunaliella biomass

production in India. Current Sciences. 97:1

Rengasamy, R., Prema, M., Govindarajan, I and Elanchelian, K. 1987. Effect of

antibiotics on the growth of Hypnea valentine (Turn.) Mont (Gigartinales,

Rhodophyta). Sea Res. Util., 9: 67–73.

Ribeiro, B.D., Barreto, D.W and Coelho, M.A.Z. 2011. Technological aspects of -

carotene production. Food Bioproc.Technol., 4(5): 693-701.

Richmond, A. 1986. Microalgae of economic potential. In: Handbook of microalgal

mass culture. p. 199- 243, (Ed.) Richmond A, Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Rochaix, J.D. 2002. Chlamydomonas, a model system for studying the assembly and

dynamics of photosynthetic complexes. FEBS Letters., 529: 34-38.

Rochaix, J.D. 2004. Genetics of the biogenesis and dynamics of the photosynthetic

machinery in eukaryotes. The Plant Cell, 16: 1650-1660.

Rodrigues, A.A and Shao, A. 2004. The science behind lutein. Toxicol Lett., 150: 57-

83.

Rohdich, F., Kis, K., Bacher, A and Eisenreich, W. 2001. The non-mevalonate pathway

of isoprenoids: genes, enzymes and intermediates. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol.,

5:535-540.

Page 39: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xxxix Rohmer, M., Knani, M., Simonin, P., Sutter, B and Sahm, H. 1993. Isoprenoid

biosynthesis in bacteria: anovel pathway for the early steps leading to

isopentenyl diphosphate. Biochem. J., 295:517-524.

Rohmer, M., Seemann, M., Horbach, S., Bringer-Meyer, S and Sahm, H. 1996.

Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate and pyruvate as precursors of isoprenic units in an

alternative nonmevalonate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem.

Soc., 118:2564-2566.

Romera, E., Gonzalez, F., Balleste, A., Blazquez, M.L and Munoz, J.A. 2008.

Biosorption of Cd, Ni, and Zn with mixtures of different types of algae. Envir.

Engg. Sci., 5:999-1008.

Rosenberg, J.N., Oyler, G.A., Wilkinson, L and Betenbaugh, M.J. 2008. A green light

for engineered algae: redirecting metabolism to fuel a biotechnology revolution.

Current Opin. Biotechnol., 19: 430-436.

Rouse, J.D., Bishop, C.A and Struger, J. 1999. Nitrogen pollution: an assessment of its

threat to amphibian survival. Environ. Health Perspect., 107:799-803.

Rueter, J.G and Ades, R.D. 1987. The role of iron nutrition in photosynthesis and

nitrogen assimilation in Scenedesmum quadricauda (Chlorophyceae). J.

Phycol., 23: 452- 457.

Salguero, A., Leon, R., Mariotti, A., De la Morena, B., Vega, J.M and Vilchez, C.

2005. UV-A mediated induction of carotenoid accumulation in Dunaliella

bardawil with retention of cell viability. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 66:506-511.

Page 40: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xl Sandmann, G. 1991. Biosynthesis of cyclic carotenoids: Biochemistry and molecular

genetics of the reaction sequence. Physiol. Plant. 83: 186-193.

Sandmann, G. 2001. Carotenoid biosynthesis and biotechnological application. Arch

Biochem. Biophys., 385:4–12.

Schmidt-Dannert C. 2000. Engineering novel carotenoids in microorganisms. Curr.

Opin. Biotechnol., 11:255-261.

Schnurr, G., Misawa, N and Sadmann, G. 1996. Expression, purification and properties

of lycopene cyclase from Erwinia urdovora. Biochem. J. 315: 869-874.

Schwarz, M., Sal-Man, N., Zamir, A and Pick, U. 2003. A transferrin-like protein that

does not bind iron is induced by iron deficiency in the alga Dunaliella salina.

Biochem. Biophy. Acta, 1649: 190-200.

Schwender, J., Seemann, M., Lichtenthaler, H.K and Rohmer, M. 1996. Biosynthesis of

isoprenoids (carotenoids, sterols, prenyl side-chains of chlorophylls and

plastoquinone) via a novel pyruvate/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate non-

mevalonate pathway in the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Biochem. J.,

316:73-80.

Seemann, M., Sum Bui, B.T, Wolff, M., Miginiac-Maslow, M and Rohmer M. 2006.

Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plant chloroplasts via the MEP pathway: direct

thylakoid/ ferredoxin-dependent photoreduction of GcpE/IspG. FEBS Lett.,

580:1547–52.

Page 41: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xli Semenenko, V.E and Abdullaev, A.A.1980. Parametric control of -carotene

biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina cells under condition of intensive cultivation.

Plant Physiol., 27(1): 31- 41.

Senger, H., Wagner, C., Hermsmeier, D., Hohl, N., Urbig, T and Bishop, N.I. 1993.

The influence of light intensity and wavelength on the contents of and -

carotene and their xanthophylls in green algae. J. Photochem. Photobiol. Biol.,

18:273- 279.

Shaish, A., Avron, M and Ben-Amotz, A. 1990. Effect of inhibitors on the formation

of stereo isomers in the biosynthesis of -carotene in Dunaliella bardawil. Plant

Cell Physiol., 31(5): 689-696.

Shaish, A., Avron, M., Pick, U and Ben-Amotz, A. 1993. Are active oxygen species

involved in induction of -carotene in Dunaliella bardawil, Planta., 190: 363-

368.

Shaish, A., Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1991. Production and selection of high -

carotene mutants of Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyta). J. Phycol., 27: 652-

656.

Shariati, M and Hadi, M. R. 2000. Isolation, purification and identification of three

unicellular green alga species of Dunaliella salina, D. parva and D.

pseudosalina from salt marsh of Gave Khooni of Isfahan. Iranian J. Biol., 9(1-

4): 45-54.

Page 42: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xlii Shariati, M and Hadi, M.R. 2011. Dunaliella, progress in molecular and environmental

bioengineering - From analysis and modeling to technology applications, In:

Microalgal Biotechnology and Bioenergy, Prof. Angelo Carpi (Ed.), 483-506.

Shariati, M and Zoofan, P. 2003. The effect of nitrate deficiency on cell division and

beta-carotene and chlorophyll synthesis in unicellular green alga Dunaliella

salina (isolated from salt marsh of Gavkhoni, Isfahan-Iran). J. Paj. Saz.,. 59: 7-

13.

Sharma, A and Gupta, M.N. 2006. Ultrasonic pre-irradiation effect upon aqueous

enzymatic oil extraction from almond and apricot seeds. Ultrasonics

Sonochemistry, 13:529-534.

Shewmaker, C.K., Sheehy, J.A., Daley, M., Colburn, S and Ke, D.Y. 1999. Seed-

specific over expression of phytoene synthase: increase in carotenoids and other

metabolic effects. Plant J. 20:401-412.

Shi, J., Podola, B and Melkonian M. 2007. Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from

wastewater using microalgae immobilized on twin layers: an experimental

study. J. Appl. Phycolo., 19:417-23.

Shrotri, C., Rathore, V and Mohanty, P. 1981. Studies on photosynthetic electron

transport, photophosphorylation and CO2 fixation in Zn2+ deficient leaf cells of

Zeamays. J. Plant Nutr., 3: 945- 954.

Sies, H and Stahl, W. 1997. Carotenoid and intracellular communications via gap

junction, Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 67:364-367.

Page 43: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xliii Solorzano, 1969. Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenol

hypochlorite method. Limnol. Oceanogr., 14: 799-801.

South and Whittick. 1987. Introduction to Phycology, Black well scientific publication.

148-175.

Spolaore, P., Joannis-Cassan, C., Duran, E and Isambert, A. 2006. Commercial

applications of microalgae. J. Biosci. Bioengg, 101:87-96.

Stahl, W and Sies, H. 2005. Review: Bioactivity and protective effects of natural

carotenoids. Biochim. Biophy. Acta., 1740: 101-107.

Stahl, W., Schwartz, W., Sundquist, A.R and Sies, H. 1992. Cis- trans isomers of

lycopene and - carotene in human serum and tissue. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,

294: 173-179.

Strickland, J.D.H and Parsons, T.R. 1972. A practical Handbook of seawater Analysis.

Fish Res. Board Can. Bull. 176: 311pp.

Sun, S.Y and Lotan, R. 2002. Retinoids and their receptors in cancer development and

chemoprevention. Cri. Rev. Oncol/Hematol., 41: 41-55.

Suzuki, T., Ohishi, N and Yagi, K. 2000. Method of obtaining a composition containing

9-cis -carotene in high purity. US Patent 6057484.

Taha, O., Abo El-Kheir, W., Hammouda, F and Abd El-Hady, H. 2012. Production of

-carotene and glycerol from Dunaliella bardawil and D. Salina isolated from

the Egyptian wet lands Qarun and Bardawil, ICEEBS., 369-373.

Page 44: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xliv Takaichi, S. 2011. Carotenoids in algae: distributions, biosyntheses and functions. Mar

Drugs, 9:1101–1118.

Tamminen, T and Irmisch, A. 1996. Urea uptake kinetics of a midsummer planktonic

community on the SW coast of Finland, Mar. Ecol. Prog, Ser., 130: 201 – 211.

Tanaka, Y. 1990. Vacuum packed food containing Dunaliella Algae and process for the

production. US Patent 4915961.

Terao, J. 1989. Antioxidant activity of -carotene-related carotenoid in solution. Lipids

24:659-661.

Tietz, A., Ruttkowski, U., Kohler, R and Kasprik, W. 1989. Further investigations on

the occurrence and the effects of abscisic acid in algae. Biochem. Physiol.

Pflanzen., 184: 259-266.

Timmermans, K.R., Davey, M.S., Bas van Der Wagt., Snoek, J., Geider, J.R., Velghuis,

M.J.W., Gerringa, L.J.A and de Baar, H.J.W. 2001. Co-limitation by iron and

light of Chaetoceros brevis, C. dichaeta and C. calcitrans (Bacillariophyceae).

Mar,.Ecol. Prog. Ser., 217: 287-297.

Tran, D.C., Louime, T.V., Giordano, M and Portilla, S. 2013. Identification of

Dunaliella viridis using its markers. Int. J. Applied Sci. Tech., 3: 118-126.

Tsuji, N., Hirayanagi, N., Iwabe, O., Namba, T., Tagawa, M., Miyamoto, S., Miyasaka,

S., Takagi, M., Hirata, K., Miyamoto, K. 2003. Regulation of phytochelatin

synthesis by zinc and cadmium in marine green alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta.

Phytochemistry., 62: 453-459.

Page 45: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xlv Tsukahara, K and Sawayama, S. 2005. Liquid fuel production using microalgae. J.

Japan Petroleum Institute, 48:251–9.

Underwood, B.A, 2004. Vitamin A deficiency disorders: International efforts to control

a preventable “pox”. J. Nutr., 134: 231-236.

Uriarte, I., Farias, A., Hawkins, A.J.S and Bayne, B.L.1993. Cell characteristics and

biochemical composition of Dunaliella primolecta Butcher condition at

different concentration of dissolved nitrogen. J.Appl.Phycol., 5 : 447- 453.

van den Ende, H. 1994. Vegetative and gametic development in the green alga

Chlamydomonas. Adv. Botanical Res., 20: 125-161.

Velurugan, P., Kamalakannan, S., Balachandar, V., Amala, K.S.,

Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P., Chae, J.C and Oh, B.T. 2010. Natural pigment

extraction from five filamentous fungi for industrial applications and dyeing of

leather. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79(2): 262-268.

Vergara-Fernandez, A., Vargas, G., Alarcon, N and Velasco, A. 2008. Evaluation of

marine algae as a source of biogas in a two-stage anaerobic reactor system.

Biomass and Bioenergy, 32:338–344.

Viaroli, P., Bartoli, M., Bondavalli, C and Naldi, M. 1995. Oxygen fluxes and

dystrophy in a coastal lagoon colonized by Ulva rigida (Sacca di Goro, Po

River Delta, northern Italy). Fresenius Environ. Bull., 4:381-386.

Page 46: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xlvi von-Lintig, J., Hessel, S., Isken, A., Kiefer, C., Lampert, J.M., Voolstra, O and Vogt,

K. 2005. Review: Towards a better understanding of carotenoid metabolism in

animals. BBA., 1740: 122-131.

Vonshok, A. 1986. Laboratory techniques for cultivation of microalgae, In: Handbook

of Micro Algal Mass Culture. CRC- CRC press, Florida, USA. pp 345-349.

Walker, T.L., Purton, S., Becker, D.K and Collet, C. 2005a. Microalgae as bioreactors.

Plant Cell Reports, 24: 629-641.

Walter, M.H., Fester, T and Strack, D. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induce the

non-mevalonate methylerythritol phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis

correlated with accumulation of the yellow pigment and other apocarotenoids.

Plant J., 21: 571-578.

Wang, B., Lin, L., Lu, L and Chen, W. 2012. Optimization of -carotene production by

a newly isolated Serratia marcescens strain. Electronic J. Biotechnol., 15(6):1-

8.

Wang, X.D., Krinsky, N and Benotti, P. 1994. Biosynthesis of 9-cis-retinoic acid from

9-cis- -carotene in human intestinal mucosa in vitro. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.,

313:150–155.

Wegmann, K., Ben-Amotz, A and Avron, M. 1980. Effect of temperature on glycerol

retention in the halotolerant algae Dunaliella and Asteromonas. Pl. Physiol., 66:

1196-1197.

Wheeler, A. E., Zingaro, R.A., Irgolic, K and Bottino, N.R. 1982. The effect of

selenate, selenite and sulphate on the growth of six unicellular green algae, J.

Exp.Mar, Biol, Eco., 57: 181-194.

Page 47: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xlvii White, A.L., and Jhanke, L.S., 2002. Contrasting effect of UV-A and UV-B on

photosynthesis and photoprotection of - carotene in two Dunaliella sp. Plant

Cell Physiol., 43 (8): 877-884.

Whitton, B. 1970. Toxicity of heavy metals to algae: A Review. Phykos, 9: 116-125.

Widholm, J.M. 1972. The use fluorescein diacetate and phenosafranine for determining

viability of cultured plant cells. Stain Technol., 47:89-94.

Wijffels, R.H. 2008. Potential of sponges and microalgae for marine biotechnology.

Trends Biotechnol., 26: 26-31.

Williams, A., Pryor, B.S., Wilhelm, S., Cheryl, L and Rock, R.D. 2000. - carotene

from biochemistry to clinical trials. Nutr. Rev., 1:39-53.

Wu, A.C.M., Bough, W.A., Holmes, M.R and Perldns, B.E. 1978. Influence of

manufacturing variables on the characteristics and effectiveness of chitosan

products. III. Coagulation of cheese whey solids. Biotech. Bioeng. 20: 1957-

1966.

Ye, Z-W., Jiang, J-G and Wu, G-H. 2008. Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in

Dunaliella: Progresses and prospects, Biotechnolo. Advan., 26: 352–360.

Yeum, K.J and Russell, R.M. 2002. Carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion. Ann.

Rev. Nutr., 22: 483-504.

Young, A.J and Lowe, G.M. 2001. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of

carotenoids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 385(1):20-27.

Yruela, I., Alfonso, M., Baron, M and Picorel, R. 2000. Copper effect on the protein

composition of photosystem II. Physiol Plantarum., 110:551-557.

Page 48: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

xlviii Yu, J and Tse, S.W. 1997. Flocculation of Pseudomonas with aluminum sulfate for

enhanced biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Biotechnol. Tech., 11:479-482.

Yutaka, M., Kondo, K., Saito, T., Shimada, H., Fraser, P.D and Misawa, N. 1998.

Production of the carotenoids lycopene, -carotene, and astaxanthin in the food

yeast Candida utilis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64: 1226–1229.

Zachleder, V., Kuptsova, E. S., Los, D. A., Cepak, V., Kubín, S., Shapizugov, J. M and

Semenenko, V. E. 1989. Division of chloroplast nucleoids and replication of

chloroplast DNA during the cell cycle of Dunaliella salina grown under blue

and red light. Protoplasma, 150: 160-167.

Zeevaart, J. A. D., Heath, T. G and Gage, D. A. 1989. Evidence for a universal pathway

of abscisic acid biosynthesis in higher plants from 18O incorporation patterns.

Plant Physiol., 91: 1594-1601.

Zhang. E., Bing Wang, Shuxiang Ning, Huichao Sun, Baoling Yang, Mei Jin and Lin

Hou. 2012. Ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate removal by immobilized

Chlorella sp. isolated from municipal wastewater for potential use in tertiary

treatment. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 11(24): 6529-6534.

Zhu, Y., Jiang, J and Chen, Q. 2008. Characterizations of cDNA of lycopene b-cyclase

responsible for a high level of -carotene accumulation in Dunaliella salina,

Biochem. Cell Biol., 86: 285-292.

Page 49: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

APPENDICES – I

Paper Presented in Conference / Seminar / Symposium

1. Selvi Dhanam and Dhandayuthapani, K. 2010. Study on the effect of different

light intensity on biomass production of Dunaliella salina National Level

Technical Symposium held at Vel Tech Engineering College, Chennai 600062,

Tamil Nadu on 8 July, 2010.

2. Selvi Dhanam and Dhandayuthapani, K. 2010. Media Optimization for biomass

production of Dunaliella salina, National Conference held at Meenakshi

College for Women, Chennai - 600 024 on 23 & 24 July, 2010.

3. Selvi Dhanam and Dhandayuthapani, K. 2011. Ecophyisological studies of ß-

Carotene Production by Marine Microalga - Dunaliella salina, International

Conference held at Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai on 27 & 28 January,

2011.

4. Selvi Dhanam and Dhandayuthapani, K. 2012. Media Optimization for biomass

and ß-Carotene by Dunaliella viridis, International conference held at

Vivekananda College of Engineering for Women, Namakal, Tamil Nadu-

637205 on 9 & 10 March, 2012.

5. Selvi Dhanam and Dhandayuthapani, K. 2013, Optimization of ß-Carotenoid

Production by Marine Microalga - Dunaliella salina, National Seminar held at

Kanchi Shri College of Arts and Science, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu- 631551

on 20 & 21 February, 2013.

Page 50: REFERENCES - shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43859/10/10_reference.pdfProduction of antioxidant by the green alga Dunaliella salina. Int. J. Agri.

Paper Published

1. Selvi Dhanam, D and K. Dhandayuthapani, K. 2013. Optimization of

- Carotene production by Marine Microalga - Dunaliella salina, Int. J. Curr.

Microbiol. App. Sci., 2(3): 37-43.

2. Selvi Dhanam, D., Prabhavathi, S and Dhandayuthapani. K. 2012. Biomass

production of Dunaliella salaina using Dewarln’s media supplemented with

different initial concentration Iron, Selenium and Nickel, Intern. J. Biotechnol.

Biochem. 2:215-222.

Workshop attended

1. Participated in the National Workshop on "Experiments in Bioprocess

Technology" held between November 30th and December 2nd 2009 in the

Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai -

600 034.

2. Participated in the National Workshop on "Design and Analysis of

Experiments" held on July 9, 2010 in the Department of Plant Biology and

Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600 034.