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Glossary of Agricultural and Information Technology terms

Agricultural Technology

Agricultural extension Providing information to farmers

Agri-trade Trade of agricultural commodities

JfDS Agricultural Information Dissemination System

AKIS Agricultural Knowledge Information System

APEDA Agricultural Products Marketing & Export

Development Authority

Beneficiaries Those getting benefits

Cyber extension Technology dissemination through IT

DARE Department of Agricultural Research and

Education

FMS Farm Management System

Food security Sufficient food for citizens

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GOI Government of India

Green revolution Increasing food production

Gyandoot IT project in Madhya Pradesh

HIC Honda Informatics Centre

Hybrid Mixture

Knowledge triangle Agriculture, knowledge and extension

KVK Krishi Vigyan Kendra

MSSRF M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation

NARES National Agricultural Research and Extension

System

Pest management Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Rainfed Plenty of rains

Recession Slump

SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

WTO World Trade Organization

Information Technology

ANDES A Nifty Data Extraction System

ASCII American Standard Code for Information

Interchange

CAD Computer Aided Design

120

CML Chemical Markup Language

CRC Class responsibility Collaboration

CRTC Canadian Radio-television and

Telecommunications Commission

CSS Cascading style sheets

Data mining Extracting data

DBMS Database Management Systems

DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

DOM Document Object Model

DTD Document Type Definition

EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form

e-book Book in digital form

GIS Geographical Information System

ICT Internet and Communication Teclinologies

IDE Information Development Environment

IS Information Systens

JDBC Java Database Connectivity

Knowledge management Organizing, classification of knowledge

KTBL Association for Technology and Structures in

Agriculture

NCSA National Centre for Supercomputer Applications

OSCAR Open Source Communication in Agricultural

Research

OWL Web Ontology Language

PDA Personal Digital Assistant

PKI Public Key Infi-astructure

RAD Rapid Application Development

RDF Resource Description Language

RSS Really Simple Syndication

SAX Simple API for XML

SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language

SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language

URL Uniform Resource Locator

WAP Wireless Application Protocol

WML Wireless Markup Language

WSDL Web Service Definition Language

XSD XML Schema Definifion

XSL Extensible style sheet Language

XSLT XSL Transformations

121

ANNEXUREI

Form for collecting information from mushroom growers

Name Father's Name

Address Telephone No

Growing mushroom since (year)

Type of farm. Seasonal Climate controlled

Mushrooms grown. 1 2 3

Annual Production tonnes. Category SS/MS/LS

Whether Processing ? If yes products.l 2

Marketing. 1. Local 2. Other States 3. Export

Compost procured from. (Address)

Spawn procured from (Address)

If own compost prepared.. Method of preparation (Short/Long)

Problems encountered in Mushroom growing

1.

2.

3.

6.

Problems which you think could be solved with timely guidance/information

(In the order of priority)

1.

2.

3.

122

Annexure-II

Importance of mushroom in the Indian agricultural scenario

Every year millions of tons of agricultural waste (wheat straw, paddy straw,

sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk etc.) is burnt for disposal as farmers find no other

use of it [22]. This waste can be used to grow mushrooms and provide a high protein

diet to the citizens. In fact FAO has selected mushroom as a commodity to reduce

malnutrition in the third world countries [9].

Secondly, the rapid climatic changes and radical shifts in the weather patterns

resulting in droughts or floods in the last two decades has led to repeated crop

failures which has broken the back of hidian farmers. Mushroom growing, being an

indoor activity [71], [72], is immune to these climatic changes. Also, it does not

require huge space. It can be initially started in a small (lOftxlOftxlOft) room to

provide supplementary income to the farmer, and can be gradually increased. In fiature

mushroom cultivation can be started on a large scale to increase the income of the

farmers as well as provide valuable protein to the rapidly increasing Indian

population.

Thirdly, a mushroom grower can take 4-5 crops of mushrooms per year

depending upon the varieties of mushrooms he is growing. There is no other

agriculture crop which can be harvested these many times. As the land available for

farming goes down year after year due to marginalization (repeated division of land

holdings), mushroom growing can prove to be a viable solution to this problem.

Mushrooms can be grown in multiple storey buildings.

Regarding the nutritive and medicinal value of mushrooms, they are a

valuable health food - low in calories, high in vegetable proteins, chitin, iron, zinc,

fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins & minerals. Mushrooms also have a long history

of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The sodium potassium ratio in mushrooms is

ideal to prevent hypertension [70]. Studies have shown that lOOg of mushroom taken

everyday is chemoprotective, i.e. reduces the size of tumor and prevents breast and

prostrate cancer. They are rich in riboflavin, niacin, and selenium ( an antioxidant

123

which prevents tlie ageing of tissues). Mushrooms contain 90 per cent water and are

low in calories. Hence, they are an ideal food for persons following a weight

management progi-am or a diet for hypertensives. The higli potassium content helps

lower elevated blood pressure and reduces the risk of stroke and one serving of

mushrooms can provide about 20 to 40 percent of the daily requirement of copper,

which has cardioprotective properties. Recent studies have

shown shiitake and rez5/z; mushrooms are potential cancer-fighters. Reishi extracts

have been shown to stop the growth of cancerous tumors and also produce an

antihistamine action which can help to control allergies. Shiitake musluooms contain

a compound called lentinan. which is being used as a cancer ti'eatment in Japan. Due

to the qualities mentioned, mushroom has been added as a diet component in the diets

of patients in the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (PGI) Chandigarh.

Mushroom growing is a complex process involving many sub processes like

compost preparation, spawn production, crop management, crop protection,

harvesting, processing and marketing. In addition to these activities involved, farm

design [72] plays a very important role in mushroom production as the environmental

parameters of the mushroom house (temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide content)

have to be kept under specific range depending upon the mushroom species being

grown. All these activities make mushroom growing a highly technical enterprise

which requires expert technical guidance.

124