REFERENCES

Berry, A.M., Davidson, P.M., Master, J. & Rolls, K. 2007. Systemic Literature Review of

Oral Hygiene Practices for Intensive Care Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation.

Critical Care Journal.

Biancofiore, G., Barsotti, E. & Catalani, V. 2006. Nurses’ Knowledge and Application of

Evidence- based Guidelines for Preventing Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Minerva

Anestesiol Journal.

Blamoun, J., Alfakir, M., Rella, M.E., Wojcik, J.M., Solis, R.A., Khan, A.M. & DeBari, V.A.

2009. Efficacy of an Expanded Ventilator Bundle for the Reduction of Ventilator

associated Pneumonia in the Medical Intensive Care Unit.

Conrad, S.A., Gabrielli, A. & Margolis, B. 2005. Randomized, Double Blind Comparison of

Immediate-release Omeperazole Oral Suspension Versus Intravenous Cimitedine for

the Prevention of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patients. Critical

Care Journal.

Donnie, D. May, 2005. Today’s Hospitalist, Why Some Popular Approaches, from Handwashing

to Good Oral Hygiene, May Not de as Evidence-based as You Think. Seven Strategies to

Prevent VAP : A Look at the Evidence.

Eber, M.R., Laxminaravan, R., Berencevich, E.N. & Malani, A. 2010. A Clinical and

Economic Outcomes Attributable in Health Care-associated Sepsis & Pneumonia.

Arch Iternational Medicine.

Elizabeth, D.B. December 2011. Effect of a Nursing Educational Intervention on the

Prevention of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

A research paper.

26

Geerts, W.H. & Pineo, G.F., Heit, J.A. 2004. Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism. The

Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest

Journal.

Girard, T., Kress J. & Fusch, B. 2008. Efficacy and Safety of a Paired Sedation and

Ventilator Weaning Protocol for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Intensive

Care. (Awakening and Breathing Controlled Trail ). A Randomised Controlled Trial.

Gopal, K.S., Naing, L., Jaalam, K. & Ismail, S. 2008. Baseline-assessment of Intensive Care-

acquired Pneumonia Nosocomial Infection Surveillance in Three Adults Intensive Care

Units in Malaysia. Journal Infection Developing Countries.

Gopal, K.S., Naing, L., Aiyar, S., Bhojani, K., Harussani, N., Abdullah, N. & Ismail, A. 2007.

Baseline Survey on Knowledge Attitude and Practices on Control of Nosocomial

Infection Among Healthcare Workers in Adult Healthcare Workers in Adult Intensive

Care Units, in Proceeding of International Medical and Health Congress. USM, Health

Campus Kubang Kerian , Kelantan, Malaysia.

Garn, M.J., Munro, C.I., Hummel, R.S.III, Elswick, R.K.Jr, & Sessler, C.N. 2010. Effect of

Backrest Elevation on the Development of Ventilator-associated Sepsis & Pneumonia.

Arch International Medicine.

Institute for Healthcare Improvement 100 000. Lives Campaign : Prevention of Ventilator

associated Pneumonia. Accessed Sept. 9, 2012.

Jamizah Zuki. 2008/2009. Assessing Level of Knowledge in ventilator Care Bundles Among

Nurses Working in Critical Care Areas in Hospitals at Klang Valley. Nursing Unit,

Department of Community Health. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UPM.

27

Katherason, S.G., Naing, L., Jaalam, K., Imran Musa, Nik Muhamad, Aiyar, S., Bhojani, K.,

Harussani, N., Abdul Rahman, & Ismail. 2009. Ventilator Associated Nosocomial in

Intensive Care Units in Malaysia.

Kim, L.S., Sazlina Shariff Ghazali, Kim, G.S., Rosna Abdul Rahman, Sharifah Shafinaz

Abdullah, & Swee, L.O. 2011. Oral Care Practise for the Ventilated Patients in

Intensive Care Unit : A Pilot Survey. Creative Attribution License.

Lisbon, T. & Rello, J. 2008. Diagnostic of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia : Is There a Gold

Standard and a Simple Approach ? . Current Opinion in Infections Diseases.

Mary, B.S., Mary, L.S, Sora, J.R., & Jessica, N. 2012. Using Evidence-based Practice to

Prevent Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Critical Care Nurse Journal.

Munro, C., Grap, M., Elswick, Jr.R., Mc Kinney, J., Sessler, C. & Hummel, R.III. 2006. Oral

Health Status & Development of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia : A descriptive Study.

Critical Care Journal.

Muscedere, J., Dodek, P., Keenan, S., Fowler, R., Cook, D. & Heyland, D. 2008.

Comprehensive Evidence-based Clinical Practise Guidelines for Ventilator

associated Pneumonia : Diagnostic and Treatment. VAP Committee and the

Canadian Critical Care Trial Group. Journal of Critical Care.

Petra, L. & Paul, F. 2010. The Ventilator Care Bundle and It’s Impact on Ventilator

associated Pneumonia : A Review of the Evidence. Journal British Association of

Critical Care Nursing.

Rozaidi, S.W., Sukro, J. & Dan, A. 2001. The Evidence of Nosocomial Infection in the

28

Intensive Care Unit, HUKM, ICU Acquired Infection Surveillance Program.

Medical Journal of Malaysia.

Sarah, L.K., Christine, P.K., Laura, D., Jane, F., Samuel, R.K. & Sanjay, S. 2008. Preventing

Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in the United States : A Multicenter Mixed Methods

Study. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology Article.

Schweickett, W.D., Geblbach, R., Pohlman, A., Hall, J.& Kress, J. 2004. Daily Intervention

of Sedative Infusions and Complication of Critical Illness in Mechanically Ventilated

Patient. Critical Care Medicine Journal.

Stonecyper, K. 2010. Ventilator-associated Pneumonia : The Importance of Oral Care in

Intubated Adults. Critical Care Nurse.

Supaletchimi, G.K., Naing, L., Kamarudin Jaalam, Kamarul Imran Musa, Nik Abdullah Nik

Mohamad, Aiyar, S., Kavita, B., Najah Harussani, Aisai Abdul Rahman & Asma Ismail.

2009. Ventilator-associated Nosocomial Pneumonia in Intensive Care Units in

Malaysia. Creative Commons Attribution License.

Valencia, M. & Torres, A. 2009. Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Current Opinion in Critical

Care.

Van Nieuwenhoven, C.A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. & Van Tiel, F.H. 2006. Feasibility and

Effects of the Semirecumbent Position to Prevent Ventilator-associated

Pneumonia : A Randomized Study. Critical Care Medicine Journal.

Wip, C. & Napolitano, L. 2009. Bundles to Prevent Ventilator-associated Pneumonia : How

Valuable are They?. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.

Yeung, K.Y. & Chui, Y.Y. 2010. An Exploration of Factors Affecting Hong Kong ICU Nurses

29

in Promoting Oral care. Clinical Nurse Journal.

30