Reference Writing in Research

8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research

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How

ReferenceWorks?

Provided by

Muhammad ImranLecturer

DBA,FUUAST

H a r v a r d S y s t e m o f R e fH a r v a r d S y s t e m o f R e f e r e n c i n ge r e n c i n g


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Omitting makes it difficult for the readerto pursue any of the points in yourresearch work through further reading.

eference

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Show the source of the; Idea Opinion or statisticsYou have incorporated in research work.


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Books

Journals

Newspaper Articles

Video Tape & Audio Tape

Personal Communication

Word Wide Web

Sources

Electronic Journals/Published Papers


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Books!Books!1. Author(s) surmane(s) and

initial(s)

2. Year of publication3. Title of book (it alics)

4. Edition

5. Name of Publisher

6. Place of Publication

Raymond A.Noe,John R.Hollenbeck,Barry G,Patrick M.Wright.2003,

Human Resource Management: Gaining A Competitive Advantage,

4th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin,NewYork.

Example


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Year of

publication

Nameof Publisher

Author(s)surmane(s)and initial(s)

Titleof book

Place

ofPublication


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With respect to chapters in edited books always add(ed.)or (eds.) in the bibliography

Smith. 1996,The UK Software Industry, in Roland ,T.R, (ed),Industry Profiles,

Background Books,London,pp.1-10.

Smith. 1996,The UK Software Industry, in Roland ,T.R, (ed),Industry Profiles,

Background Books,London,pp.1-10.

Example


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Journals!1. Author(s) surmane(s) and initial(s)

2. Year of publication

3. Title of articles (in invertedcommas)

4. Title of Journal (it ali c)

5. Volume6. Number, part or issue (in brackets)

7. Page-to- page numbersExample

Sheth,J.N.,1992, Emerging Marketing Strategies in Changing Macroeconomics

Environment: A Commentary ,International Marketing Review,Vol.9(1),57-63.

Sheth,J.N.,1992, Emerging Marketing Strategies in Changing Macroeconomics

Environment: A Commentary ,International Marketing Review,Vol.9(1),57-63.


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Newspaper Articles!

1. Title of newspaper (italic)

2. Year of Publication

3. Title of article in inverted commas)

4. Author(s): surname (s) and initial(s) ifstated (in brackets)

5. Publication date (day, month)

6. Page

Example

The Sunday Times,2001, Banking on. upward mobility at Lloyds (Peston,R),28th

October,p.7

The Sunday Times,2001, Banking on. upward mobility at Lloyds (Peston,R),28th

October,p.7


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Video Tape & Audio Tape!1. Production company

2. Year of publication

3. Title of tape/artist (es) (italics)

4. Format

5. Serial number

6. Running time

7. Publisher

8. Place of publication

9. Any other relevant details

Thames Video,1984,Torvill & Dean-Path To Perfections,VHS:TVE9023142/Betamax:

9023144,52mins.Thorn-EMI Video Programmes Ltd.London.Issued February.

Thames Video,1984,Torvill & Dean-Path To Perfections,VHS:TVE9023142/Betamax:

9023144,52mins.Thorn-EMI Video Programmes Ltd.London.Issued February.

Example


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Personal Communication!

Try to use email address

Example

[email protected]; [email protected]@jinnah.edu.pk; [email protected]


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http://www/psychstat.sesu.edu/introbook/sbk03m.htm (Updated 23/12/96)

Stockburber,D W ,Introduction to Statistic:Concepts,Models and Applications.

http://www/psychstat.sesu.edu/introbook/sbk03m.htm (Updated 23/12/96)

Stockburber,D W ,Introduction to Statistic:Concepts,Models and Applications.

World Wed Web!(WWW)

www (Internet) pages : give

URL and date of page update,together with author/titledetails where possible.

Example


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Electronic journal/published

papers!1. Author (s)- surname (s) and

initial(s)

2. Title of article

3. Electronic address

4. Date

Example

Bruckman, A., Identity Workshop: Emergent Social and Psychological Phenomena

in Text-Based Virtual Reality , ftp from ftp.xerox.parc.com, April 1992.

Bruckman, A., Identity Workshop: Emergent Social and Psychological Phenomena

in Text-Based Virtual Reality , ftp from ftp.xerox.parc.com, April 1992.


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Citing the work or Views of

Others! Each reference is referred to by the

author's surname and date (year) insertedin parentheses within the text.

In case of more than one author

Example

It is the view of Clark (1991) that hotel marketing is second-rate and amateurish.It is the view of Clark (1991) that hotel marketing is second-rate and amateurish.

There have been a number of studies of women`s experiences as both

leisure participants and provider (Aitchison,1995,Deem,1996 ,green et al 1990,White,1988).

There have been a number of studies of women`s experiences as both

leisure participants and provider (Aitchison,1995,Deem,1996 ,green et al 1990,White,1988).


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There are more than two authors it is convention

to give the name of the first author followed byet al. which comes from the Latin et alia meaningand others.

If any particular author has published more thanone work in the same year then suffixes a, b,c, etc. are added as required-

Example (Jones ,1987a)


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Quotations!

All quotations must be clearly presented

with the page number to which the extractwas taken.

example: Baldachino stated, Regretfuly , the large majority of

tourism impact studies do not report positive

outcomes,(1997:17)


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Respect and Recognize the

intellectual property of others!

Finally

Reference Writing in Research

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