Reference Worksin British and American

Literature

Second Edition

James K. Bracken

1998Libraries Unlimited, Inc.

Englewood, Colorado

Contents

Acknowledgments xxixIntroduction xxxiFrequently Cited Works

and Acronyms xxxvii

Writers and WorksLascelles Abercrombie, 1881-1938 . . 1Louis Adamic, 1899-1951 1Andy Adams, 1859-1935 1Henry (Brooks) Adams, 1838-

1918 1John Turvill Adams, 1805-1882 . . . . 2Leonie Adams (Fuller), 1899-1988 . . 2Oscar Fay Adams, 1855-1919 2Samuel Hopkins Adams, 1871-

1958 2Joseph Addison, 1672-1719 2George Ade; 1866-1944 3Aelfric, c. 955-c. 1010 3James Agee, 1909-1955 3Conrad (Potter) Aiken, 1889-

1973 4William Harrison Ainsworth,

1805-1882 4Mark Akenside, 1721-1770 4Edward (Franklin) Albee, 1928- . . . 4-(Amos) Bronson Alcott, 1799-1888 . . 5Louisa May Alcott, 1832-1888 . . . . 5Richard (Edward Godfree)

Aldington, 1892-1962 6Thomas Bailey Aldrich, 1836-1907 . . 6Lloyd Alexander, 1924- 6Alfred (the Great), 848-899 7Horatio Alger, Jr., 1832-1899 7Nelson Algren, 1909-1981 8Elizabeth Akers Allen, 1832-1911 . . 8(William) Hervey Allen, 1889-

1949 8James Lane Allen, 1849-1925^ 8Paul Allen, 1775-1826 9William Allingham, 1824-1889 . . . . 9Washington Allston, 1779-1843 . . . 9Richard Alsop, 1761-1815 9Sir Kingsley Amis, 1922- 9A(rchie) R(andolph) Ammons,

1926- 10Ancrene Wisse, c. 1230 10

Fredrick Irving Anderson, 1877-1947 10

Maxwell Anderson, 1888-1959 . . . . 11Poul Anderson, 1926- 11Sherwood Anderson, 1876-1941 . . . 12Andreas, late 9th century 13Lancelot Andrewes, 1555-1626 . . . 13Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, c. 1154 . . . . 13F. Anstey (Thomas Anstey

Guthrie), 1865-1934 13Mary Antin (Grabau), 1881-1949 . . 13John Arbuthnot, 1667-1735 14John Arden, 1930- 14John Armstrong, 1709-1779 14Martin Donisthorpe Armstrong,

1882-1974 14Matthew Arnold, 1822-1888 14Harriette (Simpson) Arnow, 1908-

1986 16T(imothy) S(hay) Arthur, 1809-

1885 16Nathan Asch, 1902-1964 16Sholem Asch, 1880-1957 16Roger Ascham, 1515/16-1568 . . . . 16John (Lawrence) Ashbery, 1927- . . . 16Isaac Asimov, 1920-1992 17Gertrude (Franklin) Atherton,

1857-1948 17William Attaway, 1911-1986 17Margaret Atwood, 1939- 17Louis (Stanton) Auchincloss,

1917- 18W(ystan) H(ugh) Auden, 1907-

1973 18John James Audubon, 1785-1851 . . 20Jane Austen, 1775-1817 20Jane Goodwin Austin, 1831-1894 . . 22Mary (Hunter) Austin, 1868-1934 . . 22William Austin, 1778-1841 23Alan Ayckbourn, 1939- 23Irving Bacheller, 1859-1950 23Delia Salter Bacon, 1811-1859 . . . . 23Francis Bacon, 1561-1626 23George William Bagby, 1828-1883 . . 24Walter Bagehot, 1826-1877 24Alexander Bain, 1818-1903 24Dorothy Baker, 1907-1968 24Elliott Baker, 1922- 24

VII

viii Contents

James Baldwin, 1924-1987 24Joseph Glover Baldwin, 1815-

1864 25John Bale, 1495-1563 25Ballads, Middle English 25R(obert) M(ichael) Ballantyne,

1825-1894 25J(ames) G(raham) Ballard, 1930- . . . 25George Bancroft, 1800-1891 26John Kendrick Bangs, 1862-1922 . . . 26Benjamin Banneker, 1731-1806 . . . . 26Anna Laetitia (Aikin) Barbauld,

1743-1824 26Alexander Barclay, 14757-1552 . . . . 26James Nelson Barker, 1784-1858 . . . 26Joel Barlow, 1754-1812 26Djuna (Chappell) Barnes, 1892-

1982 26Peter Barnes, 1931- 27William Barnes, 1801-1886 27Richard Barnfield, 1574-1627 27Sir J(ames) M(atthew) Barrie,

1860-1937 27John (Simmons) Barth, 1930- 28Donald Barthelme, 1931-1989 . . . . 28Cyrus Augustus Bartol, 1813-

1900 29John Bartram, 1699-1777 29William Bartram, 1739-1823 29(Joseph) Hamilton Basso, 1904-

1964 29H(erbert) E(rnest) Bates, 1905-

1974 29Ralph Bates, 1899- 29L(yman) Frank Baum, 1856-1919 . . 30Richard Baxter, 1615-1691 30Rex (Ellingwood) Beach, 1877-

1949 31Peter S(oyer) Beagle, 1939- 31Aubrey Vincent Beardsley, 1872-

1898 31Charles Beaumont, 1929-1967 . . . . 31Francis Beaumont, 1584-1616,

and John Fletcher, 1579-1625 . . . 31Samuel Barclay Beckett, 1906-

1989 32William Beckford, 1759-1844 34Thomas Lovell Beddoes, 1803-

1849 34Bede, 673-735 35Thomas Beer, 1889-1940 35(Sir Henry) Max(imilian)

Beerbohm, 1872-1956 35Brendan Behan, 1923-1964 35Aphra (Johnson) Behn, 1640?-

1689 36

S(amuel) N(athaniel) Behrman,1893-1973 36

Jeremy Belknap, 1744-1798 36Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell,

1868-1926 37Edward Bellamy, 1850-1898 37Hilaire (Joseph Hilary Pierre)

Belloc, 1870-1953 37Saul Bellow, 1915- 37Park Benjamin, 1809-1864 38(Enoch) Arnold Bennett, 1867-

1931 39Emerson Bennett, 1822-1905 39Beowulf, 8th century 39Thomas (Louis) Berger, 1924- . . . . 40John Berryman, 1914-1972 40Alfred Bester, 1913-1987 41John Betjeman, 1906-1984 41Martha Gilbert Dickinson Bianchi,

1866-1943 41Ambrose (Gwinett) Bierce, 1842-

1914? 42Earl Derr Biggers, 1884-1933 42Robert Montgomery Bird, 1806-

1854 42Elizabeth Bishop, 1911-1979 42John Peale Bishop, 1892-1944 . . . . 43MacKnight Black, 1896-1931 43Paul Blackburn, 1926-1971 43Algernon Blackwood, 1869-1951 . . 44Hugh Blair, 1718-1800 44Lillie Devereux Blake, 1833-1913 . . 44William Blake, 1757-1827 44Burt Blechman, 1932?- 46Ann Eliza Bleecker, 1752-1783 . . . . 46James Blish, 1921-1975 46Judy Blume, 1938- 47Edmund Charles Blunden, 1896-

1974 47Robert (Elwood) Bly, 1926- 47Manoah Bodman, 1765-1850 47Louise Bogan, 1897-1970 48George Henry Boker, 1823-1890 . . . 48Henry St. John, 1st Viscount

Bolingbroke, 1678-1751 48Robert Oxton Bolt, 1924-1995 . . . . 48Edward (Thomas) Bond, 1934- . . . 49Arna (Wendell) Bontemps, 1902-

1973 49Philip E. Booth, 1925- 49George Henry Borrow, 1803-1881 . . 49James Boswell, 1740-1795 49Dion Boucicault, 1820-1890 50Vance (Nye) Bourjaily, 1922- 51Elizabeth (Dorothea Cole)

Bowen, 1899-1973 51

Contents ix

George Bowering, 1935- 51Jane Bowles, 1917-1973 51Paul Frederic Bowles, 1910- 51James Boyd, 1888-1944 52John Boyd, 1912- 52Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, 1848-

1895 52Kay Boyle, 1903-1994 52Robert Boyle, 1627-1691 52Gerald Warner Brace, 1901-1978 . . . 53Hugh Henry Brackenridge, 1748-

1816 53Leigh Brackett, 1915-1978 53Ray (Douglas) Bradbury, 1920-

1996 53William Bradford, 1590-1657 54Marion Zimmer Bradley, 1930- . . . . 54Anne (Dudley) Bradstreet, c.

1612-1672 54John Gardiner Calkins Brainard,

1796-1828 55John Gerard Braine, 1922-1986 . . . . 55Max Brand (Frederick Faust),

1892-1944 55Richard Brautigan, 1935-1984 . . . . 56Jimmy Breslin, 1930- 56Reginald Bretnor, 1911- 56Nicholas Breton, 15557-1626? 56Robert (Seymour) Bridges, 1844-

1930 57Charles Frederick Briggs, 1804-

1877 57Paul Brodeur, 1931- 57Richard Brome, c.1590-1652/3 . . . . 57Louis Bromfield, 1896-1956 57William Bronk, 1918- 58The Brontes: Anne Bronte, 1820-

1849; Charlotte Bronte, 1816-1855; Emily Bronte, 1818-1848;and Patrick Branwell Bronte,1817-1848 58

Rupert Chawner Brooke, 1887-1915 60

Charles T(imothy) Brooks, 1813-1883 61

Cleanth Brooks, 1906- 61Gwendolyn Brooks, 1917- 61Maria Gowen Brooks, c.1794-1845 . . 61Van Wyck Brooks, 1886-1963 61Chandler Brossard, 1922- 62Alice Brown, 1857-1948 62Charles Brockden Brown, 1771-

1810 62George MacKay Brown, 1921- . . . . 62Thomas Brown, 1663-1704 63William Hill Brown, 1765-1793 . . . . 63

William Wells Brown, 18167-1884 . . 63Charles Farrar Browne (Artemus

Ward), 1834-1867 63Sir Thomas Browne, 1605-1682 . . . 63William Browne, of Tavistock,

15907-1645? 64Henry Howard Brownell, 1820-

1872 64Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1806-

1861, and Robert Browning, 1812-1889 64

Orestes Augustus Brownson,1803-1876 68

Brunanburh, c. 937 68C. D. B. Bryan, 1936- 68William Cullen Bryant, 1794-

1878 69John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweeds-

muir, 1875-1940 69Pearl (Sydenstricker) Buck, 1892-

1973 70(Carl) Frederick Buechner, 1926- . . 70Charles Bukowski, 1920-1994 . . . . 70Thomas Bulfinch, 1796-1876 70Ed Bullins, 1935- 70Edward George Earle Lytton

Bulwer-Lytton, 1st BarronLytton, 1803-1873 70

H(enry) C(uyler) Bunner, 1855-1896 71

John Bunyan, 1628-1688 71Robert Jones Burdette, 1844-1914 . . 72Anthony Burgess (John Anthony

Burgess Wilson), 1917-1994 . . . . 72Thornton W(aldo) Burgess, 1874-

1965 72Edmund Burke, 1729-1797 72Frances (Eliza) Hodgson Burnett,

1849-1924 73Fanny Burney (Francis, Mme

D'Arblay), 1752-1840 73Robert Burns, 1759-1796 , 74Edgar Rice Burroughs, 1875-1950 . . 75John Burroughs, 1837-1921 76William S(eward) Burroughs,

1914-1997 76Robert Burton, 1577-1640 77Frederick Busch, 1941- 77Samuel Butler, 1613-1680 77Samuel Butler, 1835-1902 78William (Howard) Allen Butler,

1825-1902 78Mather Byles, 1707-1788 78Edwin Lassetter Bynner, 1842-

1893 79William Byrd II, 1674-1744 79

x Contents

Marcus Lafayette Byrn,1826-1903 . . 79(Brian Oswald) Donn Byrne,

1889-1928 79George Gordon, (6th Baron)

Byron, 1788-1824 79James Branch Cabell, 1879-1958 . . . 81George Washington Cable, 1844-

1925 82Caedmon, fl. 670 82Abraham Cahan, 1860-1951 82James M(allahan) Cain, 1892-

1977 83Paul Cain (Peter Ruric), fl. 1933-

1946 83Erskine (Preston) Caldwell, 1903-

1987 83Hortense Calisher, 1911- 83George Henry Calvert, 1803-1889 . . 83William Camden, 1551-1623 83(Ignatius Royston Dunnachie)

Roy Campbell, 1901-1957 83Thomas Campbell, 1777-1844 . . . . 84Thomas Campion, 1567-1620 84Nash Candelaria, 1928- 84Dorothy Canfield Fisher, 1879-

1958 84Robert (Emmett) Cantwell, 1908-

1978 84Truman Capote, 1924-1984 84Thomas Carew, 1594/5-1640 . . . . 7 84Henry Carey, 16877-1743 85Will(iam McKendree) Carleton,

1845-1912 85Jane Baillie Welsh Carlyle, 1801-

1866 85Thomas Carlyle, 1795-1881 85(William) Bliss Carman, 1861-1929 . . 86Paul Carroll, 1927- 86Hayden Carruth, 1921- 86Guy Wetmore Carry 1,1873-1904 . . . 86Rachel Carson, 1907-1964 86Hodding Carter, 1907-1972 86William Alexander Caruthers,

1802-1846 l 87Raymond Carver, 1938-1989 87Alice Cary, 1820-1871 87(Arthur) Joyce (Lunel) Cary,

1888-1957 87Phoebe Cary, 1824-1871 87Willa (Sibert) Cather, 1873-1947 . . . 88Mary (Hartwell) Catherwood,

1847-1902 90Christopher Caudwell (Christo-

pher St. John Sprigg), 1907-1937 90

Madison (Julius) Cawein, 1865-1914 90

William Caxton, c. 1422-1491 . . . . 90Susannah Centlivre, 1669-1723 . . . 90Robert W(illiam) Chambers, 1865-

1933 91Raymond Chandler, 1888-1959 . . . 91William Ellery Charming, 1780-

1842 91William Ellery Charming (II),

1818-1901 91William Henry Charming, 1810-

1884 91George Chapman, 15597-1634 . . . . 92Leslie Charteris, 1907- 92Jerome Charyn, 1937- 92Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770 . . . 92Geoffrey Chaucer, c. 1343-1400 . . . 93John Cheever, 1912-1982 98Caroline Chesebro', 1825-1873 . . . . 99Charles W(addell) Chesnutt,

1858-1932 99George Randolph Chester, 1869-

1924 99Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th

Earl of Chesterfield, 1694-1773 100

G(ilbert) K(eith) Chesterton,1874-1936 100

Lydia Maria (Frances) Child,1802-1880 101

Thomas Holley Chivers, 1809-1858 101

Kate (O'Flaherty) Chopin, 1851-1904 101

Christ, c. 790-830 102Dame Agatha (Miller) Christie,

1890-1976 102Charles Churchill, 1732-1764 . . . 103Winston Churchill, 1871-1947 . . . 103John Ciardi, 1916-1985 103Colley Cibber, 1671-1757 104John Clare, 1793-1864 104Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clar-

endon, 1609-1674 104Eleanor Clark, 1913- 104Willis Gaylord Clark, 1808-

1841 105Walter Van Tilburg Clark, 1909-

1971 105Arthur C(harles) Clarke, 1917- . . 105Austin Clarke, 1896-1974 105James Freeman Clarke, 1810-

1888 105McDonald Clarke, 1798-1842 . . . 106John Cleland, 1709-1789 106

Contents xi

Samuel Langhorne Clemens(Mark Twain), 1835-1910 . . . . 106

John Cleveland, 1613-1658 109Cloud of Unknowing, c.1350-1400 . . 109Arthur Hugh Clough, 1819-1861 . . 109Robert M(yron) Coates, 1897-

1973 110Humphrey Cobb, 1899-1944 . . . . 110Irvin S(hrewsbury) Cobb, 1876-

1944 110Sylvanus Cobb, Jr., 1823-1887 . . . 110William Cobbett, 1763-1835 110J(ohn) M(ichael) Coetzee, 1940- . . I l lElizabeth Boatwright Coker,

1909- I l lSamuel Taylor Coleridge, 1772-

1834 I l lJeremy Collier, 1650-1726 112(William) Wilkie Collins, 1824-

1889 112William Collins, 1721-1759 113George Colman, the Elder, 1732-

1794 113George Colman, the Younger,

1762-1836 113Padraic Colum, 1881-1972 114Richard Condon, 1915- 114William Congreve, 1670-1729 . . . . 114Evan S(helby) Connell, Jr., 1924- . . 115Joseph Conrad (Jozef Teodor

Konrad Korzeniowski), 1857-1924 115-

Jack Qohn Wesley) Conroy, 1899-1980 120

Moncure Daniel Conway, 1832-1907 120

John Esten Cooke, 1830-1886 . . . . 120Rose Terry Cooke, 1827-1892 . . . . 120James Fenimore Cooper, 1789-

1851 120Susan (Augusta) Fenimore

Cooper, 1813-1894 121Robert (Lowell) Coover, 1932- . . . 121A(Ifred) E(dgar) Coppard, 1878-

1957 121Richard Corbett, 1582-1635 122Robert Cormier, 1925- 122Charles Cotton, 1630-1687 122John Cotton, 1584-1652 122(Sir) Noel (Pierce) Coward, 1899-

1973 122Abraham Cowley, 1618-1667 . . . . 122Malcolm Cowley, 1898-1989 . . . . 123William Cowper, 1731-1800 123Frederick Swartwout Cozzens,

1818-1869 124

James Gould Cozzens, 1903-1978 124

George Crabbe, 1754-1832 124(Edward Henry) Gordon Craig,

1872-1966 125Christopher Pearse Cranch,

1813-1892 125(Harold) Hart Crane, 1899-1932 . . 125Stephen Crane, 1871-1900 126Adelaide Crapsey, 1878-1914 . . . 128Richard Crashaw, 1612/13-1649 . . 128Francis Marion Crawford, 1854-

1909 128Robert (White) Creeley, 1926- . . . 129Michel-Guillaume Jean de

Crevecouer (J. Hector St. Johnde Crevecoeur), 1735-1813 . . . 130

Harry Crews, 1935- 130A(rchibald) J(oseph) Cronin,

1896-1981 130Caresse Crosby, 1892-1970 130Harry Crosby, 1898-1929 130Countee Cullen, 1903-1946 130George Cumberland, 1754-1848 . . 131Richard Cumberland, 1732-1811 . 131E(dward) E(stlin) Cummings,

1894-1962 131Maria Susanna Cummins, 1827-

1866 132J(ames) V(incent) Cunningham,

1911-1985 132Robert Bontine Cunninghame

Graham, 1852-1936 132George William Curtis, 1824-

1892 132James Oliver Curwood, 1878-

1927 132Eliza L. Cushing, b. 1794- 133Cynewulf, late eighth or ninth

century 133James McBride Dabbs, 1896-

1970 133Edward Dahlberg, 1900-1977 . . . 133Eneas Sweetland Dallas, 1829-

1879 133Richard Henry Dana, Jr., 1815-

1882 133Richard Henry Dana, Sr., 1787-

1879 134Samuel Daniel, 1563-1619 134Olive Tilford Dargan, 1869-

1968 134Charles Robert Darwin, 1809-

1882 135(Sir) William D'Avenant, 1606-

1668 136

xii Contents

John Davidson, 1857-1909 136Donald Alfred Davie, 1922- 136(Sir) John Davies, 1569-1626 . . . . 136W(illiam) H(enry) Davies, 1871-

1940 137Charles Augustus Davis, 17957-

1868? 137John Davis, 1775-1854 137Rebecca Harding (Blaine) Davis,

1831-1910 137Richard Harding Davis, 1864-

1916 137Rufus Dawes, 1803-1859 138Fielding Dawson, 1930- 138Cecil Day-Lewis, 1904-1972 138Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731 138John William De Forest, 1826-

1906 140Thomas Dekker, 15707-1632 . . . . 140Walter de la Mare, 1873-1956 . . . . 141Margaret(ta Wade Campbell)

Deland, 1857-1945 141Martin R(obinson) Delany, 1812-

1885 141Samuel R. Delany, 1942- 141Don DeLillo, 1936- 141Floyd Dell, 1887-1969 142Thomas Deloney, 15607-1600 . . . . 142Lester Del Rey, 1915-1993 142(Sir) John Denham, 1615-1669 . . . 142Joseph Dennie, 1768-1812 142John Dennis, 1657-1734 142Deor, ninth or tenth century . . . . 142Thomas De Quincey, 1785-1859 . . 143George Horatio Derby, 1823-

1861 143August (William) Derleth, 1909-

1971 143Peter De Vries, 1910-1993 143John Dewey, 1859-1952 144Philip K. Dick, 1928-1982 144Charles (John Huffham) Dickens,

1812-1870 145James (Lafayette) Dickey, 1923-

1997 150Emily (Elizabeth) Dickinson,

1830-1886 151Gordon R. Dickson, 1923- 153Joan Didion, 1934- 154Benjamin Disraeli, 1804-1881 . . . . 154Thomas Dixon, Jr., 1864-1946 . . . . 154Henry Austin Dobson, 1840-

1921 154E(dgar) L(awrence) Doctorow,

1931- 155

Mary Abigail Dodge (GailHamilton), 1833-1896 155

Mary (Elizabeth) Mapes Dodge,1831-1905 155

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson(Lewis Carroll), 1832-1898 . . . 155

J(ames) P(atrick) Donleavy,1926- 157

John Donne, 1572-1631 157Ignatius (Loyola) Donnelly,

1831-1901 159H(ilda) D(oolittle Aldington),

1886-1961 159Ed(ward Merton) Dorn, 1929- . . . 159John (Roderigo) Dos Passos,

1896-1970 160Gavin Douglas, 14757-1522 . . . . 160James Douglas, 1929- 160Lloyd C(assel) Douglas, 1877-

1951 161(George) Norman Douglas,

1868-1952 161Frederick Douglass, 1817-1895 . . 161Ernest Christopher Dowson,

1867-1900 161Arthur Conan Doyle, 1859-1930 . . 162Margaret Drabble, 1939- 164Joseph Rodman Drake, 1795-

1820 164Michael Drayton, 1563-1631 . . . . 164Dream of the Rood, c. 10th

century 164Theodore Dreiser, 1871-1945 . . . . 164John Drinkwater, 1882-1937 . . . . 166William Drummond, of

Hawthornden, 1585-1649 . . . . 166John Dryden, 1631-1700 166W(illiam) E(dward) B(urghardt)

DuBois, 1868-1963 167Alan Dugan, 1923- 168Augustine Joseph Hickey

Duganne, 1823-1884 168Paul Laurence Dunbar, 1872-

1906 168William Dunbar, 14567-1513? . . . 169Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson,

1875-1935 169Robert (Edward) Duncan, 1919-

1988 169William Dunlap, 1766-1839 . . . . 170Finley Peter Dunne, 1867-1936 . . 170Edward John Moreton Drax

Plunkett, 18th BaronDunsany, 1878-1957 170

Thomas D'Urfey, 1653-1723 . . . . 170

Contents xiii

Lawrence George Durrell, 1912-1990 170

John S(ullivan) Dwight, 1813-1893 171

Theodore Dwight, 1764-1846 . . . . 171Timothy Dwight, 1752-1817 . . . . 171John Dyer, 1699-1757 172Wilma Dykeman, 1920- 172John Earle, 16017-1665 172William Eastlake, 1917- 172Richard (Ghormley) Eberhart,

1904- 172Maria Edgeworth, 1768-1849 . . . . 172Walter D(umaux) Edmonds,

1903- 173Jonathan Edwards, 1703-1758 . . . 173Edward Eggleston, 1837-1902 . . . 174Larry Eigner, 1927- 174George Eliot (Mary Ann, later

Marian, Evans), 1819-1880 . . . 174T(homas) S(tearns) Eliot, 1888-

1965 176Stanley (Lawrence) Elkin, 1930- . . 178George P(aul) Elliott, 1918-1980 . . 178William Elliot, 1788-1863 178Ralph (Waldo) Ellison, 1914-

1994 178David Ely, 1927- 179Sir Thomas Elyot, c. 1490-1546 . . . 179Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-

1882 179(Sir) William Empson, 1906-

1984 183Thomas Dunn English, 1819-

1902 183Evangeline Walton Ensley, 1907- . . 183Seymour Epstein, 1917- 183Clayton Eshleman, 1935- 183(Sir) George Etherege, 16347-

1691 184John Evelyn, 1620-1706 184William Everson, 1912-1994 . . . . 185 •Frederick Exley, 1929- 185Exodus, c. early eighth century . . . 185Edward Fairfax, d. 1635 185Sumner Lincoln Fairfield, 1803-

1844 185George Farquhar, 16777-1707 . . . . 185James T(homas) Farrell, 1904-

1979 186William (Cuthbert) Faulkner,

1897-1962 186Irvin Faust, 1924- 193Edgar Fawcett, 1847-1904 193Theodore Sedgwick Fay, 1807-

1898 193

Kenneth Fearing, 1902-1961 . . . . 194Edna Ferber, 1887-1968 194Lawrence Ferlinghetti, 1920- . . . . 194Vincent Ferrini, 1913- 194Eugene Field, 1850-1895 194Henry Fielding, 1707-1754 194James T(homas) Fields, 1817-

1881 195Martha (Farquharson) Finley,

1828-1909 195The Fight at Finnsburh, c. 750 . . . . 195(Arthur Annesley) Ronald

Firbank, 1886-1926 196Vardis (Alvero) Fisher, 1895-

1968 196John Fiske, 1842-1901 196(William) Clyde Fitch, 1865-

1909 196Edward FitzGerald, 1809-1883 . . 197F(rancis) Scott (Key) Fitzgerald,

1896-1940 197Zelda Fitzgerald, 1899-1948 . . . . 198Janet Flanner, 1892-1978 198Giles Fletcher, the Younger,

15857-1623 198John Gould Fletcher, 1886-1950 . . 199Phineas Fletcher, 1582-1650 . . . . 199Timothy Flint, 1780-1840 199John Florio, c. 1553-1625 199Mary Hallock Foote, 1847-1938 . . 199Samuel Foote, 1720-1777 199Shelby Foote, 1916- . 199Ford Madox Ford (Ford

Hermann Hueffer), 1873-1939 200

Jesse Hill Ford, 1928- 200John Ford, 1586-after 1639 200Paul Leicester Ford, 1865-1902 . . 201E(dward) M(organ) Forster,

1879-1970 201Hannah Webster Foster, 1758-

1840 202John Robert Fowles, 1926- 202John (William) Fox, Jr., 1862-

1919 203Ralph (Winston) Fox, 1900-1937 . . 203William Price Fox, 1926- 203John Foxe, 1516-1587 203Convers Francis, 1795-1863 . . . . 203Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790 . . . 203Harold Frederic, 1856-1898 205Mary E(leanor) Wilkins Free-

man, 1852-1930 205Alice French (Octave Thanet),

1850-1934 205

xiv Contents

Philip (Morin) Freneau, 1752-1832 206

Bruce Jay Friedman, 1930- 206Brian Friel, 1929- 206Robert (Lee) Frost, 1874-1963 . . . . 206Octavius Brooks Frothingham,

1822-1895 208Christopher (Harris) Fry, 1907- . . 208Northrop Frye, 1912-1991 208Daniel Fuchs, 1909- 209Athol Fugard, 1932- 209Henry Blake Fuller, 1857-1929 . . . 209(Sarah) Margaret Fuller

(Marchesa d'Ossoli), 1810-, 1850 210

Thomas Fuller, 1608-1661 210William Gaddis, 1922- 211Ernest J. Gaines, 1933- 211Zona Gale, 1874-1938 211William Davis Gallagher, 1808-

1894 211John Galsworthy, 1867-1933 . . . . 211Erie Stanley Gardner, 1889-1970 . . 212John (Champlin) Gardner, (Jr.),

1933-1982 212(Hannibal) Hamlin Garland,

1860-1940 212George (Palmer) Garrett, (Jr.),

1929- 213David Garrick, 1717-1779 213George Gascoigne, c. 1534-1577 . . 213Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell,

1810-1865 214William H(oward) Gass, 1924- . . . 214Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,

c. 1375 215John Gay, 1685-1732 216Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss,

Theo. LeSieg), 1904-1991 216Jack Gelber, 1932- 217Martha Gellhorn, 1908- 217Genesis A and B, c. 8th century . . . 217Katharine Fullerton Gerould,

1879-1944 217Edward Gibbon, 1737-1794 217Walter B. Gibson, 1897- 218William Gibson, 1914- 218(Sir) William Schwenck Gilbert,

1836-1911 218Frank B(unker) Gilbreth, Jr.,

1911- 219Gildas, d. 570 219Richard Watson Gilder, 1844-

1909 219Charles Gildon, 1665-1724 219

(Arthur) Eric (Rowton) Gill,1882-1940 219

Brendan Gill, 1914- 220Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1860-

1935 220Allen Ginsberg, 1926-1997 220George (Robert) Gissing, 1857-

1903 221Ellen (Anderson Gholson)

Glasgow, 1873-1945 222Susan Keating Glaspell, 1882-

1948 223William Godwin, 1756-1836 . . . . 224Oliver Joseph St. John Gogarty,

1878-1957 224Herbert Gold, 1924- 224Michael (Irwin Granich) Gold,

1893-1967 224Arthur Golding, 15367-1605? . . . 224(Sir) William Golding, 1911-

1993 224Oliver Goldsmith, 17307-1774 . . . 225Paul Goodman, 1911-1972 226Samuel Griswold Goodrich

(Peter Parley), 1793-1860 . . . . 226Nadine Gordimer, 1923- 226Caroline Gordon, 1895-1981 . . . . 226Joe Gores, 1931- 227(Sir) Edmund (William) Gosse,

1849-1928 227Robert Gover, 1929- 227John Gower, 13307-1408 227(Charles) William Goyen, 1915-

1983 228Sheilah Graham, 19047-1988 . . . . 228Shirley Ann Grau, 1929- 228Richard Graves, 1715-1804 228Robert van Ranke Graves, 1895-

1985 228John Henry Gray, 1866-1934 . . . . 229Simon James Holliday Gray,

1936- 230Thomas Gray, 1716-1771 230Andrew M. Greeley, 1928- 230Anna Katharine Green, 1846-

1935 231Matthew Green, 1697-1737 231Paul (Eliot) Green, 1894-1981 . . . 231Kate (Catherine) Greenaway,

1846-1901 231Joanne Greenberg, 1932- 232(Henry) Graham Greene, 1904-

1991 232Robert Greene, 1558-1592 233Arthur Gregor, 1923- 233

Contents xv

(Isabella) Augusta (Persse),Lady Gregory, 1852-1932 . . . . 233

(Sir) Fulke Greville, 1st BaronBrooke, 1554-1628 234

Zane Grey, 1872-1939 234Sutton E(lbert) Griggs, 1872-

1930 235Rufus Wilmot Griswold, 1815-

1857 235Alfred Grossman, 1927- 235Davis Grubb, 1919-1980 236Barbara Guest, 1920- 236Louise Imogen Guiney, 1861-

1920 236Neil Miller Gunn, 1891-1973 . . . . 236Thom(son William) Gunn, 1929- . . 236A(lfred) B(ertram) Guthrie, (Jr.),

1901-1991 236William Habington, 1605-1654 . . . 237Sir H(enry) Rider Haggard,

1856-1925 237Richard Hakluyt, 1552-1616 . . . . 237Edward Everett Hale, 1822-1909 . . 238Lucretia Peabody Hale, 1820-

1900 238Nancy Hale, 1908-1988 238Sarah Josepha (Buell) Hale,

1788-1879 238Thomas Chandler Haliburton,

1796-1865 238George Savile, 1st Marquis of

Halifax, 1633-1695 238Baynard Rush Hall, 1798-1863 . . . 238James Hall, 1793-1868 238James Norman Hall, 1887-1951 . . 239Joseph Hall, 1574-1656 239Arthur Henry Hallam, 1811-

1833 239FitzGreene Halleck, 1790-1867 . . . 239Charles Graham Halpine (Miles

O'Reilly), 1829-1868 239(Samuel) Dashiell Hammett,

1894-1961 239Jupiter Hammon, c. 1720-c. 1800 . . 240Christopher Hampton, 1946- . . . . 240Lorraine Hansberry, 1930-1965 . . . 240Arthur Sherburne Hardy, 1847-

1930 240John Edward Hardy, 1922- 240Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928 240Sir John Harington, c. 1561-1612 . . 243Henry Harland (Sidney Luska),

1861-1905 243Frances Ellen Watkins Harper,

1825-1911 244James Harrington, 1611-1677 . . . . 244

George Washington Harris,1814-1869 244

Joel Chandler Harris, 1848-1908 . . 244Mark Harris, 1922- 244Constance Cary Harrison, 1843-

1920 244Frederic Harrison, 1831-1923 . . . 245Tony Harrison, 1937- 245Joseph C. Hart, 1798-1855 245(Francis) Bret(t) Harte, 1836-

1902 245Stephen Hawes, c. 1475-1511 . . . 246John (Clendennin Burne)

Hawkes, (Jr.), 1925- 246Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804-

1864 247John (Milton) Hay, 1838-1905 . . . 249Ernest Haycox, 1899-1950 249Robert Hayden, 1913-1980 249Paul Hamilton Hayne, 1830-

1886 250William Hazlitt, 1778-1830 250Samuel Hazo, 1928- 250Shirley Hazzard, 1931- 250Seamus Heaney, 1939- 250Lafcadio Hearn, 1850-1904 251Frederic Henry Hedge, 1805-

1890 251Robert A(nson) Heinlein, 1907-

1988 252Joseph Heller, 1923- 252Lillian Hellman, 1905-1984 252Ernest (Miller) Hemingway,

1899-1961 253Beth Henley, 1952- 256W(illiam) E(rnest) Henley, 1849-

1903 256Robert Henryson, 14247-1506? . . 256Caroline Lee Hentz, 1800-1856 . . 256Edward, Lord Herbert, of

Cherbury, 1582-1648 256Frank Herbert, 1920-1986 256George Herbert, 1593-1633 257Henry William Herbert (Frank

Forester), 1807-1858 258Josephine (Frey) Herbst, 1892-

1969 259Joseph Hergesheimer, 1880-

1954 259James Leo Herlihy, 1927- 259Robert Herrick, 1591-1674 259Robert Herrick, 1868-1938 260John (Richard) Hersey, 1914-

1993 260William Heyen, 1940-' 260DuBose Heyward, 1885-1940 . . . 260

xvi Contents

John Heywood, 14977-1580? . . . . 261Thomas Heywood, 15747-1641 . . . 261George V. Higgins, 1939- 261Thomas Wentworth Higginson,

1823-1911 262Richard Hildreth, 1807-1865 . . . . 262James Abraham Hillhouse, 1789-

1841 262Walter Hilton, d. 1396 262Chester (Bonmar) Himes, 1909-

1984 262Rolando Hinojosa (-Smith),

1929- 263Enos Hitchcock, 1744-1803 263Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679 263Thomas Hoccleve, 13697-1426 . . . 264Ralph Edwin Hodgson, 1871-

1962 264Charles Fenno Hoffman, 1806-

1884 264Daniel (Gerard) Hoffman, 1923- . . 265James Hogg, 1770-1835 265Josiah Gilbert Holland (Timothy

Titcomb), 1819-1881 266Marietta Holley (Josiah Allen's

Wife), 1836-1926 266John Holmes, 1904-1962 266John Clellon Holmes, 1926-1988 . . 266Mary Jane (Hawes) Holmes,

1825-1907 266Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809-

1894 266Homilies, Old English 267Thomas Hood, 1799-1845 267Richard Hooker, 15547-1600 . . . . 267Thomas Hooker, 1586-1647 268Johnson Jones Hooper, 1815-

1862 268Gerard Manley Hopkins, 1844-

1889 268Pauline Hopkins, 1859-1930 . . . . 270Paul Horgan, 1903-1995 270William H(owe) C(uyler)

Hosmer, 1814-1877 270Emerson Hough, 1857-1923 270A(lfred) E(dward) Housman,

1859-1936 270Richard Hovey, 1864-1900 271E(dgar) W(atson) Howe, 1853-

1937 271Julia Ward Howe, 1819-1910 . . . . 271William Dean Howells, 1837-

1920 272W(illiam) H(enry) Hudson,

1841-1922 273

(James) Langston Hughes, 1902-1967 273

Ted (Edward James) Hughes,1930- 274

William Humphrey, 1924- 274James Gibbons Huneker, 1857-

1921 275(James Henry) Leigh Hunt,

1784-1859 275Evan Hunter (Ed McBain),

1926- ,. 275Zora Neale Hurston, 19017-

1960 275Richard Holt Hutton, 1826-

1897 276Aldous Leonard Huxley, 1894-

1963 276T(homas) H(enry) Huxley, 1825-

1895 276Gilbert Imlay, c. 1754-1828 277Dean Ing, 1931- 277William Inge, 1913-1973 277Joseph Holt Ingraham, 1809-

1860 278Washington Irving, 1783-1859 . . . 278Christopher Isherwood, 1904-

1986 279Sir Isumbras, before 1320 279Charles (Reginald) Jackson,

1903-1968 279Helen (Maria) Hunt Jackson

(Saxe Holm), 1830-1885 279Shirley (Hardie) Jackson, 1916-

1965 280James I, King of Scotland, 1394-

1437 280Henry James, (Jr.), 1843-1916 . . . 280Will(iam Roderick) James, 1892-

1942 284Thomas Allibone Janvier, 1849-

1913 " 284Randall Jarrell, 1914-1965 284Richard Jefferies, 1848-1887 . . . . 284(John) Robinson Jeffers, 1887-

1962 284Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1826 . . . . 285(Patricia) Ann Jellicoe, 1927- . . . . 286Sarah Orne Jewett, 1849-1909 . . . 286Edward Johnson, 1598-1672 . . . . 287James Weldon Johnson, 1871-

1938 287Josephine (Winslow) Johnson,

1910- 287Lionel (Pigot) Johnson, 1867-

1902 288

Contents xvii

Owen (McMahon) Johnson,1878-1952 288

Samuel Johnson, 1709-1784 288Samuel Johnson, 1822-1882 291Mary Johnston, 1870-1936 291Richard Malcolm Johnston, 1822-

1898 291David Michael Jones, 1895-1974 . . 291Henry Arthur Jones, 1851-1929 . . 291James Jones, 1921-1977 291John Beauchamp Jones, 1810-

1866 292LeRoi Jones (Imamu Amiri

Baraka), 1934- 292Madison Percy Jones, 1925- 292Erica (Mann) Jong, 1942- 292Ben(jamin) Jonson, 1572/3-1637 . . 292Matthew Josephson, 1899-1978 . . 294James Augustine Aloysius Joyce,

1882-1941 294Samuel B(enjamin) H(elbert)

Judah, 1804-1876 300Sylvester Judd, 1813-1853 300Judith, late 9th century 301Julian of Norwich, c. 1342-after

1416 301"Junius," fl.1769-1772 301Roger Kahn, 1927- 301MacKinlay Kantor, 1904-1977 . . . 301Patrick Kavanagh, 1905-1967 . . . . 301John B. Keane, 1928- 302John Keats, 1795-1821 302Clarence Budington Kelland,

1881-1964 304Edith Summers Kelley, 1884-

1956 304William Melvin Kelley, 1937- . . . . 304Walt Kelly, 1913-1973 304Margery Kempe, c. 1373-c. 1439 . . 304Adrienne Kennedy, 1931- 305John Pendleton Kennedy, 1795-

1870 305William Kennedy, 1928- 305X. J. Kennedy, 1929- 305Jack Kerouac, 1922-1969 305Ken Kesey, 1935- 306Francis Scott Key, 1779-1843 . . . . 306John Oliver Killens, 1916-1987 . . . 306(Alfred) Joyce Kilmer, 1886-1918 . . 306Thomas Kilroy, 1934- 306Richard Burleigh Kimball, 1816-

1892 307Grace Elizabeth King, 1851-1932 . . 307Henry King, 1592-1669 307Stephen King, 1947- 307William King, 1663-1712 308

King Horn, c. 1225 308Charles Kingsley, 1819-1875 . . . . 308Galway Kinnell, 1927- 309Rudyard Kipling, 1865-1936 . . . . 309Caroline (Matilda) Stansbury

Kirkland (Mary Clavers),1801-1864 310

Joseph Kirkland, 1830-1894 . . . . 310Sarah Kemble Knight, 1666-

1727 310John Knowles, 1926- 311Arthur Koestler, 1905-1983 311Arthur L. Kopit, 1937- 311Jerzy (Nikodem) Kosinski, 1933-

1991 311Stanley J(asspon) Kunitz, 1905- . . 312Thomas Kyd, 1558-1594 312Peter B(ernard) Kyne, 1880-

1957 312Charles Lamb, 1775-1834 313Louis (Dearborn) L'Amour,

19107-1988 313Melville De Lancey Landon (Eli

Perkins), 1839-1910 314Walter Savage Landor, 1775-

1864 314Charles Lane, fl. 1840s 314William Langland, perhaps

c. 1330-c. 1386 314Sidney Lanier, 1842-1881 316Lucy Larcom, 1824-1893 317Ring(old) W(ilmer) Lardner,

1885-1933 317Philip Arthur Larkin, 1922-1985 . . 317Jeremy Lamer, 1937- 318George Parsons Lathrop, 1851-

1898 318D(avid) H(erbert) Lawrence,

1885-1930 318T(homas) E(dward) Lawrence,

1888-1935 322Emma Lazarus, 1849-1887 323Edward Lear, 1812-1888 323F(rank) R(aymond) Leavis,

1895-1978 323John Le Carre (David John

Moore Cornwell), 1931- 323Harper (Nelle) Lee, 1926- 323Nathaniel Lee, 16497-1692 323Vernon Lee (Violet Paget), 1856-

1935 324J(oseph) S(heridan) LeFanu,

1814-1873 324Ursula K. LeGuin, 1929- 324Fritz Leiber, 1910- 324

xviii Contents

Charles Godfrey Leland (HansBreitmann), 1824-1903 325

John Leland, c. 1503-1552 325Madeleine L'Engle, 1918- 325Charlotte (Ramsay) Lennox,

1720-1804 325Hugh Leonard (John Keyes

Byrne), 1926- 325Eliza Leslie, 1787-1858 325Doris May Taylor Lessing, 1919- . . 325(Sir) Roger L'Estrange, 1616-

1704 326Denise Levertov, 1923- 326Ira Levin, 1929- 327G(eorge) H(enry) Lewes, 1817-

1878 327Alfred Henry Lewis, c. 1858-

1914 327C(live) S(taples) Lewis, 1898-

1963 327Janet Lewis, 1899- 329M(atthew) G(regory) Lewis,

1775-1818 329(Harry) Sinclair Lewis, 1885-

1951 329(Percy) Wyndham Lewis, 1882-

1957 329George Lillo, 1693-1739 330Joseph C(rosby) Lincoln, 1870-

1944 330Sir David Lindsay, c. 1486-1555 . . 330George Lippard, 1822-1854 331David Ross Locke (Petroleum

Vesuvius Nasby), 1833-1888 . . . 331Ross (Franklin) Lockridge, Jr.,

1914-1948 331George Cabot Lodge, 1873-1909 . . 331Thomas Lodge, 1558-1625 331Harold Loeb, 1891-1974 331Jack (John Griffith) London,

1876-1916 331Haniel Long, 1888-1956 333Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,

1807-1882 . 333Samuel Longfellow, 1819-1892 . . . 333Augustus Baldwin Longstreet,

1790-1870 333Anita Loos, 1888-1981 334Harriett Mulford Stone Lothrop

(Margaret Sidney), 1844-1924 . . 334H(oward) P(hillips) Lovecraft,

1890-1937 334Richard Lovelace, 1618-1657/8 . . 335Amy (Lawrence) Lowell, 1874-

1925 335James Russell Lowell, 1819-1891 . . 335

Robert Traill Spence Lowell,1816-1891 335

Robert (Traill Spence) Lowell,(Jr.), 1917-1977 335

(Clarence) Malcolm Lowry,1909-1957 337

E(dward) V(errall) Lucas, 1868-1938 338

Grace Lumpkin, 19037-1980 . . . . 338Alison Lurie, 1926- 338John Lydgate, 13707-1449 338John Lyly, 15547-1606 338Harris Merton Lyon, 1883-1916 . . 339Andrew Nelson Lytle, 1902-

1995 339Edward Robert Bulwer Lytton,

1st Earl of Lytton, 1831-1891 . . 339Robert McAlmon, 1896-1956 . . . . 340Thomas Babington Macaulay,

1800-1859 340Anne McCaffrey, 1926- 340Cormac McCarthy, 1933- 340Mary (Therese) McCarthy, 1912-

1989 340Horace McCoy, 1897-1955 341Carson (Smith) McCullers, 1917-

1967 341George Barr McCutcheon, 1866-

1928 341Hugh MacDiarmid (Christopher

Murray Grieve), 1892-1978 . . . 342John D(ann) MacDonald, 1916-

1986 342Ross Macdonald (Kenneth

Millar), 1915-1983 342Katherine (Sherwood Bonner)

MacDowell, 1849-1883 343William (Morley Punshon)

McFee, 1881-1966 343Thomas (Francis) McGuane

(III), 1939- ." 343Arthur Llewelyn Machen, 1863-

1947 343James McHenry (Solomon

Secondsight), 1785-1845 343Claude McKay, 1890-1948 344James McKenna, 1933- 344Henry MacKenzie, 1745-1831 . . . 344Archibald MacLeish, 1892-1982 . . 3.44Larry (Jeff) McMurtry, 1936- . . . . 344(Frederick) Louis MacNeice,

1907-1963 344James MacPherson, 1736-1796 . . . 345Norman Mailer, 1923- 345Charles Major, 1856-1913 345Bernard Malamud, 1914-1986 . . . 346

Contents xix

(Battle of) Maldon, c. 1000 346Sir Thomas Malory, d. 1471 346David (Alan) Mamet, 1947- 347Bernard de Mandeville, 1670-

2733 34gSir John Mandeville, fl. 1356/7 . . . 348Frederick Manfred (Feike

Feikema), 1912- 348Katherine Mansfield (Kathleen

Mansfield Beauchamp), 1888-1923 349

William Edward March (WilliamEdward March Campbell),1893-1954 349

Wallace Markfield, 1926- 349Christopher Marlowe, 1564-

1593 349J(ohn) P(hillips) Marquand,

1893-1960 351Don(ald Robert Perry) Marquis,

1878-1937 351(Captain) Frederick Marryat,

1792-1848 351James Marsh, 1794-1842 351John Marston, 15777-1634 351Andrew Marvell, 1621-1678 . . . . 352John Edward Masefield, 1878-

1967 353Philip Massinger, 1583-1640 . . . . 353Edgar Lee Masters, 18687-1950 . . . 353Cotton Mather, 1663-1728 353Richard Mather, 1596-1669 354Cornelius Mathews, 1817-1889 . . . 354(James) Brander Matthews,

1852-1929 354Peter Matthiessen, 1927- 354Charles Robert Maturin, 1782-

1824 355W(illiam) Somerset Maugham,

1874-1965 355Julian May, 1931- 355Julian Mayfield, 1928-1984 356William Starbuck Mayo, 1811-

1895 356Henry Medwall, fl. 1486 356Herman Melville, 1819-1891 . . . . 356H(enry) L(ouis) Mencken, 1880-

1956 360Miguel Mendez M., 1930- 361George Meredith, 1828-1909 . . . . 362William (Morris) Meredith,

1919- 362James (Ingram) Merrill, 1926-

1995 363Thomas Merton, 1915-1969 363

W(illiam) S(tanley) Merwin,1927- 363

Paul Metcalf, 1917- 363Oscar Micheaux, 1884-1951 . . . . 363James A(lbert) Michener, 1907-

1997 364Thomas Middleton, 1580-1627 . . . 364John Stuart Mill, 1806 ^ 7 3 . . . . 365Edna St. Vincent Millay, 1892-

1950 365Arthur Miller, 1915- 366Henry Miller, 1891-1980 366Joaquin Miller (Cincinnatus

Hiner Miller), 18417-1913 . . . . 367Walter M. Miller, Jr., 1923- 368A(lan) A(lexander) Milne, 1882-

1956 368John Milton, 1608-1674 369Donald Grant Mitchell (Ik.

Marvel), 1822-1908 373Isaac Mitchell, c. 1759-1812 . . . . 373John Ames Mitchell, 1845-1918 . . 373Margaret Mitchell, 1900-1949 . . . 373S(ilas) Weir Mitchell, 1829-1914 . . 373Robert Molloy, 1906-1977 374N(avarre) Scott Momaday,

1934- 374Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

(Pierrepoint), 1689-1762 374William Vaughan Moody, 1869-

1910 374Clement Clarke Moore, 1779-

1863 374George Augustus Moore, 1852-

1933 374Marianne (Craig) Moore, 1887-

1972 375Thomas Moore, 1779-1852 376Henry More, 1614-1687 376Sir Thomas More, 14777-1535 . . . 376Christopher (Darlington)

Morley, 1890-1957 378John Morley, 1838-1923' 378George Pope Morris, 1802-1864 . . 378William Morris, 1834-1896 378Wright Morris, 1910- 380Toni Morrison, 1931- 380Sarah Wentworth Morton, 1759-

1846 381Howard Moss, 1922-1987 381John Lothrop Motley, 1814-1877 . . 381Willard Motley, 1912-1965 381(Ellen) Louise Chandler

Moulton, 1835-1908 381Edwin Muir, 1887-1959 381John Muir, 1838-1914 382

xx Contents

Clarence E(dward) Mulford,1883-1956 382

Lewis Mumford, 1895-1990 382Anthony Munday, 1560-1633 . . . . 383Dame Iris Jean Murdoch, 1919- . . 383Mary Noailles Murfree (Charles

Egbert Craddock), 1850-1922 . . 383Arthur Murphy, 1727-1805 384Thomas Murphy, 1935- 384John Middleton Murry, 1889-

1957 384Peter Hamilton Myers, 1812-

1878 384Mystery Plays, thirteenth-

sixteenth centuries 384Vladimir Nabokov, 1899-1977 . . . 385(Sir) V(idiadhar) S(urajprasad)

Naipaul, 1932- 386Ogden Nash, 1902-1971 387Thomas Nashe, 1567-1601 387Robert (Gruntal) Nathan, 1894-

1985 387John Neal (Jehu O'Cataract),

1793-1876 388Joseph Clay Neal, 1807-1847 . . . . 388John G(neisenau) Neihardt,

1881-1973 388Howard Nemerov, 1920- 388Jay Neugeboren, 1938- 388Margaret (Cavendish), Duchess

of Newcastle, 1623-1723 388Charles King Newcomb, 1820-

1894 389Robert Henry Newell (Orpheus

C. Kerr), 1836-1901 389Edward Newhouse, 1911- 389Frances Newman, 1888-1928 . . . . 389John Henry Newman, 1801-

1890 389Peter Richard Nichols, 1927- . . . . 390Meredith Nicholson, 1866-1947 . . 390J(ohn) F(rederick) Nims, 1913- . . . 390Anais Nin, 1903-1977 391Mordecai Manuel Noah, 1785-

1851 391Charles Bernard Nordhoff, 1887-

1947 391Marsha Norman, 1947- 392(Benjamin) Frank(lin) Norris,

1870-1902 392Andre Norton, 1912- 393Bill (Edgar Wilson) Nye, 1850-

1896 393Joyce Carol Oates, 1938- 393Edna O'Brien, 1932- 394Fitz-James O'Brien, c. 1828-1862 . . 394

Sean O'Casey (John Casey),1880-1964 394

Edwin O'Connor, 1918-1968 . . . . 396Flannery O'Connor, 1925-1964 . . 396Clifford Odets, 1906-1963 397Liam O'Flaherty, 1896-1984 . . . . 397Frank O'Hara, 1926-1966 398John (Henry) O'Hara, 1905-1970 . 398Chad Oliver, 1928- 399Charles Olson, 1910-1970 399Elder (James) Olson, 1909- 400Eugene (Gladstone) O'Neill,

1888-1953 400Joel Oppenheimer, 1930- 402John Boyle O'Reilly, 1844-1890 . . 402Joe Orton, 1933-1967 402George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair),

1903-1950 402John James Osborne, 1929-1994 . . 403Frances Sargent (Locke) Osgood,

1811-1850 403Thomas Otway, 1652-1685 403Wilfred Owen, 1893-1918 403Cynthia Ozick, 1928- 404Thomas Nelson Page, 1853-1922 . 404Albert Bigelow Paine, 1861-

1937 404Thomas Paine, 1737-1809 404Grace Paley, 1922- 405Dorothy (Rothschild) Parker,

1893-1967 405Theodore Parker, 1810-1860 . . . . 405Francis Parkman, 1823-1893 . . . . 405Thomas Parnell, 1679-1718 406Anne Parrish, 1888-1957 406Thomas Williams Parsons, 1819-

1892 406Sara Payson Willis Parton

(Fanny Fern), 1811-1872 406Kenneth Patchen, 1911-1972 . . . . 406Walter Horatio Pater, 1839-1894 . . 407Coventry Kersey Dighton

Patmore, 1823-1896 407Elliott Harold Paul, 1891-1958 . . . 407James Kirke Paulding (Launcelot

Langstaff), 1778-1860 408John Howard Payne, 1791-1852 . . 408Elizabeth Palmer Peabody,

1804-1894 . 408Thomas Love Peacock, 1785-

1866 408Mervyn Laurence Peake, 1911-

1968 408George Peele, 1556-1596 409Samuel Pepys, 1633-1703 409James Gates Percival, 1795-1856 . . 409

Contents xxi

Thomas Percy, 1729-1811 409Walker Percy, 1916-1990 409William Alexander Percy, 1885-

1942 410S(idney) J(oseph) Perelman,

1904-1979 410Julia (Mood) Peterkin, 1880-

1961 410Ann Petry, 1911- 410Elizabeth (Stuart) Phelps (H.

Trusta), 1815-1852 411Charles Philbrick, 1922-1971 . . . . 411Ambrose Philips, 1674-1749 . . . . 411Katherine Philips, 1631-1664 . . . . 411David Graham Phillips, 1867-

1911 411Phoenix, later ninth century 411John James Piatt, 1835-1917 411Albert Pike, 1809-1891 412Josephine Pinckney, 1895-1957 . . . 412Sir Arthur Wing Pinero, 1855-

1934 412Edward Coote Pinkney, 1802-

1828 412Harold Pinter, 1930- 412Sylvia Plath, 1932-1963 413Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849 414Frederik Pohl, 1919- 417Francis Pollini, 1930- 417Maria Louise Pool, 1841-1898 . . . 417Ernest Poole, 1880-1950 417Alexander Pope, 1688-1744 417Eleanor Hodgman Porter, 1868-

1920 418Katherine Anne Porter, 1890-

1980 418Peter Neville Frederick Porter,

1929- 419William Sydney Porter (O.

Henry), 1862-1910 419Charles (McColl) Portis, 1933- . . . 420Ezra (Weston Loomis) Pound,

1885-1972 420Anthony Dymoke Powell, 1905- . . 422Dawn Powell, 1897-1965 422J(ames) F(arl) Powers, 1917- . . . . 423John Cowper Powys, 1872-1963 . . 423Llewelyn Powys, 1884-1939 . . . . 424T(heodore) F(rancis) Powys,

1875-1953 424Winthrop Macworth Praed,

1802-1839 424William Hickling Prescott, 1796-

1859 424Reynolds Price, 1933- 424Richard Price, 1723-1791 425

J(ohn) B(oynton) Priestley, 1894-1984 425

Elizabeth Waties Allston Pringle(Patience Pennington), 1845-1921 425

Matthew Prior, 1664-1721 425Proverbs, Precepts, and

Monitory Pieces, MiddleEnglish 425

James Purdy, 1923- 426Howard Phelps Putnam, 1894-

1948 426George Puttenham, c. 1529-

1591 426Mario Puzo, 1920- 426Howard Pyle, 1853-1911 426Barbara Mary Crampton Pym,

1913-1980 426Thomas Pynchon, 1937- 427Francis Quarles, 1592-1644 427David (William) Rabe, 1940- . . . . 428Arthur Rackham, 1867-1939 . . . . 428Ann Radcliffe, 1764-1823 428Sir Walter Ralegh, 15547-1618 . . . 429Allan Ramsay, 1686-1758 429Ayn Rand, 1905-1982 429Thomas Randolph, 1605-1635 . . . 430John Crowe Ransom, 1888-1974 . . 430Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings,

1896-1953 430Thomas Buchanan Read, 1822-

1872 431Charles Reade, 1814-1884 431John (Francisco) Rechy, 1934- . . . 431Ishmael (Scott) Reed, 1938- . . . . 431Sampson Reed, 1800-1880 431Clara Reeve, 1729-1807 432Robert Reginald (Michael

Burgess, Boden Clarke),1948- 432

Frederic Sackrider Remington,1861-1909 , 432

Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1723-1792 . . 432Eugene Manlove Rhodes, 1869-

1934 433Jean Rhys (Ella Gwendolyn Rees

Williams), 18907-1979 433Alice Hegan (Caldwell) Rice,

1870-1942 434Elmer Rice (Elmer Reizenstein),

1892-1967 434Dorothy Miller Richardson,

1873-1957 434Samuel Richardson, 1689-1761 . . 434Conrad (Michael) Richter, 1890-

1968 435

xxii Contents

Edgell Rickword, 1898-1982 . . . . 435Riddles, Old English 435Laura Riding (Laura Reichenthal),

1901-1991 435James Whitcomb Riley, 1849-

1916 435Mary Roberts Rinehart, 1876-

1958 436George Ripley, 1802-1880 436Sophia Dana Ripley, fl. 1820s-

1847? 436Tomas Rivera, 1935-1984 436Amelie Rives, Princess

Troubetzkoy, 1863-1945 436Elizabeth Madox Roberts, 1881-

1941 436Kenneth (Lewis) Roberts, 1885-

1957 437T(homas) W(illiam) Robertson,

1829-1871 437Edwin Arlington Robinson,

1869-1935 437Rowland Evans Robinson, 1833-

1900 438John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of

Rochester, 1647-1680 438Ross Rocklynne, 1913- 439E(dward) P(ayson) Roe, 1838-

1888 439Theodore Roethke, 1908-1963 . . . 439Samuel Rogers, 1763-1855 440Richard Rolle, c. 1300-1349 440O(le) E(dvart) Rolvaag, 1876-

1931 441Christina Georgina Rossetti,

1830-1894 441Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1828-

1882 441Henry Roth, 1906?- 442Philip Roth, 1933- 442Jerome Rothenberg, 1931- 442Constance (Mayfield) Rourke,

1885-1941 442Nicholas Rowe, 1674-1718 443Mary (White) Rowlandson, c.

1635-c. 1678 443William Rowley, 15857-1626 . . . . 443Susanna (Haswell) Rowson, c.

1762- 1824 443Anne Newport Royall, 1769-

1854 443Michael Rumaker, 1932- 443(Alfred) Damon Runyon, 1880-

1946 443(Ahmed) Salman Rushdie, 1947-. . 443John Ruskin, 1819-1900 444

Joanna Russ, 1937- 445George William Russell (AE),

1867-1935 445Irwin Russell, 1853-1879 445Abram Joseph Ryan, 1838-1886 . . 445Charles Sackville, Lord

Buckhurst, later 6th Earl ofDorset, 1638-1706 446

Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl ofDorset, Baron Buckhurst,1536-1608 446

George Edward BatemanSaintsbury, 1845-1933 446

Floyd Salas, 1931- 446J(erome) D(avid) Salinger, 1919- . 446Edgar Evertson Saltus, 1855-

1921 446Franklin Benjamin Sanborn,

1831-1917 446Carl (August) Sandburg, 1878-

1967 447Mari Sandoz, 1896-1966 447Stephen Sandy, 1934- 447George Sandys, 1578-1644 448Epes Sargent, 1813-1880 448Pamela Sargent, 1948- 448William Saroyan, 1908-1981 . . . . 448(Eleanor) May Sarton, 1912- . . . . 449Siegfried Loraine Sassoon, 1886-

1967 449John Godfrey Saxe, 1816-1887 . . . 450Dorothy L(eigh) Sayers, 1893-

1957 450Jack Schaefer, 1907-1991 451Budd (Wilson) Schulberg, 1914- . . 451Delmore Schwartz, 1913-1966 . . . 451Evelyn Scott, 1893-1963 451Sir Walter Scott, 1771-1832 451Winfield Townley Scott, 1910-

1968 453Seafarer, before about 940 453Charles Sealsfield (Karl Postl),

1793-1864 453Catharine Maria Sedgwick,

1789-1867 453Sir Charles Sedley, 16397-1701 . . . 453Alan Seeger, 1888-1916 454Maurice (Bernard) Sendak,

1928- 454Mary Lee Settle, 1918- 454Anne Sexton, 1928-1974 454Thomas Shadwell, 16427-1692 . . . 454Anthony Shaffer, 1926-, and

Peter Levin Shaffer, 1926- . . . . 455

Contents xxiii

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rdEarl of Shaftesbury, 1671-1713 455

William Shakespeare, 1564-1616 . . 455Ntozake Shange, 1948- 468Karl (Jay) Shapiro, 1913- 468(George) Bernard Shaw, 1856-

1950 468Henry Wheeler Shaw (Josh

Billings), 1818-1885 471Irwin Shaw, 1913-1984 471Wilfred (John Joseph) Sheed,

1930- 471Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley,

1797-1851 471Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1792-1822 . . 472William Shenstone, 1714-1763 . . . 473Sam Shepard (Samuel Shepard

Rogers Jr.), 1943- 473Thomas Shepard, 1605-1649 . . . . 473Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1751-

1816 473Frank Dempster Sherman, 1860-

1916 473Benjamin Penhallow Shillaber,

1814-1890 474James Shirley, 1596-1666 474Luke Short (Frederick Glidden),

1908-1975 474Sir Philip Sidney, 1554-1586 . . . . 474Lydia Huntley Sigourney, 1791-

1865 475Edward Rowland Sill, 1841-

1887 475Alan Sillitoe, 1928- 475Robert Silverberg, 1935- 476Clifford D. Simak, 1904-1988 . . . . 476William Gilmore Simms (Frank

Cooper), 1806-1870 476Neil Simon, 1927- 477Louis (Aston Marantz) Simpson,

1923- 477N(orman) F(rederick) Simpson,

1919- 477Upton (Beall) Sinclair, 1878-

1968 .477Isaac Bashevis Singer, 1904-1991 . . 478Dame Edith Louisa Sitwell,

1887-1964 478John Skelton, 14607-1529 478Christopher Smart, 1722-1771 . . . 479Betty (Wehner) Smith, 1904-

1972 479Charles Henry Smith, 1826-1903 . . 479Charlotte Smith, 1748-1806 480

Cordwainer Smith (Paul MyronAnthony Linebarger), 1913-1966 480

Elihu Hubbard Smith, 1771-1798 480

Francis Hopkinson Smith, 1838-1915 480

Captain John Smith, 1580-1631 . . 480Richard Perm Smith, 1799-1854 . . 480Samuel Francis Smith, 1808-

1895 481Seba Smith, 1792-1868 481Stevie (Florence Margaret) Smith,

1902-1971 481William Gardner Smith, 1927- . . . 481Tobias George Smollett, 1721-

1771 481William Joseph Snelling, 1804-

1848 482W(illiam) D(eWitt) Snodgrass,

1926- 482C(harles) P(ercy) Snow, 1905-

1980 483Gary (Sherman) Snyder, 1930- .. . . 483Susan Sontag, 1933- 483Gilbert Sorrentino, 1929- 483Robert Southey, 1774-1843 484Saint Robert Southwell, 15617-

1595 484E(mma) D(orothy) E(liza)

N(evitte) Southworth, 1819-1899 485

Dame Muriel Sarah CambergSpark, 1918- 485

John Speicher, 1934- 485Elizabeth Spencer, 1921- 485Sir Stephen Harold Spender,

1909- 485Edmund Spenser, c. 1552-1599 . . . 486Mickey Spillane (Frank

Morrison), 1918- 488Harriet (Elizabeth) Prescott

Spofford, 1835-1921 488Elliott White Springs, 1896-

1959 489David Stacton, 1923-1968 489Jean Stafford, 1915-1979 489Ann Stanford, 1916- 489Olaf Stapledon, 1886-1950 489Edmund Clarence Stedman,

1833-1908 489Sir Richard Steele, 1672-1729 . . . 490Wilbur Daniel Steele, 1886-1970 . . 490Wallace (Earle) Stegner, 1909-

1993 490

xxiv Contents

Gertrude Stein, 1874-1946, andAlice B(abette) Toklas, 1877-1967 490

John (Ernst) Steinbeck, 1902-1968 491

Sir Leslie Stephen, 1832-1904 . . . . 494James Stephens, 1882-1950 495George Sterling, 1869-1926 495Laurence Sterne, 1713-1768 495Wallace Stevens, 1879-1955 497Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson,

1850-1894 498Donald Ogden Stewart, 1894-

1980 499George R(ippey) Stewart, 1895-

1980 499Frank (Francis) R(ichard)

Stockton, 1834-1902 500Charles Warren Stoddard, 1843-

1909 500Elizabeth Drew (Barstow)

Stoddard, 1823-1902 500Richard Henry Stoddard, 1825-

1903 500William Leete Stone, 1792-1844 . . 500Tom Stoppard, 1937- 501David Malcolm Storey, 1933- . . . . 501William Wetmore Story, 1819-

1895 501Rex Stout, 1886-1975 501Harriet (Elizabeth) Beecher Stowe

(Christopher Crowfield),1811-1896 501

(Giles) Lytton Strachey, 1880-1932 502

Gene(va Grace) Stratton-Porter,1863-1924 502

Thomas Sigismund Stribling,1881-1965 503

William Strode, 1602-1645 503Jesse (Hilton) Stuart, 1907-1984 . . 503Theodore (Hamilton) Sturgeon,

1918-1985 503William (Clark) Styron, 1925- . . . 504Sir John Suckling, 1609-1642 . . . . 504Ruth Suckow, 1892-1960 504Hollis Summers, 1916- 505Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey,

15177-1547 505Jonathan Swift, 1667-1745 505Algernon Charles Swinburne,

1837-1909 507John Addington Symonds, 1840-

1893 507Arthur William Symons, 1865-

1945 507

(Edmund) John MillingtonSynge, 1871-1909 508

John B(anister) Tabb, 1845-1909 . . 509Genevieve Taggard, 1894-1948 . . 509Tales, Middle English 509Harden E(dwards) Taliaferro,

1818-1875 509(Newton) Booth Tarkington,

1869-1946 509(John Orley) Allen Tate, 1899-

1979 509James (Vincent) Tate, 1943- 510(James) Bayard Taylor, 1825-

1878 510Edward Taylor, c. 1644-1729 . . . . 510Jeremy Taylor, 1613-1667 510John Taylor, 15787-1653 511Peter (Hillsman) Taylor, 1917-

1994 511Sir William Temple, 1628-1699 . . . 512Tabitha (Gilman) Tenney, 1762-

1837 512Alfred Tennyson, 1809-1892 . . . . 512Madison Tensas, M.D. (Henry

Clay Lewis), 1825-1850 514Mary Virginia Terhune (Marion

Harland), 1830-1922 514Megan Terry, 1932- 514William Makepeace Thackeray,

1811-1863 514Celia (Laighton) Thaxter, 1835-

1894 516Dylan Marlais Thomas, 1914-

1953 516Frederick William Thomas,

1806-1866 517Daniel Pierce Thompson, 1795-

1868 517Francis Thompson, 1859-1907 . . . 517(James) Maurice Thompson,

1844-1901 517William Tappan Thompson,

1812-1882 518James Thomson, 1700-1748 518James Thomson (B. V), 1834-

1882 518Mortimer Neal Thomson, 1831-

1875 518Henry David Thoreau, 1817-

1862 518T(homas) B(angs) Thorpe, 1815-

1878 522James (Grover) Thurber, 1894-

1961 522Wallace Thurman, 1902-1934 . . . 523Henry Timrod, 1828-1867 523

Contents xxv

J(ohn) R(onald) R(euel) Tolkien,1892-1973 523

Jean Toomer, 1894-1967 526Bradford Torrey, 1843-1912 526Albion W(inegar) Tourgee, 1838-

1905 526Cyril Tourneur, 15757-1626 526Thomas Traherne, 1637-1674 . . . . 526B. Traven, 18827-1969 527John Trevisa, 13407-1402 527Lionel Trilling, 1905-1975 527Anthony Trollope, 1815-1882 . . . . 527Frances Trollope, 1780-1863 529J(ohn) T(ownsend) Trowbridge,

1827-1916 529John Trumbull, 1750-1831 529George Tucker, 1775-1861 529Nathaniel Beverley Tucker

(Edward William Sidney),1784-1851 529

St. George Tucker, 1752-1827 . . . . 529Frederick Goddard Tuckerman,

1821-1873 530Henry Theodore Tuckerman,

1813-1871 530John R. Tunis, 1889-1975 530Anne Tyler, 1941- 530Royall Tyler, 1757-1826 530William Tyndale, c. 1495-1536 . . . 530Nicholas Udall, c. 1504-1556 . . . . 531John (Hoyer) Updike, 1932- . . . . 531Edward Falaise Upward, 1903- . . 532Leon Uris, 1924- 532Sir Thomas Urquhart, 1611-

1660 532Sir John Vanbrugh, 1664-1726 . . . 532Jack Vance, 1916- 532Henry Van Dyke, 1852-1933 . . . . 533Carl Van Vechten, 1880-1964 . . . . 533A(lfred) E(lton) Van Vogt, 1912- . . 533Henry Vaughan, 1621-1695 533Jones Very, 1813-1880 534'Gore Vidal, 1925- 534Jose Antonio Villarreal, 1924-. . . . 534John Donaldson Voelker (Robert

Traver), 1903- 535Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., 1922- 535John Barrington Wain, 1925-

1994 535Diane Wakoski, 1937- 536Waldere, before late tenth

century 536Alice (Malsenior) Walker, 1944- . . 536David Walker, 17857-1830 536Margaret Abigail Walker, 1915- . . 536

Horace Binney Wallace, 1817-1852 537

Lew(is) Wallace, 1827-1905 537Edward Lewis Wallant, 1926-

1962 537Edmund Waller, 1606-1687 537Horace Walpole, 1717-1797 537Izaak Walton, 1593-1683 538Joseph Wambaugh, 1937- 538Wanderer, before about 940 538Edward (Ned) Ward, 1667-1731 . . 538Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward,

1844-1911 538William Ware, 1797-1852 538Anna Bartlett Warner (Amy

Lothrop), 1827-1915 539Charles Dudley Warner, 1829-

1900 539Rex (Reginald Ernest) Warner,

1905-1986 539Susan Bogert Warner (Elizabeth

Wetherell), 1819-1885 539Caroline Matilda (Thayer)

Warren, 17877-1844 540Mercy Otis Warren, 1728-1814 . . . 540Robert Perm Warren, 1905-1989 . . 540Joseph Warton, 1722-1800, and

Thomas Warton, 1728-1790 . . . 540Booker T(aliaferro) Washington,

1856-1915 541Wendy Wasserstein, 1950- 541Frank Waters, 1902-1995 541Ian Watson, 1943- 541George Watterson, 1783-1854 . . . 542Isaac Watts, 1674-1748 542Evelyn (Arthur St. John) Waugh,

1903-1966 542John V(an) A(lstyn) Weaver,

1893-1938 543Frank J. Webb, fl. 1857-1870 . . . . 543Charles Wilkins Webber, 1819-

1856 -. 543John Webster, c. 1578-c. 1632 . . . . 543John Weiss, 1818-1879 544H(erbert) G(eorge) Wells, 1866-

1946 544Eudora Welty, 1909- 545Glenway Wescott, 1901-1987 . . . . 547Arnold Wesker, 1932- 547Alick (John Alexander) West,

1895-1972 547Jessamyn West, 1907-1984 547Nathaniel West, 1903-1940 547Dame Rebecca West (Cicily

Isabel Fairfield Andrews),1892-1983 548

xxvi Contents

Edward Noyes Westcott, 1846-1898 548

Edith (Newbold Jones) Wharton,1862-1937 548

Phillis Wheatley, 17537-1784 . . . . 549Charles Stearns Wheeler, 1816-

1843 549John (Brooks) Wheelwright,

1897-1940 549James Abbott McNeill Whistler,

1834-1903 550Frances Miriam Whitcher, 1814-

1852 550E(lwyn) B(rooks) White, 1899-

1985 550Gilbert White, 1720-1793 551Stewart Edward White, 1873-

1946 551T(erence) H(anbury) White,

1906-1964 551William Allen White, 1868-1944 . . 551Brand Whitlock, 1869-1934 551Sarah Helen (Power) Whitman,

1803-1878 552Walt(er) Whitman, 1819-1892 . . . . 552Adeline Dutton Train Whitney,

1824-1906 554(Edward) Reed Whittemore (II),

1919- 554John Greenleaf Whittier, 1807-

1892 554Widsith, c. seventh century 555Elie Wiesel, 1928- 555Kate Douglas Wiggin, 1856-

1923 556Richard (Purdy) Wilbur, 1921- . . . 556Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills

Wilde, 1854-1900 556Amos N. Wilder, 1895-1993 558Laura Ingalls Wilder, 1867-1957 . . 559Thornton (Niven) Wilder, 1897-

1975 559Charles W(alter) S(tansby)

Williams, 1886-1945 560Heathcote Williams, 1941- 560John A(lfred) Williams, 1 9 2 5 - . . . . 560Jonathan Williams, 1929- 560Tennessee (Thomas Lanier)

Williams, 1911-1983 561William Carlos Williams, 1883-

1963 562Jack Williamson, 1908- 563Calder (Baynard) Willingham,

(Jr.), 1922-1995 563N(athaniel) P(arker) Willis,

1806-1867 564

Sir Angus Frank JohnstoneWilson, 1913-1991 564

Augusta Jane Evans Wilson,1835-1909 564

Colin Henry Wilson, 1931- 564Harriet Wilson, 1808-c. 1870 . . . . 565Harry Leon Wilson, 1867-1939 . . . 565Lanford Wilson, 1937- 565Margaret Wilson, 1882-1973 . . . . 565Thomas Wilson, c. 1525-1581 . . . 565Donald Windham, 1920- 565William Winter, 1836-1917 565(Arthur) Yvor Winters, 1900-

1968 566Theodore Winthrop, 1828-1861 . . 566John Wise, 1652-1725 566Adele Wiseman, 1928-1992 566Owen Wister, 1860-1938 566George Wither, 1588-1667 567Sir P(elham) G(renville)

Wodehouse, 1881-1975 567Larry (Alfred) Woiwode, 1941- . . 568Gene Wolfe, 1931- 568Thomas (Clayton) Wolfe, 1900-

1938 569Maritta Wolff, 1918- 570Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797 . . 570Charles Wood, 1932- 571Sarah Sayward Barrell Keating

Wood, 1759-1855 571George Edward Woodberry,

1855-1930 571Samuel Woodworth, 1785-1842 . . 571Leonard Sidney Woolf, 1880-

1969 571(Adeline) Virginia Woolf, 1882-

1941 571Cornell Woolrich (George

Hopley, William Irish), 1903-1968 574

Constance Fenimore Woolson,1840-1894 575

William Wordsworth, 1770-1850 575

Sir Henry Wotton, 1568-1639 . . . 578Herman Wouk, 1915- 578Harold Bell Wright, 1872-1944 . . . 578James (Arlington) Wright, 1927-

1980 578Richard (Nathaniel) Wright,

1908-1960 579Wulfstan, d. 1023 579Rudolph Wurlitzer, 1937- 579Sir Thomas Wyatt, 1503-1542 . . . 580William Wycherley, 1641-1715 . . . 580John Wyclif, c. 1330-1384 580

Contents xxvii

Elinor (Hoyt) Wylie, 1885-1928 . . . 581 George Zebrowski, 1945- 585Philip Wylie, 1902-1971 581 Roger Zelazny, 1937- 585Elizabeth (Lillie) Buffum Chace Louis Zukofsky, 1904-1978 586

Wyman, 1847-1929 581Richard Yates, 1926- 581William Butler Yeats, 1865-1939 . . 581 Chronological Appendix . . . . 589Arthur Young, 1741-1820 584 Nationality Appendix 605Edward Young, 1683-1765 584 Author/Title Index 623Marguerite Young, 1909- 585 Subject Index 719Stark Young, 1881-1963 585 3 U D J e c l l n a t ; x

Israel Zangwill, 1864-1926 585