Reference Pages

Module 5 Lesson 4

Reference Pages

• Text references in reports can take several forms. Typically, you should refer to a style manual for the specific format required for your report.

MLA Style Guide

Citation Machine

Several Forms? What Forms?

• Endnotes

• Textual citations (or parenthetical references)

• Footnotes

Endnotes

Listing of all material quoted within the text.

Endnotes • Similar in content

to a footnote.• Only note the

works cited in the document.

• Place all the notes at the end of the report on a separate page

Endnotes

• Number the endnotes page the same way the other pages of the report are numbered.

Endnotes• Center the

heading, ENDNOTES, in all caps and use a 2” top margin.

• Use the same side margins as used in the report.

Endnotes

• Endnotes are numbered consecutively as they appear in the report and are preceded by a superscript number.

Endnotes

• Each individual entry is single-spaced, with a double space between entries.

Endnotes• The first line of each entry should be

flush with the left margin.• Continuation lines should be indented .5”

from the left. (i.e., hanging indentation—refer to automatic formatting features in your software)

Textual Citations

Citations of material placed directly within the body of a report.

Textual Citations• The author’s name and the page number of

where the source can be found is located in parentheses at the end of the passage (long quote).

Textual Citations

• Textual Citations noted within the text are fully compiled in a Works Cited page at the end of the report.

Works Cited

Very similar to the Endnotes. It is used with Academic Reports. It is a collection of sources cited within the report.

Formatting Works Cited

• The Works Cited page appears at the end of your paper and the page number should be numbered in sequence with the body of the report.

Formatting Works Cited

• Follow margins used for the research paper (leaving a 1” top margin).

• Double-space the list.

Formatting Works Cited

• Center the title, WORKS CITED, in all caps and leave a double space between the title and the first entry.

Formatting Works Cited• The first line of each entry should be

flush with the left margin.• Continuation lines should be indented .5”

from the left. (i.e., hanging indentation—refer to automatic formatting features in your software)

Formatting Works Cited

• Alphabetize the entries according to the last name of the author.

• Separate the main parts of an entry with periods; these are author (last name, then first name), title, publisher, and page numbers.

Formatting Works Cited• Underline or italicize book, magazine, and

newspaper titles and place quotation marks around the titles of articles, poetry, or essays. The date of the issue follows the periodical title. A colon and one space separates the date and the specific pages where the article can be found.

Footnotes

Cites the source of quoted material at the bottom of the page where the quote occurs.

Formatting Footnotes• Check your software for

automated features in formatting text references as either endnotes or footnotes.

• If not using an automated feature, typically, footnotes will appear a double-space below the last line of text on the page

Formatting Footnotes• Single-space

continuation lines and begin them at the left margin. Double-space between footnotes.

• Footnotes require that you plan ahead and provide for the space needed on the page if not using an automated footnote feature.

Formatting Footnotes

• Footnotes are separated from the body of the report with a divider line that is 1.5” long.

Formatting Footnotes

• Source footnotes provide the reader with the essential details necessary to find the reference. Source footnotes consist of these four elements:

• Author(s) + Title of Work + Facts of Publication + Page Reference

Citations• Footnotes, endnotes and works

cited, refer the reader to information outside the text. They may be used to acknowledge the source of information, to support arguments, to provide additional material, to identify quoted material, to elaborate on the meaning, or to refer to other parts of the text.

Bibliography

Alphabetical listing of the material used in the report and is located at the end of the report.

Bibliography

• It is different from a Works Cited because you are listing ALL sources used in the creating of the report, not only the ones that were cited within the report.

Formatting Bibliography

• The Bibliography page appears at the end of your report.

Formatting Bibliography

• Center the title, BIBLIOGRAPHY, in all caps, followed by a quadruple space between the title and the first entry.

Formatting Bibliography

• Single-space individual entries, with a double space between entries.

Formatting Bibliography• Separate the main parts of an entry

with commas; these are author (last name, then first name), title, date, and page numbers.

• Each entry ends with a period.

Formatting Bibliography• Alphabetize the entries according to the last

name of the author.• Underline or italicize book, magazine, and

newspaper titles and place quotation marks around the titles of articles, poetry, or essays. The date of the issue follows the periodical title.