Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper A1W.J. BARTZ1, D. WIENECKE21TECHNISCHE AKADEMIE ESSLINGEN, GERMANY, 2VOLKSWAGEN AG, GERMANY

UTJECAJ FORMULACIJE ZUP^ANI^KOG ULJA NA POTRO[NJU GORIVA OSOBNIH

AUTOMOBILA

INFLUENCE OF GEAR OIL FORMULATION ON FUEL ECONOMY OF

PASSENGER CARS

Sa`etak[tednja energije tribolo{kim mjerama

zna~i smanjenje gubitaka izazvanih trenjem i bru{enjem, optimiziranjem konstrukcije kao i izborom materijala, in`enjeringom povr{ina te in`enjeringom podmazivanja. Ovi se ciljevi, naravno, posti`u samo tribolo{kim mjerama koje uklju~uju primjenu maziva koja smanjuju trenje. Va`ni se daljnji koraci moraju primijeniti temeljeni na promjeni konstrukcije motora i vozila, smanjenju te`ine te na razvoju procesa izgaranja uklju~uju}i i pro{irenu primjenu dizelovih motora.

Smanjenje potra`nje goriva kod motora zahtijeva smanjenje gubitaka energije unutar cjelokupnog sustava pogona vozila. Gubici kod zup~ani~kih kao i u~inkovitost zup~ani~kog prijenosnika ovisi o prenesenoj snazi, brzini, re`imu podmazivanja, materijala, stanju povr{ina i geometrije te osobito o mazivu.

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja utjecaja baznog ulja i aditiva na potro{nju i ekonomi~nost goriva, kori{tenjem ispitnih ure|aja sa zup~anicima na probnim stolovima, kao i automobila Polo na dinamometru.

AbstractEnergy saving by tribological measures

means the reduction of the friction and wear caused losses by optimized design and materials selection, surface engineering as well as lubricating engineering (1,2,3,4). Of course, these targets cannot be reached only by tribological measures, including the application of friction reducing lubricants. Important additional steps have to be implemented based on a change of design of engines and vehicles, on weight reducing measures and on the development of the combustion processes, includig an increasing propagation of diesel engines.

Minimizing the fuel consumption of engines requires the reduction of energy losses within the complete driving system of a vehicle. Gear losses and gear efficiency depend on the transmitted power, the speed, the lubrication regime, the material, surface condition, and geometry and especially on the lubricants itself.

The paper presents test results of the influence of base oil and additives on fuel consumption and fuel economy using gear test rigs as well as Polo car on dynamometer.

Referat/Paper A/2R. MANDAKOVI]INA ZAGREB, VELEPRODAJA MAZIVA

UTJECAJ EUROPSKIH ZAHTJEVA ZA KVALITETOM MAZIVA I SMJERNICE RAZVOJA DJELATNOSTI MAZIVA U

HRVATSKOJ

OEM’S QUALITY REQUIREMENTS IMPACT AND LUBRICANT BUSINESS

DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES IN CROATIA

Sa`etakU Republici Hrvatskoj je prisutan

relativno povoljan trend obnove voznog parka osobnih vozila, LGV i motocikla, me|utim komercijalna vozila i industrijski park se sporije obnavljaju. Ta ~injenica ima odre|eni utjecaj na brzinu prihva}anja tendencije promjene i uva|anja novih razina kvalitete maziva.

Ovaj rad daje kratki pregled klju~nih

AbstractRenovation trends of passenger car,

light commercial vehicle (till 3,5 t) and motorcycle parks is quit suitable, but renovation trends of other, commercial vehicle and specially industrial park is not appropriate. This fact has relative influence on acceptance speed of change trends and introduction of new specification and quality demands for

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

zahtjeva za kvalitetom maziva i srodnih proizvoda posebice onih koje diktiraju europski OEM-i, tj. originalni proizvo|a~i vozila, opreme za vozila i industrijske opreme i njihov mogu}i utjecaj na tr`i{te maziva u Hrvatskoj.

Tako|er je dana procjena promjene asortimana maziva po tipovima u zadnje tri godine kao primjer utjecaja novih specifikacija maziva.

Razmatran je utjecaj trendova u podru~ju kvalitete i primjene razli~itih klasa baznih ulja i o~ekivani trend primjene u modernim formulacijama maziva.

Na kraju je razmatran utjecaj i specifi~nosti okru`enja u djelatnosti maziva u Hrvatskoj s naglaskom na svjetske trendove.

Predo~ene smjernice mogu}eg razvoja tr`i{ta i djelatnosti maziva u Hrvatskoj su ponajprije zaklju~ci autora temeljem procijenjene brzine promjene i mogu}nosti tr`i{ta da prihvati europske trendove.

lubricants.This paper covers a short overview

about the key lubricant quality demands, specially European OEM’s demands and their impacts on Croatian market.

In addition is present the evaluation of lubricant assortment change by the types in last three years as example of new lubricant specifications impact.

The special emphasis is on impact of base oil quality trends and expected application trend in modern lubricant formulations.

At the end is taken into consideration influence and environment circumstances of lubricants business in Croatia base on world trends in this area.

The present guidelines of possible market development and lubricant business in Croatia are primary the conclusion of authors base on evaluation of change speed and possibility of market to accept the European trends.

Referat/Paper A/3M. PODOBNIK, J. BAMBI], M. OR[I],INA MAZIVA RIJEKA

UTJECAJ ACEA SPECIFIKACIJA NA RAZVOJ MOTORNIH ULJA

IMPACT OF ACEA SPECIFICATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR OILS

Sa`etakACEA (Association des Constructeurs

Europeens d'Automobiles) predstavlja udru`enje europskih proizvo|a~a vozila koje je 1991. g. naslijedilo prija{nji CCMC i preuzelo CCMC-ove specifikacije. Prve ACEA specifikacije za motorna ulja izdane su 1996. g. U razvoj ACEA specifikacija uklju~ena je industrija maziva kao i industrija aditiva kroz svoje organizacije ATIEL (Association Technique de l’Industries Europeenne des Lubrifiants) i ATC (Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers).

Specifikacije definiraju minimalnu kvalitetnu razinu motornih ulja za servisno punjenje benzinskih motora, lako optere}enih dizelovih motora i te{ko optere}enih dizelovih motora. Ozna~avanje kvalitetnih razina motornih ulja je slijede}e: Svaka klasa je ozna~ena slovom (A, B ili E) i podijeljena na vi{e kategorija koje su ozna~ene brojkom (1, 2, 3…). U dodatku se nalazi dvoznamenkasti broj, koji ozna~ava godinu uvo|enja kvalitetne razine.

Nakon 1996. godine ACEA je izdala

AbstractACEA (Association des Constructeurs

Europeens d’Automobiles) is the association of European vehicle manufacturers which inherited the former CCMC in 1991, taking over its specifications. The first ACEA motor oil specifications were issued in 1996. The development of ACEA specifications includes lubricant and additive industries, through their respective organizations ATIEL (Association Technique de l’Industries Europeenne des Lubrifiants) and ATC (Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers).

The specifications set the minimum motor oil quality level for the service fill of gasoline engines, light-duty diesel engines and heavy-duty diesel engines. The marking of motor oil quality levels is as follows: Each class is marked by a letter (A,B or E), and broken down into several categories marked by a number (1, 2, 3…). The extension holds a two-digit number indicating the year when the quality level was introduced.

After 1996, ACEA has issued new motor

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

nove specifikacije za motorna ulja 1998. i 1999.

Va`no je ista}i da za razliku od prija{njih CCMC specifikacija nove ACEA specifikacije predvi|aju i sustav za osiguranje kvalitete i udovoljavanja propisanim kriterijima. Svi rezultati motornih ispitivanja radnih karakteristika ulja moraju biti u skladu sa sustavom osiguranja kvalitete europskih motornih ulja EELQMS (European Engine Lubricants Quality Management System).

Sa stajali{ta prozvo|a~a motornih ulja, ACEA specifikacije su donijele zna~ajne promjene u razvoju motornih ulja time {to su strogo definirale postupke ispitivanja pri promjenama ili baznog ulja ili pobolj{iva~a indeksa viskoznosti u formulaciji motornog ulja.

oil specifications for 1998 and 1999.It is important to point out that – unlike

the earlier CCMC specifications, new ACEA specifications envisage also a system of quality assurance and meeting of the criteria set. All the results of testing motor oil performances must be in compliance with EELQMS (European Engine Lubricants Quality Management System).

From the viewpoint of motor oil manufacturers, the ACEA specifications have brought significant changes by strictly defining test procedures when changing either base oil or viscosity index improver in a motor oil formulation.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper B1F. NOVOTNY FARKAS1, W. BÖHME1, L. LEVY21OMV AG AUSTRIA; 2UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA

UTJECAJ OSTATKA RABLJENOG ULJA NA U^INKOVITOST SVJE@EG ULJA U

MOTORU

IMPACT OF USED OIL REST RATIO ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NEW

ENGINE OIL FILLINGS

Sa`etakCilj je ovoga rada ispitati pona{anje

vezano uz oksidacijsku stabilnost i njegove promjene razli~itih vrhunskih motornih ulja sa sadr`ajem razli~itih omjera ostatka rabljenog motornog ulja. U tu svrhu tri glavne vrste u potpunosti formuliranih komercijalnih proizvoda: mineralna, polusinteti~ka i u potpunosti sinteti~ka mineralna ulja podvrgnuta su oksidacijskim uvjetima uporabom standardne metode CEC-L-48-A-95 “Oksidacijska stabilnost mazivih ulja kori{tenih u automobilskim prijenosima izazvana umjetnim starenjem”.

AbstractThe work presented herein was aimed

to investigate the oxidation stability behaviour and changes of different state-of-art types of engine oils, containing various rest ratios of used engine oil. For this purposes, three main types of fully formulated commercial products, as mineral oil based, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic engine oils were subjected to oxidative conditions, adopting and employing the standard method CEC-L-48-A-95 “Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Ageing”.

Referat/Paper B2J. BAMBI], M. PODOBNIKINA MAZIVA RIJEKA

VRHUNSKO MOTORNO ULJE ZA DIZELOVE MOTORE GOSPODARSKIH

VOZILA

TOP TIER MOTOR OIL FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES’ DIESEL

ENGINES

Sa`etakMotorna ulja za dizelove motore

gospodarskih vozila predstavljaju posebnu grupu motornih ulja. Namijenjena su za podmazivanje dizelovih motora u kamionima, autobusima i poljoprivrednim strojevima. Usporedno s razvojem dizelovih motora, na koje su se postavljali zahtjevi ve}e pogonske sigurnosti motora, produljenog `ivotnog vijeka motora, manje potro{nje goriva, produljenog intervala zamjene ulja i bolje za{tite okoli{a razvijala su se i motorna ulja za njihovo podmazivanje.

Tijekom razvoja motorna ulja su morala zadovoljiti zahtjeve koje su pred njih postavljale me|unarodne klasifikacije/specifika-cije kao i specifikacije pojedinih proizvo|a~a motora odnosno vozila. Zahtjevi za kvalitetom motornih ulja su se ~esto mijenjali prema sve ve}oj kvaliteti.

Posljednjih godina najve}i utjecaj na razvoj motora, a time i motornih ulja, imale su europske norme o emisiji ispu{nih plinova motora vozila (Euro 2 & Euro 3), koje su prouzrokovale uvo|enje

AbstractMotor oils for the economic vehicles’

diesel engines constitute a special group of motor oils. They are intended for lubricating diesel engines in trucks, buses, and agricultural machinery. Parallel with the development of diesel engines – faced with the requirements of higher engine drive safety, prolonged engine service life, lower fuel consumption, and improved environmental protection, was the development of motor oils for their lubrication.

In their development, the motor oils had to meet the requirements set by international classifications/specifications, as well as specifications of individual engine i.e. vehicle manufacturers. Requirements regarding the quality of motor oils were often changing, aiming at achieving higher quality all the time.

Over the past few years, the greatest impact on the development of engines and hence also motor oils was that of the European specifications on vehicle

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

novih konstrukcija motora a time i kvalitetnijih motornih ulja.

U skladu s takvim trendom razvijeno je motorno ulje vrhunske kvalitete tzv. UHPD djelomi~no sinteti~ko motorno ulje, koje zadovoljava najstro`e europske i ameri~ke me|unarodne specifikacije (ACEA i API), specifikacije najpoznatijih proizvo|a~a motora i vozila (Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, MTU) uz interval zamjene ulja do 100000 prije|enih kilometara.

exhaust gases (Euro 2 & Euro 3), causing the introduction of new engine designs, and hence also better quality motor oils.

In keeping with such trends, a top quality motor oil has been developed: the so called UHPD partially synthetic motor oil, meeting the most stringent European and American international specifications (ACEA and API), and specifications of the best known engine and vehicle manufacturers (Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, MTU), with the oil fill interval of up to 100,000 kilometers covered.

Referat/Paper B3F.V. ZALAR, E.A. BARDASZ, L.A. WILLIAMS, G.A. POLLACKTHE LUBRIZOL CORPORATION

MOTORNA ULJA ZA GLOBALNO TR@I[TE: FORMULIRANJE GLOBALNE

TEHNOLOGIJE ADITIVA

HEAVY DUTY ENGINE LUBRICANTS FOR A GLOBAL MARKET:

FORMULATING A GLOBAL ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY

Sa`etakPropisi i zakoni kojima se u svjetskim

razmjerima smanjuje emisija u atmosferu poti~u proizvo|a~e motora na razvoj sli~nih motora. Ovaj razvoj pak poti~e razvoj motornog ulja za dizelove motore jednakih svojstava (1,2). U referatu je prikazan tijek rada na vi{egodi{njem projektu koji je definirao zajedni~ku svjetsku platformu za ocjenu kvalitete maziva, koje treba zadovoljiti globalne zahtjeve proizvo|a~a motora.

Opisan je razvoj aditiva potrebnih za zadovoljenje postavljenih globalnih zahtjeva kao i rezultati ispitivanja na motornim testovima sadr`anim u me|unarodno priznatim specifikacijama kvalitete i u eksploataciji u vozilima, koji su potvrdili sposobnost nove tehnologije. Dobiveni rezultati sugeriraju da ulje za globalnu uporabu mora imati sna`niju formulaciju od ulja koja su formulirana za zadovoljenje regionalnih zahtjeva.

AbstractRegulations reducing emissions

worldwide are the driving force behind the trend to similar diesel engine design strategies among manufacturers. This results in common engine lubricant performance and the need for a global performance platform for diesel engine lubricants (1,2). This paper chronicles a multi-year project that defined a diesel engine lubricant platform to meet global OEM requirements.

The design of the additive chemistry required to achieve the platform targets is described. Demonstration of the performance capabilities of the new technology in engine tests that constitute international specifications and field testing is also discussed. The results suggest that formulating a heavy duty diesel engine oil to meet a variety of worldwide lubricant requirements results in a more robust formulation, outperforming oils designed to meet only regional requirements.

Referat/Paper B4K. HEDRICH, G. RENNER, F. CAMERAROHMAX ADDITIVES GMBH, GERMANY

SLJEDE]A GENERACIJA MOTORNIH ULJA - NOVI ZAHTJEVI NA

POBOLJ[IVA^E INDEKSA VISKOZNOSTI

NEW CHALLENGES FOR VI IMPROVER FOR NEXT GENERATION ENGINE OILS

Sa`etakRad opisuje procjenu razli~itih

AbstractThe paper describes an evaluation of

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

pobolj{iva~a indeksa viskoznosti u pogledu kontrole ~a|e, reolo{kih svojstva ulja na niskim temperaturama i doprinosa u{tedi goriva, a proveden je u istra`iva~kom i razvojnom centru RohMax u Darmstadtu, Njema~ka.

Razvijeni su motorni testovi i provela su se ispitivanja karakteristika ulja u realnim radnim uvjetima. Odabrane su tri razli~ite formulacije ulja i ispitivane uz razli~ite pobolj{iva~e indeksa viskoznosti: 15W-40, mineralno motorno ulje za komercijalna vozila i 5W-30 potpuno sinteti~ko motorno ulje za osobna vozila. Izbor viskozitetne gradacije i DI - paketi, koji su se primijenili, tipi~ni su za ulja srednje Europe. Rezultati procjene ukazuju da pobolj{iva~i indeksa viskoznosti imaju zna~ajan utjecaj na tri ispitivane veli~ine. Formulatori ulja moraju uzeti u obzir kod razvoja sljede}e generacije motornih ulja doprinos pobolj{iva~a indeksa viskoznosti.

different VI-improvers in respect to soot control, used oil low temperature rheology and fuel economy contribution carried out at research and development centre of Rohmax in Darmstadt, Germany.

Engine tests were developed and carried to measure these oil performance parameters under realistic operation conditions. Three different oil formulation were set up and used for the variation of VI-improvers: 15W-40, mineral HDDO, 5W-30, psrt synthetic HDDO and OW-30, full synthetic PCMO. Viscosity adjustment and DI packages applied were typical for service fill oils of central Europe. The result of the evaluation gave, that VI-improvers have an impact of significance on all three performance parameters. Oil formulation can use the performance contribution of VI-improvers, when developing the next generation HDDO and PCMO.

Referat/Paper B5S. REID-PETERSEXXON MOBIL, EUROPEAN TECHNOLOY CENTRE

PODMAZIVANJE SUVREMENIH PLINSKIH MOTORA

THE LUBRICATION OF MODERN GAS ENGINES

Sa`etakZbog prednosti koje nude za{titi okoli{a

uporaba se plinskih motora brzo {iri, posebice tipova sa svje}icama. Kako bi se {to bolje iskoristile potencijalne prednosti, vrlo je va`no dobro razumjeti podmaziva~ke potrebe motora, kriterije za izbor odre|enih maziva te kako na mazivo utje~e odre|ena primjena.

U ovom se radu obra|uje podmazivanje plinskih motora i na~in na koji razli~iti plinovi i primjene motora utje~u na trajnost maziva. U ~lanku se tako|er govori kako odgovaraju}i nadzor uvjeta rada, posebice pri kori{tenju one~i{}enih plinova, produljuje `ivotni vijek motora i trajnost maziva.

AbstractWith major benefits to offer in an

environmentally conscious world, the use of the gas engine for power generation is increasing rapidly, particularly the spark ignited type. To maximise the potential benefits, it is important to have an understanding of the lubrication requirements of the engine, the criteria for selecting specific lubricants and how the lubricant can be affected by the application.

The paper will discuss the lubrication of gas engines and how different gases and applications can affect the lubricant life. The paper will also cover how the use of appropriate condition monitoring, particularly where contaminated gas is used, can extend engine and lubricant life.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper C1M. BRI[KI, M. OR[I]INA MAZIVA RIJEKA

ZNA^AJ ANALIZE MAZIVA IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICANT ANALYSIS

Sa`etakPoznavanje analiti~kih podataka

maziva podloga je na osnovi koje se donose odluke u razvoju, proizvodnji i primjeni maziva. Ispitivanja po kojima se odre|uju fizikalno-kemijska svojstva maziva navedena su u specifikacijama, a provode se klasi~nim metodama i raznim instrumentalnim tehnikama.

Prednost instrumentalnih tehnika je u maloj koli~ini uzorka, brzoj analizi, ali zahtijeva posebno educirano osoblje. Na temelju rezultata analize maziva iz eksploatacije mo`e se utvrditi tzv. “trend analize”, te na osnovi toga predlo`iti optimalan interval zamjene ulja kao i predvidjeti odre|ene akcije u odr`avanju tro{ila.

U radu je na primjerima prikazan zna~aj analize maziva u razvoju, procesu proizvodnje i primjeni maziva.

AbstractTo know analytical properties of

lubricants is the base to make a decision on development, production and application of lubricants. The lubricant classifications and approved system specify many performance characteristics and analytical tests. The analytical tests are classical and instrumental.

Instrumental technics have the advantages in small quality of samples, rapid analyse, but they need specially adequate operator. Analyes from used oil sample should always be compared with privious samples and final conclusions should be based on ’trend analysis’ and has two closely related objectives: to obtain information on the lubricant – drain intervals and preventive maintenance of the machine.

The paper presents the importance of lubricating analysis in development, production and application.

Referat/Paper C2D. MAYER1, F. NOVOTNY FARKAS2, W. BÖHME21OMV ISTRABENZ UMAG, 2OMV AUSTRIA

NAPREDNE LABORATORIJSKE TEHNIKE ZA ANALIZU RABLJENOG ULJA I

PRA]ENJE STANJA INDUSTRIJSKIH MAZIVA

ADVANCED LABORATORY TECHNIQUES FOR USED OIL ANALYSIS

AND CONDITION MONITORING OF INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS

Sa`etakLaboratorijska istra`ivanja su

provedena u cilju moderniziranja i unapre|enja pra}enja razli~itih tipova industrijskih maziva. Infracrvena spektroskopija s furierovom transformacijom (The Furier transform infrared - FTIR) nudi mnoge prednosti kao pouzdana metoda analize i kompleksan alat, te zamjenjuje razne tradicionalne metode analize.

Kada je odabrani uzorak referentnog svje`eg ulja kori{ten za usporedbu diferencijalnom infracrvenom spektroskopijom, dobile su se tra`ene informacije o opsegu razgradnje i zaga|enja kori{tenog ulja.

AbstractLaboratory investigation were carried

out to modernise and up-date the condition monitoring of different type of industrial lubricants. The Furier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy offers many advantages as reliable method and a complex tool that has become increasingly role in replacing several traditional methods of lubricant analysis.

When sample of reference fresh oil is available for comparison differential infrared spectroscopy can be used to obtain consistent information on the extent of oil degradation or contamination of used oil.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper C3B. NOVINA, B. TOMRLININA MAZIVA ZAGREB

PRA]ENJE RADNIH SVOJSTAVA MAZIVA U PRIMJENI

MONITORING LUBRICANT PERFORMANCE IN FIELD APPLICATION

Sa`etakPra}enje radnih svojstava maziva u

primjeni ima vi{estruki zna~aj, i za korisnika i za proizvo|a~a maziva. Za korisnika je to najprije produljena i pravovremena izmjena maziva, {to ~ini tro{kove odr`avanja ni`im. Za proizvo|a~a maziva predstavlja stvaranje partnerskih odnosa s potro{a~em, ali i mogu}nost prikupljanja informacija o pona{anju vlastitih proizvoda kao podloge za daljnje unapre|enje i razvoj proizvoda.

Rad prikazuje neke od rezultata pra}enja radnih svojstava maziva u primjeni dobivenih u laboratorijima INA Maziva Zagreb.

AbstractMonitoring the performance of

lubricants in application has multiple significance for both the consumer and the lubricant manufacturer. The primary significance for the consumer is extended life and timely change of lubricants, which keeps the costs of maintenance down. The lubricant manufacturer gains by creating a partner relationship with the consumer, as well as creating the possibility of gathering information about the performance of his product which will serve as the foundation for the further improvement and development of his product.

The paper shows the results of the monitoring of the work performance of lubricants in application obtained at the laboratories of INA Maziva Zagreb.

Referat/Paper C4W.M. KLEISER, W. van DAM, S. HIRANOCHEVRON ORONITE

BUDU]NOST MAZIVA ZA DIZELOVE MOTORE ZA MOTORE NISKE EMISIJE

THE FUTURE OF DIESEL ENGINE LUBRICANTS FOR LOW EMISSION

ENGINES

Sa`etakU proteklom desetlje}u rastu}i zahtjevi

vezani uz emisiju ispu{nih plinova za cestovna dizelova vozila bili su primarnim pokreta~em razvoja maziva za dizelove motore. Veliki dio tehnologije proizvodnje maziva bio je usmjeren ka tehnologiji kontrole ~a|e radi pove}anog optere}enja motornih ulja ~a|om uzrokovanog strategijama kontrole emisije.

Promjene u regulacijama emisije za cestovne dizelove motore u proteklom desetlje}u doimlju se razmjerno skromnima u usporedbi s onima koje se o~ekuju u narednom desetlje}u. Strogi zahtjevi emisije koji se odnose na motore te{kih cestovnih vozila uvode se u Europi, Japanu i SAD-u. U razdoblju do 2007. velika smanjenja emisije NOx i ~estica u~init }e nu`nim zna~ajne promjene u konstrukciji motora, kao i kori{tenje sustava za naknadnu obradbu ispu{nih

AbstractOver the past decade increasing

exhaust emission requirements for on-road diesel engines have been a primary driving force for the development diesel engine lubricants. Much of the lubricant technology focus has been on improved soot management technology due to the increased engine oil soot loading caused by emission control strategies.

The changes in emission regulations for on-road diesel engines over the past decade appear relatively modest when compared to the changes anticipated in the coming decade. Strict emission requirements for on road heavy-duty engines are being enacted in Europe, Japan, and the USA. By 2007, major reductions in NOx and particulate emissions will force significant engine design changes and the use of exhaust after-treatment systems in all of these markets. After treatment systems have

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

plinova na svim navedenim tr`i{tima. Pokazalo se kako su sustavi za naknadnu obradbu osjetljivi na sastav i dizelskog goriva i maziva. Zato se predla`u smanjenja koli~ine sumpora u gorivu. Puni utjecaj sastava maziva na te sustave jo{ nije u potpunosti dokumentiran. Me|utim, ~ini se kako pojedini vidovi postoje}ih maziva mogu utjecati na `ivotni vijek sustava za naknadnu obradbu. To }e donijeti nov poticaj formulaciji maziva za navedene motore.

Studija razmatra navedene promjene, te na~in na koji one mogu utjecati na formulaciju maziva, kao i neke od posljedica koje iz toga proizlaze. Razmatra utjecaje koji }e biti potaknuti uklju~ivanjem recirkulacije ispu{nih plinova EGR, te nastavlja s mogu}im utjecajima hvata~a ~estica i katalizatora. Prikazuje kako bi se formulacije maziva za motore s kontrolom emisije mogle zna~ajno promijeniti u idu}ih pet do sedam godina.

been shown to have sensitivity to the composition of both the diesel fuel and lubricants. As a result, significant reductions in fuel sulfur are being proposed. The full impact of lubricant composition on these devices is not fully documented. However it appears that certain aspects of current lubricants may impact the life of after-treatment systems. This will add new driving forces for the formulation of lubricants for these engines.

This study discusses these changes and how they may impact lubricant formulation and some of the resulting consequences. It discusses on the impacts that will be first driven by the incorporation of EGR and follows with the potential impacts resulting from particulate traps and catalysts. It shows that lubricant formulations for emission controlled engines may change significantly over the next five to seven years.

Referat/Paper C5G. MARI], V. IVU[I]FAK. STROJARSTVA I BRODOGRADNJE, ZAGREB

PRA]ENJE TRO[ENJA ^ETVEROTAKTNOG MOTORA

ANALIZOM ULJA

MONITORING OF FOUR-STROKE ENGINE WEAR BY OIL ANALYSES

Sa`etakPotreba za smanjenjem tro{kova

odr`avanja i zastoja u radu opreme razvila je ~itav niz strategija i metoda odr`avanja. Strategija odr`avanja po stanju, koja zahtijeva stalno pra}enje i uvid u stanje opreme, uvjetovala je razvoj i primjenu analize ulja. Ovakva analiza osim stanja maziva daje sliku stanja opreme tijekom cijelog procesa kori{tenja bez nepotrebnih gubitaka kroz zaustavljanje opreme.

U ovome radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja motornog ulja SAE 30 tijekom primjene u ~etverotaktnom motoru INTEK 190 OHV s ciljem pra}enja stanja motora. Svojstva ulja odre|ivana su fizikalno kemijskim metodama i ferografijom. Mjerenjem istro{enja motora dana je ocjena mogu}nosti pra}enja stanja analizom ulja.

AbstractA need for maintenance cost decrease

and avoid stoppages in exploitation of equipment has developed a numerous of strategies and methods for machinery maintenance. The maintenance strategy by condition, that requires continuously monitoring and equipment overlook, has initiated the development and use of oil analysis. This oil analyses shows oil condition and also equipment condition during application time without losses because of stoppages.

In this work are presented the results of SAE 30 motor oil examination during application in four-stroke engine INTEK 190 OHV in due to evaluate possibilities of motor condition monitoring by oil analyses. Oil properties are determined by physical chemical and ferografic methods. By measure of motor wear it is shown possibility of condition monitoring by oil analyses.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper C6F. NOVOTNY FARKAS1, W. BÖHME1, H. STABINGER2, W. BELITSCH21OMV AUSTRIA, 2LAB. F. MESSTECHNIK GRAZ

STABINGER VISKOZIMETAR – NOVI JEDINSTVENI INSTRUMENT ZA

SERVISNE LABORATORIJE

THE STABINGER VISCOMETER – A UNIQUE NEW INSTRUMENT FOR OIL

SERVICE LABORATORIES

Sa`etakJedinstven novi viskozimetar razvijen je

na temelju na~ela male rotiraju}e mjerne cijevi ispunjene uljem unutar kojeg pluta valjkasto magnetsko tijelo. Ovaj instrument istovremeno mjeri kinemati~ku viskoznost, dinami~ku viskoznost, gusto}u i temperaturu. Ovaj je novi viskozimetar ispitan i uspore|en s uvrije`eno kori{tenim sredstvima u ovla{tenom uljnom laboratoriju, te njegova to~nost odgovara specifikaciji ASTM D 445. Zahvaljuju}i lakom rukovanju, te visokom stupnju to~nosti i u~inkovitosti ovaj instrument predstavlja va`an dio opreme laboratorija za servisiranje ulja.

AbstractA unique new viscometer has been

developed based on the principle of a small rotating measuring tube filled with oil inside which a cylindrical magnetic body floats. The instrument measures kinematic viscosity, dynamic viscosity, density and temperature simultaneously. This new viscometer has been tested and compared to traditionally used devices in an accredited oil laboratory and its precision conforms to ASTM D 445. Its easy handling, high accuracy and efficiency make this instrument an important tool for oil service laboratories.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper D1R. MANDAKOVI]INA ZAGREB, VELEPRODAJA MAZIVA

GLAVNI POMACI U RAZVOJU SPECIFIKACIJA I ZAHTJEVA ZA

KVALITETOM ZUP^ANI^KIH ULJA ZA VOZILA U EUROPI

A MAJOR SHIFT IN AUTOMOTIVE GEAR OIL REQUIREMENTS AND

SPECIFICATIONS IN EUROPE

Sa`etakKako europski proizvo|a~i zup~ani~kih

prijenosnika i vozila proizvode savr{enije konstrukcije, sve je o~itiji njihov dominiraju}i utjecaj na razvoj najstro`ih specifikacija zup~ani~kih ulja za vozila.

Isti~u se sljede}i zahtjevi europskih proizvo|a~a u odnosu na ameri~ke proizvo|a~e:

O{triji zahtjevi za pouzdanim radom sinkronizacije mjenja~a.

Stati~ko i dinami~ko ispitivanje brtvila.

Bolja za{tita od tro{enja i ~vrsto}a mazivog sloja na modificiranom FZG testu.

Pitting test tako|er na FZG ure|aju. Smi~na stabilnost ulja na VW ure|

aju sa sto`astim valjkastim le`ajem.

Ispitivanje otpornosti na oksidaciju i visokotemperaturnu koroziju (150oC).

Produ`eni interval zamjene ulja.Najve}i utjecaj na razvoj zup~ani~kih

ulja imaju trvtke ZF, MAN, MB a poslije njih VW, VOLVO i SCANIA. U ovom radu dat je kratki pregled zahtjeva iz novih specifikacija navedenih tvrtki.

Posebna pa`nja data je trendovima u pogledu zahtjeva za produ`enjem intervala zamjene ulja.

AbstractAs a European OEM’s, gear

Manufacturer and vehicle Producers, produce more complex and sophisticated transmission, it is more and more obvious own predominance influence on development of European and world gear strongest gear oil specifications.

It is emphasizes the following European OEM requirements regarding American OEM requirements:

Reliable operating of synchroniser unit demands

Static & Dynamic seal performance

Better wear protection and EP Performance (FZG test)

Pitting and Micropitting Test (FZG test)

VW Shear Stability Test High Temperature Corrosion &

Oxidation Performance (150oC) Extended Drain interval

The most significant impact on automotive gear oil development has ZF, MAN and MAN, and after that VW, VOLVO and SCANIA. The paper describes short overview of the newest requirements and specification mentioned OEM.

The special emphasis is on trends and demands for increased oil change intervals.

Referat/Paper D2M. PICEK, K. NAHALINA MAZIVA ZAGREB

ZAHTJEVI KVALITETE I PRIMJENA MAZIVA ZA PREHRAMBENU

INDUSTRIJU

QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND FIELD EXPERIENCE WITH FOOD GRADE

LUBRICANTS

Sa`etakPrehrambena industrija, uklju~uju}i i

proizvo|a~e pi}a, pove}ava pritisak na proizvo|a~e maziva zahtijevaju}i odgovaraju}a maziva za strojeve i opremu u procesu proizvodnje prehrambenih proizvoda.

Takva maziva moraju zadovoljiti stroge

AbstractThe food and beverage industry

increase the pressure to lubricant industry demanding suitable lubricants for the food processing machines.

These lubricants have to fulfil high hygiene and health standards on one hand and all technical requirements on

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

kriterije higijenskih i zdravstvenih standarda s jedne strane, te sve primjenske tehni~ke zahtjeve s druge strane.

Kriti~na mjesta primjene su ona gdje postoji opasnost da mazivo do|e u kontakt s hranom i ona moraju biti jasno definirana.

U prehrambenoj industriji koriste se razli~ite vrste mazivih ulja i masti za podmazivanje kompresora, zup~anika, le`aja, hidrauli~kih sustava, kliznih staza, homogenizirki, traka, lanaca, itd. Iako oprema koja se koristi u prehrambenoj industriji nije bitno druk~ija od opreme u drugim industrijama, okoli{ u kojoj se nalazi bitno je druk~iji. Vrlo je ~esto prisutno ispiranje vodom ili parom, mogu}a su zaga|enja agresivnim kemikalijama iz sokova, vo}a, mlijeka, prisutne su ekstremno visoke i ekstremno niske temperature kod pojedinih procesa. Prema tome, maziva koja se koriste u prehrambenoj industriji moraju osim zadovoljavanja svoje osnovne namjene podmazivanja, odvo|enja topline, za{tite od tro{enja i korozije zadovoljiti, ovisno o mjestu primjene, i dodatne zahtjeve otpornosti na vodu, paru i kemikalije, neutralnost okusa i mirisa i ne{tetnost za zdravlje.

Sirovine koje proizvo|a~i prehrambenih maziva mogu koristiti su ograni~ene po vrsti, a jedan dio, posebno aditiva i ugu{}iva~a i po koli~ini. Kod izbora sirovina proizvo|a~i maziva moraju po{tivati FDA pozitivnu listu komponenata ili osigurati sva potrebna toksikolo{ka ispitivanja za sirovine koje nisu na toj listi, izbjegavati kori{tenje komponenata s USDA negativne liste, posebno za maziva koja mogu do}i u kontakt s hranom (USDA H1 maziva). Odgovornost proizvo|a~a prehrambenih proizvoda jest da identificiraju kriti~na mjesta primjene i za ta mjesta koriste tehni~ki i ekotoksikolo{ki odgovaraju}a maziva.

Odgovornost, ali i izazov za proizvo|a~e maziva je da tr`i{tu ponude kvalitetna maziva bez {tetnog utjecaja na zdravlje ljudi, te da o tome osiguraju dokaze certifikacijskim ili sli~nim me|unarodno prihva}enim postupcima.

the other hand.Critical application points which should

be clearly identify are those where a danger of incidental food contact exist.

In the food industry different types of lubricating oils and greases are used for lubrication of compressors, gears, bearings, hydraulic systems, slideways, homogenisers, chains etc. Although the equipment of the food industry is not significantly different to other industries, the environment is most different. Washing down with water or steam, contamination with aggressive substances from juice, fruit, milk, extreme high and low temperatures are widespread. According to that, food grade lubricants have to fulfil their original assignment of lubrication, dissipate heat, wear and corrosion protection, as well as, depending of application conditions, additional requirements such as water, steam and chemical resistant, neutral taste and odour, and health harmless.

Raw materials that could be used in food grade lubricants are limited by type and very often by quantity, specially additives and thickeners. When choosing proper raw materials, lubricant producers have to follow FDA positive list of components or assure all toxicological testing for those components which are not on that List and exclude components from USDA negative list, specially for lubricants with a possibility of incidental food contact (USDA H1 lubricants).

The responsibility of food industry is to apply technically and environmentally suitable lubricants for critical application points.

Responsibility, but also a challenge of lubricant producers is to produce high performance lubricants without damaging people's health and to assure approvals for that according certification or other widely acceptable procedures.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper D3B. NOVINAINA MAZIVA ZAGREB

POTREBE I MOGU]NOSTI CERTIFIKACIJE MAZIVA ZA

PREHRAMBENU INDUSTRIJU

NECESSITY AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF FOOD GRADE

LUBRICANTS

Sa`etakPorastom svijesti potro{a~a

prehrambenih proizvoda ja~a zahtjev za stvaranje stro`eg zakonodavstva i vi{ih higijenskih standarda proizvodnje prehrambenih proizvoda. Odgovornost u procesu proizvodnje hrane mora preuzeti sam proizvo|a~, ali dio odgovornosti je i na proizvo|a~u maziva ~ija maziva ne smiju {tetiti ljudskom zdravlju kada do|e do tehni~ki neizbje`nog kontakta s prehrambenim proizvodom.

U tom procesu potreban je i autoritet institucija koje }e davati ne samo smjernice razvoja maziva nego i kao tre}a strana provoditi odobravanje i izdavanje uvjerenja o podobnosti maziva za primjenu u prehrambenoj industriji.

Rad daje pregled trenuta~nih inicijativa kao i mogu}nosti na podru~ju certificiranja maziva za prehrambenu industriju.

AbstractGrowing consumer awareness of food

products strengthens the demand for the creation of stricter legislation and higher hygienic standards for the manufacture of food products. Responsibility in the food production process must be taken by manufacturer himself, but partial responsibility lies with the lubricant manufacturer, whose lubricants must not be harmful to humans when their lubricant inevitably comes into contact with the food product.

An organizational or institutional authority is necessary in the process, i.e. someone who will not only set the direction of development of lubricants but also be a third party who will also authorize the use of lubricants in the food industry.

The paper offers a review of the current initiatives and possibilities in the field of certifying lubricants for the food industry.

Referat/Paper D4R. MANDAKOVI]INA ZAGREB, VELEPRODAJA MAZIVA

GLAVNI POMACI U ZAHTJEVIMA ZA KVALITETOM I SPECIFIKACIJAMA ZA

ATF ULJA

A MAJOR SHIFT IN ATF REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Sa`etakRazvoj ATF ulja pod utjecajem je

sljede}ih pokreta~kih motiva: Razvoj novih konstrukcija

automatskih prijenosnika. Razli~iti specifi~ni zahtjevi vode}ih

europskih ili ameri~kih konstruktora automatskih prijenosnika.

Zahtjevi za du`im intervalom zamjene ATF ulja.

Nove specifikacije i zahtjevi za kvalitetom proizvo|a~a automatskih prijenosnika i vozila.

U radu su prikazani najnoviji zahtjevi i trendovi za ATF ulja kroz va`e}e specifikacije renomiranih proizvo|a~a automatskih transmisija. Dat je i prikaz razvoja pojedinih specifikacija te utjecaj pojedinih specifikacija na ostale

AbstractThe following development incentives

influence ATF: New development of automatic

transmission. Specific and different requirements

leading European and American OEM’s.

Increased oil change demands. New OEM’s specifications and

quality demands.The paper describes the newest ATF

requirements and trends. It is present short review of developments and history, influence and difference of the leader OEMs.

The special emphasis is on trends and demands for increased oil change intervals.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

konstruktore.Posebna pa`nja dana je trendu

produ`enja intervala zamjene i usporedbe izme|u pojedinih utjecajnih specifikacija.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper E1J. VR@INA1, V. SCHIESL1, @. PAVLI]1, M. [ATEVA21ZAVOD ZA JAVNO ZDRAVSTVO GRADA ZAGREBA, 2IVASIM, IVANI] GRAD

INHERENTNA BIOLO[KA RAZGRADNJA VODOOTPORNIH MAZIVIH ULJA I

MASTI

INHERENT BIODEGRADABILITY OF WATER RESISTANT LUBRICATING OILS

AND GREASES

Sa`etakU slijedu odre|ivanja biolo{ke

razgradnje vodootpornih maziva, metodom u kojoj se odre|uje nastali uglji~ni dioksid, nastavljena su ispitivanja prema internacionalnom standardu ISO 14593 CO2 headspace test i CONCAWE metoda za procjenu inherentne biolo{ke razgradnje uljnih proizvoda.

CONCAWE metoda inherentne biolo{ke razgradnje je modifikacija ISO 14593, koja omogu}uje dobivanje informacija o potencijalnoj (inherentnoj) biolo{koj razgradnji, ina~e nerazgradljivih tvari i njihovoj ipak ekolo{koj prihvatljivosti. Modifikacija metode ISO 14593 sastoji se u primjeni preeksponiranog cjepiva na ispitivanu tvar i produljenom vremenu trajanja pokusa biolo{ke razgradnje.

U radu su predmet ispitivanja maziva te{ko topljiva u vodi, na osnovi sinteti~og estera ili biljnog ulja razli~ito ugu{}ena s litij-sapunom ili alumosilikatom.

Prema dobivenim rezultatima ispitivanja metodom inherentne razgradnje, ova ina~e biolo{ki razgradljiva maziva pokazala su ve}i postotak razgradnje samo u vremenski produljenom testu.

AbstractIn the process of establishing the

biodegradability of water resistant greases by using the method applied to assess the resulting carbon dioxide, the analysis were proceeded according to the international norm ISO 14593 CO2 headspace test and the CONCAWE test method to assess the inherent biodegradability of oil products.

The CONCAWE method of inherent biodegradability is a modified ISO 14593, which is used to obtain information on potential (inherent) biodegradability of otherwise non degradable substances and hence of their potential ecological acceptability. The modified ISO 14593 method consists in the pre-exposed inoculum applied to the test substance and the extended time of biodegradability test.

The paper deals with an analysis of water insoluble greases on synthetic ester or vegetable oil basis, thickened either with a lithium soap or aluminium silicate.

Based on the results achieved by inherent biodegradability method, these otherwise biodegradable greases demonstrated a higher percentage of degradability only during an extended time test.

Referat/Paper E2B. KRI@AN, J. VI@INTINUNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI-CTTD, SLOVENIJA

RAZVOJ BIOLO[KI RAZGRADLJIVOG UNIVERZALNOG TRAKTORSKOG

TRANSMISIJSKOG ULJA

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW BIODEGRADABLE UNIVERSAL TRACTOR TRANSMISSION OIL

Sa`etakUniverzalno traktorsko transmisijsko

ulje (UTTO) je vi{enamjensko traktorsko ulje namijenjeno podmazivanju transmisije, kona~nih pogona, diferencijala, mokrih ko~nica te hidrauli~kog sustava uz uporabu zajedni~kog uljnog spremnika. U predlo`enom radu opisan je razvoj i ispitivanje biorazgradljivog UTTO ulja

AbstractUniversal Tractor Transmission Oil

(UTTO) is a multi-functional tractor oil formulated for use in transmissions, final drives, differentials, wet brakes and hydraulic systems of tractors employing a common oil reservoir. In the present work the development of biodegradable vegetable based UTTO oil is described. The properties of two rapeseed and two

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

biljnog porijekla. Svojstva ulja na osnovi uljne repice i visoko oleinskog suncokretovog ulja uspore|ena su ispitivanjem na standardnim spravama sa svojstvima komercijalno dostupnih mineralnih UTTO ulja i sinteti~kih estera.

Na po~etku rada su utvr|ena fizikalno-kemijska svojstva ulja. Tribolo{ka svojstva ispitivana su na visoko frekvencijskoj spravi SRV, aparatu sa ~etiri kuglice i na zup~ani~kom ispitnom stolu FZG. Za simulaciju realnih radnh parametara u traktorskom hidrauli~kom sustavu upotrijebljena su ispitivanja na modelnom hidrauli~kom sustavu. Rezultati predlo`enog rada pokazuju da je nemogu}e formulirati mazivo ulje UTTO biljnog porijekla s mehani~kim svojstvima usporedivim s mineralnim UTTO uljima.

high oleic sunflower based oils were investigated in the standard test procedures in comparison with the commercially available mineral UTTO oils and fast biodegradable synthetic esters.

At first stage, the physical and chemical properties of oils were determined. Tribological performances of the fluids were demonstrated by using SRV high frequency test device, four ball test rig and FZG spur gear test. Through simulating real working parameters in a tractor hydraulic system, a model hydraulic system is used. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to formulate the vegetable base UTTO oil with mechanical properties comparable to the mineral UTTO oils.

Referat/Paper E3I.K. FRASER, R.A. GRILL, A.M. JONESLUBRIZOL METALWORKING ADDITIVE COMPANY

RAZVOJ I ISPITIVANJE SINTETI^KIH TEKU]INA NAJVI[E KVALITETE ZA OBRADBU METALA BRU[ENJEM

THE DESIGN AND TESTING A HIGH PERFORMANCE RANGE OF SYNTHETIC

GRINDING FLUIDS

Sa`etakRad prikazuje glavne zna~ajke

kvalitete, koje mora imati sinteti~ka teku}ina za obradbu metala bru{enjem, koja mo`e zadovoljiti dana{nje zahtjevno tr`i{te. Autori opisuju nove proizvode Lubrizola i njihove prednosti pokazane op{irnim laboratorijskim ispitivanjima, koja su provedena s ciljem identifikacije visokou~inkovitog sredstva za bru{enje s malom tendencijom lu`enja kobalta.

AbstractThe paper will review the essential

performance characteristics that must be exhibited by High Performance Synthetic Grinding Fluids in order that they be successful in today's demanding Metalworking market. The paper will outline the current range of Fluids from the Lubrizol Metalworking Additive Company range, how they can be differentiated from a performance stand point and how detailed laboratory investigations led to the identification of an effective High Performance Grinding Fluid with low Cobalt leaching tendency.

Referat/Paper E4LJ. PEDI[I]1, S. PEC2, M. [ARI]1, B. SERNC31INA MAZIVA ZAGREB, 2PALFINGER MARIBOR, 3INTERINA LJUBLJANA

PRODULJENJE RADNOG VIJEKA EMULZIJA ZA OBRADBU METALA PREVENTIVNIM ODR@AVANJEM

EXTENDING METALWORKING EMULSIONS WORKING LIFE BY

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Sa`etakTijekom procesa obradbe metala

odvajanjem ~estica teku}ina za hla|enje i podmazivanje izlo`ena je kontinuiranom zaga|enju. To su najprije ~estice metala i alata a zatim “strano” ulje (s kliznih

AbstractDuring metalworking operations

metalworking fluids are exposed to constantly impurities inflow. First of all that are metal and tool particles and “tramp” oil (bed ban, hydraulic,

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

staza, hidrauli~ka ulja, za{titna ulja i dr.). Razvoj mikroorganizama i kakvo}a vode za spravljanje emulzija uzrokuje dodatne probleme. Zaga|enja znatno skra}uju radni vijek emulzije, pove}avaju materijalne tro{kove, tro{kove rje{avanja otpada a uzrokuju i zastoj u proizvodnji. Stoga ih valja ukloniti odr`avanjem: korektivnim, prediktivnim ili preventivnim zahvatima. Izbor sustava opskrbljivanja obradbenih strojeva teku}inom je bitan za produ`enje radnog vijeka emulzije. U strojevima s centralnim sustavom u odnosu na individualni sustav radni vijek emulzije pribli`no je dvostruk i to bez posebne njege. Radni vijek emulzije mo`e se produ`iti ugradnjom elemenata, primjerice, zaslona, centrifuga, separatora, filtara, skimera i sl.

Proizvo|a~i maziva imaju zna~ajnu ulogu u produljenju radnog vijeka teku}ine. To je ponajprije proizvodnja teku}ina sa {to boljom stabilno{}u, zatim davanje preporuka za izbor teku}ine s ve}om biostabilno{}u, ~i{}enje sustava, njegu emulzije tijekom primjene, njegu ljudi, strojeva i pogona. Produ`enjem radnog vijeka teku}ina za hla|enje i podmazivanje pove}ava se produktivnost, {titi okoli{ i kona~no pobolj{ava ukupno gospodarenje teku}inama.

U radu su prikazani rezultati primjene strojeva za preventivno odr`avanje radnih emulzija. Rezultati ispitivanja svojstava radne emulzije pokazuju da se zaga|enja uspje{no mogu ukloniti uz produ`enje radnog vijeka emulzije.

anticorrosion oils). Microorganisms’ growth and water quality for emulsions mixing cause additional problems. Impurities cause shortening of emulsion working life, increase material costs, disposal costs and also cause stoppage in production. So they should be eliminated by same of maintenance method: corrective, predictive or preventive intervention. Selection of metalworking fluid feeding system is very important in extending its working life. In central systems working life is double as in individual systems without additional care. Working life can extend by implementation equipment as walls, centrifuges, separators, filters, skimmers and others.

Lubricant producers have important part in extending emulsion’s working life. Primarily that is production of fluids with high stability. After that are recommendations for fluid selection with highest biostability, for system cleaning, care of working emulsion during application, workers, machines and also working place. By extending metalworking fluid’s working life productivity is increased, protect environment and improve total fluid management.

In this paper are presented the results of application machines in preventive maintenance of working emulsion. The examination results of working emulsions properties show that impurities can successfully be eliminated with emulsion working life extending.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper F1P. LULI], V. BRAJ^I]INA ZAGREB, SSRI

ULOGA MARKETINGA PRI TRANSFERU TEHNOLOGIJE U NAFTNOJ INDUSTRIJI

ROLE OF MARKETING IN OIL INDUSTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Sa`etakJedan od najve}ih izazova marketing

planiranja je razvijanje ideje o novim tehnologijama i njihovo uspje{no lansiranje. Pri postoje}im uvjetima konkurencije velik rizik snose one kompanije koje razvijaju vlastite tehnologije i proizvode te se za odre|eno vrijeme na|u u situaciji da potra`nja za njihovim proizvodom na tr`i{tu pada. Pojavom novih tehnologija i proizvo|a~a ja~a konkurencija {to utje~e na skra}enje `ivotnog ciklusa postoje}ih tehnologija i proizvoda i mijenja stajali{ta kupaca u odnosu na njihove potrebe i `elje.

Stoga je potrebno provesti razli~ite oblike istra`ivanja i razvoja koje treba promatrati kao osnovne poluge kojima poduze}e mo`e realizirati svoj program razvoja i rasta u skladu s razvojnim koncepcijama i potrebama tr`i{ta.

Iz toga proizlazi da je podru~je planiranja istra`ivanja i razvoja centralno mjesto poduze}a i marketin{ki gledano predstavlja sredi{te iz kojeg ostala podru~ja djelatnosti dobivaju odre|ene impulse upravo u skaldu sa zadacima koji se realiziraju planiranjem istra`ivanja i razvoja inovacija.

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges to

marketing planning is development of the idea on new technologies and their successful launching. In the existing competitive circumstances, a great risk will be born by those companies that develop their own technologies and products, so after some time they may find themselves in a situation where demand for their product on the market gets decreased. By appearance of new technologies and products competition strengthens, which affects the shortening of the existing technologies and product life cycles and changes customers’ views in respect of their needs and wishes.

This is the reason why there should be carried out various forms of research and development which are to be considered as basic level by means of which the company can implement its programme of development and growth in compliance with development concepts and market requirements.

Thus, the area of R&D planning holds a central position on the company, and from the market aspect it represents a centre from which other areas of activity receive certain impulses exactly in accordance with the tasks to be implemented by planning the research a development and innovations.

Referat/Paper F2I. LEBINEC, V. ZUB^I], S. [VEL-CEROVE^KIINA ZAGREB, SSRI

ANALIZA NEPREDVI\ENIH ISPU[TANJA OPASNIH I/ILI [TETNIH TVARI U OKOLI[

U INI

ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASES OF HAZARDOUS AND/OR HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN THE ENVIRONMENT

AT INA

Sa`etakU INA-Industriji nafte od 1. sije~nja

1999. godine primjenjuje se Interna norma o obvezatnom izvje{}ivanju pri ispu{tanju opasnih i/ili {tetnih tvari u okoli{, kojom su propisani na~ini izvje{}ivanja pri akcidentnim ispu{tanjima u okoli{. Neposredno nakon nastanka doga|aja dostavlja se `urno

AbstractSince January 1, 1999 INA has been

applying the Internal Standard on Obligatory Reporting in Case of Hazardous and/or Harmful Substances Emission in the Environment, which prescribes the methods of reporting the accidental emissions into environment. Immediately after such an occurrence i.e.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

izvje{}e, koje sadr`i kratki pregled nepredvi|enog doga|aja. Nakon {to je doga|aj istra`en i posljedice sanirane, Slu`bi za{tite okoli{a Sektora strate{kog razvoja, istra`ivanja i investicija dostavlja se kona~no izvje{}e.

Normom su definirani kriteriji za obvezu dostavljanja kona~nog izvje{}a, a odnose se na vrstu i koli~inu ispu{tene opasne i/ili {tetne tvari te tro{kove sanacije posljedica akcidenta.

Kona~no izvje{}e, izme|u ostalog, sadr`i informacije o vrsti, koli~ini i svojstvima tvari ispu{tene u okoli{, poduzetim mjerama, posljedicama nezgode, postupcima sanacije, tro{kovima sanacije i eventualnih kazni, reakciji javnosti i medija na akcident te prijedlog korektivnih i preventivnih mjera, uz procjenu tro{kova.

Na osnovi dostavljenih izvje{}a, u Slu`bi za{tite okoli{a INA-SSRII analizirani su nepredvi|eni doga|aji s utjecajem na okoli{ u 1999. i 2000. godini, njihovi uzroci i posljedice te predlo`ene korektivne i preventivne mjere.

U 1999. godini u INI je, prema `urnim izvje{}ima, registrirano 97 nepredvi|enih doga|aja, a u 2000. godini 168. U 1999. i u 2000. godini po 56 registriranih akcidenata imalo je manji ili ve}i utjecaj na okoli{.

Do kraja prve polovine 2000. godine u Slu`bu za{tite okoli{a INA-SSRII dostavljeno je 29, a do 30. svibnja 2001. godine 22 kona~na izvje{}a o ispu{tanju opasnih i/ili {tetnih tvari u okoli{.

Najve}i broj akcidenata s utjecajem na okoli{ uzrokovan je pucanjem cjevovoda u segmentu djelatnosti Istra`ivanje i proizvodnja nafte i plina.

accident, an urgent report shall be issued and it contains a brief review of the accidental event. After such an accident has been investigated and its consequences remedied, a final report shall be forwarded to the Environmental Protection Department within the Division of Strategic Development, Research and Investment.

The Internal Standard defines the criteria for issuing and forwarding the final report, and these criteria regard the type and quantity of the hazardous/harmful substance released, as well as the remediation costs of the accident consequences.

Final report, among other things, contains information on the type, quantity and properties of such a released substance, remediation procedures, costs of remediation and possible penalties, response of public and media to the accident, as well as a proposal of corrective and preventive actions, with a cost estimate.

On the basis of reports received, Environmental Protection Department of the Division of the Strategic Development, Research and Investment has performed analysis of such accidental events affecting the environment in 1999 and 2000, their causes and consequences, and offered suggestions regarding the corrective and preventive measures In 1999, according to urgent reports, 97 accidental events were registered in INA, while in 2000 there were 168. In the years 1999 and 2000, there were 56 registered accidents, respectively, with minor or major impacts on the environment. By the end of June 2000 Environmental Protection Department received 29, and until May 30, 2001 22 final reports on emission/release of hazardous/harmful substances into environment The majority of accidents affecting the environment was caused by pipeline ruptures in INAs segment of Oil & Gas Exploration and Production.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper F3V. SU[I], A. MELE[, V. ^IZMI]INA MAZIVA ZAGREB

TRO[KOVI KVALITETE - ALAT ZA PRA]ENJE I UNAPRE\IVANJE

U^INKOVITOSTI

QUALITY IMPLEMENTATION COSTS – MEANS OF EVALUATION AND

IMPROVEMENT OF EFFICIENCY

Sa`etakMaziva Zagreb sustavno prate tro{kove

kvalitete od 1998. godine kada je utvr|en na~in i postupak evidentiranja, obra~una i izvje{}ivanja o tro{kovima kvalitete. Cilj je mjeriti i nadzirati u~inkovitost i uspje{nost sustava upravljanja kvalitetom te poduzimanje mjera za njihovo stalno unapre|ivanje. Primijenjena je PAF metoda (prevencija-ocjena-gubici). Prepoznati su tro{kovi koji nastaju da bi se osigurala zadovoljavaju}a kvaliteta i povjerenje u nju ali i tro{kovi gubitaka koji nastaju kad zadovoljavaju}a kvaliteta nije postignuta.

Izvje{}a i analize tro{kova kvalitete poslovodstvo Maziva Zagreb razmatra kod ocjene sustava (Management review) i koristi kao alat za planiranje i primjenu pobolj{anja sustava upravljanja kvalitetom i ukupnog poslovanja.

Smanjenje tro{kova kvalitete jedan je od ciljeva poslovanja Maziva Zagreb koji se ostvaruje kroz programe sa zadacima, zadu`enjima i rokovima izvr{enja. Kako su Maziva Zagreb izgradila i sustave upravljanja za{titom okoli{a i za{titom zdravlja i sigurnosti, te ih integrirala u cjeloviti sustav, uvedeno je i pra}enje tro{kova za{tite okoli{a, zdravlja i sigurnosti.

AbstractMaziva Zagreb have been

systematically monitoring quality costs since 1998, when the manner of recording, calculating and reporting on qualty costs was established. The goal is to measure and control the quality management system efficiency, as well as to undertake measures for its constant advancement. The PAF method (Prevention, Evaluation, Losses) has been applied. Costs were recognized necessary to ensure the required quality and confidence, but also the cost of losses suffered when the required quality is not achieved.

The Maziva Zagreb Management is considering the reports on and analyses of quality costs in the Management review, using them as tools for planning and implementing the improvement of the quality costs is one among the goals of the Maziva Zagreb business policy implemented through programmes with concrete execution tasks, roles and terms. Since Maziva Zagreb have also built uo environmental protection and health and safety protection management systems and integrated them into a single system, the monitoring of environmental and health and safety protection costs has also been introduced.

Referat/Paper F4V. ^IZMI], A. MELE[, V. SU[I]INA MAZIVA ZAGREB

OCJENA SUSTAVA OD POSLOVODSTVA MAZIVA ZAGREB

SYSTEM EVALUATION ON THE PART OF MAZIVA ZAGREB MANAGEMENT

Sa`etakU Mazivima Zagreb su izgra|eni i

implementirani sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, za{titom okoli{a, zdravljem i sigurnosti po zahtjevima normi ISO 9001, ISO 14 001 i OHSAS 18 001. Sva tri sustava integrirana su u cjeloviti sustav upravljanja.

Poslovodstvo Maziva Zagreb dokazuje svoju opredijeljenost prema razvoju i

AbstractMaziva Zagreb has elaborated and

implemented the systems of managing quality control, environmental protection, health and safety, in compliance with the standards ISO 9001, ISO 14 001 and OHSAS 18 001. All three systems have been integrated into a single management system.

The Management of Maziva Zagreb has

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

provo|enju sustava upravljanja na na~in da:

a) obavje{tava tvrtku o zna~aju udovoljavanja zahtjevima kupaca i zakonske regulative;

b) donosi politiku kvalitete, za{tite okoli{a, zdravlja i sigurnosti;

c) postavlja ciljeve, zadatke i programe;

d) provodi ocjenu sustava;e) osigurava dostupnost nu`nih

resursa.Poslovodstvo dva puta godi{nje

ocjenjuje sustav upravljanja na osnovi objektivnih ~injenica, kako bi se osigurala njegova kontinuirana primjerenost, pogodnost i u~inkovitost. Odlu~ivanje se temelji na analizi podataka i informacija. Procjenjuje se potreba za promjenama u sustavu, uklju~uju}i promjene u politikama i ciljevima upravljanja nu`ne za ostvarivanje trajnog pobolj{anja.

Misija Maziva Zagreb je pove}ati zadovoljstvo kupca, zaposlenika, vlasnika i okru`enja, posti}i partnerstvo s dobavlja~ima, uz optimalne tro{kove, sigurnost rada i o~uvanje okoli{a, stalnim unapre|enjem svih aktivnosti i proizvoda posti}i ve}u uspje{nost poslovanja i pobolj{ati poziciju na tr`i{tu.

thus proven its commitment to development and management system implementation in the following manner:

a) by communicating the importance of meeting customer requirements and legal regulations;

b) by passing the policy of quality, environmental protection, health, and safety;

c) by setting goals, tasks, and programmes;

d) by implementing system evaluation;e) by ensuring the availability of the

necessary resources.The Management is evaluating the

management system twice a year based on objective facts, in order to ensure its continuous suitability, aptness, and efficiency. Decision-making is based on data processing. The need for changes in the system is being estimated, including changes in the management policies and goals, necessary for effecting a permanent improvement.

It is the mission of Maziva Zagreb to increase the satisfaction level of customers, employees, owner, and the surroundings, and to achieve partnership with suppliers at optimum cost, occupational safety, and environmental protection. Permanent advancement of all the activities and products aims at achieving higher business making efficiency and improving the market position.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper G1Z. JANOVI], LJ. TOMA[EK, E. VIDOVI], Z. LOVIN^I], K. SARI] 1FAKULTET KEMIJSKOG IN@ENJERSTVA I TEHNOLOGIJE ZAGREBJ. ROMANO, A. BARI[I], M. PICEK2INA MAZIVA ZAGREB

REOLO[KI MODIFIKATORI MAZIVIH ULJA NA TEMELJU POLIMERNIH

SMJESA

POLYMER MIXTURES AS LUBRICATING OIL RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS

Sa`etakReolo{ki modifikatori, posebice

pobolj{iva~i indeksa viskoznosti mazivih ulja, polimeri su odre|ene i posebne strukturne gra|e. Pobolj{anje indeksa viskoznosti posti`e se samo velikim promjenama konformacije polimernih molekula u otopini baznog mineralnog ulja. Najzna~ajniji polimeri te skupine jesu: statisti~ki etilen/propilen kopolimer (EPC/OCP), blok i zvjezdasti kopolimeri stiren/hidrogenirani dieni (izopren, butadien) i terpolimeri dugolan~anih alkil-metakrilata (PAMA). U zadnje vrijeme razvitak tih modifikatora usmjeren je na dobivanje i primjenu polimer/polimer smjese s komplementarnim ili sinergijskim djelovanjem. Ve}ina polimernih smjesa termodinami~ki su nemje{ljive i stvaraju odvojene faze, posebice u otopinama a pove}anje njihove podno{ljivosti naj~e{}e se posti`e stvaranjem me|usloja s cijepljenim ili blok kopolimerima.

U radu su prire|ene polimerne smjese na temelju EPC/PAMA ili polistirena kao i odgovaraju}i cijepljeni kopolimeri i ispitana njihova reolo{ka svojstva. Cijepljeni kopolimeri dobiveni su radikalnom polimerizacijom AMA u EPC otopini baznog mineralnog ulja ili toluena. Njihove strukturne zna~ajke odre|ene su ekstrakcijom, IR, 1H-NMR, turbidimetrijskom metodom. Reolo{ka svojstva utvr|ena su viskozimetrijskim odre|ivanjem pri 30···1000C mjerenjem smi~ne stabilnosti i temperature stini{ta polimernih otopina u aromatskim ugljikovodicima i baznom mineralnom ulju. Dobiveni su komplementarni u~inci utjecaja sastavnica smjese i cijepljenog kopolimera.

AbstractSeveral polymers of controlled and

defined structural characteristic are known to be effective rheology modifiers particularly as lubricating oil viscosity improvers. The desired viscosity-temperature characteristics are achieved only by appropriate polymer molecules conformational changes in base mineral oil solutions. Mostly used polymers include those based on ethylene/propylene random copolymer (EPC,OCP), styrene/hydrogenated diene (isoprene, butadiene) block or star copolymers and long chain alkyl methacrylate terpolymers (PAMA). Recently, development has led to use particular polymer mixtures with presumable complementary or synergetic effects. Most of the polymer mixtures are not mutually compatible, but form two separates phase state. Therefore, it is of importance to achieve a boundary compatibilizing layer usually through graft or block copolymers of the two identical components.

In this presentation the mixture of EPC with PAMA or polystyrene as well as the corresponding graft copolymers were prepared and their rheologycal properties have been examined. The graft copolymers were obtained by free radical polymerization of AMA in EPC base mineral oil or toluene solutions. Solvent extraction, IR, 1H-NMR and turbidimetric methods confirmed their structure. The rheologycal properties were established by viscosity measurements at different temperatures, by shear stability test and poor point temperature method of polymer solutions in aromatic hydrocarbons or base mineral oil. The complementary effects of polymer mixture components and graft copolymers are observed.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Referat/Paper G2M. PODOBNIK, J. BAMBI]INA MAZIVA RIJEKA

NISKOTEMPERATURNA SVOJSTVA MAZIVIH ULJA

MOTOR OILS LOW TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES

Sa`etakMotorna ulja predstavljaju grupu maziva

~iji zna~aj stalno raste s razvojem motorne industrije i ~ine najve}i dio potro{nje maziva. Moraju imati visoku kvalitetu, koja je definirana klasifikacijama prema viskoznosti i prema radnim svojstvima.

Klasifikaciju motornih ulja prema viskoznosti izradilo je udru`enje automobilskih in`enjera SAE (Society of Automotive Engenieers) iz SAD-a jo{ davne 1911. godine i ona se kontinuirano mijenja u skladu sa zahtjevima modernih motora.

Klasifikacijom su niskotemperaturna svojstva motornih ulja definirana najve}om dopu{tenom dinami~kom viskozno{}u kod niskih temperatura, koja se odre|uje na ure|aju Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) i najve}om dopu{tenom temperaturom pumpabilnosti, koja je mjera sposobnosti dobavljanja ulja do uljne pumpe i uspostavljanja odgovaraju}eg tlaka motornog ulja za vrijeme po~etne faze rada motora a odre|uje se na Mini Rotary Viscometer (MRV) ure|aju.

U najnovijem izdanju klasifikacije SAE J300 iz velja~e 2000. godine uvedene su nove za 50C ni`e temperature za odre|ivanje dinami~ke viskoznosti na CCS ure|aju i nove granice dinami~ke viskoznosti.

U skladu s tim promjenama analizirana su niskotemperaturna svojstva motornih ulja (CCS) koja su pokazala da ispitivane formulacije motornih ulja u potpunosti zadovoljavaju i nove zahtjeve navedene klasifikacije.

AbstractMotor Oils constitute a group of

lubricants whose importance is constantly increasing, along with the motor industry development, constituting the largest part of lubricant consumption. They must be characterized by top quality, defined by classifications according to viscosity and performances.

Motor oils classification according to viscosity has been elaborated by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) from USA back in 1911, being contuinuously changed in compliance with modern engine requirements.

The classification defines motor oils low temperature properties by the highest permissible dynamic viscosity at low temperatures, being set on the Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS) device, and with the highest permissible temperature pumpability, constituting the measure of the ability to supply oil to the oil pump and the establishment of a given motor oil pressure during the engine operation initial phase, being set on the Mini Rotary Viscometer (MRV) device.

In the latest edition of SAE J300 classification of February, 2000, new, 50C lower temperatures have been introduced for determining dynamic viscosity on CCS device, as well as new dynamic viscosity limits.

In compliance with these changes, low temperature motor oil properties have been analyzed indicating that the tested motor oil formulations entirely meet the said new classification requirements.

Referat/Paper G3M. ORLOVI], B. PLAV[I], S. BAZINAINA ZAGREB, SSRI

DOMA]A PROIZVODNJA DETERGENTNOG ADITIVA ZA MAZIVA

(TEHNO-EKONOMSKI PREGLED)

INDIGENOUS MANUFACTURE OF A LUBRICANT DETERGENT ADDITIVE (TECHNO-ECONOMICAL REVIEW)

Sa`etakU predlo`enom radu iznose se osnovni

tr`i{ni, tehnolo{ko-tehni~ki, ekonomsko-financijski i drugi ~initelji od va`nosti za

AbstractIn the work proposed, the basic market,

technological, technical, economical, financial as well as other factors of

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

ocjenu opravdanosti proizvodnje detergentnog aditiva za maziva u doma}im uvjetima. Razmatra se komercijalno formulirani visokobazi~ni kalcij dodecil-benzen sulfonat. Proizvod se ubraja u grupu aditiva s detergentno-disperzantnim svojstvima ~ija je uloga da ostatke od izgaranja i druga one~i{}enja netopljiva u ulju odr`avaju u koloidnom obliku sprje~avaju}i njihovo talo`enje u motorima.

Proizvodnja je razvijena u INA-Industriji Nafte, dd., Zagreb, Sektor strate{kog razvoja, istra`ivanja i investicija.

importance for prospecting an indigenous detergent additive manufacture for lubricants are exposed. High-basic calcium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate (a commercial formulation) is under consideration. The product may be classified into the group of additives with detergent-dyspersant characteristics purposed to keep the combustion effluents and other impurities, unsoluble in the lubricant, in coloidal form thus preventing their precipitation in car engines.

The production has been developed at INA Oil Industry, Zagreb, Department of strategic development, research and investments.

Referat/Paper G4LJ. PEDI[I], M. [VIGLIN-MARASOVI]INA MAZIVA ZAGREB

UTJECAJ KAKVO]E VODE NA SVOJSTVA EMULZIJA ZA OBRADBU METALA

WATER QUALITY INFLUENCE TO THE METALWORKING EMULSION

PROPERTIES

Sa`etakEmulgiraju}e teku}ine za obradbu

metala prije primjene mije{aju se s vodom u radni oblik emulziju. U metaloprera|iva~kim pogonima za spravljanje emulzija upotrebljavaju se razli~ite vrste voda. To su tehnolo{ke i prirodne vode (iz vlastitih bunara ili vodovoda). Kakvo}a voda je bitno razli~ita a ovisi o tipu vode a zatim o geografskom polo`aju prirodne vode i njezinom tretmanu. Razlikuju se u sadr`aju aniona, kationa, mikroorganizama i ostalih tvari. Budu}i da je voda sastavni dio radnih emulzija i to ~ak do 98%, kvaliteta vode bitno utje~e na svojstva i radni vijek emulzije. Najosjetljivija svojstva su stabilnost emulzije, svojstva za{tite od korozije, pjenjenje te otpornost na rast mikroorganizama. Moderne formulacije emulgiraju}ih teku}ina za obradbu metala moraju smanjiti nepo`eljni utjecaj vode i osigurati {to dulji radni vijek emulzije u primjeni.

U ovome radu prikazani su rezultati ispitivanja fizikalno-kemijskih i radnih svojstava emulzija namije{anih s vodama razli~ite kakvo}e. Ispitano je vi{e formulacija emulgiraju}ih teku}ina za obradbu metala razli~itih proizvo|a~a.

AbstractEmulsifying metalworking fluids before

application are mixed with water in working form – emulsion. In metalworking plants for emulsion making in use are different types of water. Those are technological and natural waters (industrial well water, tap water). Water quality differs and depending on water type and also on geographical position and its treatment. They differ in content of anion, cation, microorganisms and others substances. As water is emulsion constituent even till 98% water quality has significant influence to emulsion properties and also working life. The most influenced properties are emulsion stability, anticorrosion and foaming properties and resistance to microorganisms’ growth. Modern emulsifying metalworking formulations are designed in purpose to reduce negative influence of water and to prolong working life of emulsion.

In this paper are shown the examination results of physical chemical and working properties of emulsions mixed with different water quality. Several emulsifying metalworking fluids produced by different companies have been examined.

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Zbornik sa`etaka/Symposium abstracts Pore~ 2001

Uvodne smjernice / Introductory remarks promjena odnosa na tr`i{tu / change of market relations promjena vlasni~ke strukture / change of ownership structure

promjena rukovodstva, promjena poslovne politike, racionalizacija poslovanja itd. nejednoliki intezitet obnavljanja voznog parka / uneven vehicle pool renewal

intensityprosje~na starost voznog parka 11,3 godine / average vehicle age more than 11 years

nejednoliki rast industrije / uneven industrial growth najve}a konkurencija kod maziva za vozila / the greatest competition in

automotive lubricants agresivna promid`ba / aggressive marketing pojava kopija, neoriginalnih kvaliteta / emerge of copies, unoriginal quality utjecaj dr`avne regulative s ciljem za{tite krajnjeg potro{a~a / the impact of state

regulations with a view of protecting end consumers neuskla|enost “obveznih” dr`avnih i strukovnih specifikacija npr. u podru~ju

sigurnosti u prometu / lack of co-ordination between “mandatory” state and professional specifications e.g. in the area of traffic safety

neuskla|enost sustava kontrole kvalitete, metode ispitivanja / lack of co-ordination among quality assurance systems, test methods

utjecaj i uloga agencija za za{titu potro{a~a i zavoda za ispitivanje kvalitete / impact and role of agencies for consumer protection and quality testing institutes

osiguranje tehni~kog servisa kupcima / insurance of technical servicing for the customers

prate}i laboratoriji (primjenski, kontrolni, servisni) / the accompanying laboratories (application, control, servicing)

niske cijene, kompenzacije, fleksibilnost, lokalne veze, inventivnost u osiguravanju vlastite logistike / low prices, compensation, flexibility, local connections, invention in ensuring own logistics

pritisak na smanjenje ukupnih tro{kova proizvodnje / pressure on the lowering of total production costs

za{tita lokalnih tr`i{ta – visoke takse u transportu, skladi{tenju, itd. / protection of local markets – high transportation and storage taxes, excises, etc.

dugogodi{nji nesklad izme|u “smirenih“ prosje~nih cijena finalnih maziva i rasta tro{kova proizvodnje / long-term gap between “even” average prices of final lubricants and production costs increase

tradicionalne regionalne tvrtke – proizvo|a~i maziva se sporo prilago|avaju tr`i{nim uvjetima / traditional regional companies – lubricant manufacturers are slow in adapting to market conditions

uloga struke / the role of profession postojanje, zna~aj i utjecaj strukovnih organizacija tipa GOMA / the existence,

significance and impact of professional organisations of the kind of GOMA