Refer to the next 10 slides

Cumberland (National) RoadCumberland (National) Road

1811 – 1839

Conestoga Covered WagonsConestoga Covered Wagons

Conestoga Trail, 1820sConestoga Trail, 1820s

Erie Canal SystemErie Canal System

Erie Canal, 1820sErie Canal, 1820s

Begun in 1817; completed in 1825Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont

Inland Freight RatesInland Freight Rates

Clipper ShipsClipper Ships

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)

1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RR

By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track 9000 mi. of RR track

By 1860 By 1860 31,000 mi. 31,000 mi.

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

Mostly Mostly immigrant immigrant labor built labor built northern RRs.northern RRs.

Mostly slave Mostly slave laborlaborbuilt southern built southern RRs.RRs.

1800 1800 41 patents approved41 patents approved

1860 1860 4,357 patents approved4,357 patents approved

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable Parts RifleInterchangeable Parts Rifle

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

Elias Howe & Isaac SingerElias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840s1840sSewing MachineSewing Machine

Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory

System”)

Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory

System”)

Lowell MillLowell Mill

Daguerreotype of a young mill girl, c. 1850, MassachusettsThis young girl probably worked at a mill in Waltham or Lowell during the late 1840s. Her swollen and rough hands contrast with her youth, neat dress, and carefully tied, beribboned hair. Her hands suggest that she worked, as did most 12- and 13-year-olds, as a warper, straightening the strands of cotton or wool as they entered the looms. (Courtesy of Jack Naylor)

Daguerreotype of a young mill girl, c. 1850, Massachusetts

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknownIn the 1830s an unknown artist painted Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, portraying the hulking mass of the mill buildings. The company organized all the manufacturing processes at a single location, in Lowell, Massachusetts, on the Merrimack River. (Museum of American Textile History)

Middlesex Company Woolen Mills, Lowell, Massachusetts, c. 1848, artist unknown

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

New EnglandTextileCenters1830s

New EnglandTextileCenters1830s

Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization

NORTHEAST NORTHEAST IndustrialIndustrial

SOUTH SOUTH Cotton & SlaveryCotton & Slavery

WEST WEST The Nation’s The Nation’s “Breadbasket”“Breadbasket”

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

American Population Centers in 1860

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

Why so Why so many many from from

Ireland Ireland and and

Germany?Germany?

The Order of the Star-Spangled Banner”

The Order of the Star-Spangled Banner”

Nativism

Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860

Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860