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Risk reduction and planning crossdisciplinary opportunities from natural hazards & climate change adaptation The window that disasters present for risk reduction Bruce C. Glavovic EQC Chair in Natural Hazards Planning Associate Director Joint Centre for Disaster Research NZPI Conference, Wellington 30 March 2011

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Page 1: reduction and planning cross disciplinary opportunities ...planning.org.nz › Folder?Action=View File&Folder_id=218&File=GLAVOVI… · Why Anthropologists Should Study Disasters,

Risk reduction and planning ‐ cross‐disciplinary opportunities  from natural hazards & climate change adaptation

The window that disasters present for risk reduction

Bruce C. GlavovicEQC Chair in Natural Hazards Planning

Associate Director Joint Centre for Disaster Research

NZPI Conference, Wellington

30 March  2011

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Workshop questions

1. What are the barriers to reducing risk from known  hazards and uncertain risks from climate change?

2. What are the opportunities to reduce risk from known  and unknown hazards (including from climate change)  and how might this be achieved? 

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1931 Napier‐Hawkes Bay earthquake 1942 Wairarapa earthquake4 September 2010

22 February 2011

Social memoryA window of opportunity

1. Global change, disaster risk & planning2. Bridging disaster risk reduction & climate change3. Recovery planning for Canterbury – Legacy?

“A disaster becomes unavoidable in the context of a  historically produced pattern of ‘vulnerability’” (Oliver‐Smith &  Hoffman, 2002, Why Anthropologists Should Study Disasters, in  Catastrophe & Culture, p3)

“… preventing deaths and destruction from disasters pays, if  done right …” (UN / World Bank, 2010, Natural Hazards, UnNatural Disasters: The Economics of Effective Prevention)

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1. Global change, disaster risk & planning La condition humaine

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1. Global change,  disaster risk & planning

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7322/images/468370a-i2.0.jpg

htt // id / / hi /t d i t l di tRockstrom et al 2009 Nature

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Understanding hazards, risk & vulnerability [R = P x C]

Hazards•Shocks•Slow onset hazards

Root causes

Dynamic pressures

Unsafe conditions

DisasterRisk

Reduction

Social Vulnerability

(After Wisner et al., 2004)

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2. Bridging disaster risk reduction & climate change: Context

Exposure & vulnerability to global change, esp. human‐ induced climate change, ↑ disaster risk & losses.

Short‐term, narrow interests swamp longer term  community & public interests & ↑ disaster risk & losses. 

Business as usual fails to reconcile these interests. 

Current DRR & CCA practices don’t prepare communities.

DRR & CCA = parallel discourses.

Both help address barriers that undermine planned  adaptation or cause maladaptive & unsustainable actions.

Need integrated assessment & application.

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2. Bridging disaster risk reduction & climate change: Beyond Business as Usual

Transformational social change needed to adapt to global  change & esp. climate extremes. 

Build capacity to adapt to change in face of uncertainty,  change & dynamic complexity & in anticipation of future  risk, incl. known & unknown hazards. 

Need multifaceted agenda of human development, env.  sustainability, poverty reduction, CCA &DRR.

Recognise politics of DRR & CCA: Winners & losers! To avert future disasters, must address root causes of  vulnerability, incl. structural inequalities that drive poverty  & inequity.

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2. Bridging disaster risk reduction & climate change: Imperatives for integration

Adopt all‐hazards approach, given known & unknown hazards, &  mainstream DRR & CCA measures to reduce social vulnerability &  improve quality of life & build sustainable livelihoods.

Innovative governance & leadership needed.

Need integrated approaches that enable social‐ecological systems  to cope with, adapt to, & shape change, given multiple stressors &  diverse & contending values &interests.

Use suite of measures that (i) ↓ social vulnerability & ↑ resilience  at local level; & (ii) align measures at higher scales to enable local  capacity building & action. 

Tailor measures to particular opportunities & challenges in  particular localities.

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3. Recovery planning for Canterbury: Legacy?

“No single approach to bringing sustainable hazard  mitigation into existence shows more promise at this time  than increased use of sound and equitable land‐use  management” (Mileti, 1999. Disasters by Design, p155‐156).

To what extent will recovery planning in Canterbury: Capitalise on local culture & knowledge? Engage local people in joint learning & public decision‐making? 

Mobilise local capacity to rebuild?

Enable local communities to make choices that build safer,  more sustainable communities?

Reshape future practices & institutions to reduce disaster risk?