Reducing Energy, Carbon and Costs

December 2012

Dan Watch, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP

Vikram Sami, LEED AP

Planning Lab Retrofits for 2030 Carbon

Architecture 2030

By the year 2035, approximately three-quarters (75%) of the built environment will be either new or renovated. This transformation over the next 25 years represents a historic opportunity for the architecture and building community to avoid dangerous climate change.

Payback

Cost Savings

• Orientation• Chilled Beams• Thermostat Setpoints• Zoning• Benchmarking• Design Charrettes

Short Payback

• Airflow Sampling• Condensate

collection• Ductless Hoods• Energy Recovery• Desiccant cooling

(not for containment)

• Lighting controls• Commissioning• Displacement

ventilation (non-wet lab)

Cost Neutral

• Sunshading & Daylighting

• High performance skin

• VAV• Energy Recovery• Water

management• Low VOC finishes• Flexible Lab

Design

Long Payback

• Photovoltaics• Wind turbines• Solar Hot Water• Ground Coupled

HVAC• Fuel Cells• CHP

THE TEN STEP PLAN :: AN OVERVIEW1. Improve Work Habits

2. Purchase Efficient Laboratory Equipment

3. Understand Building Performance

4. Re-Think the Science of Research

5. Reduce Air Change Rates

6. Energy Recovery

7. Improve Building Envelope

8. Upgrade Mechanical/Electrical Equipment

9. Generate Energy On-Site

10. Address Other Key Issues:• Water Management• Materials Health• Active Design• Finalize Zero Carbon Strategic Plan

Over 10 Projects

Over 15 Projects Over 20 projects

Over 20 Projects 20 Projects

Improving Work HabitsAdjust the Thermostat

• Lower the thermostat 10-15 degrees for 8 hours or more at a time.• In many cases, each degree increase in the heating set point increases energy

use by 3%.• Chinese Codes 64-76 degrees• www.energysavers.gov http://green.harvard.edu/labs/workspace

WARMER in the SUMMER

> 75 F

72 F< 68 F

COOLER in the WINTER

Improving Work HabitsLab Use Habits

COMPUTERS:•Enable Desktop Power Management (putting computers to “sleep” can save over 75% in energy costs)

•Utilize a Print Management System (typically results in 20-30% reduction in printer usage)

Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits

FUME HOODS:•SASH DOWN when not in use.

•Disable or Remove unused Fume Hoods• Standard 6’ constant volume hood uses over 35,000

kWh/year in chiller and fan energy.

•Combination Sashes• Air volumes reduced by up to 40% over traditional sashes.• Large energy savings.• Familiarity a hurdle sometimes.

Improving Work Habits Lab Use Habits

BIOSAFETY CABINETS:

Exhausted $2100

Recirculating $240

Improving Work Habits Just in Time Inventories

1. Sort and Recycle: Take inventory to determine if everything is still necessary.

2. Label and Store: Label all supplies and store them in a consistent location.

3. Standardize: The bench size with mobile casework.

From this…. To this…..

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment LED Lighting

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Freezer Specimen Storage

LOW TEMP FREEZERS:•Inventory and Discard- Grad Students

•Defrost and check seals frequently

•Pack samples efficiently

•Share freezers between labs

•Larger units typically more efficient

Elimination of one -80 freezer = $1,000+ savings in energy cost per year (does not account for additional heating load, maintenance and space used)

Room Temperature Storagehttp://medfacilities.stanford.edu/sustainability/downloads/RoomTempStoragePilotResults.pdf

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Efficient Mechanical Duct + Plumbing Pipe Design

Traditional 90 degree pipe connections create unnecessary friction and increased energy consumption. Instead, use:

•Bigger Pipes, Smaller Pumps

•Gentle Bends, No 90% Bends

•Shorter Pipes (design pipe layout first, then add equipment they connect)

Use of these strategies have led to a 75% decrease in pumping energy with a 1-2 month payback period.

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment Plug Load Analysis

Equipment testing and user interviews

Auburn University – CASIC Lab

Aggressive gathering of equipment data

• 20 (12%) Ton reduction in designed chiller size.

• Reduction in number of chilled beams.

• Right sizing reduces reheat.

Purchase Efficient Lab Equipment

Energy Efficient Information from Labs 21/Wiki

Autoclave Linkhttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Autoclaves

Bio-Safety Cab Linkhttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Biosafety_Cabinets

Centrifugeshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Centrifuges

Cool Roomshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Cool_Room

Incubatorshttp://labs21.lbl.gov/wiki/equipment/index.php/Category:Incubators

• $1/sf with a payback that can be less than 1 year.

• “Tuned” systems can also improve occupant comfort.

• Protect assets by ensuring proper function and optimal performance.

• Can be performed on entire existing portfolio and new construction.

• Energy savings can exceed 15-20%, particularly for energy intensive laboratories.

Understand Building PerformanceCommission Major Systems

• Cost $25 - $40 per data point

• Additional $4,000 - $5,000 for web hosted dashboard (for entire building).

• Wireless current transmitters can be easily outfitted onto existing circuits to submeter labs.

• Metering helps with retro-commissioning and budgeting.

Understand Building Performance Metering and Evaluation

WIRELESS CONTROLS

•Wireless telemetry allows for more individual controls.

•Personal feedback allows for occupant behavioral transformation resulting in better operations.

•Integrates well with smart grid technologies.

Understand Building PerformanceMetering and Evaluation

Texas Children’s Neurological Research Institute

• Payback is approximately 1 year

• 4 Air Changes in labs – 2 ACH at night

• Metered data for 18 months• Savings of over $100k

annually• 13,600 cfm reduction in

airflow

“The AirCuity systems work very well.  We chose AirCuity for the sensing accuracy and ease of operation.”

~ William ‘Skip’ MiltonAssistant Director Facilities Operation

Texas Children’s Hospital

Reduce Air Change Rates:: Demand Control

Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams

Water carries much more energy than air

Smaller ductwork15 air changes reduced to 6 air changes

50+% smaller air handlers

50+% smaller exhaust fans

Smaller chillers

Chillers run more on free cooling

Smaller boilers

Over 15 projects successfully implemented

Chilled Beam Old Technology

Water Pipe

Air Duct – 6 Air Changes

Air-Water

1m

Air Duct - 15 Air Changes+0.5m/Floor

All Air

1.5m

Reduce Air Change RatesChilled Beams

Chiller Plant & Piping -$287,550

Sheet metal -$541,680

AHU Capacity -$717,230

Exhaust Fan Capacity -$346,200

VAV Boxes -$203,400

Temperature Controls +$13,950

Tracking Controls -$526,900

Sec Cooling Systems +$761,860

V-Wedges & Chilled Beams +$762,750

Total First Cost Savings for Mechanical Systems +

-$1,084,400

Reductions in Floor Height by 12’ (4 Floors) -$400,000

-$1,484,400

2.5% Savings in Construction

Case Study: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

Generate Energy On-siteSolar Hot Water

• Integrating solar hot water, supplemental to or instead of traditional heating, could significantly reduce the need to reheat.

• We have used this on 6 projects – including one lab and two hospitals.• Pictured below – the evacuated tube collector at the Center for Interactive

Research On Sustainability at UBC.

Generate Energy On-siteSolar Photovoltaics (PVs)

NY State Energy & Research Development Agency, TEC-SMART. Photovoltaic panel arrays + two wind turbines produce power, while a ground source heat pump provides heating. The net result is an approximately 40% reduction in energy consumption.We have used photovoltaic energy on over 15 projects to date

Generate Energy On-siteSolar Photovoltaics (PVs)

• http://climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/PV-Industry-Germany-and-China.pdf

• http://thinkprogress.org/romm/2011/07/06/261550/solar-pv-system-cost-reductions/?mobile=nc• http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43240662/how-first-solars-tellurium-deal-shows-

the-fragile-economics-of-solar-panels/• http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/eligible/levels/

Generate Energy On-siteWind Turbines

Wind turbines atop Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation’s Research Tower generate up to 10% of the building’s energy.We have used On-Site Wind on 5 projects to date.

Store Energy On-siteGeothermal Heat Storage• Use earth as a heat source (winter) and heat sink (summer)

• Central heating / cooling system that pumps heat to or from the ground.

• Boosts efficiency and reduces operational cost of heating and cooling

• We have used this on over 15 projects to date.

Great River Energy Headquarters uses a wind turbine and a geothermal heat pump.

Living with Lakes Centre at Laurentian University

Buck Institute’s Regenerative Medicine Research Building uses a ground source heat pump.

Store Energy On-siteGeothermal Heat Storage

Recover Energy On-siteHeat Recovery Wheel

Recover Energy On-siteEnthalpy Wheels

• An enthalpy wheel exchanges energy – temperature and moisture.

• A sensible wheel, exchanges only temperature.

• Enthalpy wheels are much more efficient.

• Over 20 projects with Energy Recovery.

The enthalpy wheel at Ohlone College’s Newark Center for Science and Technology is on display so that students can observe and learn from the technology.

Recover Energy On-siteEnthalpy Wheels

Other Key IssuesWater Management

Other Key IssuesWater Management

Laurentian University’s Vale Living with Lake Centre utilizes an on-site rainwater treatment system.

Other Key IssuesMaterials Health

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

• Understand existing building energy usage and cost over time.

• Examine retrofit opportunities and weigh cost v/s payback opportunities.

• Pick retrofits that make financial sense and do not jeopardize operations of the facility.

• Weigh monetary and carbon goals. • Finalize retrofit plan.

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

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Chilled Water

Steam

Electricity

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Building #40

• Vaccine Research• 141,398 ft2

• Chilled Water Dominated• Electricity only 8%

Building #40

• Cooling & heating year round

• Over 200 kBTU/ft2 per in some months

• 1,660 kBTU/ft2-yr

• Recommend looking at heat gain as well as alternate equipment strategies.

• Address reheat

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Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Perkins+Will 2030 Retrofit Dashboard

Getting to Zero

Getting to Zero

Contact Us:

Dan Watch – Southeast Region404.443.7694Dan.Watch@perkinswill.com

Ed Cordes – Central Region713.366.4011Ed.Cordes@perkinswill.com

Kay Kornovich – West Coast Region206.381.6037Kay.Kornovich@perkinswill.com

Bill Harris – Northeast Region617.406.3521William.Harris@perkinswill.com

Vikram Sami – Sustainable Design Expert404.443.7462Vikram.Sami@perkinswill.com