Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologiesRedes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies

REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups

� 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group � Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1

� 802.3 Ethernet Working Group

� 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group

� 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group

� 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group

� 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group

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� 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group

� 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG

� 802.19 Coexistence TAG

� 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group

� 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group

� 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE Standards

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IEEE 802.22

RAN“Regional Area

Network”

40 km

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54 - 862 MHz

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN

� IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative work

� 802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands

� 802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital Imaging

� 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3

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� 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3

� 802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation needs � ZigBee

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE 802.15.2

� IEEE 802.15.2� Coexistence between 802.15

and 802.11

� Predefined traffic management rules for coexistence

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MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE 802.16 and Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

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� What is a BWA?� High speed connection

� Uses radio waves

� Point to multipoint system

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MIC

2008/2

009 Broadband Access to Buildings

� The “Last Mile”� Fast local connection to network

� Business and residential customers want it� Data

� Voice

� Video distribution

� Real-time videoconferencing

etc.

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� etc.

� High-capacity cable/fiber to every user is expensive� Construction costs do not follow Moore’s Law

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2008/2

009 WirelessMAN: Wireless Metropolitan Area Network

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Residentialcustomer

SOHOcustomerBasestation

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repeater SMEcustomer

Multi-tenantcustomers

Basestation

Corenetwork

Source: Nokia Networks

MIC

2008/2

009 Properties of IEEE Standard 802.16

� Broad bandwidth� Up to 134 Mbit/s in 28 MHz channel (in 10-66 GHz air interface)

� Supports multiple services simultaneously with full QoS� Efficiently transport IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Ethernet, etc.

� Bandwidth on demand (frame by frame)

� MAC designed for efficient used of spectrum

� Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security

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� Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security

� Supports multiple frequency allocations from 2-66 GHz� ODFM and OFDMA for non-line-of-sight applications

� Link adaptation: Adaptive modulation and coding� Subscriber by subscriber, burst by burst, uplink and downlink

� Point-to-multipoint topology, with mesh extensions

� Support for adaptive antennas and space-time coding

� Extensions to mobility are coming next.

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (2)

� 802.16: � the original standard, published in April 2002

� defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications. The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex (TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS bands. The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS).

802.16a:

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� 802.16a: � a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to 11GHz

spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands).

� the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single carrier, OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats, which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (3)

� 802.16c: � profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16

(10-66GHz) implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have concluded sponsor ballot.

� 802.16REVd: � full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS range (2-66

GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process

� includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations

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� includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations

� 802.16e: � a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile clients)

� Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004

� For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html

MIC

2008/2

009 Frequency Bands below 10 GHz (1)

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Europe

US

Bandwidth(MHz)

Band

max.

Tx power

100 mW

partly allocated for

wireless access

after 2007:

foreseen for UMTS

max.

Tx power

licensed in

blocks of

outdoor:

5725 - 5825 MHz

max. Tx power:

lic. in

blocks of

83.5 180 170 - 250 300 - 47530

2.4G 2.6G 3.5G 5G2.3G

widely licensed

in blocks of

14 - 40 MHz

outdoor:

5470 - 5725 MHz

max Tx power:

1 W EIRP

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US

licensed or unlicensedaccording tocountry regulations

LAM

unlicensedlicensed

Canada

not available forwireless access

Tx power

1 Wblocks of

6 MHzmax. Tx power:

1 W EIRP

blocks of

5 MHz

licensed in

blocks of

6 MHz

lic. in

blocks of

15 MHz

licensed

in blocks of

25 MHz

MIC

2008/2

009 Frequency Bands below 10 GHz (2)

� Licensed bands:

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� 3.5 GHz is the most important licensed band, but to serve all possible markets, both 2.6 and 3.5 GHz options will be needed

� Unlicensed bands:

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� The 2.4 GHz is less suitable due to interference issues.

� The 5 GHz band is suitable for low density areas with only few potential interferers. The achievable QoS can be high, but always remains subject to unpredictable (legal) interference sources.

MIC

2008/2

009 WiMAX Forum

� The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the The WiMAX Forum. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products.

� WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access� It is a non-profit organization

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� It is a non-profit organization

� It was formed in 2003

� It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel, Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and so forth..

� Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies.

MIC

2008/2

009 WiMAX Technology

� It will provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually, mobile wireless broadband connectivity.

� Connectivity at rates of up to 75 Mb/sec

� WiMAX 10-66 GHz technical working group� two MAC system profile

� two primary PHY system profile

� WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group

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� WiMAX 2-11 GHz technical working group � defining MAC and PHY system profile for IEEE 802.16e and HiperMAN standards.

MIC

2008/2

009

WiMAX Applications (1)

Extending existing services in...

�White zone DSL areas

� Rural and Sub-urban areas

� Urban areas (city coverage)

� Hot Spots

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solving economical, technical and political issues in low density areas (‘digital divide‘)

nomadic / portable broadband services

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� Hot Spots

Introducing basic services in ...

� developing countries (new service)� wireless telephony� IP services

services

MIC

2008/2

009

WiMAX Applications (2)17

RESIDENTIAL & SoHo Wireless DSL

IP Services for SMALL BUSINESS

T1+ LEVEL SERVICE

BACKHAUL for HOTSPOTS

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802.11

802.11

802.11

T1+ LEVEL SERVICE ENTERPRISE

802.16REVd

WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi

is for 802.11

Certified™ Interoperability

MIC

2008/2

009

WiMAX Single-Sector Base Station in Rural Environment18

Aggregation

X

X

radio link,access multiplexer/

base station access controller

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�single base station, connected with wireline link to the aggregation network

�outdoor operation: LOS, indoor operation: NLOS�mainly LOS for large distances (5-15 km)

�NLOS is of importance e.g. for small villages

Xbase station

LOS modem

home with

NLOS modem

X local switching

radio link,

covered areabase station access controller

MIC

2008/2

009

WiMAX Multi-Sector Base Station in Urban Environment 19

Xbase station

X local switching

radio link,

covered area

Aggregation

aggregation

switch

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�Characteristics:�base station covers multiple sectors�3 to 6 sectors

(depending on user density and frequency reuse requirements)�NLOS operation

MIC

2008/2

009 WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility

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Nomadicity within WiMAX system

� Covered by 802.16REVd

� Non Real Time Service Continuity offered

Mobility within WiMAX system

� 802.16e (not yet fixed)

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� 802.16e (not yet fixed)

� Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility

Mobility in heterogeneous systems

� Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility

� 802.21 handoff group: developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks

MIC

2008/2

009 Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America

� Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene los datos de viento.

� El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor opción para una regata óptima.

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� Problemas:� Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a diario.

� Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando alejados de la costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

MIC

2008/2

009 Propuesta

� Implantación de un sistema Wimax.� Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s.

� Distancias de hasta 8 km.

� Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h.

� Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios.

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Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

MIC

2008/2

009 Campo de Regatas

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Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

MIC

2008/2

009 Materiales

� La Antena� Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque en nuestro

caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo en el puerto de Valencia.

� Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los 120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada.

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Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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2008/2

009 Materiales (2)

� La Estación Base� Codificación y Decodificación de la señal.

� Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes por otro. En nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por ONO.

� Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax.

� Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.

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terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.

� No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

MIC

2008/2

009 Materiales (3)

� Terminales� Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los puestos de

trabajo.

� Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax.

� Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base.

� Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de Wimax.

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Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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2008/2

009 IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial

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IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002

(available on 802.16 web site)

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2008/2

009IEEE 802.20 MBWA

an overview

� MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002

� To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps

� Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA

� Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless voice and data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h

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data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).

MIC

2008/2

009

The vision of the IEEE 802.20 29

Work

HomeDomain

Portable Remote Access Services

Field Service Apps

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

Mobile BroadbandWireless Access

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WorkDomain SeamlessSeamless

UbiquitousUbiquitousExperienceExperience

MobileDomain

Hotel/Motel

Portable ServicesMobile Commerce

Services

Mobile Office (Voice and Data Apps)

High BW Connectivity

PortableOffice

Reservations-Listings Directions Services

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

MIC

2008/2

009 .16 and .20 comparison

� IEEE 802.20 and IEEE 802.16e standards seem very similar. But there are some differences !!!

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802.16a

� It is the extension of an

802.20

� It is starting from scratch

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� It is the extension of an

existing standard

� It operates in the 2 to11

GHz licensed spectrum

� Speeds of 75 to 93 miles/h

� It is starting from scratch

� It operates in the licensed

band below 3.5 GHz

� Speeds of 155 miles/h

MIC

2008/2

009 IEEE 802.21

� 802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover mechanisms.

� Some of the expectations

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� Some of the expectations� Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks.

� Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing.

� Apply to both wired and wireless networks.

� Allow for use by multiple vendors and users.

� Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined in the standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will be supported by the protocol

MIC

2008/2

009

IEEE 802.22Project Authorization Request (PAR)

� Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)

� 802.22 is to define:� MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control

� PHY: Physical Layer specifications

� Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands

� “This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-

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control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-multipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”

MIC

2008/2

009

IEEE 802.22Project Authorization Request (PAR)

� Purpose: “This standard is intended to enable deployment of interoperable 802 multivendor wireless regional area network products, to facilitate competition in broadband access by providing alternatives to wireline broadband access and extending the deployability of such systems into diverse geographic areas, including sparsely populated rural areas, while preventing harmful interference to incumbent licensed services in the TV broadcast bands.”

� Reason: “There is a large, untapped market for broadband wireless

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� Reason: “There is a large, untapped market for broadband wireless access in rural and other unserved/underserved areas where wired infrastructure cannot be economically deployed. Products based on this standard will be able to serve those markets, taking advantage of the favorable propagation characteristics in the VHF and low UHF TV bands and increase the efficiency of spectrum utilization in spectrum currently allocated to, but unused by, the TV broadcast service.”

MIC

2008/2

009 Tecnologías 4G: las ultimas novedades

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2008/2

009 Tecnologías 4G: las ultimas novedades

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2008/2

009 Tecnologías 4G: las ultimas novedades

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