REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009

Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies

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2 IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups

802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1

802.3 Ethernet Working Group 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working

Group 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG 802.19 Coexistence TAG 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working

Group 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks

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IEEE Standards

IEEE 802.22

RAN

“Regional Area Network”

40 km

54 - 862 MHz

25 μsec

18 MbpsBW= 6,7,8 MHz

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IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN

IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative work

802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands

802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital Imaging

802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3

802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation needs ZigBee

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IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview

802.16: the original standard, published in April 2002 defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications.

The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex (TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) bands. The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS).

802.16a: a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to

11GHz spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands). the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single

carrier, OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats, which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.

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IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (2)

802.16c: profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16 (10-66GHz)

implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have concluded sponsor ballot.

802.16REVd: full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS

range (2-66 GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations

802.16e: a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile

clients) Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004

For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html

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WiMAX Forum

The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the “The WiMAX Forum”. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products.

WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access It is a non-profit organization It was formed in 2003 It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel,

Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and so forth.. Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and

certifying interoperability of products and technologies.

WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi is for 802.11

Certified™ Interoperability

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WiMAX Applications (1)

Extending existing services in... White zone DSL areas Rural and Sub-urban areas

Urban areas (city coverage) Hot Spots

Introducing basic services in ... developing countries (new service)

wireless telephony IP services

List of Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA) / WiMAX Service Providers http://www.bwiaserviceproviders.co

m/ Spain:

http://www.iberbanda.es/ http://www.clearwire.es/ http://www.neo-sky.com/

solving economical, technical and political issues in low density areas (‘digital divide‘)

nomadic / portable broadband services

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WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility

Nomadicity within WiMAX system Covered by 802.16REVd Non Real Time Service Continuity offered

Mobility within WiMAX system 802.16e (not yet fixed) Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility

Mobility in heterogeneous systems Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility 802.21 handoff group:

developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks

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10 Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America

Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene los datos de viento.

El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor opción para una regata óptima.

Problemas: Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a

diario. Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando

alejados de la costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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Propuesta

Implantación de un sistema Wimax. Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s. Distancias de hasta 8 km. Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h. Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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Campo de Regatas

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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Materiales

La Antena Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque

en nuestro caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo en el puerto de Valencia.

Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los 120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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Materiales (2)

La Estación Base Codificación y Decodificación de la señal. Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes

por otro. En nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por ONO.

Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax.

Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.

No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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Materiales (3)

Terminales Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los

puestos de trabajo. Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax. Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base. Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de

Wimax.

Sergio Duran – curso 20062007

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IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial

IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002(available on 802.16 web site)

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17 IEEE 802.20 MBWAan overview

MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002

To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps

Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless

voice and data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).

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The vision of the IEEE 802.20

WorkDomain

HomeDomain

SeamlessSeamlessUbiquitousUbiquitousExperienceExperience

MobileDomain

Portable Remote Access Services

Field Service Apps

Hotel/Motel

Portable ServicesMobile Commerce

Services

Mobile Office (Voice and Data Apps)

High BW Connectivity

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

PortableOffice

Reservations-Listings Directions Services

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps

Mobile BroadbandWireless Access

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IEEE 802.21

802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover mechanisms.

Some of the expectations Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks. Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing. Apply to both wired and wireless networks. Allow for use by multiple vendors and users. Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined

in the standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will be supported by the protocol

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Handover Detection & Handover Initiation

Handover Preparation

Handover Execution

Network Discovery

Network Selection

Service Discovery

• Network Activation Triggers• Information Discovery (Neighbor Graphs, Available Services)• User/Operator Policies

Layer 2 Connectivity

IP Connectivity

• Probes/Beacons, Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake

• DHCP, Duplicate Address Detection

Packet Reception

• Binding Update • Context Transfer

802.21 helps with Handover Initiation and Preparation,Handover Execution is outside scope of 802.21

Steps in (Multi-Radio) Heterogeneous Handovers

Scope of 802.21

Genesis for 802.21

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802.21: Media Independent Handovers

Value Proposition Maintain connectivity Lower power Anytime, Always, Best

connected Optimize Handovers

(WiFi<>WiMax<>Cellular) Network Discovery & Selection Session and Service continuity Device <> Network co-

operation Key work items

Link layer triggers Information Service Handover Commands MIH Function

802.21 MIH Function

Protocol and Device Hardware

APPLICATIONSVoIP/RTP

Connection Management

WLAN Cellular WMAN

L2 Triggers and Events

Information Service

Mobility Management Protocols

Smart Triggers Information Service

Power Management

Fast Handoff

Handover Policy

Handover Messages IE

EE

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2.2

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TF

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IEEE 802.22

Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) 802.22 is to define:

MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control PHY: Physical Layer specifications Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands

“This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-multipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”

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23 IEEE 802.22 – Planned Cognition

Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) Aimed at bringing broadband

access in rural and remote areas Takes advantage of better

propagation characteristics at VHF and low-UHF

Takes advantage of unused TV channels that exist in these sparsely populated areas (Opportunistic spectrum usage)

802.22 specifications TDD OFDMA PHY DFS, sectorization, TPC Policies and procedures for

operation in the VHF/UHF TV Bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz

Target spectral efficiency: 3 bps/Hz Point-to-multipoint system 100 km coverage radius

Devices Base Station (BS) Customer Premise Equipment

(CPE) Master/Slave relation

BS is master CPE slave

Max Transmit CPE 4W

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802.22: Cognitive Aspects

Observation Aided by distributed sensing (subscriber units return data to base) Digital TV: -116 dBm over a 6 MHz channel Analog TV: -94 dBm at the peak of the NTSC (National Television System

Committee) picture carrier Wireless microphone: -107 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth. Possibly aided by spectrum usage tables

Orientation Infer type of signals that are present

Decision Frequencies, modulations, power levels, antenna choice (omni and

directional)

Policies 4 W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Spectral masks, channel vacation times

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Mobile Broadband Technologies are Emerging

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Mobile Broadband Evolution

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later

LTE

DL: ~384KbpsUL: ~384Kbps

DL: ~14.4MbpsUL: ~5.76Mbps

DL: ~42MbpsUL: ~11Mbps

DL: ~141MbpsUL: ~50Mbps

HSPA+~100 ms~100 ms

~70 ms~70 ms

~45 ms~45 ms

~15ms~15ms3G-WCDMA

HSPA

Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency