REDD-Workshop MONITORING, ASSESSMENT AND ......The UN-REDD Programme encourage coordinated and...

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UN-REDD Programme United Nations Development Programme Working Paper 3 United Nations Environment Programme 2008

UN-REDD Programme

REDD-Workshop MONITORING, ASSESSMENT AND

VERIFICATION

16 - 17 September 2008

REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCC COP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond

The UN-REDD Programme, implemented by FAO, UNDP and UNEP, has two components: (i) assisting developing countries prepare and implement national REDD strategies and mechanisms; (ii) supporting the development of normative solutions and standardized approaches based on sound science for a REDD instrument linked with the UNFCCC. The programme helps empower countries to manage their REDD processes and will facilitate access to financial and technical assistance tailored to the specific needs of the countries.

The application of UNDP, UNEP and FAO rights-based and participatory approaches will also help ensure the rights of indigenous and forest-dwelling people are protected and the active involvement of local communities and relevant stakeholders and institutions in the design and implementation of REDD plans.

The programme is implemented through the UN Joint Programmes modalities, enabling rapid initiation of programme implementation and channeling of funds for REDD efforts, building on the in-country presence of UN agencies as a crucial support structure for countries. The UN-REDD Programme encourage coordinated and collaborative UN support to countries, thus maximizing efficiencies and effectiveness of the organizations’ collective input, consistent with the “One UN” approach advocated by UN members.

UN-REDD Programme contacts: Peter Holmgren Environment, Climate Change and Bioenergy Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [email protected] Tim Clairs Bureau for Development Policy, Environment Group United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) [email protected] Tim Kasten Division of Environmental Policy Implementation United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) [email protected] Website: www.undp.org/mdtf/un-redd (www.unredd.net under construction)

Disclaimer The UN-REDD Programme Working Paper Series is designed to reflect the activities and progress related to the Programme. These Working Papers are not authoritative information sources – they do not reflect the official position of FAO, UNDP or UNEP and should not be used for official purposes. The Working Paper Series provides an important forum for the rapid release of information related to the UN-REDD Programme. Should readers find any errors in the documents or would like to provide comments for improving their quality, they are encouraged to get in touch with one of the above contacts.

REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCC COP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond

The following Roadmap is current result of the Washington meeting. The latest version can always be found at http://redd.wetpaint.com as a

Wiki page and it will be also linked from the UN-REDD Programme web site.

• The purpose of the Roadmap is to provide an overview of the monitoring and verification needs of developing countries and the

international community, as well as activities planned and needed to make REDD monitoring and verification work.

• The Roadmap was set up by the UN-REDD Programme but is intended to serve and support the global community. The UN-REDD

Programme facilitates the processes and community participation, and everyone is invited to edit, update, and maintain this roadmap.

• The Roadmap is a living document and anyone can edit the Roadmap. Please add a new action item if you can't find it in the

Roadmap.

• Please add your activities, meetings, and initiatives that correspond to each action item in the Roadmap. If you are planning a REDD

event/meeting, please also add it to the REDD event calendar (available at http://redd.wetpaint.com)

The Roadmap is separated into the following broad categories.

• Data

• Tools

• Capacity building

• Coordination

• Infrastructure

• Co-benefits

• Field sampling

• Historical deforestation trends

• Historical degradation

• Future monitoring of degradation

• Verification

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Available methodologies, approaches and initiatives

Actions (already planned item in bold, national level

implementation in italic) Who? When?

Data: Access to remote sensing data for developing countries

Make access to Landsat data easier to all users

UN-REDD Programme,

UNEP?

others?

2009Q1

Make all Landsat data available for free1

USGS/NASA January, 2009

Make access to Landsat data easier through Google Earth

Clinton Foundation

Create comprehensive website with links to existing

databases and link it to UNFCCC REDD data page.

GOFC-GOLD

others? 2009Q1

Support access and use of China-Brazil Earth Resources

Satellite (CBERS2), data at least as interim solution until

new Landsat data is available

2008Q4

GEO Forest Monitoring Symposium3 with data providers for carbon estimates to discuss constraints, access schemes and cost implications

GEO 4-7 Nov, 2008

Identify and aggregate data needs of many countries for

higher resolution data for negotiation with data providers.

Clinton Foundation is doing it with Spot data for Brazil UN-REDD Programme

others?

2009Q1

Enhance process to ensure international coordination of

data supply, requirements and standards 2009Q2

• South-south cooperation

• others?

Identify availability of historical data periods for trends

analysis and make data available 2008Q4

1 http://landsat.usgs.gov/products_data_at_no_charge.php

2 http://www.cbers.inpe.br/en/index_en.htm

3 http://www.dpi.inpe.br/geoforest/

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TOOLS: Access to tools and development of tools for REDD monitoring and verification

Compile existing methodologies, manuals and standards,

for making better use of the existing information

UN-REDD Programme

Scientific community

GOFC-GOLD

others?

2009Q2 Access to tools

No currently available approaches?

Simplify access to tools: create free remote sensing REDD

monitoring toolbox.

UN-REDD Programme


GOFC-GOLD

others?

2009Q2

Tools for historical trends

Implement tools and methods for interpretation of

historical trends with particular attention to monitoring of

drivers.

UN-REDD Programme


GOFC-GOLD

others?

2009Q2

Tools for degradation assessments

(historical)

Estimate past levels of degradation at national level by

combining remote sensing areas affected by human

activities and ground observation of carbon density.

2009Q3

Explore applicability of existing methodologies to estimate

carbon stock changes from degradation

GOFC-GOLD

FAO

GEO

UNFCCC

others?

2009Q1

Develop new tools, if necessary 2009Q2

Develop and disseminate disturbance monitoring toolbox 2009Q3

Tools for future monitoring of

degradation

• UNFCCC Tokyo methodology

workshop4 presentations and

report

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook

• others?

Submit available tools to UNFCCC secretariat

2009Q2

4 http://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/lulucf/items/4289.php

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Expert meeting on forest degradation UNFCCC 20-21 Oct, 2008

GEO Forest Monitoring Symposium5 GEO 4-7 Nov, 2008

Coordinate degradation monitoring protocols 2009Q3

Provide input to the UNFCCC workshop and follow-up

actions to address needs and opportunities identified

during the UNFCCC workshop on degradation (Oct 2008),

e.g. second expert meeting if necessary

2008Q4

Tools for uncertainties assessments Develop tools and methods or estimating uncertainties on

monitoring and forest degradation. 2009Q2

Disseminate Landsat-based deforestation and forest

disturbance monitoring program to NGO, government and

academic institutions located in rainforest nations.

Carnegie Institution for Science6

2009Q2-2011Q4

Future ALOS7 missions on ecosystem structure planned (incl. Woods Hole)

Facilitate/engage research institutions on identification of

relevant topics for assessing carbon stock changes from

degradation for various forest types and support them

Bilateral cooperation to support

research

Woods Hole

others?

2009Q1

Tools for disturbance emission factors

Submit above degradation research report to UNFCCC

secretariat 2009Q2

Conduct studies on options to monitor co-benefits, ways to

incorporate on reporting process. UN-REDD Programme 2009Q1 Tools and methods to evaluate co-

benefits Develop methods and tools for monitor co-benefits. UN-REDD Programme 2009Q1

Expand sections on degradation in IPCC Guidelines IPCC 2009Q2 • Methodology guidelines IPCC

2003 GPG and 2006

Guidelines Elaborate further GOFC-GOLD sourcebook and feed later

into IPCC GPG and Guidelines

GOFC-GOLD

others? 2008Q4

5 http://www.dpi.inpe.br/geoforest/

6 http://asnerlab.stanford.edu/

7 http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/alos/index_e.html

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Capacity building: Coordinated approach for capacity building /technology transfer at national level for government/civil society

Raise REDD awareness and motivate countries UN-REDD Programme 2008Q4

CD-REDD initiative, global workshop GTZ, FAO, CfRN, etc

Organize similar workshops as global CD-REDD

workshop at regional and national level to motivate

countries

UN-REDD Programme 2009Q1

Assemble and disseminate information about ongoing

training programs, their purpose and timing

UN-REDD Programme

Forum on Readiness for REDD,

WHRC

others?

2008Q4

Develop national strategies and multi-stakeholder

consultation process for monitoring in the REDD context

National governments

UN-REDD Programme

others?

start 2008Q4, due 2009Q3

Assess national-level training needs National governments

UN-REDD Programme

others?

2008Q4

CB general

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook8

• FAO

• IPCC GPG9 and Guidelines

10

and training materials

• UNDP-UNEP Capacity

building project (CM)

• CfRN

• Brazil, South-South

cooperation

• others?

Define a planning schedule and process for countries’

national needs


UN-REDD Programme

others?

2008Q4

CB on IPCC GPG and Guidelines and

training materials

No currently available approaches? Provide dedicated, consistent REDD training programme

linking science with technology transfer

GOFC-GOLD/FAO/IPCC and

others

Link to UNDP training

programme on GHG inventories

others?


2009Q1

8 http://www.gofc-gold.uni-jena.de/redd/index.php

9 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html

10 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html

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support for governments?

Provide formal academic trainings in developing countries

(e.g. USAID)

Link to UNDP training

programme on GHG inventories

others?



2009Q1

Training of trainers for GHG inventories

IPCC provides only training materials others?

2009Q1

Strengthen regional centres in the application of RS for

REDD GOFC-GOLD 2009Q1

Develop manual/tutorials/standards for data collection,

monitoring, use of remote sensing, estimating carbon

stocks with regard to REL and future monitoring for

REDD

GOFC-GOLD

others? 2009Q1

Implement training on software usage for data processing,

data collection/processing/management for

national/international monitoring

FAO

CfRN

National governments others?

2009Q1

Draw lessons from existing experiences

GOFC-GOLD

FAO

others?

2008Q4

CB on remote sensing for REDD

• Regional network initiative

from GOFC-GOLD11

(e.g.

data harmonization)

• FRA201012

: 30-40 countries

involved in RS approach will

also get CB

• South-south collaboration,

strengthen partnerships

• others?

Brazil Amazon Fund from Norway – 20% (about 20 mil $) for transferring Brazilian REDD monitoring system to other countries

Brazil

Develop cost-effective and simple methodologies that

provide credible field data available

FAO



Countries assisting other

countries supported by donors

others?

2009Q1

CB for field sampling for REDD

• CDM methodologies

(UNFCCC),

• CDM experiences at project

level

• community level inventories Promote south-south cooperation 2008Q4

11

http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofc-gold/networks.html 12

http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra/en/

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Assess CDM to gather information and lessons learned 2008Q4 • The Nature Conservancy

(TNC) forest carbon projects

• others? Provide contributions to LULUCF Sourcebook

(Winrock)13

2009Q1

Provide legal support for monitoring systems to speed up

the process 2008Q4 CB on legal support

No currently available approaches? Organize trainings on legal support based on needs

assessment


others? 2009Q2

CB on GIS


Provide GIS trainings at national level (carbon inventory

as starting point, also useful for integrating cobenefits

etc.)


others? 2009Q2

South-south cooperation Convene follow-up meeting to focus on south-south

dialogue, exchange of experience and collaboration

ITTO could initiate/convene

others? 2009Q1

Indigenous people

Provide training for governments on implementation of the

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

(UNDRIP) (e.g., prior informed consent, resource rights,

etc)

2009Q2

Establish carbon accounting system National governments

Set up policies for REDD National governments

Strengthen institutional capacity for REDD National governments

Strengthen law enforcement and cooperation and

coordination between national agencies and links to

regional and international enforcement bodies, local

communities, indigenous groups, and NGOs.


CB at national level (general)

Carry out remote sensing and field inventories,

information management and analysis, and statistics

services, for both national and sub-regional levels.


13

http://carbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=News&ItemID=24669&NewsID=25900

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Inform stakeholders of monitoring and verification in the

broader REDD context National governments

Raise awareness (for e.g., traditional knowledge) and

gather information National governments

Build constituency and confidence National governments

Consider payment structures National governments

Create mechanism/process to link policy makers, resource

users/dependents, and scientists/experts to address

nationally specific questions and commission relevant

studies (e.g., linking land tenure, land management and

monitoring, participatory measurement)


Explore establishment of national REDD consultation

groups National governments

Plan inter-sectoral cooperation landscape National governments

Explore further opportunities for linking research and

policymaking regarding forest degradation National governments

CB at national level (stakeholders

process)

Guarantee overarching actions, including support for

implementation of a third party monitoring and

verification process, at national and international level, to

achieve transparency of the process


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Coordination: General coordination of REDD work internationally and within country

Strengthen coordination and communication among

existing and future REDD projects within country, e.g.,

Country level REDD coordination teams and strategy


others? 2009Q1

Strengthen coordination and communication amongst

existing and future REDD projects between countries,

including south-south cooperation.

2009Q1

Build on existing facilities to serve clearinghouse function

for M&V (e.g., Program for National Reporting under

UNFCCC?)

2009Q1

International and national coordination

• Program for National

Reporting under UNFCCC?

• Other currently available

approaches?

Create master calendar that tracks overall activities

planned for REDD from UN-REDD Programme and

related initiatives to best inform national engagement

UN-REDD Programme

others? 2009Q4

Incremental changes in carbon stock Clarification of proposals on how to include incremental

changes in carbon stocks in a future regime

UNFCCC

others? 2008Q4

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Infrastructure: Infrastructure including data, models, GIS, knowledge sharing system

Improve access to hardware, software, internet GEO

others? 2009Q3

Build infrastructure for RS, e.g., set up RS labs in each

country or create/strengthen regional RS centres start 2009Q1

• GEO-Netcast (*) system in

place (radio transmissions

where no internet connection)

• others?

Put in place infrastructure for communication with local

communities 2009Q2

(*) GEO-Netcast uses existing commercial telecommunications infrastructure to allow for the broadcast of Earth observation data streams, for on-demand access to

observation data upon user request, as well as for the collection of data from isolated sites and observatories.




Co-benefits: Create synergies with other monitoring needs; co-benefits. See also tools section

Synthesize lessons from existing monitoring efforts

relevant for REDD

UN-REDD Programme

others? 2009Q1

Review possibilities to include co-benefits (principles,

monitoring, standards) (see tools and methods) UN-REDD Programme 2009Q2 Any available initiatives?

Start with simple and flexible carbon monitoring system

and then later add more parameters (outside legally

binding agreement)

2008Q4

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Field sampling: Field sampling including uncertainties, conversion factors, compatibility with remote sensing data. See also capacity building and tools

Raise funding for field sampling 2009Q2

Develop mechanism to prioritize funding for different

kinds of field sampling 2009Q1

Quantification of field sampling

uncertainty and need for local

conversion factors (allometric equation,

etc)

• IPCC 2006 Guidelines as

default

• Site specific scientific research

• National government efforts

• others?

Support national field programme to quantify uncertainty

UN-REDD Programme

FAO

GEO

others?

2009Q1

Assess initiatives on field sampling towards synergy (e.g.,

sample plot size)

WB, ITTO, FAO, FLEGT14

(EU), FLEG15

(UNFF)

UN-REDD Programme to do

assessment

Remote sensing community

others?

2009Q1

Optimize compatibility where new inventories are going to

be established 2009Q3

Expert meeting to develop guidelines for inventory design

(statistics needs, RS needs, permanent sample plot system) 2009Q1

Complementarities of national data

from field sampling and remote sensing

• GEO, remote sensing

community

• Stratification of forest land

(with the help of RS) is key for

cost-efficient sampling

• others?

National REDD teams should look at the issue of

complementarities of national data


others? 2009Q2

14

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/flegt.htm 15

http://www.un.org/esa/forests/index.html

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Historical deforestation trends: Interpreting historical trends including identification and monitoring of past deforestation drivers. See also tools section.

Commission report from credible

international experts on current options

for various REL periods and pros/cons

learned from current activities, including

examples of applying options at pilot

country level.

UN-REDD Programme

others? report due 2009Q2

Workshop on Remote sensing sensors and systems available to measure and monitor tropical deforestation and degradation

Prince’s Rainforest Fund Oct 20-21, 2008

Continue research on implications of

different methods for RELs science community 2008Q4

• World Bank report "At Loggerheads?"16

• CIFOR experiences "Do trees grow on

money?"17

• Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA)

study18

• Project experiences from voluntary markets

• Global land project19

, Bibliography20

• others?

Address drivers of deforestation and , e.g.,

other sectors such as agriculture and

infrastructure policies and effect on

deforestation; consider inclusion of

demographic factors such as population

growth, trends, post-conflict rebounds


others? 2009Q1

16

http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTPRRS/EXTTROPICALFOREST/0,,menuPK:2463898~

pagePK:64168092~piPK:64168088~theSitePK:2463874,00.html 17

http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/Publications/Detail?pid=2347 18

http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/LITBANG/IFCA/ifca.htm 19

http://www.globallandproject.org/documents.shtml 20

http://www.globallandproject.org/documents.shtml and http://resweb.llu.edu/rford/docs/VGD/LUCC/addread.html

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Historical degradation: Establishing historic degradation emission factors including cost implications, accuracy, and causes. See also tools section.

Commission methodology report by recognized experts

about the current knowledge on forest degradations

UN-REDD Programme

FCPF

others?

report due 2009Q2

Special Study on Forest Degradation (planned) FAO

Review and synthesize existing studies of field/pilot cases 2009Q1

Conduct case studies to quantify emission factors for

different types of human intervention detectable by remote

sensing or other means (logging, shifting cultivation, fires,

pests/diseases), test the IPCC Guidelines and suggest

enhancements as needed (explore ways to include in pilot

country activities, e.g., FCPF/UN-REDD Programme)

2009Q2

• WRI (Bolivia, DRC,

Indonesia pilot project, Greg

Asner and Carlos Souza)

• Brazil

• ASB, ICRAF21

• GOFC/GOLD-Fire22

• IPCC GPG and

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook

• others?

Conduct demonstration projects for establishing historic

degradation emission factors including cost implications,

accuracy, and causes

GOFC-GOLD 2009Q1

21

http://www.asb.cgiar.org/ 22

http://gofc-fire.umd.edu/

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Future monitoring of degradation: Projects and methods for future monitoring of degradation including disturbed area by logging and fire, severity of events, biomass changes. See also tools section.

Explore applicability of existing methodologies in the field

more broadly

Carnegie Institution

Conservation

International/Imazon

(Indonesia)

Woods Hole Research Centre

FAO

INPE25

Indian Forest Service

GOFC-GOLD

Australia Sentinel26

Australia NCAS

others?

2009Q1

Conduct feasibility studies of estimating past degradation 2009Q1

Facilitate North-South and South-South cooperation 2009Q2

• Carnegie Institution for

Science

• Imazon

• Woods Hole Research Centre

• Japan (Forest Carbon Density

mapping, CB through Asia-

Pacific Network for Global

Change Research (APN))

• WRI

• South Dakota State Univ23

• Research programme funded

by NASA (e.g., SAFARI 2000

(The Southern African

Regional Science Initiative))

• GEO

• Australia National Carbon

Accounting System (NCAS)24

• others? Improve complementarities between field sampling and

burned area estimates by RS 2009Q3

23

http://globalmonitoring.sdstate.edu/ 24

http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ncas/index.html 25

http://www.inpe.br/ingles/index.php 26

http://sentinel.ga.gov.au/acres/sentinel/index.shtml

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Verification: Verification includes independent, apolitical review process, transparent methods and data for verifying national monitoring and reporting systems

Review existing experiences with CDM and Annex 1

countries for lessons learned to inform the development of

an international review process.

UN-REDD Programme

others? 2009Q1

Identify ways how to incorporate REDD needs in

UNFCCC independent review process for GHG

inventories

UNFCCC

others? 2009Q1

Establish and use independent data sets for verification and

make them available to countries (requires CB, well

documentation of methods and data, uncertainty estimates)

and also to NGOs, local communities

Data producers

research, legal and policy

institutes/NGOs (e.g. CIEL27

,

FIELD28

, Chatham house29

)

others?

2009Q2

Establish independent, transparent verification

group/committee/team on national emissions and carbon

stocks.


UNFCCC

others?

2009Q3

Convene international meeting on issues of governance,

transparency to provide NGOs and other institutions

meaningful input into process (possibly not limited to

monitoring)

USAID meeting in Latin America others?

2009?

Independent verification

Country-level case study on verification UN-REDD Programme

others? 2009Q2

Access by NGOs and local

communities to verification process


Improve communication with NGOs, local communities

and indigenous people through a national stakeholder

process

2009Q3

27

http://www.ciel.org/ 28

http://www.field.org.uk/ 29

http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/research/eedp/

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Political support Ensure political commitment, and legislative mandate, and

institutional arrangements. 2009Q2

Establish forest carbon/terrestrial accounting system

infrastructure 2009Q4

National registry links?

Link national data management infrastructure to forest law

enforcement including legal and regulatory instruments. 2009Q4

Ensure transparency in accountability 2009Q3

National level

Strengthen public access to data and mainstream forest

monitoring information in national statistics services. 2009Q2

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