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REDD+ in Brazil: status of Socio-environmental safeguards in public policies and private projectsBy: Marina Piatto, Junia Karst, Bruno Brazil, Maurício Voivodic
Today, in Brazil, there is the perception that the develop-
ment and implementation of REDD+ government pol-
icies and programs, both at federal and state levels, do
not happen in a homogeneous scenario, particularly with
respect to socio-environmental safeguards. In the same
context, the number of REDD+ projects from the private
sector validated by voluntary standards that require com-
pliance with socio-environmental criteria grows every year.
In turn, in the international arena, REDD+ programs and
safeguards have become the focus of greater attention
from governments and organizations, making it necessary
to develop parameters and operational information sys-
tems that are increasingly robust and able to monitor the
REDD+ program itself and the compliance with socio-en-
vironmental safeguards adopted in its design. Therefore, it
is of fundamental importance to make publicly available
the current status of REDD+ safeguards in the various
government initiatives and private projects in Brazil, so that
one can profit from the lessons learned during the different
phases of process improvement in order to achieve the
objectives of REDD+.
Based on the different REDD+’s arrangements existing
in the country, this document broadly Presents the results
of a study on the level of commitment related to socio-en-
vironmental safeguards of Brazilian policies, already im-
plemented or currently under implementation, and those
incorporated into REDD+’s projects, as they have been
implemented in practice. As a complement, this project
also tries to pin point the main sensitive aspects of each
initiative, so as to allow for the identification and under-
standing of common gaps, i. e., gaps present in all ini-
tiatives.
To this end, in addition to the analysis of publicly available
documents, the authors collected information and expe-
riences from states of the Amazon Region, organizations
and actors involved. This information was classified into
seven key components that are essential to the full com-
pliance of the safeguards, considering the provisions set
forth in three important documents on the subject: REDD
SES Initiative, Brazilian REDD+ safeguards, and Cancun
safeguards. This report is intended to be a tool to en-
courage continuous improvement of socio-environmental
safeguards, not only in policies, programs and projects
already implemented, but also in those that are in early
stages of the development process. The study also aims
to strengthen the engagement of civil society and the com-
mitment of federal and state governments in improving the
quality of the processes and monitoring activities in order
to ensure the effective and full compliance with socio-en-
vironmental safeguards in Brazil.
Perspective Imaflora
Climate
| November 2015 | Ed. 01 | Vol. 02
Climate
ASSESSMENT OF SAFEGUARDS IN REDD+ POLICIES
The analysis presented in this study was based on the safeguard principles and criteria of the three main safeguard
groups: REDD SES, Brazilian Safeguards and the Cancun Safeguards. The complementary aspects of the three docu-
ments were duly recognized and, together, they have formed a group, called “Essential Components of the Safeguard
Compliance”.
Policies, programs and national and state documents
related to REDD+ were analyzed in order to identify,
within its contents, aspects and guidelines to fit them
into the focus of each component. As the Amazon states
and national initiatives are at different stages of conception,
design and implementation of their REDD+ policies, this
study tried to identify sensitive points and relevant issues
present in their legal framework and established proce-
dures. In addition, this publication provides guidance to
future regulations or other processes dealing with safe-
guard compliance. Three national initiatives were ana-
lyzed: PNMC1, PL 225/20152 and ENREDD3, as well as
the status of development of REDD+ policies and pro-
grams in eight Amazon states: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas,
Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and Tocantins.
1. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2009/lei/l12187.htm
2. www.camara.gov.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=946086
3. www.gcftaskforce.org/documents/training/2014/brazil1/brazil_9.pdf
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
1. Rights to the land, territories and resources;
2. Equitable allocation of benefits;
3. Security and improvement in the quality of life and livelihoods of indigenous peoples, traditional communities and marginalized groups, with special attention to gender;
4. Governance;
5. Biodiversity and ecossystem services;
6. Participation and social control;
7. Legal Compliance.Brazilian
Safeguards
CancunSafeguards
REDD SES
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Safeguards included in the system and policy implemented
Safeguards included in the system, but policy has not been implemented
Safeguards in the initial stages of discussion; there are no related policies
No safeguard taken into consideration
National REDD+ StrategyDraft Bill No 225 of 2015 Amazonas, Amapá and Pará
AcreMato Grosso
RondôniaPNMCTocantins and Roraima
The result of the evaluation led to the classification of the
policies and the status of the Amazon states into four
levels of compliance and of inclusion of REDD+ safe-
guards, as shown in the figure presented below. Given
the alternation in government and in the teams responsible
for the REDD+ agenda in Brazil, in general, little prog-
ress has been observed in the debate about REDD+
safeguards at the federal and state levels, with the ex-
ception of the states of Acre and Mato Grosso. Thus, it is
important that the new government teams have access
to the information available on the status quo of REDD+
safeguards, so that they are able to provide continuity in
the ongoing processes.
On the other hand, in the international arena, REDD+
and its safeguards have become important issues, with
increasing attention from governments and observer or-
ganizations. At COP 20, in Lima, countries showed the
progress they have made, stressing the need for safe-
guards information systems that could be able to moni-
tor REDD+ programs, as well as the compliance with the
socio-environmental safeguards adopted in their design.
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National Policy on Climate Change - PNMC (Law No. 12.187/20094)1
As the document that sets forth the Brazilian targets
for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creates
sectoral plans for mitigation and adaptation to climate
change, the design of PNMC did not take into account,
in its content, socio-environmental safeguards. However,
as it uses integration of plans, programs and policies as
a strategy to reduce GHG from deforestation and to pro-
mote social development, PNMC created the support
base of what will be the REDD+ National Strategy
(ENREDD). In doing this, PNMC seeks to include civil
society in its structure with the objective of monitoring
the implementation of the law, via the Brazilian Forum
on Climate Change. However, it does not set a transver-
sal logic across all the plans and programs in order to
coordinate activities and to strategically lead them, in-
cluding, on all fronts, the vision of socio-environmental
safeguards.
1. www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2009/lei/l12187.htm
SAFEGUARDS IN REDD+ NATIONAL POLICIES
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SENSITIVE POINTS OF NATIONAL INITIATIVES
• Participation of populations and inclusion of the gender issue;
• Monitoring REDD+ impacts and actions, integrated into a Safeguards Information System;
• Regulation of instruments and programs set out in the state policies;
• Social participation in the consultative and deliberative spheres;
• Accessible communication channels, with up-to-date information, ensuring process transparency;
• Identification of conservation areas and high-value attributes for conservation;
• Integration between state agencies and federal government organisms.
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REDD+ National Strategy - ENREDD (December/2013 version)
The ENREDD draft document includes the integration
between the various sectoral policies (PPCDAM, PNGATI,
PRONAF etc.) and financial instruments (Amazon Fund)
in existing governance structures. When evaluated to-
gether, the actions proposed by ENREDD include the
essential guidelines to comply with the safeguards. How-
ever, there are some gaps related to gender and margin-
alized populations, definition of high-value conservation
areas, monitoring the strategy’s impacts, and benefit
sharing mechanisms. On the other hand, ENREDD still
has some loose ends to be fixed: definition of mech-
anisms to recognize and to incorporate state initiatives
already implemented and, also, to harmonize regulato-
ry proposals that are being analyzed by the House and
Senate. In practice, it is possible to note the mismatch
between policies and sectoral plans, which is an obstacle
in driving strategies to common goals. However, ENREDD
most sensitive point is the absence of an effective collab-
orative process to produce a document that will directly
focus on safeguarding transparency, and participation
control on the part of civil society. Given the complexity
and breadth of the subject, the public consultation peri-
ods have proved insufficient and unable to promote wide
dissemination among stakeholders, particularly among
their own state governments.
Proposed Bill No. 225/2015Rep. Ricardo Tripoli (in the making)
Based on PL 212 201152, by Senator Eduardo Braga,
and PL 195 20113, by Rep. Rebecca Garcia, the objective
of the analysis, PL No 225, features a more complete
text regarding safeguards than the other two, especially
2. www.senado.gov.br/atividade/materia/detalhes.asp?p_cod_mate=100082
3. www.camara.gov.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=491311
with regard to the rights of indigenous and traditional
peoples. This draft law objectively addresses the essen-
tial components, except for the issue of gender, rights of
marginalized populations and high-value conservation
areas. The largest gaps are related to the monitoring and
evaluation of system impacts, integration between
government agencies and official governance schemes,
and how to integrate them into a safeguard information
platform. The proposed bill is awaiting the opinion of
House committees, with no date scheduled for its approval.
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Acre - Incentives System for environmental services, SISA (Law No. 2.308/20104)
Always a pioneer in strategies for the sustainable use of the
forest, Acre is one of the pilot states in implementing the
VCS JNRI5 system and socio-environmental safeguards
standards based on the REDD+ SES initiative. With
the implementation of the SISA – ISA Carbon program,
the state entered the REDD Early Movers program and
attracted financial resources to enhance the SISA, giving
priority to socio-environmental safeguards. Although the
REDD+ state program is equipped with well established
governance structures that promote social participation,
Acre faces obstacles common to all units of the
Federation that relate to the full and effective involvement
of different stakeholders in its activities. This is due to
logistical barriers and insufficient resources to enhance
the collective construction of planned programs and
projects. In this context, the periodic evaluation of the
representativeness of civil society in deliberative bodies
can be an important tool to ensure the representativeness,
among other actors, of indigenous peoples and traditional
and local populations. It can also improve the integration
of mechanisms and procedures to put into operation
a safeguard information system that would be able to
provide up-to-date information in order to ensure the
transparency specified by the legislation.
4. www.imc.ac.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/cba11f804e8d3801b88cfb7a81aad 2ff Lei2308_1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
5. (Verified Carbon System – Jurisdictional and Nested REDD+)
Mato Grosso - REDD+ System (Law No. 9.878 /20136)
The Mato Grosso REDD+ system is being implemented
and, therefore, most of the instruments and structures
are still in the discussion phase for future regulation. In
parallel, the socio-environmental safeguards indicators
for the state, developed on the basis of the REDD+ SES
initiative, are undergoing a consultation and analysis
process, while the safeguard information system is
being constructed. However, it was possible to identify
the presence of the essential components to objectively
meet socio-environmental safeguards in the entire
content of the law. The main sensitive points identified
focus on the need of regulation and process completion
in order to allow the identification of beneficiaries
and actions for biodiversity and ecosystem service
conservation actions. In addition, it is necessary to
disseminate clear and effective procedures for FPIC,
ensuring representation of different indigenous groups
and traditional and local populations in the discussion
spaces. There is no clear definition yet of how impact
monitoring will be carried out and how the integration of
existing structures into a safeguard information system
will be achieved.
6. www.sema.mt.gov.br/index.php?option=com content&view=article&id=1968& Itemid=734
REDD+ STATE POLICIES SAFEGUARDS IN THE AMAZON REGION
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Amazonas - Proposed Bill (October/2015 version)
Due to the Bolsa Floresta (Forest Grant) Program, Am-azon was the pioneer state in the discussion and in the development of actions that promote sharing of financial benefits among actors that contribute to forest conserva-tion in protected areas. In 2015, the restructuring of SDS7 , with the extinction of the operational units of the climate change department, caused the disruption of efforts re-lated to the REDD+ system in the Amazon state. Howev-er the new Secretariat for the Environment (SEMA8) main-tains the discussion of the proposed legislation as one of its main priorities. In a comprehensive way, this draft bill deals with various environmental services, beyond car-bon, and includes, in general, all components to meet the safeguards. Among the various sensitive points, it is understood that there is a need for defining clear proto-cols for FPIC and for ensuring an effective and represen-tative dialogue space with forest peoples and civil soci-ety, especially with regard to system governance. Issues such as the monitoring of impacts and their integration into a SIS platform are still unclear. In addition, subjects such as the rights of marginalized populations, gender issues and the identification of high-value conservation areas have not been addressed. However, the proposed legislation establishes the obligation to adopt, in its im-plementation, existing and accepted socio-environmen-
tal principles and criteria. 7. Amazonas State Secretariat of Sustainable Development
8. Amazonas State Secretariat of Environment
Amapá - Proposed Bill (November/2013 version)
Without a set date for approval, the proposed legislation
that establishes the Amapá State System of PSA (Pay-
ments for Environmental Services) still has to undergo revi-
sions because of the newly-elected state representatives.
The participation of civil society in the Climate Change
Forum is quite limited, since few institutions work directly
in the state. On the other hand, there is the challenge of
engaging traditional populations in the formulation of the
PSA process. The main points of this draft legislation deal
with the need to identify beneficiaries, with clear proce-
dures for FPIC in order to define the actions to improve the
quality of life of the populations. In this context, ensuring
the effective participation of civil society in the decision
making processes in collegiate bodies, and the establish-
ment of channels for dialogue with stakeholders could be
enhanced. Moreover, there should be channels available
to provide transparency to the information stored in the
system. As with other initiatives, there is no mention of
gender issues, marginalized populations and high-value
conservation areas. In addition, there is no clarity on how
system impacts will be monitored and how they could be
integrated into a SIS platform.
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Pará - State Initiatives
Despite the fact that it does not have a specific policy
on climate change and REDD+, the state of Pará has
conducted actions that reflect efforts to maintain the re-
duction of deforestation in its territory. Some examples:
i) Prevention, Control and Alternatives to Deforesta-
tion Program in the State of Pará (PPCAD / PA); ii) the
Green ICMS (green tax) and the Green Cities Program
(PMV), bringing, as proposed, local development, biodi-
versity conservation and reduction in deforestation. Such
mechanisms are an important step towards the imple-
mentation of incentive policies for environmental ser-
vices and REDD+. When one takes a general look at
the PMV and the Green ICMS programs in the context of
safeguards, the conclusion is that they meet the commit-
ment to transparency, participation and social control by
the State Environmental System, which is composed of
SEMAS, IDEFLOR-Bio and the PMV.
Tocantins - State Initiatives
The State of Tocantins is in initial discussions of state
policies for PSA and REDD+ process. Tocantins seeks
to strengthen the discussion of REDD+ in its territory,
through the recent reactivation of the State Forum on
Climate Change1 and the hiring of expert advice to develop
the State Policy on Environmental Services and Payment
for Environmental Services, and also to reshape the State
Policy on Climate Change. Due to the initial process of
development of state initiatives in Tocantins, relevant
issues, such as socio-environmental safeguards have not
yet been discussed in depth.
Rondônia - State Initiatives
The state of Rondônia is home to the first REDD+ project
on indigenous lands, the Forest Carbon Project Suruí. The
involvement of the state’s indigenous people in the topic
presents a promising scenario for the inclusion of local
people in the construction of policies. Along this line, the
state directed efforts to build the State Policy on Climate
Change and Ecosystem Services that will take the Brazilian
safeguards indicators as a base model. In fact, Rondônia
1. Decreto nº 1.917 de 18 de Abril de 2007
entered into strategic partnerships with specialized
institutions in REDD+ to conduct leveling workshops,
offered to representatives of economic sectors, traditional
and indigenous peoples and rubber tappers, in order to
prepare these players for the public consultations on the
text of the proposed law now being formulated. On the
other hand, some parallel processes, with targets to be
reached in 30 years, are occurring with the objective of
developing PES and REDD+ in Rondônia, as the state’s
inclusion in the GCF2 and the organization of a state plan
for sustainable development.
Roraima - State Initiatives
Among all Amazon states, Roraima has the lowest level
of policy development related to climate change, REDD+
and PSA. It does not have a State Forum on Climate
Change and has no short term perspective to develop poli-
cies on the subject. However, led by the Indigenous Coun-
cil of Roraima (CIR), discussions are being held on climate
change and REDD+. In fact, a number of seminars and
meetings to discuss the issue were held in 2014, which
culminated in a letter on climate change that expresses the
concerns and perceptions of state indigenous groups, in
addition to requesting support to address the issue3.
2. www.gcftaskforce.org
3. www.cir.org.br©
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BARRIERS TO OVERCOME - Policies
It is imperative that the federal government adopt a more open and favorable stance to the participatory construction
of ENREDD, involving the states and civil society in the development and alignment of initiatives from other sectors.
To this date, there have been consultations with specific groups to build the safeguards information summary.
However, the consultation process was not sufficiently transparent, continuous and inclusive to ensure the full
breadth that a national REDD+ strategy should address. At the same time, the proposals described in ENREDD
do not recognize the REDD+ state initiatives, nor the experiences accumulated in the states. This lack of synergy
between the national strategy and state programs makes REDD+ mechanisms even more difficult to access, with
results much lower than the established goals. Without a shared strategy, issues such as participation, benefit
sharing, equity, permanence and additionality, remain misaligned in the different spheres of government. The
strategy could also recognize private sector initiatives seeking zero deforestation for commodity production chain,
as well as supporting the demarcation of new Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units, as an incentive to keep
the forest cover. The integration of ENREDD into the different spheres of government, linked to greater synergy
between the initiatives of the private sector, can increase the efficacy of impacts and improve the collaboration of
the different actors of civil society.
Integration between National and State Initiatives:
By analyzing the construction processes of REDD+ programs, one can identify, in most cases, gaps in the
participation of civil society. In many cases, governments tend to center the discussion on bodies or in representative
bodies, without evaluating their degree of representativeness. It is necessary to conduct periodic evaluations, with
clear parameters, to determine whether such instances have depicted the various indigenous groups, traditional
communities, women, marginalized populations and other relevant spheres. In the specific case of state initiatives,
the difficulty in ensuring the broad participation of stakeholders, due to the limited logistics and high cost of the
process, becomes quite apparent. The integration between the federal and state actions can show a positive and
effective alternative to promote the full participation of representatives of these two government levels. In general, it is
perceived as necessary, the creation of transparency mechanisms and skilled processes of FPIC, with the expansion
of communication channels. The language must be appropriate to the public consultation and the consultation goals
must be fully explained to participants. It is of fundamental importance that all stakeholders understand how their
comments will be incorporated into the process and what the next steps are. The expansion of dialogue channels
should also help monitoring the socio-environmental impacts arising from the REDD+ actions.
The policies do not define clearly the mechanisms and parameters to be used in monitoring the impacts of system
actions and compliance with safeguards. In order to use the existing governance structure in this monitoring effort, it
is necessary to understand which organisms affect REDD+ programs in a relevant way, so that lower cost, integrated
operational systems can be designed. Such monitoring should be part of a safeguard information platform, but so far,
how such integration may occur has not been defined.
Monitoring:
Transparency and Participation of Civil Society:
Climate
SAFEGUARDS IN REDD+ PROJECTS
In a multifaceted political scene, where there are public
policies in different stages of construction, there are
currently 16 REDD+ projects developed by the private
sector.
Such projects have been implemented over the region
known as “arc of deforestation” in the Amazon Region,
stretching from northwestern Maranhão to the states of
Rondônia and Acre. This region is characterized by the
transformation of the landscape due to the advance of
the agricultural frontier. REDD+ projects are also found
in private and public lands in areas under forest man-
agement, as well as in indigenous lands and protected
areas, such as sustainable development reserves and
extractive reserve areas.
The design of private projects for REDD+ is guided by
the demands of the voluntary carbon market. Therefore,
in Brazil, the majority of these projects follow the VCS
methodology to quantify avoided deforestation, and
at the same time, the standards used to evaluate
environmental aspects, such as CCBA, FSC, and Social
Carbon. The analysis of these projects shows that, in
general, they seek community engagement; include
FPIC and generate benefits to biodiversity and to local
communities. The mechanisms for fair and equitable
sharing of the benefits have the purpose of developing
sustainable production chains, in order to ensure that the
resources invested will generate income in the medium
and long term. All 16 projects declare compliance with
applicable laws, treaties, international conventions and
labor laws.
REDD+ projects, located in states that already have
established their programs, must register and align itself
to state guidelines. Registration is important to avoid
double counting of carbon credits and for government
and civil society to become aware of project objectives
and its safeguards. Those states that have not yet
developed their mechanisms for registering private
projects must establish proper criteria that takes into
consideration socio-environmental safeguards and their
continuous monitoring. The demand for highly credible
and internationally recognized certifications can help
ensure social participation, benefits to biodiversity and the
local community, benefit sharing and legal compliance.
Registration of projects in government systems:
1 Russas and Valparaiso
2 Envira
3 Purus
4 Juruá and Caruauari
5 Amazon Rio
6 RDS do Juma
7 Resex Rio Preto Jacundá
8 Suruis
9 Santa Maria
10 Jari
11 ADPML
12 RMDLT
13 Ecomapuá
14 IWC
15 Cikel
16 Maísa
Amazonas
Acre
Pará
Amapá
Roraima
Mato Grosso
TocantinsRondônia
13
14
15
16
10
11
12
8 9
5
6
7
4
12
3
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Project State Area (ha) System/Status Learn about the project (project site)
Jari Amapá AP 65.980 FSC - CertifiedVCS - ValidatedCCB - Being developed
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/project_details/1115
ADPML Portel/Pará PA 148.974,80 CCB - ValidatedVCS - Verified
http://www.climate-standards.org/2012/07/02/adpml-portel-para-redd-project/
RMDLT Portel/Pará PA 177.899 CCB - ValidatedVCS - Certified
http://www.climate-standards.org/2012/07/02/rmdlt-portel-para-redd-project/
REDD+ Cikel PA 27.434,90 FSC - CertifiedVCS - Validated
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/project_details/832
REDD+ Ecomapuá PA 4.253,14 Social CarbonVCS - Verified
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/project_details/1094
IWC Brazilian Grouped REDD+
PA 18.101,00 FSC - Being developedVCS - Being developed
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/pipeline_details/PL1027
REDD+ Maísa PA 28.752,00 FSC - Being developedVCS - VerifiedCCB - Validated
http://www.climate-standards.org/2014/04/30/maisa-redd-project/
REDD+ Amazon Rio
AM 20.387 CCB - Being developedVCS - Being developed
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/pipeline_details/PL1147
REDD+ Juruá e Carauari
AM 1.362.119 CCB - Being developed
http://www.climate-standards.org/2013/01/30/the-jurua-and-carauari-redd-project/
REDD RDS Juma AM 589.612 CCB - Being validatedVCS - Being developed
http://www.climate-standards.org/2008/07/15/the-juma-sustainable-development-reserve-project-reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-deforestation-in-the-state-of-amazonas-brazil/
Florestal Sta Maria MT 71.714 FSC - CertifiedVCS - Verified
http://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/project_details/875
REDD+ Resex Rio Preto/Jacundá
RO 95.300 VCS - Being developedCCB - Being developed
Informação não disponível
Carbono Florestal Suruí
RO 31.994 VCS - VerifiedCCB - Being verified
http://www.climate-standards.org/2011/10/17/surui-forest-carbon-project/
Envira AC 39.3000 CCB - Being developedVCS - Being validated
http://www.climate-standards.org/2014/10/21/envira-amazonia-project/
Purus AC 34.702 CCB - VerifiedVCS - Verified
http://www.climate-standards.org/2012/10/20/the-purus-project-a-tropical-forest-conservation-project-in-acre-brazil/
Russas e Valparíso AC 65.000 CCB - VerifiedVCS - Verified
http://www.climate-standards.org/2013/07/18/the-russas-project/http://www.climate-standards.org/2013/07/18/the-valparaiso-project/
REDD+ projects, located in states that already have
established their programs, must register and align itself
to state guidelines. Registration is important to avoid
double counting of carbon credits and for government
and civil society to become aware of project objectives
and its safeguards. Those states that have not yet
developed their mechanisms for registering private
projects must establish proper criteria that takes into
consideration socio-environmental safeguards and their
continuous monitoring. The demand for highly credible
and internationally recognized certifications can help
ensure social participation, benefits to biodiversity and the
local community, benefit sharing and legal compliance.
Learn about the projects
Climate
CONCLUSION
As we look back at our national and state policies about REDD+ and at REDD+ projects established by the private
sector, we realize that there was a significant advance in the adoption of socio-environmental safeguards in Brazil. Now
that humankind is worried about climate change and depletion of natural resources, the fact that the importance of
the standing forest and its dwellers is finally being recognized has global relevance. The challenge of organizing land
use in the Brazilian territory, improve governance and ensure social participation is immense. However, the lessons
learned with the accumulated experience in implementing REDD+ actions in the various Brazilian states and also in
private sector REDD+ projects are a positive factor towards the continuous improvement of their systems and strategies
and also towards the creation of new policies and projects. It is important to recognize the pioneer character of those
initiatives as well as to aim at enhancing their mechanisms.
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Marina Piatto | Coordinator, IMAFLORA´s Climate and Agriculture Initiative | [email protected]
Junia Karst Caminha Ruggiero | Assistant, IMAFLORA´s Forest Certification | [email protected]
Bruno Brazil de Souza | Coordinator, IMAFLORA´s Climate Change and Environmental Services | [email protected]
Maurício Voivodic | IMAFLORA´s Executive Secretary | [email protected]
Institute of Agricultural and ForestManagement and Certification - ImafloraEstrada Chico Mendes, 185 | +55 19 3429.080013426-420 | Piracicaba - SP | [email protected] | www.imaflora.org
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