REDD and Governance Challenges in Indonesia
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Transcript of REDD and Governance Challenges in Indonesia
REDD and Governance Challenges in Indonesia
Iman Santoso
Center for Socio-economic and PolicyForest Research and Development
Indonesia’s Commitment
• September 2007: the President of Indonesia initiated a declaration of the world’s major tropical rainforest nations which undertakes to slow, stop and reverse forest loss
• IFCA: a group of national/international experts on forest management, carbon and governance funded by the World Bank, the British, Australian & German Governments.
Key elements examined by the IFCA
A baseline • Strategies to reduce emissions & to
ensure their permanence; • Means of monitoring & verifying
emissions reductions, and preventing leakage;
• REDD markets/financing; • Mechanisms to manage and
distribute paymentsAll element need better governance
Governance Challenges
Minimize deforestation and degradation• Spatial plan : implementation and leakages• Poverty, illegal activities & Law enforcement •FEWS and the role of forest: rational forest land allocation vs. optimal forest land uses•Infrastructures
Get better Price & Market of Carbon• Opportunity cost : could it be compensated ?• Related costs : transaction costs• Price, Equality and Fair Benefits
Spatial Plan• Act 1992 development oriented 2007• Act 2008 gives first emphasis to environment
safety• Macro plan at provincial and district level• Indicative land allocation (incl. forest areas)• Misperception: Review vs. Revision : state
capture
Spatial Plan
• Planned and governed forest conversion (around 70% of oil palm plantations have replaced forest and resulted in above ground emission.
• Unplanned and illegal conversion
Poverty, Illegal Activities & Law Enforcement
No sufficient job opportunity: subsistence agriculture
Different perception on legality of timber
Insecure Forest Land Tenure : conflict over land uses
Administrative corruption
Ineffective law enforcement
Food, Energy and Water Scarcity• Forest areas covering 59% of total
land• Some are indicated as suitable for
food production and protect soil and water system
• Micro and detailed soil assessment is needed
• Forest management units have not been established
Others • Technical capacity• Data availability• Independent assessor
Compensate opportunity cost ?• The existing land uses are
seen to be promising (Oil palm, pulp & paper ….. )
• High transaction and implementation costs of REDD
• Time lag before payments are made
• Long term perspectives
Thank you
Ministry of Forestry