RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY REPORT...RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY REPORT 2011-2012 August 2012 ISSN...

RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY REPORT

2011-2012

August 2012 ISSN Print 1179 8513

ISSN On Line 2230 4894 EMT 12/12

HBRC plan No.4383

Resource Management Group

Environmental Science

Recreational Water Quality Report 2011-2012 Recreational Water Quality Monitoring Programme

Prepared by: Shane E. Gilmer Technician Coastal Water Quality and Ecology

……………………………………………….. Signature:

Reviewed by: Oliver Wade Scientist, Coastal Quality

……………………………………………….. Signature:

Approved: Neale Hudson, Manager, Environmental Science

……………………………………………….. Signature:

August 2012 ISSN Print 1179 8513

ISSN On Line 2230 4894 EMT 12/12

HBRC plan No. 4383

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The recreational water quality monitoring programme is an annual summer programme undertaken by the Hawke’s Bay Regional Council. During the 2011/12 season, the microbiological water quality of 36 popular bathing areas was assessed. Water samples collected at these monitoring sites were analysed on a weekly basis to assess faecal bacteria contamination. The results were compared with the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) and Ministry of Health (MoH) Microbiological Water Quality Guidelines (2003). Trends in water quality over time were also analysed. The sites include popular marine and freshwater bathing locations. In addition, seven shellfish sites were monitored to determine the suitability of water quality for gathering and consumption of shellfish. The sites can be distinguished as follows: Fifteen marine sites (Enteroccoci bacteria) Five freshwater rivers (Escherichia coli bacteria) Twelve estuarine/brackish sites (Enteroccoci, Escherichia coli bacteria) One freshwater lake (Escherichia coli bacteria) Seven estuarine/coastal sites for shellfish gathering (Faecal coliforms) All sites were monitored on a weekly basis (except for the Clive River and Puhokio Stream, which were monitored fortnightly) to assess their suitability for contact recreation and shellfish gathering. Ten marine sites were compliant with both ‘Green’ and ‘Red’ thresholds. The results indicated that heavy and sustained rainfall can influence the water quality at marine sites. The exceedances of bacterial guideline thresholds are short-lived. In general, marine sites have a high standard of water quality suitable of contact recreation. Four of the five river sites were compliant below the ‘Red’ threshold. The Tukituki River at Walker Rd site achieved 100% compliance with both ‘Amber’ and ‘Red’ guideline values throughout the season. This season eight of the twelve estuarine sites were tested for both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and enterococci to ensure the correct indicator bacteria were used. Selection of indicator organism is determined by the salinity of the water. Three sites out of twelve were 100% compliant with ‘Red’ threshold E. coli, and ‘Red’ threshold enterococci values. Lake Tutira was monitored for cyanobacteria on a fortnightly basis and E. coli weekly throughout the summer. Over the duration of the season cyanobacteria numbers were very low and the lake was 100% compliant with action E. coli threshold. However, the first case of Cercarial dermatitis (duck itch) in Hawke’s Bay region was recorded on Boxing Day, 2011. Two of the seven shellfish gathering sites monitored in Hawke’s Bay were compliant with Ministry for the Environment guideline values.

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Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... i

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Legislative Responsibility ............................................................................................. 1

1.2 MfE and MoH Guidelines ............................................................................................. 2

1.3 Annapolis Protocol and Beach Grading ....................................................................... 3

1.4 Recommendations from the 2010/11 report and the actions in the 2011/12 season .... 3

2 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Sampling ..................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Sampling Sites............................................................................................................. 4

2.3 Indicator Bacteria ......................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................. 6

3 Rainfall Summary ............................................................................................................... 7

4 Results ............................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Marine recreational sites .............................................................................................. 8

4.2 Freshwater recreational sites ..................................................................................... 10

4.3 Estuarine sites and freshwater sites (with a tidal influence) ....................................... 11

4.4 Trend results ............................................................................................................. 14

4.5 SFRG ........................................................................................................................ 16

4.6 Shellfish Gathering Sites ........................................................................................... 18

5 Casestudy: Lake Tutira .................................................................................................... 20

5.1 ‘Duck itch’ (Cercarial dermatitis) ................................................................................ 20

5.2 Cyanobacteria ........................................................................................................... 20

6 Casestudy: Puhokio Stream ............................................................................................. 21

7 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 22

7.1 Marine sites ............................................................................................................... 22

7.2 Fresh water and estuarine sites ................................................................................. 22

7.3 Shellfish sites ............................................................................................................ 22

8 Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 24

9 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 25

10 References..................................................................................................................... 26

11 Appendices........ ............................................................................................................ 27

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List of abbreviations HBRC Hawke’s Bay Regional Council MfE Ministry for the Environment MoH Ministry of Health PHU Public Health unit DHB District Health Board TLA’s Territory local authorities CFU Colony forming units MPN Most probable number SFRG Suitability for recreation grade

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1 INTRODUCTION

Within Hawke’s Bay there are a variety of coastal areas, lakes and rivers that are frequently used for a range of recreational activities. However, the suitability of these resources for contact recreation can be compromised through contamination by human and animal faecal matter, which may carry harmful pathogens1. In order to monitor the risk associated with contact recreation, Hawke’s Bay Regional Council (HBRC) undertakes an annual recreational water quality monitoring programme in collaboration with Territorial Local Authorities (TLA’s) and the Public Health Unit of the Hawke’s Bay District Health Board (PHU). Monitoring of bacteriological water quality is carried out at 36 sites commonly used for contact recreation. The results are then compared to MfE and MoH guidelines (2003). The aims of the programme are to:

Determine the suitability of the coastal, estuarine and freshwater sites for recreational use.

Provide information to assist with safeguarding public health and the environment.

Compare the current water quality with that of previous seasons.

Provide a baseline for future research.

Identify problems and target investigations to those areas requiring mitigation, remediation or further research.

Assess the suitability of shellfish gathering sites in terms of human health risks associated with the consumption of shellfish.

1.1 Legislative Responsibility The Resource Management Act (1991) and the Health Act (1956) define the monitoring required to assess the water quality of areas used for contact recreation and the harvesting of shellfish. The responsibility for overseeing these acts is shared between Regional Councils, TLAs and the District Health Boards (DHB). The Regional Council has taken responsibility as the lead agency for this monitoring within Hawke’s Bay. HBRC undertakes all routine monitoring and facilitates follow-up sampling when necessary. The TLAs are responsible for erecting warning signs and undertaking sanitary surveys when required. The PHU, through its health protection officers and Medical Officer of Health, is responsible for informing the public through media and local signage when an exceedance of the guidelines (2003) has occurred. Updated results are also available from the 0800 B4U Swim telephone line, and the HBRC website (www.hbrc.govt.nz).

1 These can include gastro-enteritis, respiratory illnesses, Hepatitis A, giardiasis, cryptosporidium, campylobacterosis, and salmonellosis (MfE and MoH, 2003).

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1.2 MfE and MoH Guidelines All sampling and evaluation of results was undertaken in accordance with the ‘Microbiological Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Freshwater Recreational Areas 2003’ (MfE and MoH, 2003) (Table 1). Table 1: Water quality guideline values and indicator organisms used to assess marine and freshwater recreational areas (MfE/MoH, 2003)

Marine Water Freshwater Shellfish gathering waters

Response Level Enterococci CFU/100 mL

E. coli CFU/100 mL

Faecal coliforms MPN/100 mL

Single Sample Single sample ( over season) Surveillance/Green Mode <140 <260

Alert/Amber Mode 140 - 280 260 - 550

Action/Red Mode >280* >550

Seasons results Median level not exceeding

14/100 mL and 10% of samples not exceeding

43/100 mL CFU = Colony forming units on an agar plate. MPN = Most probable number. When water quality falls within the limits of the ‘surveillance mode’ (henceforth known as ‘Green’ mode), the risk of contracting an illness from bathing is acceptable. If the water quality falls into the ‘alert’ category (henceforth known as ‘Amber’ mode) there is an increased risk of illness, but this risk is within the acceptable range. This result signals to agencies a requirement to conduct follow up sampling of the site to determine whether contamination levels have increased to the ‘action’ level (henceforth known as ‘Red’ mode). For water quality to enter the red mode, two circumstances would exist:

for marine sites the HBRC has decided a single sample >280 enterococci CFU/100 mL warrants red mode status, while

for fresh water resources, a single sample result in excess of 550 E. coli CFU/100 mL would trigger this response.

In either circumstance, the water is considered to pose an unacceptable health risk to bathers. At this point, signs are erected at the bathing site, and the public are informed that it is unsafe to swim at that site. The recreational shellfish-gathering bacteriological guideline values are obtained from the MfE and MoH Guidelines (2003, section: F). The guidelines state that:

the season median faecal coliform concentration should not exceed 14 MPN/100 mL, and that

no more than 10% of samples per season should exceed 43 MPN/100 mL.

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1.3 Annapolis Protocol and Beach Grading The MfE and MoH guidelines (2003) use risk-based management of recreational bathing waters. This is done by combining an assessment of the potential inputs of adjacent land use and contaminated water to a site with an assessment of the historical monitoring results from the site to generate a ‘Suitability For Recreation Grade’ (SFRG). These grades are described with site specific information in Section 5.5 and reference to the national framework in appendix 2. They may be used to advise the public of the most suitable sites for swimming and other recreational activities.

1.4 Recommendations from the 2010/11 report and the actions in the 2011/12 season That follow-up exceedance sampling for freshwater sites only be undertaken where the cause of the exceedance cannot be attributed to rainfall.

Re-sampling only undertaken when rainfall < 8 mm/72 hrs

Monthly reporting to be continued, showing the percentage compliance for freshwater, estuarine and marine sites, circulated internally and made available to the public via the regional council’s website (www.hbrc.govt.nz).

The monthly report was circulated via the Trends magazine which is emailed out to a public mailing list and is available on the info stand in the HBRC building foyer and website. The HBRC B4USWIM website was updated weekly,

The Pandora Pond site should be monitored as a marine site.

The Pandora Pond was monitored as a marine site and the conductivity measured on each visit to confirm this status.

There should be investigation into the Puhokio Stream, Waipatiki lagoon, Porangahau River and Clive River using faecal source tracking dependent on available funding.

The Puhokio stream was investigated to determine the influence of wool shed placement on the bacteriological concentrations under different flow conditions. Porangahau River and Clive River were not investigated due to low bacteria levels throughout the season.

For the full list of recommendations please refer to Appendix 9.

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http://www.hbrc.govt.nz/

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Sampling There are thirty six sample sites in Hawke’s Bay region; the location of these sites are shown in Figure 1. These sites are commonly used for recreational purposes that include swimming, water skiing, rowing, diving, fishing, surfing and kaimoana gathering.

Sampling was undertaken on a weekly basis with the exception of Clive River and Puhokio Stream. These two sites were sampled fortnightly due to the fact that they have permanent signs erected and have a ‘Very Poor’ SFRG.

Sampling was scheduled for Monday of each week for a twenty week period over the summer season, November to March. Samples were collected in accordance with the sampling procedures outlined in sections D2 and E2 of the MfE and MoH guidelines (2003) and kept on ice until laboratory analysis. Associated environmental information was collected for each site at the time of sampling, including temperature, turbidity, conductivity and the number of people present.

When sample results exceeded guideline values for freshwater sites, the rainfall data for that particular catchment was reviewed. If cumulative rainfall of >8 mm was recorded at any of the catchment rainfall station(s) over the preceding 72 hrs then the exceedance was deemed rainfall related and follow up sampling was not required. This is because research has shown that bacterial levels return to green mode levels three days after heavy rain (Stansfield, 2002). Where exceedances were not related to rainfall (<8 mm/72 hrs) follow up sampling was conducted.

Follow up sampling was conducted for all exceedances in marine waters, regardless of antecedent rainfall in accordance with MfE & MoH guidelines (2003).

Lake Tutira is sampled weekly for bacteria and fortnightly for cyanobacteria.

The results of the sampling programme are available from the PHU ‘0800 B4U Swim’ telephone line and the B4U Swim tab on the HBRC website.

2.2 Sampling Sites The monitoring sites are selected if they fulfil one of the following criteria:

It is popular for recreation;

It falls within an area classified as ‘Contact Recreation’ under the Regional Coastal Environmental Plan (HBRC, 2008);

It will provide information useful when determining the state of the environment

It will provide data useful for identify trends in coastal, estuarine and fresh water quality

Selection of the site has the approval of the TLA’s and the Hawke’s Bay DHB.

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The majority of these sites experience peak usage over a 2-6 week period around Christmas and New Year. During this period, the size of the adjacent communities can increase by several orders of magnitude, leading to associated water quality problems. Full individual site descriptions can be found in Appendix 1.

Figure 1: Compliance of recreational water quality sites sampled during 2011/2012 with MfE & MoH (2003) action level guideline values.

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2.3 Indicator Bacteria The most common illnesses associated with swimming include gastroenteritis, respiratory illnesses, skin and ear infections. These illnesses can be caused by a wide range of pathogenic organisms including viruses, bacteria and protozoan species such as Salmonella: Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia (MfE & MoH, 2003). It is not feasible to analyse water samples for these pathogenic organisms. However, these pathogens are associated with enterococci and E. coli bacteria that are specific to the gut of warm-blooded animals. Measurement of the concentration of these bacteria gives an indication of the health risk associated with contact recreation.

Samples were analysed for the indicator bacteria enterococci at marine sites. This is because its survival rate is higher than E. coli in saline waters and may give a better indication of actual bacterial levels and therefore the potential risk. Samples collected at freshwater sites were analysed for the indicator bacteria E. coli. At estuarine or freshwater (with a tidal influence) sites dual testing of indicator bacteria was undertaken. This ensures the tested parameter appropriately indicates the risk of adverse health effects. Where conductivity readings indicated a freshwater environment (<10,000 µS/cm) then the lab analysis was conducted for E. coli only, otherwise both E. coli and enterococci levels were measured.

2.4 Data Analysis The data derived from the previous seasons monitoring were analysed to identify significant trends over time. While the data could not be corrected for flow or weather conditions that may influence bacterial levels, the long-term nature of the data set is considered sufficient to buffer these transient effects. Data from all the previous seasons were collated and any follow up samples removed from the data set. Temporal trend analysis (Mann-Kendal) was carried out using NIWA’s water quality trends software (Time Trends). All statistical tests involving pair wise comparisons were reconfirmed using the False Discovery Rate test recommended in McBride (2005). Test results were considered significant if they met the following criteria:

the results were significant at 95% confidence level and the slope indicated a change greater than 1%/yr in the variable concerned and the value for the slope indicated was less than laboratory detection limit.

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3 RAINFALL SUMMARY The region’s rainfall was calculated by adding together the total rainfall over 73 rainfall gauge sites per event to assess the depth compared with the 30 year regional average. Rainfall for the region during the summer season (November to March) was 132% of the 30 year average for that period. December, January and March exceeded the 30 year average by 133%, 191% and 165% respectively.

The region had one large rainfall event in the first week of January 2012. This event had a negative impact on water quality that was observed on the 9th January 2012 sampling day.

Specific rainfall gauge data is included in Appendix 5.

November 2011 December 2011 January 2012

February 2012 March 2012

Figure 2: Rainfall maps showing percentage received (mm) of the 30 year average

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4 RESULTS

4.1 Marine recreational sites The quality of coastal water was generally high, supporting recreational use with low risk of illness over most of the summer. No obvious spatial patterns of contamination were apparent. Exceedance of guideline values was generally the result of rainfall events.

Enterococci concentrations reached ‘Red’ mode status at five sites (see Table 2). Each of these five sites exceeded ‘Red’ mode threshold only once (Table 2). Enterococci concentrations at all sites had returned to ‘Green’ mode the following day.

There were five occasions when samples exceeded the ‘Amber’ mode threshold (Table 2). Bacterial levels had returned to ‘Green’ mode the following day.

Table 2: Summary of compliance at marine sites with MfE and MoH guideline values for ‘Green’, ‘Amber’ and ‘Red’ modes; 2011/12 (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Green Mode Amber mode Red Mode Site Minimum Maximum

CFU/100 mL

CFU/100 mL

<140 CFU/100 mL

<280 CFU/100 mL >280 CFU/100 mL

Aramoana Beach <1 120 100 100 100 Blackhead Beach <1 860 95 95 95 Hardinge Rd Beach <1 46 100 100 100 Kairakau Beach <1 560 95 95 95 Mahanga Beach <1 50 100 100 100 Mahia Beach <1 360 85 95 95 Ocean Beach <1 46 100 100 100 Opoutama Beach <1 120 100 100 100 Pandora Pond <1 210 95 100 100 Porangahau Beach <1 410 95 95 95 Pourerere Beach <1 20 100 100 100 Te Awanga Coastal 1 560 95 95 95 Waimarama Beach <1 30 100 100 100 Waipatiki Beach <1 110 100 100 100 Westshore Beach <1 190 95 100 100

Historical and current results are summarised in Table 3 for ‘Red’ mode and Table 4 for ‘Amber’ mode. There has been minimal variance in the results for any of the sites indicating stable marine water quality in Hawke’s bay. This is generally of a high standard supporting acceptable health risks to recreational users.

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Table 3: Percentage of samples taken at marine sites with enterococci concentrations less than the ‘Red’ mode threshold of 280 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Aramoana Beach 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 Blackhead Beach 100 100 95 100 90 100 95 Hardinge Road Beach 95 100 100 100 95 100 100 Kairakau Beach 100 100 100 100 95 100 95 Mahanga Beach 95 100 95 95 90 95 100 Mahia Beach 100 100 100 100 95 95 95 Ocean Beach 95 100 100 100 95 100 100 Opoutama Beach 95 100 100 95 90 85 100 Pandora Pond n/s n/s n/s n/s 95 90 100 Porangahau Beach 100 95 95 100 95 100 95 Pourerere Beach 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Te Awanga Coastal 100 95 100 100 85 90 95 Waimarama Beach 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 Waipatiki Beach 95 100 100 100 95 95 100 Westshore Beach 100 100 95 100 90 95 100

Table 4: Percentage of samples taken at marine sites with enterococci concentrations less than the ‘Amber’ mode threshold of 140 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Aramoana Beach 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 Blackhead Beach 100 100 90 100 90 100 95 Hardinge Road Beach 95 100 100 95 95 100 100 Kairakau Beach 100 100 95 100 95 100 95 Mahanga Beach 90 100 90 95 90 95 100 Mahia Beach 90 100 95 100 95 95 85 Ocean Beach 95 100 100 95 90 100 100 Opoutama Beach 95 100 100 95 85 80 100 Pandora Pond n/s n/s n/s n/s 95 85 95 Porangahau Beach 100 95 95 100 90 100 95 Pourerere Beach 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Te Awanga Coastal 100 90 100 100 80 85 95 Waimarama Beach 100 100 95 100 95 100 100 Waipatiki Beach 95 100 100 95 95 95 100 Westshore Beach 100 100 95 100 90 95 95

Water quality at Marine Parade in Napier was monitored this season as a requirement of the Napier City Council wastewater discharge consent. The sampling site was located beside the Pacific Surf Club flagged swimming area. The site was compliant all summer with ‘Red’ mode and entered ‘Amber’ mode once on the 9th January 2012. Marine Parade will be

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included in the 2012/2013 monitoring programme because of its proximity to town and the high number of recreational users.

4.2 Freshwater recreational sites A generally high standard of water quality existed at fresh water recreational sites across Hawke’s Bay except during periods of rain when E. coli concentrations were elevated. The results for the 2011/12 season are summarised in Table 5. The region experienced a large rainfall event in the first week of January which influenced water quality on the 9th January sampling run. Nine of the ten exceedances of water quality thresholds can be attributed to rainfall. The only sample that was not rainfall related was at Lake Tutira and had returned to ‘Green’ mode when re-sampled the following day. The Tukituki River at Walker Road site was the only site to achieve 100% compliance with both ‘Red’ and ‘Amber’ mode thresholds. Table 5: Summary of compliance at freshwater sites with MfE and MoH guideline values for ‘Green’, ‘Amber’ and ‘Red’ modes; 2011/12 (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Site Minimum Maximum Green Mode

Amber Mode Red Mode

E. coli

CFU/100ml E. coli

CFU/100ml <260 E. coli CFU/100 mL

>260 E. coli CFU/100 mL

>550 E. coli CFU/100ml

Esk River at Eskdale Park 1 480 85 85 100

Lake Tutira at Camping Ground <1 410 95 95 100

Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope 3 490 95 95 100

Tukituki River at Walker Rd <1 230 100 100 100

Tukituki River at SH2 Waipukurau <1 660 85 85 95

Tutaekuri River at Guppy Rd <1 340 90 90 100 The 2011/12 results are compared to historical monitoring results for ‘Amber’ mode (Table 6) and ‘Red’ mode (Table 7). Water quality at all sites appears to be stable. Table 6: Percentage of samples taken at freshwater sites with E. coli concentrations less than the ‘Red’ mode threshold of 550 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value). Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Esk River at Eskdale Park 95 100 100 90 95 90 100

Lake Tutira at Camping Ground 95 95 85 100 90 95 100

Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope 95 100 100 100 95 100 100

Tukituki River at SH2 Waipukurau 95 100 100 100 95 100 95

Tukituki River at Walker Rd n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s 95 100

Tutaekuri River at Guppy Rd 95 100 100 100 90 100 100

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Table 7: Percentage of samples taken at freshwater sites with E. coli concentrations less than the ‘Amber’ mode threshold of 260 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value). Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Esk River at Eskdale Park 90 90 90 90 95 80 85 Lake Tutira at Camping Ground 95 95 80 100 80 85 95 Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope 95 80 90 95 85 95 95 Tukituki River at Walker Rd n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s 80 100 Tukituki River at SH2 Waipukurau 90 100 85 95 85 95 85 Tutaekuri River at Guppy Rd 90 100 95 95 90 90 90

There are full weekly results summarised in Appendix 4.

4.3 Estuarine sites and freshwater sites (with a tidal influence) During the 2011/12 season, samples were analysed for both indicator bacteria species to provide the most appropriate assessment of risk because enterococci survives for longer than E. coli in saline water. Selection of the indicator variable was determined by measuring conductivity values (Table 8).

Conductivity values <10,000 µS/cm are considered freshwater and E. coli is used as the indicator. When conductivity is >10,000 µS/cm, the sample is considered brackish/marine and enterococci is used as the indicator bacteria.

Table 8: Preferred indicator summary and conductivity median for 2011/12

Site Median

conductivity (µS/cm)

Preferred Indicator

Kairakau Lagoon 23881 Both / with conductivity values to determine the most appropriate

Maungawhio Lagoon 35285 Both / with conductivity values to determine the most appropriate

Porangahau River 25100 Both / with conductivity values to determine the most appropriate

Te Mahia at Boat ramp

44950 Both / with conductivity values to determine the most appropriate

Clive River 3595 E. coli, take conductivity value if above 10,000 µS/cm request both

Maraetotara Lagoon 804 E. coli Puhokio Stream 7135 E. coli

Waipatiki Lagoon 1047 E. coli, take conductivity value if above 10,000 µS/cm request both

Waipuka Stream 9850 E. coli, take conductivity value if above 10,000 µS/cm request both E. coli and enterococci

Wairoa River at Ski Club

2956 E. coli, take conductivity value if above 10,000 µS/cm request both E. coli and enterococci

In general, estuarine sites continue to have poorer water quality than marine or freshwater sites. However, for all alert and action mode exceedances, the bacteria counts had returned to ‘Green’ mode within 24 hours.

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The “Wairoa River at ski club” site had the highest number of exceedances for both rainfall and non rainfall events (Table 9, 10) indicating ongoing problems with water quality.

The Waipuka Stream, Clive River and Puhokio Stream all had notable improvements in water quality over previous seasons (Tables 10, 11).

Table 9: Summary of compliance at estuarine and freshwater (with a tidal influence) sites with MfE and MoH guideline values for ‘Green’, ‘Amber’ and ‘Red’ modes (2011/12) and preferred indicator.

Site Indicator Preference Green Mode Amber Mode Red Mode

Clive River at SH2 Bridge E. coli 95 95 100

Maraetotara Lagoon E. coli 95 95 100

Puhokio Stream at Waimarama E. coli 100 100 100

Tukituki River at Black Bridge E. coli 95 95 95

Waipatiki Lagoon E. coli 85 85 95

Wairoa River at Ski Club E. coli 75 75 80

Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach E. coli/Enterococci 85/100 85/100 95/100

Kairakau Lagoon Enterococci 95 95 95

Maungawhio Lagoon Enterococci 95 95 95

Porangahau River Enterococci 100 100 100

Te Mahia at Boat ramp Enterococci/E. coli 100/95 100/95 100/95

Table 10: Percentage of samples taken at estuarine and freshwater sites with E. coli concentrations less than the ‘Red’ mode threshold of 550 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Clive River at SH2 Bridge 95 100 90 100 90 95 100 Kairakau Lagoon 95 100 90 100 90 85 95 Maraetotara Lagoon 95 90 95 95 85 90 100 Maungawhio Lagoon 95 100 90 100 95 95 95 Porangahau River 100 100 100 100 85 80 90 Puhokio Stream 95 67 80 85 95 53 100 Te Mahia at Boat ramp n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s 82 95 Tukituki River at Black Bridge 90 100 100 95 95 100 95 Waipatiki Lagoon 95 95 75 100 90 85 95 Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach 90 100 90 95 95 75 95 Wairoa River at Ski Club 95 100 95 100 90 85 80

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Table 11: Percentage of samples taken at estuarine and freshwater sites with E. coli concentrations less than the ‘Amber’ mode threshold of 260 CFU/100 mL; 2006 – 2012. (One sample exceedance equates to 5% of the compliance value).

Site 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Clive River at SH2 Bridge 90 100 90 95 85 50 95 Kairakau Lagoon 90 100 85 100 85 85 95 Maraetotara Lagoon 95 85 80 95 80 60 95 Maungawhio Lagoon 95 100 85 100 95 95 95 Porangahau River 95 100 100 100 70 75 90 Puhokio Stream at Waimarama 90 50 60 75 80 8 100 Te Mahia at boat ramp n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s 82 95 Tukituki River at Black Bridge 90 85 95 95 90 95 95 Waipatiki Lagoon 85 75 60 100 70 65 85 Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach 90 85 80 95 75 65 85 Wairoa River at Ski Club 95 85 90 100 75 65 75

Table 12 and 13 display the historical record for those sites where enterococci was the preferred indicator. The Porangahau River and “Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach” had notable improvements in water quality over the previous season.

Table 12: Percentage of samples taken at estuarine and freshwater sites with enterococci concentrations less than the ‘Red’ mode threshold of 280 CFU/100 mL; 2009 – 2012.

Site 2009 2010 2011 2012 Kairakau Lagoon 100 80 80 95

Maungawhio Lagoon 95 95 90 95

Porangahau River 100 95 75 100

Te Mahia at Boat ramp n/s n/s 85 100

Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach 90 90 75 100

Table 13: Percentage of samples taken at estuarine and freshwater sites with enterococci concentrations less than the ‘Amber’ mode threshold of 140 CFU/100 mL; 2009 – 2012.

Site 2009 2010 2011 2012 Kairakau Lagoon 100 60 80 95

Maungawhio Lagoon 95 95 90 95

Porangahau River 100 90 75 100

Te Mahia at Boat ramp n/s n/s 80 100

Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach 90 65 75 100

Exceedances and full results tables including all sites and bacterial indicators can be found in Appendix 4.

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4.4 Trend results Trend analysis was undertaken to detect changes in the concentrations of indicator bacteria in recreational waters over time using the NIWA Time Trends Software. The output of the software (Table 12) indicates there has been no change in marine water quality in relation to bacterial contamination. Water quality at the majority of the freshwater and estuarine sites is also stable with only five sites indicating any significant change in water quality. However for all sites, the magnitude of this change is small, indicated by the low figures in the ‘Slope’ column. Waipatiki lagoon has the largest change in water quality (‘Slope’ = - 4.82). This improvement could be due to the installation of a new sewerage system. Te Mahia, “Tukituki River at Walker Rd”, Pandora Pond and Marine Parade sites are not included in Table 12 because of insufficient data.

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Table 14: Trend in concentrations of indicator bacteria in recreational waters of Hawke’s Bay, 2001–2012

Site Name Water category Trend

Slope (E. coli (CFU)/100 mL/yeara

Significant Nc

Clive River at SH2 Bridge Freshwater No Trend 192 Esk River at Eskdale Park Freshwater No Trend 239 Lake Tutira at Camping Ground Freshwater No Trend 239 Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope Freshwater No Trend 239 Puhokio Stream Freshwater No Trend 186 Tukituki River at Black Bridge Freshwater Decrease -1.99 Yes 218 Tukituki River at SH2 Waipukurau Freshwater Increase 1.43 Yes 219 Tutaekuri River at Guppy Road Freshwater No Trend 240 Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach Freshwater No Trend 234 Wairoa River Freshwater No Trend 239 Kairakau Lagoon Estuarine Decrease -1.49 Yes 235 Maraetotara Lagoon Estuarine No Trend 239 Maungawhio Lagoon Estuarine No Trend 198 Porangahau River Estuarine Increase 3.65 Yes 137 Waipatiki Lagoon Estuarine Decrease -4.82 Yes 239 Aramoana Beach Marine No Trend 100 Blackhead Beach Marine No Trend 230 Hardinge Road Beach Marine No Trend 229 Kairakau Beach Marine No Trend 209 Mahanga Beach Marine No Trend 170 Mahia Beach Marine No Trend 240 Ocean Beach Marine No Trend 229 Opoutama Beach Marine No Trend 230 Porangahau Beach Marine No Trend 209 Pourerere Beach Marine No Trend 189 Te Awanga Coastal Marine No Trend 145 Waimarama Beach Marine No Trend 209 Waipatiki Beach Marine No Trend 230 Westshore Beach Marine No Trend 230 a “Decrease” corresponds to a decrease in indicator bacteria concentrations over this period, indicating an improvement in recreational water quality. b These terms are defined in Section 3.4. c The sample number (N) in the table indicates how many samples have been taken in total at that site. The Time Trends software (NIWA) takes into consideration seasonal variance, variable climatic conditions and species of indicator which all impact on bacterial levels and assessments of risk. The water quality trends were calculated using all data available for each site up to the end of the 2011/12 season. The length of data for each site varies from 5-12 years. This duration of data was considered adequate to buffer and curtail bias related to outlier data points. The statistical analysis was reconfirmed using the false discovery rate test recommended in McBride (2005) see Appendix 8 for table of results.

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4.5 SFRG The Suitability for Recreational Grading (SFRG) system grades sites according to:

A Microbial Assessment Category (MAC), as well as a Sanitary Inspection Survey (SIC)

The MAC is generated from 100 sample results (a five-year monitoring period). This is assigned to each site using the 95th percentile to generate a grade from A-D. The SIC is assigned to each site following a site survey analysing the source and potential inputs of faecal contamination.

The SFRG is generated by combining the SIC and the MAC to give a grade of between ‘very good’ and ‘very poor’ (Table 13). The SFRG decreased at one site this season. At Mahia Beach the SFRG decreased from ‘Good’ to ‘Fair’. This is due to a change in the MAC from B-C (95th percentile from 98.5 to 225.5) and a change in the SIC to account for rainfall impacts and septic tank issues.

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Table 15: Suitability for Recreational Grading (SFRG) assigned to the recreational water quality monitoring sites across Hawke’s Bay.

Site Name SFRG 2007

SFRG 2008

SFRG 2009

SFRG 2010

SFRG 2011

SFRG 2012 Comments

Aramoana Beach Ungraded Ungraded Very good Very good Very good Very good Unchanged

Blackhead Beach Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Unchanged

Clive River Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Unchanged

Esk River Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Hardinge Road Beach Good Good Good Good Good Good Unchanged

Kairakau Beach Good Good Very good Good Good Good Unchanged

Kairakau Lagoon Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Unchanged

Lake Tutira Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Unchanged

Mahanga Beach Very good Very good Very Good Follow up Follow up Follow up Unchanged

Mahia Beach Very good Good Good Good Good Fair Decreased

Maraetotara Lagoon Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Unchanged

Maungawhio Lagoon Fair Poor Good Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Ngaruroro River Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Ocean Beach Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Unchanged

Opoutama Beach Poor Fair Good Good Fair Fair Unchanged

Porangahau Beach Very Good Very Good Very Good Very good Very good Very good Unchanged

Porangahau River Ungraded Ungraded Ungraded Fair Poor Poor Unchanged

Pourerere Beach Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Very good Unchanged

Puhokio Stream Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Unchanged

Te Awanga Coastal Ungraded Ungraded Ungraded Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Tukituki River at Black bridge

Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Tukituki River at Waipukurau

Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Tutaekuri River Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Unchanged

Waimarama Beach Good Fair Good Good Good Good Unchanged

Waipatiki Beach Good Good Good Good Good Good Unchanged

Waipatiki Lagoon Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Very poor Unchanged

Waipuka Stream Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Unchanged

Wairoa River Poor Poor Fair Fair Poor Poor Unchanged

Westshore Beach Very good Very good Very good Very good Very Good Very good Unchanged

Te Mahia Ungraded New site 2010-11, insufficient data

Tukituki River at Walker Rd

Ungraded New site 2010-11, insufficient data

Pandora Pond Ungraded Indicator species changed 2010, insufficient data

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4.6 Shellfish Gathering Sites In addition to the recreational bathing water sites, seven shellfish gathering areas are included in the recreational water quality monitoring programme. The selection process acknowledged social and community values, and includes areas that have high use. The sites selected include: Kairakau Beach; Te Awanga coastal, the Ahuriri Estuary (Pandora Pond); Waipatiki Beach; Mahia Beach in front of the golf course, Maungawhio Lagoon and Te Mahia at the boat ramp (Figure 3).

The MfE & MoH guidelines (2003) stipulate that for consumption of shellfish collected from a site to be considered safe:

The proportion of faecal coliform results above 43/100 mL MPN for the season must not exceed 10% (Table 14).

The median faecal coliform concentration for the season must not exceed 14/100 mL MPN.

Table 16: Comparison of results for water used for shellfish gathering with guideline values, 2011 - 2012

Ahuriri Estuary

Mahia Beach at Golf Club

Waipatiki Beach

Te Awanga coastal

Kairakau Beach

Te Mahia at boat ramp

Maungawhio Lagoon

No. of samples over 43/100 mL 4 1 3 3 1 5 6

% of samples over 43/100 mL 20% 5% 15% 15% 5% 25% 30%

Compliance with Median <14 100 mL

6 8 4 20 11 25 22

There is permanent signage located at Ahuriri Estuary warning of the health risk associated with the consumption of shellfish from this site.

Mahia Beach and Kairakau Beach were the only sites where water quality complied with guideline values for shellfish gathering (Table 14). This implies that shellfish may be gathered from these sites and consumed with low likelihood of illness.

Water quality at all other sites indicated varying degrees of non-compliance with MfE and MoH guideline values. At these sites the consumption of shellfish may have an associated risk of illness.

Maungawhio Lagoon was added to the 2011/12 monitoring programme because it has a consistent bed of shellfish which is harvested on a daily basis throughout the season.

After prolonged rainfall, elevated bacteria counts are present within the estuarine sites in Hawke’s Bay and could lead to elevated risks of illness associated with consumption of shellfish. Refer to Appendix 7 for further information on rainfall and bacterial results for the season.

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Figure 3: Compliance of shellfish gathering water quality monitoring sites sampled during 2011/2012 with MfE & MoH (2003) guideline values.

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5 CASESTUDY: LAKE TUTIRA

5.1 ‘Duck itch’ (Cercarial dermatitis) The first recorded incident of ‘duck itch’ occurred in Hawke’s Bay on Boxing Day 2011, with several children developing a dermatitis rash characterised by small red spots or bumps on the skin. This rash occurs following contact with the cercariae larvae of a parasitic flat worm (Trematode) (see Figure 4 for a description of lifecycle). ‘Duck itch’ is common in other regions of New Zealand.

The vector (definitive host) for the Trematode is the New Zealand Scaup (Duck), the intermediate hosts are Lymnaeid snails. In recent years the abundance of the New Zealand Scaup at Lake Tutira has increased. (pers. Comm. N. Davis 16th January 2012)

‘Duck Itch’ can be expected within the summer months as long as the two vectors (Scaup and Lymnaeid snails) are present at the lake. The highest risk of infestation of humans occurs in shallow wading areas during on-shore wind conditions, the cercariae persist within the top 2cm the water column.

People can minimise the risk of infection by using DEET-containing insect repellents or water proof sunscreen, avoiding shallow areas and washing immediately after contact with the water.

Figure 4: Cercariae life cycle (Image permission N. Davis)

5.2 Cyanobacteria Lake Tutira was sampled fortnightly to allow the incidence of cyanobacteria to be determined. During 2011/12, the numbers of cyanobacteria (“blue-green” algae) were consistently low, indicating that the concentrations of algal toxins were also likely to be low. As a consequence, the lake water was consistently suitable for contact recreation. However, the incidence of blooms may not be specifically determined as they can bloom within a very short time frame and then dissipate.

The MfE and MoH New Zealand Guidelines (2009) have defined specific bio-volume toxicity levels for the known cyanobacteria present in the lake (Appendix 6, Bio-volumes cyanobacteria results). The more common times of the year for blooms to occur with toxins present are during the autumn and spring months.

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6 CASE STUDY: PUHOKIO STREAM The recreational water quality of Puhokio Stream has a SFRG grade of ‘very poor’ according to the MfE and MoH guidelines (2003). During previous seasons, the bacterial level has frequently resulted in guideline value exceedances on dry and rainfall related occasions.

The Puhokio catchment was investigated through a series of intensive surveys. Seven sites were selected and sampling was conducted in an upstream-downstream sequence under different flow conditions to identify possible point sources of faecal contamination. Potential contaminant sources included woolsheds, tributaries and residential areas.

Despite the level of effort, the results were inconclusive, observed indicator numbers could not be related to the identified tributaries or attributed to the location of wool sheds or other point sources.

In the 2010/11 recreational water quality programme annual report it was recommended that Faecal Sterol Analysis be used to investigate the sources of faecal contamination at the Puhokio Stream, Porangahau River and the Waipatiki Lagoon. This analysis was to be performed in cases of high bacterial counts.

However there were no incidences of high bacteria counts at these sites during the 2011/12 season for Faecal Sterol Analysis to be used.

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7 DISCUSSION During the 2011/12 season, rainfall events impaired recreational water quality at freshwater and marine sites. However these impacts were generally of short duration and the water quality at all re-sampled sites had returned to ‘Green’ mode within 24 hrs.

7.1 Marine sites Water quality at the marine sites throughout Hawke’s Bay was of a high standard supporting recreational usage and values. 97.4% of samples collected at marine sites were in the ‘Green’ mode. At all re-sampled sites the water quality had returned to ‘Green’ mode within 24hrs.

7.2 Fresh water and estuarine sites The freshwater and estuarine sites have typically poorer water quality than the marine sites. This is due to several factors:

These sites represent the “sources” of faecal contamination to the marine system and bacterial numbers are likely to be higher.

These sites are more exposed to malfunctioning septic systems. These sites have a higher exposure to contaminant runoff from farmland. Faecal bacteria survival rate is greater in freshwater than saline water, and these

organisms persist longer in a freshwater environment. Estuaries are the depositional environments for entire catchments. Bacteria contained within soft sediments can be resuspended through high flow

events and other disturbances. This season saw a general improvement in water quality over previous seasons. Of particular note were good results for sites where recreational water quality has been historically poor: Clive River, Puhokio Stream at Waimarama and the Waipatiki Lagoon. Factors that contributed to the improved water quality at these sites may include: changes in land use, improved septic systems and flood events removing sediment-bound bacteria. The results from monitoring at Lake Tutira do not indicate all the associated risks with contact recreation at the time samples are taken due to several factors:

As a result of the time required to undertake a cyanobacteria analysis, there is a 7-14 day delay between sample collection and having results available for reporting.

Cyanobacteria (blue-green) algae can multiply (bloom) very rapidly. The lake provides habitat for a large population of water fowl and bacterial sampling

can be influenced by their presence on the day. It is not possible to monitor for cercarial dermatitis.

For these reasons permanent signage will be erected at the lake informing the public of all associated biological problems that exist within the lake.

7.3 Shellfish sites The shellfish sites in Hawke’s Bay can be grouped based on site location, surrounding environment and associated exposure to faecal contamination. Two of the seven sites were compliant with the guideline values for shellfish consumption. These were Kairakau and Mahia Beaches. These sites are both on open sandy beaches that are not near to large freshwater inputs (streams/rivers) and have low exposure to potential sources of faecal contamination.

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Three of the sites are in an estuarine receiving environment: Ahuriri Estuary, Maungawhio Lagoon and Te Mahia at boat ramp. Two of the sites are close to a potentially contaminated fresh water input: Te Awanga coastal and Waipatiki Beach. Bacterial counts at these five sites were elevated due to a number of potential contaminant sources:

Malfunctioning septic systems Stock access to waterways Direct inflow of faecal material to streams as a consequence of inadequate riparian

vegetation. It is important to recognise that the MfE & MoH guidelines (2003) are only applicable to microbiological contaminants of water. The guidelines do not apply to marine bio-toxins, heavy metals, or harmful organic contaminants which may pose a significant health risk to people consuming shellfish.

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8 RECOMMENDATIONS 1. That the signage erected for exceedances shall include HBRC website address and

monitoring frequency details.

2. That permanent signage is erected at Lake Tutira, describing the health risks associated with cyanobacteria presence and cercarial dermatitis (Duck itch).

3. That consideration be given to analysing shellfish tissue for pathogens. Advice will be sought from ESR and MPI over possible monitoring programs and management.

4. That shellfish results and supporting information should be disseminated through the website on a weekly basis for the 2012/13 season.

5. That the extra samples continue to be collected for Faecal Sterol Analysis at the Puhokio Stream: Clive River and the Waipatiki Lagoon for the 2012/13 season.

6. That the patrolled bathing area at Marine Parade be included as a standard monitoring site.

7. That the Clive River and Puhokio Stream continue to be re-sampled only following rainfall events unless extraordinary conditions prevail.

8. That the SFRG grading system inputs be renewed (SIC) for the 2012/13 season.

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9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Hawke’s Bay Regional Council would like to thank:

Victor Minter at Wairoa District Council for being available for re-sampling at Mahia and Bobbi Orr for re-sampling at Central Hawkes Bay, both on very short time schedules

The Hawke’s Bay Public health Board Nick Jones and the team, for their ongoing support with the monitoring programme and all other matters pertaining public health. With specific regard to quick discussion meetings on topic as they arise and having full team support, we’d like to thank you for making the team available.

The Chris Green and staff at NZ labs in Hastings and In Auckland for rapid turn-around of our samples.

HBRC Staff for completing the monitoring and data support: Keiko Hashiba, Oliver Wade, Vicky Lyon, Fiona Cameron and Daniel Fake.

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10 REFERENCES Alexander, S. (2010). Recreational water quality in Hawkes Bay: A review of the 2009-2010

recreational water quality monitoring programme. EMT 10/06

Alexander, S. (2011). Recreational water quality in Hawkes Bay: A review of the 2010-2011 recreational water quality monitoring programme. EMT 11/01

Davis N, Avian schistosome research accomplished in New Zealand from 1991 through the present. Where to from here? Dr. Norm Davis, University of Otago, Dunedin, Non-Published Scientific Summary of Research, Poster.

Hawke’s Bay Regional Council, (2008). Regional Coastal Environmental Plan, ISBN 1-877174-16-5.

Health Act 1956, No 65 25 October 1956

McBride G.B, (2005). Using statistical methods for water quality management. Issues, Problems and Solutions. pp 313, Wiley Interscience Publication ISBN0-471-47016-3

Ministry for the Environment & Ministry of Health (2003). Microbiological Water Quality Guidelines for Marine and Freshwater Recreational Areas. MfE & MoH, Wellington.

Resource Management Act 1991.

Stansfield, B. (2002). Effects of Rainfall on the Bacteriological Water Quality of Hawke’s Bay Bathing Sites. Hawke’s Bay Regional Council Internal Report: EMI 02/07.

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11 APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Site Descriptions Marine Sites

Aramoana Aramoana is a recent addition to the monitoring programme due to the development of a coastal subdivision and its associated expected increase in recreational water users. It stands at the northern boundary of the Te Angiangi marine reserve that receives increasing numbers of users each year. Blackhead Beach Blackhead Beach is the main access point to the Te Angiangi Marine Reserve, and is a popular swimming and recreation spot. There is a small settlement with holiday baches and two camping grounds. Hardinge Rd. Beach The beach at Hardinge Road is close to a number of recreational facilities, including a children’s playground, beachfront walkway and ice cream parlour in close proximity to the sampling site. The beach is adjacent to the entrance to the inner harbour and the Port of Napier. Pandora Pond Pandora Pond is a small, sheltered area of Ahuriri Estuary, separated from the main estuary by a spit, and located close to Napier. It is frequently used for water based recreational activities including swimming, kayaking, rowing and sailing. There has been a shift toward apartment style living in the vicinity of the sampling site so user numbers are expected to increase now the development is completed. The majority of Napier’s stormwater discharges into the Ahuriri Estuary upstream of the site, and the Pandora Pond area itself is adjacent to a number of industries. Kairakau Beach Kairakau Beach is a popular spot for fishing, boating, surfing and diving. There is a small settlement with holiday baches, a camping ground and a few permanent residents. Over recent years, some erosion has occurred at this beach, making access to the beach difficult. The Kairakau Lagoon discharges at the southern end of the beach. Mahanga Beach On the northern side of the Mahia Peninsula, Mahanga Beach has a small resident population and a number of holiday baches. This area is currently expanding, with subdivision occurring inland toward the Mahia road. At present, the settlement is serviced solely by septic tanks with one public toilet. Mahia Beach Mahia Beach is a small settlement on the southern side of the Mahia Peninsula. The population of this settlement increases markedly in summer months due to the influx of holidaymakers using the baches and camping ground in the area. The settlement is serviced solely by septic tanks, and there is a stormwater drain out into the marine area near the boat ramp. Subdivision is occurring rapidly in this location with several new developments underway throughout the sampling season, and pressure on camping space has increased with the closure of the nearby Opoutama campsite. Ocean Beach Ocean Beach is a popular surfing and swimming beach due to its close proximity to Napier and Hastings and the presence of a surf lifesaving patrol. The Waipuka Stream (mentioned below) discharges into the south-eastern end of the beach. Samples at this site are taken in the main swimming area, immediately in front of the surf lifesaving tower. Opoutama Beach Opoutama Beach is located on the south side of the Mahia Peninsula. There are resident populations on the Opoutama stream and a few lifestyle blocks. Subdivision of the former campsite is continuing. The Opoutama Stream runs into the western side of the beach, after draining a small agricultural catchment. The beach is commonly used for swimming and other recreational activities in the summer months.

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Porangahau Beach Porangahau Beach, located approximately 40km south east of Waipukurau is used for swimming, fishing and other recreational activities. There are no direct discharges in the vicinity of the beach, although the Porangahau River discharges approximately 10km north of the beach. The Porangahau Township is serviced by a community sewage treatment system. Pourerere Beach Pourerere Beach, in southern Hawke’s Bay, is a popular holiday destination. The township is comprised of a number of holiday homes, as well as some permanent residents. The community is serviced solely by individual septic tank systems. Te Awanga The Te Awanga site is adjacent to the Maraetotara Lagoon sampling site and has been included in the sampling programme to reflect the high number of users at this site. It has a recognised surf break that at times attracts large numbers of surfers. The site has a reef environment as well as being the discharge point for the Maraetotara River. Waimarama Beach Due to its close proximity to Napier and Hastings, and the presence of a surf lifesaving patrol, Waimarama Beach remains a popular swimming beach. The beach has both a large resident population as well as numerous visitors over the summer season. The Puhokio Stream (see below) discharges into the northern end of the beach. Waipatiki Beach Waipatiki is a small settlement located approximately 20km north of Napier and consisting of a number of baches, a campground, and a small resident population. The area at the rear of the back dunes and on the headland is currently under development, and a community sewage treatment system was installed in 2006. Its close proximity to Napier and Hastings makes it popular for day excursions. There is a small stream/lagoon, which drains into the beach (see Waipatiki Lagoon below). Westshore Beach Westshore Beach is located to the north of Napier city, and is popular with both locals and holidaymakers. A patrolled surf lifesaving club adds to the appeal of the beach. There are a number of stormwater discharges into the marine area near the beach, but these do not seem to affect the water quality at this beach. Freshwater and Estuarine Sites Clive River at State Highway 2 Bridge (Boat Ramp) The Clive River catchment passes through pastoral, horticultural, viticultural, industrial and urban areas, as well as receiving all the stormwater from Hastings City. The river is used extensively for recreational use, particularly rowing, water skiing and jet skiing. Esk River The Esk River drains a moderately sized, rural catchment. It does not pass through or near any urban centres prior to discharging into the Bay between Whirinaki and Bayview. The sampling site is at Eskdale Park, which is a popular area for families. Kairakau Lagoon The Kairakau Lagoon is formed at the mouth of the Mangakuri River, which passes through a predominantly pastoral catchment before discharging into the ocean at Kairakau. The lagoon is situated close to the camping ground and is frequently used for fishing, boating and swimming, particularly by children. Lake Tutira Lake Tutira is one of the largest lakes in Hawke’s Bay and is located approximately 50km north of Napier. It is a common camping/holiday site over the summer period, and is regularly used for canoeing, swimming, fishing and boating. In addition, this site is a country park, with significant birdlife. The sampling site is located at the boat ramp opposite the main campground.

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Maraetotara Lagoon The Maraetotara River enters the coast via the Maraetotara Lagoon at Te Awanga, after passing through predominantly pastoral land. Due to the low flow in the river, and sea swells at the beach, the mouth of the river is closed through much of the summer period. The Te Awanga camping ground is situated beside the northern embankment of the lower Maraetotara River, and the sample site is directly south of the main car park. Te Awanga is popular due to its good surf break and its close proximity to Cape Kidnappers and the gannet colony. Maungawhio Lagoon The Maungawhio Lagoon is located on the northern side of the Mahia Peninsula, and is formed by the Kopuawhara Stream. The lagoon has been identified as a Significant Area in Hawke’s Bays Regional Coastal Plan (HBRC, 1999), and is both an important fish spawning area, breeding and roosting area for variety of water birds. The lagoon is regularly used for swimming, fishing and shellfish gathering. Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope Bridge The site at Chesterhope Bridge is a popular bathing spot during the summer for locals from Napier and Hastings. The Ngaruroro River drains a catchment that is predominantly agricultural in the upper reaches, and used for intensive horticulture in the lower reaches. The Hawke’s Bay Regional Council maintains this area for easy public access to the river. Puhokio Stream at Waimarama Beach The Puhokio Stream drains a small, steep, agricultural catchment before passing through the settlement of Waimarama and discharging at the northern end of the beach. The warm temperatures and slow flowing lagoon type nature of the stream makes it particularly popular with children. In the past, the stream has repeatedly shown high levels of faecal contamination, predominantly sourced from agriculture, but also influenced by on-site wastewater treatment systems. Porangahau River The sample location is directly down-stream of wastewater plant’s discharge and is a boat launch ramp. Te Mahia at Boat Ramp The sample site is in the coastal waters adjacent to the boat ramp at Whangawehi Stream. This area is regularly used by the local community for recreational activities as well as being the downstream receiving environment of a large catchment area, which includes the forested area proposed to take the Mahia community wastewater via land application. This is a new site in 2010/11. Tukituki River at Black Bridge The Tukituki River drains the Ruataniwha Plains area, before passing through agricultural land on its way to Hawke Bay just south of Clive. The sampling site at Black Bridge is in the tidal part of the river, and is regularly used for swimming and other recreational activities. Tukituki River at SH2, Waipukurau The Tukituki River drains the Ruataniwha Plains area, before flowing through Waipukurau on its way to the coast at Haumoana. The river, in the vicinity of the SH2 bridge, is a popular swimming spot in the summer. Tukituki River at Walker Rd The Tukituki River drains the Ruataniwha Plains area, before flowing through Waipukarau. This site is at the Walker Road access point east of Waipawa below the confluence of the Tukituki and Waipawa Rivers. The sampling site was identified for recreational purposes through the Recreational Usage Survey and due to its close proximity and upstream nature means that it can provide a proxy for the Tamumu Bridge, Shag Rock and Patangata sites. This is a new site in 2010/11. Tutaekuri River at Guppy Rd. Bridge The Tutaekuri River drains a predominantly agricultural and forested catchment, with some intensive horticultural activities in the lower reaches. The recreational site at the Guppy Rd Bridge is a popular bathing spot.. The Hawke’s Bay Regional Council has endeavoured to make this area more accessible to the public for recreational activities.

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Waipatiki Lagoon The Waipatiki Lagoon is formed by the Waipatiki Stream which drains a small, predominantly agricultural and forestry hill catchment, before flowing through the settlement of Waipatiki. This site frequently exceeds the Alert and Action guideline levels. In the past, evidence has suggested that the contamination of the stream is primarily faecal material from malfunctioning septic tanks in the settlement. In 2006 the area upgraded to a community sewage treatment system with the majority of baches and houses connected. Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach The Waipuka Stream flows through a small, steep, agricultural catchment before discharging into Hawke Bay at the eastern side of Ocean Beach. The stream also passes by baches at the small community, and often forms a lagoon, which is popular with small children. Wairoa River (Boat ramp) The Wairoa River is one of the largest rivers in Hawke’s Bay, and consequently has a large catchment in which the predominant land use is sheep and beef farming, with some dairying also occurring. The sampling site is at the Water Ski Club in the Wairoa town ship, and the river is tidal at this point. There are a number of discharges (in addition to the agricultural land use), which may affect the water quality at this site. Frasertown Meats is located upstream of the sampling site, and downstream discharges include Affco Wairoa and the municipal sewage discharge from Wairoa township. Additionally, there are a number of stormwater drains which flow into the river, and both active and closed landfills near the mouth of the river. Shellfish Gathering Waters Ahuriri Lagoon This site is located on the true left bank of the Estuary approximately 40m upstream of the Pandora road bridge. It receives considerable fishing pressure throughout the year for cockles. Kairakau Beach The Kairakau Beach site is the same as for the recreational water quality monitoring site. The Kairakau Lagoon discharges at the southern end of the beach. Mahia Beach at the Golf Club This site falls between the Mahia Beach and Opoutama Beach recreational water quality sites. It is located adjacent to a well known pipi bed that receives considerable fishing pressure during the summer months. The site is accessed via the walkway that departs directly opposite the entrance to the Mahia Beach golf Club. Te Awanga Coastal The Te Awanga site is sampled at the same location as the Te Awanga recreational water quality site. The site has a reef environment historically known to harbour mussels. Waipatiki Beach Waipatiki’s close proximity to Napier and Hastings makes it popular for day excursions and for the collection of shellfish. Sampling is carried approximately 100m south of the Bathing beach site, near the start of the rocky reef system. There is a small stream/lagoon, which drains into the beach adjacent to the sampling site. Maungawhio Lagoon The Maungawhio Lagoon is located on the northern side of the Mahia Peninsula, and is formed by the Kopuawhara Stream. The lagoon has been identified as a Significant Area in Hawke’s Bays Regional Coastal Plan (HBRC, 1999), and is both an important fish spawning area, breeding and roosting area for variety of water birds. The lagoon is regularly used for swimming, fishing and shellfish gathering.

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Te Mahia at Boat Ramp The sample site is in the coastal waters adjacent to the boat ramp at Whangawehi Stream. This area is regularly used by the local community for recreational activities as well as being the downstream receiving environment of a large catchment area, which includes the forested area proposed to take the Mahia community wastewater via land application. This is a new site in 2010/11.

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Appendix 2: Suitability for Recreation Grade (SFRG) Accompanying Information Definitions for Suitability for Recreation Grades

NB: Different definitions exist for marine and freshwater gradings, however there is essentially little difference and therefore only the marine gradings have been described here to give an idea of the meaning of each grade.

Very Good

Water quality tests and assessment of potential contamination sources indicate beaches within this category are considered to have very good water quality. There may be some runoff from low-intensity agriculture/urban/rural catchments, but there are likely to be no significant sources of faecal contamination.

Recommendation: Considered satisfactory for swimming at all times, and therefore may not require monitoring on a regular basis.

Good

Water quality tests and assessment of potential contamination sources indicate that beaches within this category are considered to have generally good water quality. On occasions (such as after high rainfall) there may be increased risk of contamination from run-off. Such sites receive run-off from one or more of the following sources and may contain animal or faecal material:

River discharges impacted by tertiary treated wastewater, combined sewer overflows, intensive agriculture/rural catchments, feral bird/animal populations;

River discharges impacted by run-off from low-intensity agricultural/urban/rural catchment;

Storm water not contaminated by sewage. Recommendation: Satisfactory for swimming most of the time. Exceptions may include following rainfall. Such beaches are monitored regularly throughout the summer season and warning signs will be erected if water quality deteriorates.

Fair

Water quality tests and assessment of potential contamination sources indicate that beaches within this category are considered to have generally fair water quality. Events such as high rainfall increase the risk of contamination levels from run-off. Such sites receive run-off from one or more of the following sources of faecal material:

River discharges impacted by tertiary treated wastewater, combined sewer overflows, intensive agriculture/rural catchments, feral bird/animal populations;

River discharges impacted by run-off from low-intensity agricultural/urban/rural catchment;

Storm water not contaminated by sewage. Recommendation: Generally satisfactory for swimming, through there are many potential sources of faecal material. Caution should be taken during periods of high rainfall, and swimming avoided if water is discoloured. Sites are monitored weekly and warning signs erected if water quality deteriorates.

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Poor

Water quality tests and assessment of potential contamination sources indicate that beaches within this category are considered to have generally poor water quality. These sites receive run-off from one or more of the following sources and may contain animal or human faecal material:

Tertiary treated wastewater; Urban storm water, marinas or moorings, intensive agriculture; River discharges containing untreated /primary/secondary treated wastewater or on-

site waste treatment systems Recommendation: Generally not okay for swimming, as indicated by historical results. Swimming should be avoided, particularly by the very young, very old and those with compromised immunity. Permanent warning signs may be erected at these sites, although councils may monitor these sites weekly and post temporary warnings.

Very Poor

Water quality tests and assessment of potential contamination sources indicate that beaches within this category are considered to have generally very poor water quality. These sites receive run-off from one or more of the following sources and may contain animal or human faecal material:

Untreated/primary/secondary treated wastewater; Tertiary treated wastewater; Urban storm water, marinas or moorings, intensive agriculture; River discharges containing untreated /primary/secondary treated wastewater or on-

site waste treatment systems. Recommendation: Avoid swimming as there are direct discharges of faecal material. Permanent signage will be erected at the beach stating that swimming is not recommended.

33 | P a g e

Suitability for Recreation Grade

Susceptibility to faecal influence

Microbiological Assessment Category (MAC)

Indicator counts (as percentiles)

Exce

ptio

nal C

ircum

stan

ces

***

(per 100 mL)

< 40 Ent

< 130 E. coli

(per 100 mL)

41-200 Ent.

131-260 E. coli

(per 100 mL)

201-500 Ent.

261-550

(per 100 mL)

>500 Ent.

>550 E. coli

Sanitary Inspection Category

Very Low Very Good Very Good Follow-up** Follow-up**

Low Very Good Good Fair Follow-up**

Moderate Follow-up* Good Fair Poor

High Follow-up* Follow-up* Poor Very Poor

Very High Follow-up* Follow-up* Follow-up* Very Poor

Exceptional Circumstances

Notes

* Indicates unexpected results requiring investigation (reassess SIC and MAC). If after reassessment the SFRG is still follow-up, then assign a conservative grade (i.e. the first grade to the right of the follow-up in the same SIC row).

** Implies non-sewage sources of indicators, and this should be verified. If after verification the SFRG is still follow-up, then assign a conservative grade (i.e. the first grade after follow-up in the same MAC column.

*** Exceptional circumstances: relate to known periods of higher risk for a graded beach, such as during a sewer rupture or an outbreak of a potentially waterborne pathogen in the community of the recreational area catchment. Under such circumstances a grading would not apply until the episode has abated.

34 | P a g e

Appendix 3: Bacterial concentrations with guideline values and total daily rainfall (mm/day).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Maungawhio Lagoon

Kopuawhara Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Maungawhio Lagoon - E.coli

Kopuawhara Rainfall (mm) Max E.coli Value - Alert Mode Max E.coli Value - Action Mode E.coli Value

35 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

40030

-Oct

-11

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lMahia Beach


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12- F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Opoutama Beach


36 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lWairoa River at Ski Club

Mt Manuoha Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Lake Tutira

Kaiwaka Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

37 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

140030

-Oct

-11

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Waipatiki Lagoon

Kaiwaka Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Waipatiki Beach

Kaiwaka Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

38 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lEsk River

Maunganui Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n -12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an- 1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Westshore Beach

Napier CBD Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

39 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

6004-

Nov

-11

11-N

ov-1

1

18-N

ov-1

1

25-N

ov-1

1

2-D

ec-1

1

9-D

ec-1

1

16-D

ec-1

1

23-D

ec-1

1

30-D

ec-1

1

6-Ja

n-12

13-J

an-1

2

20-J

an-1

2

27-J

an-1

2

3-Fe

b-12

10-F

eb-1

2

17-F

eb-1

2

24-F

eb-1

2

2-M

ar-1

2

9-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Pandora Pond - E. coli

Napier CBD Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Pandora Pond - Enterococci


40 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lHardinge Road Beach


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

30-O

ct-1

1

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Te Mahia E.coli

Kopuawhara Rainfall (mm) Max E-coli Value - Alert Mode Max E-coli Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

41 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-N

ov-1

1

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-D

ec-1

1

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-J

an-1

2

22-J

an-1

2

29-J

an-1

2

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lTe Mahia Enterococci


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Tutaekuri River at Guppy Rd

Ngaroto Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

42 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n -12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lNgaruroro River at Chesterhope Bridge

Otutu Bush Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Clive River at SH2 Bridge

Chesterhope Rainfall (mm) Max E. col i Value - Alert Mode Max E. col i Value - Action Mode E. col i Va lue

43 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lClive River at SH2 Bridge

Chesterhope Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Tukituki River at Black Bridge

Moorecocks Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

44 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

60030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lMaraetotara Lagoon

Waipoapoa Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13- N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n -12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Te Awanga at Camp Ground

Waipoapoa Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

45 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v -11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lOcean Beach

Maraetotara Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v -11

13- N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Waipuka Stream at Ocean Beach

Maratotara Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

46 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1

10

100

100030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lWaipuka Stream at Ocean Beach E. coli

Maraetotara Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1

10

100

1000

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Puhokio Stream


47 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20- N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n -12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lWaimarama Beach


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Kairakau Lagoon


48 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1

10

100

100030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lKairakau Lagoon - E.coli


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Kairakau Beach


49 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

30030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lPourerere Beach

Omakere Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Aramoana Beach

Omakere Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

50 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1

10

100

100030

-Oct

-11

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lBlackhead Beach

Ben Nevis Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Porangahau Beach

Mangaorapa Rainfall (mm) Max Enterococci Value - Alert Mode Max Enterococci Value - Action Mode Enterococci Value

51 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lPorangahau Estuary -E. Coli


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Porangahau Estuary


52 | P a g e

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

lTukituki River at SH2

Moorcocks Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

30-O

ct-1

1

6-No

v-11

13-N

ov-1

1

20-N

ov-1

1

27-N

ov-1

1

4-De

c-11

11-D

ec-1

1

18-D

ec-1

1

25-D

ec-1

1

1-Ja

n-12

8-Ja

n-12

15-Ja

n-12

22-Ja

n-12

29-Ja

n-12

5-Fe

b-12

12-F

eb-1

2

19-F

eb-1

2

26-F

eb-1

2

4-M

ar-1

2

11-M

ar-1

2

18-M

ar-1

2

Rain

fall

(mm

)

cfu/

100m

l

Tukituki River at Walker Rd

Moorcocks Rainfall (mm) Max E. coli Value - Alert Mode Max E. coli Value - Action Mode E. coli Value

53 | P a g e

Appendix 4: Full Season Results Tables Freshwater Sites – E. coli Indicator

Date Sampled

Esk

Riv

er @

E

skda

le P

ark

Lake

Tut

ira @

C

ampi

ng g

roun

d

Nga

ruro

ro R

iver

@

Che

ster

hope

Brid

ge

Tuki

tuki

Riv

er @

S

H2

Wai

puka

rau

Tuae

kuri

Riv

er a

t G

uppy

Rd

Tuki

tuki

Riv

er @

W

alke

r Rd

Tuki

tuki

Riv

er @

B

alck

Brid

ge

07-Nov-11 10 < 1 24 < 1 59 2 25 14-Nov-11 130 28 41 44 100 17 48 21-Nov-11 1 28 9 4 48 1 6 28-Nov-11 44 55 48 12 37 1 30 05-Dec-11 110 9 66 19 40 < 1 25 12-Dec-11 60 410 100 42 19 34 1 19-Dec-11 6 35 27 240 41 81 91 28-Dec-11 23 2 10 21 16 16 25 04-Jan-12 < 100 170 < 100 < 100 100 < 100 100 09-Jan-12 360* < 100 490* 540* 340* 230 600* 16-Jan-12 4 12 8 < 1 < 1 20 4 23-Jan-12 1 1 8 68 5 16 1 30-Jan-12 14 < 1 3 44 2 36 1 06-Feb-12 55 12 30 660* 39 22 46 13-Feb-12 26 64 10 25 12 29 20 20-Feb-12 480* 7 11 420* 290* 28 5 27-Feb-12 14 3 12 45 < 1 40 11 05-Mar-12 9 48 3 74 < 1 52 2 12-Mar-12 1 2 37 24 9 20 12 19-Mar-12 460* 10 180 9 31 18 240 Exceedance = 260 E. coli CFU/100 mL Action mode exceedance = 550 Enteroccoci 100 mL *= Rainfall related exceedance.

54 | P a g e

Marine Sites – Enteroccoci Indicator

Northern Coastal Sample

Date M

ahan

ga B

each

Mah

ia B

each

Opo

utam

a B

each

Wai

patik

i bea

ch

Wes

tsho

re B

each

Pan

dora

Pon

d

Har

ding

e R

oad

Bea

ch Southern

Coastal Sample

Date Te A

wan

ga

Coa

stal

Oce

an B

each

Wai

mar

ama

beac

h

Kai

raka

u B

each

Pou

rere

re B

each

Ara

moa

na B

each

Bla

ckhe

ad B

each

Por

anga

hau

Bea

ch

07-Nov-11 2 < 1 4 < 1 1 5 1 07-Nov-11 25 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

14-Nov-11 1 2 2 3 6 13 12 14-Nov-11 3 < 1 5 2 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

21-Nov-11 3 < 1 1 1 2 9 9 21-Nov-11 13 8 1 < 1 1 < 1 < 1 21

28-Nov-11 20 10 1 5 3 11 3 28-Nov-11 72 < 1 1 0 1 1 1 < 1 < 1

05-Dec-11 < 1 < 1 1 < 1 15 4 1 05-Dec-11 3 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

12-Dec-11 < 1 17 1 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 12-Dec-11 11 < 1 2 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

19-Dec-11 < 1 < 1 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 19-Dec-11 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1

28-Dec-11 1 4 < 1 < 1 2 15 6 28-Dec-11 6 3 < 1 < 1 < 1 19 < 1 < 1

04-Jan-12 50 220* 70 < 10 10 50 10 04-Jan-12 < 10 < 10 < 1 40 20 50 < 10 < 10

09-Jan-12 25 360* 38 110 17 210* 1 09-Jan-12 560* < 1 < 10 560* 1 120 860* 410*

16-Jan-12 < 1 32 10 < 1 32 4 10 16-Jan-12 4 1 30 17 < 1 < 1 4 1

23-Jan-12 10 230 5 3 3 < 1 < 1 23-Jan-12 15 2 28 16 2 4 10 < 1

30-Jan-12 < 1 1 < 1 < 1 5 < 1 < 1 30-Jan-12 1 6 1 69 1 7 1 < 1

06-Feb-12 6 6 < 1 3 < 1 1 1 06-Feb-12 47 < 1 1 < 1 2 5 < 1 < 1

13-Feb-12 9 29 27 3 22 56 46 13-Feb-12 6 < 1 < 1 15 1 3 2 < 1

20-Feb-12 3 2 1 28 24 120 4 20-Feb-12 27 1 1 < 1 < 1 1 < 1 3

27-Feb-12 < 1 1 9 < 1 3 120 12 27-Feb-12 42 < 1 < 1 3 < 1 1 1 < 1

05-Mar-12 3 64 120 24 1 53 3 05-Mar-12 5 4 4 < 1 3 1 4 8

12-Mar-12 2 27 1 9 6 23 2 12-Mar-12 21 46 < 1 21 5 4 8 < 1

19-Mar-12 < 1 3 2 < 1 190 91 3 19-Mar-12 35 15 5 8 1 < 1 < 1 1

Exceedance = 140 Enteroccoci CFU/100 mL Action mode exceedance = 280 Enteroccoci 100 mL *= Rainfall related exceedance.

55 | P a g e

Estuarine and Freshwater Sites with a Tidal Influence 2011 – 2012

Date Sampled

Mau

ngaw

hio

lago

on E

-Col

i

Mau

ngaw

hio

lago

on

Ent

erro

ccoc

i

Wai

patik

i lag

oon

E-c

oli

Wai

patik

i lag

oon

Ent

eroc

occi

Wai

roa

Riv

er a

t S

ki c

lub

E-c

oli

Wai

roa

Riv

er a

t S

ki c

lub

Ent

eroc

occi

Te M

ahia

at

Boa

tram

p E

-col

i

Te M

ahia

at B

oat

ram

p En

tero

cocc

i

Date Sampled

Cliv

e R

iver

E-c

oli

Kai

raka

u La

goon

E

-col

i

Kai

raka

u La

goon

E

nter

ococ

ci

Mar

atot

ara

lago

on

E-c

oli

Mar

atot

ara

lago

on

Ent

eroc

occi

Por

anga

hau

Riv

er

E-c

oli

Por

anga

hau

Riv

er

Ent

eroc

occi

Poh

okio

Stre

am

E-c

oli

Poh

okio

Stre

am

Ent

eroc

occi

Wai

puka

Stre

am

Ent

eroc

coci

Wai

puka

S

tream

E. c

oli

07-Nov-11 < 1 3 2 12 8 1 07-Nov-11 71 2 4 20 6 2 34 110 14-Nov-11 1 < 1 150 4200* 45 13 14-Nov-11 180 38 46 200 24 140 21-Nov-11 < 1 < 1 < 1 150 1 1 21-Nov-11 91 9 9 28 11 2 98 110 28-Nov-11 1 < 1 47 61 10 4 2 28-Nov-11 20 58 84 47 20 8 130 05-Dec-11 < 1 2 100 34 < 1 2 05-Dec-11 130 69 99 2 5 61 12-Dec-11 < 1 4 50 70 < 1 4 12-Dec-11 60 15 40 26 19 20 60 19-Dec-11 64 12 160 5 2900* 1300* < 1 1 19-Dec-11 420 85 < 1 9 20 < 1 91 54 28-Dec-11 22 20 27 450 12 28-Dec-11 28 31 50 4 1 310 04-Jan-12 < 100 20 < 100 1100* < 100 10 04-Jan-12 < 100 < 100 7 < 100 < 10 < 100 < 100 09-Jan-12 500* 100 > 2500* 960* 09-Jan-12 1600* 14 540* 1400* 470* 710* 16-Jan-12 140 16 26 15 10 13 16-Jan-12 56 2 4 < 1 120 1 24 23-Jan-12 1 4 28 80 17 25 23-Jan-12 6 2 1 26 50 30 30-Jan-12 < 1 < 1 60 110 < 1 2 30-Jan-12 6 1 8 1 11 9 12 2 07-Feb-12 7 7 400* 350* 48 11 21 4 07-Feb-12 46 340 24 59 46 1400* 390* 13-Feb-12 4 17 36 30 20 7 13-Feb-12 130 7 35 6 4 2 46 31 < 1 20-Feb-12 7 31 1300* 65 2 10 20-Feb-12 45 94 11 20 66 14 8 27-Feb-12 < 1 2 3 190 4 2 27-Feb-12 21 5 14 18 10 56 9 1 05-Mar-12 140 480 1 2 180 110 05-Mar-12 10 50 < 1 1900* 2900* 40 12-Mar-12 8 7 310* 130 10 9 12-Mar-12 110 42 100 55 54 120 210 190* 80 19-Mar-12 16 33 4 300 11 9 19-Mar-12 3 29 61 45 93 4

Exceeded surveillance Level (140 CFU Enteroccoci 100/ mL) Exceeded surveillance level (260 CFU E. coli 100/ mL) * = Rainfall related exceedance.

56 | P a g e

Appendix 5: Rainfall Summary and Maps

57 | P a g e

Area Station Months Total (mm)

Historic Mean (mm) %Average

Waikaremoana Terapatiki 86 50 173Rocky Pad 133 180 74Nga Tuhoe 150 107 141Mt Manuoha 181.5 262 69Bushy Knoll 102.5 104 99Upper Waiau 60 98 61Waikaremoana % 103

Northern Hawkes Bay Kopuawhara 50 96 52Ruakituri 86.5 90 96Pukeorapa 156 175 89Maru Maru 127.5 89 143Ardkeen 102.5 66 155Wairoa 95 85 112Cricklewood 97 79 123Kotemaori 81.5 97 84Northern Hawkes Bay % 107

Tangoio Kaiwaka 42.2 79 53Te Rangi 66 98 68Maunganui 76 96 79Te Pohue 60.2 117 51Waihau 55.6 86 65Glengarry 42 74 57Tangoio % 62

Kaweka Ngahere 111 181 61Otutu 40 134 30Te Koau 102 135 75Ngamatea 41.4 48 86Kaweka % 63

Ruahine Parks Peak 160.5 255 63Glenwood 186 161 116Moorcock 137 193 71Ruahine % 83

Heretaunga Plains Crownthorpe 35 63 56Awanui 28.5 41 69Fred 20 50 40Bridge Pa 30.4 50 61Ohiti 22.5 59 38Keirunga 22.5 52 43Heretaunga Plains % 51

Ruataniwha Plains Tapairu Road 24.5 44 55Waipukurau 35.6 54 66Shag Rock 28 54 52Tukipo 40.5 75 54Ongaonga 40.4 60 67Gwavas 45.2 92 49Ruataniwha Plains % 57

Southern Hawkes Bay Mangaorapa 55 74 74Waipoapoa 51.5 112 46Ben Nevis 42.5 68 62Wallingford 43 54 80Maraetotara 40.5 51 80Southern Hawkes Bay % 69

Hawkes Bay Region 74

RAINFALL REPORT FOR NOVEMBER 2011

58 | P a g e

Above normal

Below normal

Rainfall Report December 2011

December 2011 rainfall showing percentage of the 30 year average.

September 2011 October 2011 November 2011

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Waikaremoana Terapatiki 170 97 175Rocky Pad 230 162 142Nga Tuhoe 179.5 113 159Mt Manuoha 350 234 149Bushy Knoll 111.5 115 97Upper Waiau 186 118 158Waikaremoana % 147

Northern Hawkes Bay Kopuawhara 86 103 83Ruakituri 73.5 109 67Pukeorapa 154.5 209 74Maru Maru 158.5 115 138Ardkeen 171 98 175Wairoa 192.5 103 188Cricklewood 155.4 93 168Kotemaori 187 134 140Northern Hawkes Bay % 129

Tangoio Kaiwaka 101.6 99 102Te Rangi 176 109 161Maunganui 134.5 136 99Te Pohue 150.8 102 148Waihau 141 95 148Glengarry 108 78 138Tangoio % 133

Kaweka Ngahere 208.5 189 111Otutu 141 134 105Te Koau 118.5 144 82Ngamatea 280.6 74 378Kaweka % 169

Ruahine Parks Peak 137.5 211 65Glenwood 122 162 76Moorcock 117 191 61Ruahine % 67

Heretaunga Plains Crownthorpe 142.4 93 153Awanui 76 51 148Fred 66 49 136Bridge Pa 86.2 53 164Ohiti 113.5 70 162Keirunga 121 63 191Heretaunga Plains % 159

Ruataniwha Plains Tapairu Road 93 40 234Waipukurau 96 52 186Shag Rock 82.5 59 139Tukipo 87.5 83 105Ongaonga 77.6 68 114Gwavas 112 96 116Ruataniwha Plains % 149

Southern Hawkes Bay Mangaorapa 63 56 113Waipoapoa 109 121 90Ben Nevis 68.5 69 99Wallingford 53 54 98Maraetotara 75 55 137Southern Hawkes Bay % 107


RAINFALL REPORT FOR DECEMBER 2011

60 | P a g e

Above normal

Below normal

Rainfall Report January 2012

January 2012 rainfall showing percentage of the 30 year average.

October 2011 November 2011 December 2011

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62 | P a g e



Waikaremoana Terapatiki 120 54 221Rocky Pad 129 137 94Nga Tuhoe 139 110 126Mt Manuoha 155.2 195 79Bushy Knoll 110.5 106 104Upper Waiau 72.5 98 74Waikaremoana % 116

Northern Hawkes Bay Kopuawhara 101.5 117 87Ruakituri 42 123 34Pukeorapa 158 212 74Maru Maru 122.5 115 106Ardkeen 88 105 84Wairoa 132 117 113Cricklewood 106.8 91 117Kotemaori 171 72 239Northern Hawkes Bay % 107

Tangoio Kaiwaka 168.2 101 167Te Rangi 131 125 105Maunganui 148 107 138Te Pohue 115.8 118 98Waihau 93.2 104 90Glengarry 111 82 135Tangoio % 122

Kaweka Ngahere 147.5 186 79Otutu 95 97 98Te Koau 154.5 139 111Ngamatea 42.4 64 67Kaweka % 89

Ruahine Parks Peak 179 207 86Glenwood 155 117 132Moorcock 57.5 142 40Ruahine % 86

Heretaunga Plains Crownthorpe 82.2 61 135Awanui 34.5 42 82Fred 34 54 63Bridge Pa 40.8 51 80Ohiti 48.5 66 73Keirunga 56.5 54 105Heretaunga Plains % 90

Ruataniwha Plains Tapairu Road 25 48 52Waipukurau 50.4 51 98Shag Rock 45 57 79Tukipo 83.5 72 116Ongaonga 48.8 62 79Gwavas 106.4 86 124Ruataniwha Plains % 91

Southern Hawkes Bay Mangaorapa 50 77 65Waipoapoa 93.5 147 64Ben Nevis 43.5 88 49Wallingford 30.5 55 55Maraetotara 51.5 67 77Southern Hawkes Bay % 62


RAINFALL REPORT FOR FEBRUARY 2012

63 | P a g e

Above normal

Below normal

Rainfall Report

March 2012

March 2012 rainfall showing percentage of the 30 year average.

December 2011 January 2012 February 2012

64 | P a g e



Waikaremoana Terapatiki 208.5 103 203Rocky Pad 314 219 143Nga Tuhoe 315.5 132 240Mt Manuoha 275.5 243 113Bushy Knoll 170 159 107Upper Waiau 202 121 167Waikaremoana % 162

Northern Hawkes Bay Kopuawhara 304 138 220Ruakituri 150 144 105Pukeorapa 412.5 335 123Maru Maru 173.5 138 126Ardkeen 190 139 137Wairoa 173 143 121Cricklewood 209.6 143 147Kotemaori 315.5 137 230Northern Hawkes Bay % 151

Tangoio Kaiwaka 292.2 117 249Te Rangi 288 151 191Maunganui 278.5 210 133Te Pohue 247 198 125Waihau 181.6 165 110Glengarry 245 123 198Tangoio % 168

Kaweka Ngahere 355 249 142Otutu 225.5 144 156Te Koau 359.5 181 199Ngamatea 127.7 72 178Kaweka % 169

Ruahine Parks Peak 425 258 165Glenwood 339 180 189Moorcock 419 221 189Ruahine % 181

Heretaunga Plains Crownthorpe 174 73 238Awanui 93.5 62 150Fred 112.5 74 153Bridge Pa 97.2 70 140Ohiti 138 90 154Keirunga 100.5 78 128Heretaunga Plains % 160

Ruataniwha Plains Tapairu Road 92.5 73 128Waipukurau 94.4 79 119Shag Rock 122 85 143Tukipo 136 119 115Ongaonga 114.8 75 153Gwavas 180.6 131 138Ruataniwha Plains % 132

Southern Hawkes Bay Mangaorapa 209.5 99 211Waipoapoa 350 188 186Ben Nevis 190.5 103 184Wallingford 188.5 93 202Maraetotara 171 95 179Southern Hawkes Bay % 193


RAINFALL REPORT FOR MARCH 2012

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Appendix 6: Bio-volumes Cyanobacteria Results

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume (k

nown or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume (k

nown or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume (k

nown or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume (k

nown or

estim

ated)

Bio-vol

14/11/2011 28/11/2011 12/12/2011 28/12/2011Date SampledAnabaena cf. circinalis 62 208 0.01290 26 208 0.00541 7 208 0.00146 208 0.00000Anabaena cf. lemmermannii 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena planktonica 320 399 0.12768 110 399 0.04389 88 399 0.03511 170 399 0.06783Anabaena sp. (2.5-5 μm) 116 0.00000 2 116 0.00023 1 116 0.00006 116 0.00000Anabaena sp. (5.1-7 μm) 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena sp. (7.1-10 μm) 399 0.00000 399 0.00000 399 0.00000 399 0.00000Aphanocapsa sp. (<1 μm) 3Aphanocapsa sp. (1-2 μm) 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000Heteroleibleinia sp.Phormidium sp. 4Planktothrix sp.Pseudanabaena sp. 8.3 0.00000 8.3 0.00000 8.3 0.00000 8.3 0.00000PseudanabaenaceaeAphanizomen sp

386 0.1406 141 0.0495 96 0.0366 170 0.0678

14/11/2011 28/11/2011 12/12/2011 28/12/2011

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AnalysisCell Count Sit 1 Surveillance Mode (Cell count <500 cells/mL)Bio-volume Sit 2 Surveillance Mode (<0.5mm3/L combined total of all cyanobacteria)Bio-volume Sit 1 Alert Mode (0.5 to <1.8mm3/L of potentally toxic cyanobacteria)Bio-volume Sit 2 Alert Mode (0.5 to <10mm3/L total biovolume of all cyanobacteria material)Toxin analysis Sit 1 Action Mode (≥12 ug/L total microcystins)Bio-volume Sit 1 Action Mode (≥1.8 mm3/L of potentially toxic cyanobacteriaBio-volume Sit 2 Action Mode (≥10mm3/L total biovolume of all cyanobacteria material)Scums Sit 3 Action Mode (Cyanobacterial scums consistently present)

Colour Key

67 | P a g e

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-vol

9/01/2012 23/01/2012 7/02/2012 20/02/2012Date SampledAnabaena cf. circinalis 208 0.00000 208 0.00000 208 0.00000 208 0.00000Anabaena cf. lemmermannii 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena planktonica 399 0.00000 399 0.00000 4 399 0.00160 8 399 0.00319Anabaena sp. (2.5-5 μm) 5 116 0.00058 10 116 0.00116 3 116 0.00035 6 116 0.00070Anabaena sp. (5.1-7 μm) 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena sp. (7.1-10 μm) 399 0.00000 399 0.00000 399 0.00000 399 0.00000Aphanocapsa sp. (<1 μm)Aphanocapsa sp. (1-2 μm) 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000Heteroleibleinia sp.Phormidium sp. 0Planktothrix sp. 2Pseudanabaena sp. 2 8.3 0.00002 8.3 0.00000 3 8.3 0.00002 11 8.3 0.00009PseudanabaenaceaeAphanizomen sp

7 0.0006 10 0.0012 12 0.0020 25 0.0040

9/01/2012 23/01/2012 7/02/2012 20/02/2012

68 | P a g e

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-volume

Counts cell

s/ml

Biovolume

(known or

estim

ated)

Bio-vol

Date Sampled 5/03/2012 19/03/2012Anabaena cf. circinalis 208 0.00000 208 0.00000Anabaena cf. lemmermannii 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena planktonica 15 399 0.00599 399 0.00000Anabaena sp. (2.5-5 μm) 3 116 0.00035 3 116 0.00035Anabaena sp. (5.1-7 μm) 116 0.00000 116 0.00000Anabaena sp. (7.1-10 μm) 399 0.00000 399 0.00000Aphanocapsa sp. (<1 μm)Aphanocapsa sp. (1-2 μm) 1.7 0.00000 1.7 0.00000Heteroleibleinia sp.Phormidium sp.Planktothrix sp.Pseudanabaena sp. 8.3 0.00000 8.3 0.00000PseudanabaenaceaeAphanizomen sp 4 32 0.00013 130 32 0.00416

22 0.0065 133 0.0045

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Appendix 7: Shellfish Results Tables - Faecal Coliform concentrations

Full Season Results Table 2011 – 2012

Date Sampled Ahuriri Estuary

Mahia Beach at

Golf Club

Waipatiki Beach

Te Awanga

Kairakau Beach

Te Mahia

Maungawhio Lagoon

07-Nov-11 1 < 1 1 33 < 1 25 17 14-Nov-11 12 < 1 1 10 6 130 12 21-Nov-11 2 1 < 1 16 < 1 2 14 28-Nov-11 43 < 1 8 85 < 1 4 3 05-Dec-11 7 < 1 < 1 3 < 1 6 31 12-Dec-11 22 < 1 < 1 27 < 1 < 1 < 1 19-Dec-11 1 11 3 20 11 40 510 28-Dec-11 4 < 1 < 1 11 < 1 0 10 04-Jan-12 <100 < 100 <100 <100 <100 < 100 <100 09-Jan-12 1500 130 140 1700 1700 1200 480 16-Jan-12 290 < 1 4 20 18 27 45 23-Jan-12 1 30 4 6 34 75 21 30-Jan-12 < 1 < 1 < 1 1 12 3 < 1 06-Feb-12 4 2 290 56 < 1 55 22 13-Feb-12 5 8 < 1 11 5 10 18 20-Feb-12 28 1 49 21 4 25 55 27-Feb-12 1 3 3 30 6 2 9 05-Mar-12 2 16 7 7 5 650 1700 12-Mar-12 44 < 1 8 15 24 24 30 19-Mar-12 46 < 1 1 28 < 1 14 65

No. Of samples over 43 4 1 3 3 1 5 6 % of samples over 43 21% 5% 15% 16% 5% 26% 32%

Median 6 8 4 20 11 24.5 22

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Shellfish Results Previous Season 2010 – 2011 Faecal Coliform (Maungawhio lagoon was samples for enteroccoci and E. coli)

Date Sampled Ahuriri Estuary

Mahia Beach at Golf Club

Waipatiki Beach Te Awanga Kairakau

Beach

Te Mahia at Boat ramp

Maungawhio lagoon

01-Nov-10 52 1 15 6 1 n/s 2 / 6

08-Nov-10 36 1 1 29 17 n/s 2 / n/t

15-Nov-10 25 1 3 110 2 n/s 9 / 67

22-Nov-10 300 1 2200 4 13 140 18 / 46

29-Nov-10 29 1 19 17 1 2 1 / 1

06-Dec-10 2300 1 130 5 1 38 2 / 4

13-Dec-10 63 1 1 7 1 1 1 / 1

20-Dec-10 41 3 3 16 8 10 60 / 230

28-Dec-10 8 1800 3 590 4 8 24 / 8

05-Jan-11 12 1 9 50 1 93 3 / n/t

10-Jan-11 18 4 23 5 1 50 2 / 2

17-Jan-11 17 5 3 9 1 36 8 / 14

31-Jan-11 30 30 670 100 10 3400 300*/ n/t

07-Feb-11 63 55 16 22 1 170 30 / 23

14-Feb-11 31 1 7 390 1 4 70 / 4

21-Feb-11 62 1 1 220 16 120 36 / 110

28-Feb-11 11 1000 1 2 1 84 110 / 150

07-Mar-11 140 490 56 57 22 7800 2100 / 1500*

14-Mar-11 43 4 2 1 1 110 4 / 6

21-Mar-11 46 1 1 17 3 1500 56 / 82

No. of samples over 43 8 4 4 6 0 10 Ent./E. coli % of samples over 43 40% 20% 20% 30% 0% 59%

Median 38.5 1 5 17 1 84

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Shellfish Results and rainfall SummaryMahia Shell fish sites use the same rainfall gauge.

Climate StationKopuawhara

Stream at Railway Bridge Te Mahia at the Boat ramp Mahia Beach opposite the Golf course Maungawhio lagoon

Cumulative rainfall 72hrs before

sample Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci E-coli Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci E-coli7/11/2011 3 Te Mahia 25 1 8 Mahia Beach o 0.5 0.5 Maungawhio lagoon 17 3 0.514/11/2011 8 Te Mahia 130 13 45 Mahia Beach o 0.5 2 Maungawhio lagoon 12 0.5 121/11/2011 1 Te Mahia 2 1 1 Mahia Beach o 1 1 Maungawhio lagoon 14 0.5 0.528/11/2011 0 Te Mahia 4 2 4 Mahia Beach o 0.5 10 Maungawhio lagoon 3 0.5 15/12/2011 3.5 Te Mahia 6 2 0.5 Mahia Beach o 0.5 0.5 Maungawhio lagoon 31 2 0.512/12/2011 0 Te Mahia 0.5 4 0.5 Mahia Beach o 0.5 17 Maungawhio lagoon 0.5 4 0.519/12/2011 40 Te Mahia 40 0.5 0.5 Mahia Beach o 11 0.5 Maungawhio lagoon 510 12 6428/12/2011 0 Te Mahia 0 12 Mahia Beach o 0.5 4 Maungawhio lagoon 10 224/01/2012 11 Te Mahia < 100 10 100 Mahia Beach o < 100 220 Maungawhio lagoon <100 20 1009/01/2012 145.5 Te Mahia 1200 960 Mahia Beach o 130 360 Maungawhio lagoon 480 50016/01/2012 0 Te Mahia 27 13 10 Mahia Beach o 0.5 32 Maungawhio lagoon 45 16 14023/01/2012 3 Te Mahia 75 25 17 Mahia Beach o 30 230 Maungawhio lagoon 21 4 130/01/2012 8 Te Mahia 3 2 0.5 Mahia Beach o 0.5 1 Maungawhio lagoon 0.5 0.5 0.57/02/2012 13 Te Mahia 55 4 21 Mahia Beach o 2 6 Maungawhio lagoon 22 7 713/02/2012 19.0 Te Mahia 10 7 20 Mahia Beach o 8 29 Maungawhio lagoon 18 17 420/02/2012 0.5 Te Mahia 25 10 2 Mahia Beach o 1 2 Maungawhio lagoon 55 31 727/02/2012 0.5 Te Mahia 2 2 4 Mahia Beach o 3 1 Maungawhio lagoon 9 2 0.55/03/2012 42.5 Te Mahia 650 110 180 Mahia Beach o 16 64 Maungawhio lagoon 1700 480 14012/03/2012 3.5 Te Mahia 24 9 10 Mahia Beach o 0.5 27 Maungawhio lagoon 30 7 819/03/2012 0 Te Mahia 14 9 11 Mahia Beach o 0.5 3 Maungawhio lagoon 65 33 16

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Shellfish Results and rainfall SummaryClimate station

Kaiwaka Tareha Climate

Maunganui


sample


sample Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci7/11/2011 2.4 3.5 Waipatiki Beach 1 1

14/11/2011 16.4 29.5 Waipatiki Beach 1 321/11/2011 2.2 1 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 128/11/2011 0 0 Waipatiki Beach 8 5

5/12/2011 6.2 7 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 112/12/2011 1.2 2.5 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 119/12/2011 13.8 38.5 Waipatiki Beach 3 128/12/2011 0 0 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 1

4/01/2012 16.6 50.5 Waipatiki Beach <100 109/01/2012 103.8 76.5 Waipatiki Beach 140 110

16/01/2012 0.2 3.5 Waipatiki Beach 4 123/01/2012 1 1 Waipatiki Beach 4 330/01/2012 13.8 20.5 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 1

7/02/2012 14.2 15.5 Waipatiki Beach 290 313/02/2012 11.8 23.5 Waipatiki Beach 0.5 320/02/2012 46.8 21 Waipatiki Beach 49 2827/02/2012 0.6 5.5 Waipatiki Beach 3 1

5/03/2012 12.4 8.5 Waipatiki Beach 7 2412/03/2012 11.2 5.5 Waipatiki Beach 8 919/03/2012 0.8 10.5 Waipatiki Beach 1 1

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Shellfish Results and rainfall SummaryClimate Station Napier CBD


sampleSite FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci E-coli

7/11/2011 0.5 Ahuriri Estuary 1 514/11/2011 8.5 Ahuriri Estuary 12 1321/11/2011 0 Ahuriri Estuary 2 928/11/2011 0 Ahuriri Estuary 43 11

5/12/2011 2 Ahuriri Estuary 7 412/12/2011 7.5 Ahuriri Estuary 22 1 0.519/12/2011 6.5 Ahuriri Estuary 1 1 0.528/12/2011 0 Ahuriri Estuary 4 15 15

4/01/2012 12.5 Ahuriri Estuary <100 50 509/01/2012 64.5 Ahuriri Estuary 1500 210 4

16/01/2012 0 Ahuriri Estuary 290 4 21023/01/2012 0 Ahuriri Estuary 1 1 130/01/2012 5 Ahuriri Estuary 0.5 1 1

7/02/2012 2.5 Ahuriri Estuary 4 1 0.513/02/2012 3.5 Ahuriri Estuary 5 56 5620/02/2012 0.5 Ahuriri Estuary 28 120 12027/02/2012 0 Ahuriri Estuary 1 120 120

5/03/2012 7 Ahuriri Estuary 2 53 5312/03/2012 8 Ahuriri Estuary 44 23 2319/03/2012 0 Ahuriri Estuary 46 91 91

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Shellfish Results and rainfall SummaryClimate Station Waipoapoa


sample

Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci7/11/2011 1 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.5

14/11/2011 7 Kairakau Beach 6 221/11/2011 7 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.528/11/2011 0 Kairakau Beach 0.5 1

5/12/2011 4 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.512/12/2011 1 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.519/12/2011 56.5 Kairakau Beach 11 0.528/12/2011 0 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.5

4/01/2012 15 Kairakau Beach <100 409/01/2012 222 Kairakau Beach 1700 560

16/01/2012 0 Kairakau Beach 18 1723/01/2012 3 Kairakau Beach 34 1630/01/2012 12.5 Kairakau Beach 12 69

7/02/2012 6.5 Kairakau Beach 0.5 0.513/02/2012 14 Kairakau Beach 5 1520/02/2012 18 Kairakau Beach 4 0.527/02/2012 0 Kairakau Beach 6 3

5/03/2012 25.5 Kairakau Beach 5 0.512/03/2012 14 Kairakau Beach 24 2119/03/2012 0 Kairakau Beach 0.5 8

75 | P a g e

Shellfish Results and rainfall Summary

Climate Station Maraetotara Waipoapoa


sample


sample

Site FC CFU/100ml Enteroccoci7/11/2011 1 1 Te Awanga Beach 33 25

14/11/2011 28 7 Te Awanga Beach 10 321/11/2011 1 7 Te Awanga Beach 16 1328/11/2011 0 0 Te Awanga Beach 85 72

5/12/2011 11.5 4 Te Awanga Beach 3 312/12/2011 0 1 Te Awanga Beach 27 1119/12/2011 42.5 56.5 Te Awanga Beach 20 128/12/2011 0.5 0 Te Awanga Beach 11 6

4/01/2012 47.5 15 Te Awanga Beach <100 109/01/2012 130 222 Te Awanga Beach 1700 560

16/01/2012 3 0 Te Awanga Beach 20 423/01/2012 6 3 Te Awanga Beach 6 1530/01/2012 20 12.5 Te Awanga Beach 1 1

7/02/2012 14 6.5 Te Awanga Beach 56 4713/02/2012 10 14 Te Awanga Beach 11 620/02/2012 21.5 18 Te Awanga Beach 21 2727/02/2012 6 0 Te Awanga Beach 30 42

5/03/2012 21 25.5 Te Awanga Beach 7 512/03/2012 7 14 Te Awanga Beach 15 2119/03/2012 3 0 Te Awanga Beach 28 35

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Appendix 8: Mann Kendall Trend Tests Mann Kendal Trend Tests 2011/12 Aramoana Beach Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 4 years and 5 months for calendar years 2007 to 2012 100 observations from 5/11/2007 to 19/03/2012 with 67 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median

value Kendall statistic

Variance Z P Median annual Sen slope

5% confidence limit

95% confidence limit

Unadjusted 1.000 -399.000 107462.333 -1.214 0.225 0.000 -0.275 0.000 Esk River Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 239 observations from 23/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 123 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 45.000 1104.000 1525945.333 0.893 0.372 0.718 -0.608 2.213 Blackhead Beach

Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 9 years and 5 months for calendar years 2002 to 2012 230 observations from 12/11/2002 to 19/03/2012 with 189 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 -607.000 1292798.333 -0.533 0.594 0.000 0.000 0.000 Clive River




5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 105.500 -771.000 792347.000 -0.865 0.387 -2.032 -6.182 1.788

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Hardinge Rd Beach Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 229 observations from 18/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 172 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 4.000 -869.000 1330827.000 -0.752 0.452 0.000 -0.169 0.000 Kairakau lagoon




5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 20.000 -4124.000 1449753.333 -3.424 0.001 -1.492 -2.574 -0.660 Kairakau Beach

Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 209 observations from 19/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 172 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 899.000 941258.333 0.926 0.355 0.000 0.000 0.000 Lake Tutira




5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 21.000 2518.000 1525055.333 2.038 0.042 0.959 0.070 1.959 Wairoa River




5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 62.000 -754.000 1525968.000 -0.610 0.542 -0.758 -3.168 1.294

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Westshore Beach

Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 230 observations from 18/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 173 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 4.500 -691.000 1352115.667 -0.593 0.553 0.000 -0.184 0.000 Mahanga Beach

Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 170 observations from 18/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 133 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 1250.000 514154.000 1.742 0.082 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mahia Beach

Mann-Kendall test for Ent (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 240 observations from 18/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 171 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 7.000 -1714.000 1539819.333 -1.380 0.167 -0.176 -0.509 0.000 Maraetotara Lagoon Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 239 observations from 24/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 105 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 73.000 -2302.000 1526014.000 -1.863 0.063 -2.445 -4.996 -0.149 Maungawhio Lagoon Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 9 years and 5 months for calendar years 2002 to 2012 198 observations from 11/11/2002 to 19/03/2012 with 129 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 5.500 1067.000 856873.667 1.152 0.249 0.000 0.000 0.261

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Ngaruroro River at Chesterhope Bridge Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 239 observations from 24/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 119 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 52.000 42.000 1525984.000 0.033 0.974 0.000 -1.368 1.535 Opoutama Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT (cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 230 observations from 18/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 170 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 4.000 778.000 1347553.333 0.669 0.503 0.000 0.000 0.128 Ocean Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 229 observations from 19/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 179 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 1272.000 1277972.667 1.124 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000 Puhokio Stream Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 186 observations from 24/11/2000 to 12/03/2012 with 58 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 210.000 -1590.000 720574.667 -1.872 0.061 -8.249 -17.278 -0.763 Pourerere Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT(cfu/100 mL ) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 189 observations from 19/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 158 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 -6.000 703854.000 -0.006 0.995 0.000 0.000 0.000

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Porangahau Estuary Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 6 years and 5 months for calendar years 2005 to 2012 137 observations from 8/11/2005 to 19/03/2012 with 70 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 11.000 2703.000 288031.667 5.035 0.000 3.655 2.202 5.839 Porangahau Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT(cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 10 years and 3 months for calendar years 2001 to 2012 209 observations from 12/11/2001 to 9/01/2012 with 165 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 1.000 676.000 956029.333 0.690 0.490 0.000 0.000 0.000 Tukituki at Black Bridge Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 218 observations from 29/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 118 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 32.000 -3210.000 1158579.333 -2.981 0.003 -1.988 -3.055 -0.867 Tukituki at Waipukarau Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 10 years and 5 months for calendar years 2001 to 2012 219 observations from 11/11/2001 to 19/03/2012 with 130 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 24.000 2700.000 1174110.000 2.491 0.013 1.427 0.447 2.455 Tutaekuri at Guppy Rd Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 240 observations from 24/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 135 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 37.000 -2152.000 1544905.333 -1.731 0.084 -1.061 -2.115 0.000

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Waimarama Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 209 observations from 19/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 157 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 2.000 -617.000 983753.667 -0.621 0.535 0.000 0.000 0.000 Waipatiki Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 4 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 230 observations from 23/12/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 184 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 2.000 980.000 1309023.333 0.856 0.392 0.000 0.000 0.000 Waipatiki lagoon Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 239 observations from 23/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 98 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 112.000 -2921.000 1526017.667 -2.364 0.018 -4.821 -8.228 -1.423 Te Awanga Beach Mann-Kendall test for ENT (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 6 years and 5 months for calendar years 2005 to 2012 145 observations from 8/11/2005 to 19/03/2012 with 84 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 7.000 1003.000 341041.667 1.716 0.086 0.512 0.000 1.284 Waipuka Stream Mann-Kendall test for Ecoli (cfu/100 mL) Period analysed 11 years and 5 months for calendar years 2000 to 2012 234 observations from 24/11/2000 to 19/03/2012 with 107 ties Sample size greater than 10 and normal approximation used to determine P value Median



5% confidence limit


Unadjusted 46.000 753.000 1432387.667 0.628 0.530 0.500 -0.818 2.245

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Trend test using false discovery rate to determine the significance of change over time False Discovery Rate results for P-Value Samples with a probability level of 0.003 or less are significant at P = 0.050 There are 3 significant correlations

Descriptor Probability Adjusted P-value

Porangahau Estuary 0.000 0.000

Kairakau Lagoon 0.001 0.007

Tukituki River at Black Bridge 0.003 0.015

Waipatiki Lagoon 0.018 0.067

Lake Tutira 0.042 0.126

Puhokio Stream 0.061 0.135

Maraetotara Lagoon 0.063 0.135

Tutaekuri River 0.084 0.158

Tukituki River at Waipukurau 0.130 0.217

Maungawhio Lagoon 0.249 0.373

Esk River 0.372 0.484

Clive River 0.387 0.484

Waipuka Stream 0.530 0.581

Wairoa River 0.542 0.581

Ngaruroro River 0.974 0.974

False Discovery Rate results for P-Value Samples require a probability level of less than 0.082 to be significant at P = 0.050 There are 0 significant correlations

Descriptor Probability Adjusted P-value

Mahanga Beach 0.082 0.559

Te Awanga Beach 0.086 0.559

Mahia Beach 0.167 0.643

Ocean Beach 0.261 0.643

Kairakau Beach 0.355 0.643

Waipatiki Beach 0.392 0.643

Harding Road Beach 0.452 0.643

Porangahau Beach 0.490 0.643

Opoutama Beach 0.503 0.643

Waimarama Beach 0.535 0.643

Westshore Beach 0.553 0.643

Blackhead Beach 0.594 0.643

Pourerere Beach 0.995 0.995

Aramoana Beach 0.225 0.640

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Appendix 9: Recommendations from the 2010/11 season and the summarised outcome in the 2011/12 season.

1. That follow-up exceedance sampling for freshwater sites only be undertaken where the cause of the exceedance cannot be attributed to rainfall.

Re-sampling only undertaken when rainfall < 8 mm/72 hrs

2. That follow-up sampling after an exceedance event at Puhokio Stream not be undertaken unless there is reasonable cause to believe that the exceedance is extraordinary. Permanent signage is currently in place warning swimmers of the risk associated with this site.

Actioned for the 2011/12 season.

3. That follow-up samples be obtained within 24 hours where possible, even in the

case of high rainfall on re-sampling day.

Actioned for the 2011/12 season.

4. That monitoring of shellfish gathering waters in accordance with MfE and MoH guidelines (2003) is continued for the 2011/12 season.

This monitoring was completed for the 2011/12 season.

5. Shellfish flesh shall be tested for toxicity at Ahuriri Estuary, Te Awanga Coastal and recommended also Te Mahia, dependent on available funding.

The research was not completed due to availability of funding.

6. Monthly reporting to be continued, showing the percentage compliance for freshwater, estuarine and marine sites, circulated internally and made available to the public via the regional council’s website (www.hbrc.govt.nz).

HBRC B4USWIM website was updated weekly, the monthly report circulated via the Trends magazine which is emailed out to a public mailing list and available on the info stand in the HBRC building foyer and website.

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7. Sampling at Clive River and Puhokio Stream is to be undertaken fortnightly as

these sites are fully graded, as ‘Very Poor’ and are permanently sign-posted. Between the months of December to February these sites will be sampled weekly to correspond with recommendation 9. Ocean, Pourerere, Westshore and Porangahau Beaches could also be considered for reduced monitoring as these sites are fully graded as ‘Very Good’ and have retained this grade over the past four years.

The sampling of Clive River and Puhokio stream remained at fortnightly frequency throughout the season. The southern coastal beaches were monitored weekly to insure the safety of all recreational users remained at a high level.

8. Investigation into Puhokio Stream, Porangahau River and Clive River, Faecal

source tracking, dependent on available funding.

The Puhokio stream was investigated to determine the influence of wool shed placement on the bacteriological concentrations under different flow conditions. Porangahau River and Clive River were not investigated due to low bacteria levels throughout the season.

9. That Kairakau Lagoon, Maungawhio Lagoon and Porangahau River continue to

be monitored for both enteroccoci and E. coli as these sites have been shown to be sufficiently saline-brackish to warrant the use of additional indicators; continued monitoring of conductivity to assess whether E. coli or enteroccoci is the most appropriate indicator to use.

Actioned for the 2011/12 season. 10. Clive River, Waipuka Stream and Wairoa River to be monitored as freshwater

sites for reporting purposes. For managing public health risk, measure the three sites for conductivity and if value exceeds 10,000 µS/cm request enteroccoci also be tested for.

This was completed and indicates accurately the preferred indicator. 11. Pandora Pond to be monitored as a marine site.

Pandora pond was monitored as a marine site and the conductivity

measured on each visit.

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RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY REPORT...RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY REPORT 2011-2012 August 2012 ISSN...

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