Recovery of Missing Speech Packets Using the Short-Time Energy and Zero Crossing Measurements Nurgun...
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Recovery of Missing Speech Packets Using the Short-Time Energy and Zero Crossing
Measurements
Nurgun Erdol, IEEE, Claude Castelluccia, and Ali Zilouchia
n, Senior Member, IEEE
Hung, Kuo-En NTHU/CS, Visual Communication Lab.
Outline
• Introduction
• Waveform Substitution Based on the STE and the Zero-Crossing Information
• Experimental Results
• Analysis and Evaluation of the Reconstruction methods
• Conclusions
Introduction
• Short-time energy (STE)
• Zero-crossing Rate (STZR)
• Zero-crossing Locations (STZL)
Introduction (cont’d)
Waveform Substitution
2/)1(,...,,2/,0,11
isn Segment
1,...,1,0,by k packet in samplesSpeech
1
0
2 MnMMnnxM
n
Pllx
M
tkk
k
Waveform Substitution (Method A)
Method A (cont’d)
packet previous theof samplelast on the basedsign initial thesets:sgn[]
sin()factor adjacent on the changessign impose:)1(
1),(in support unit with r windowrectangula a is:
)()(
)()()(
10 ,)(
)sin(
)1()1(sgn)(
kpacket in STZL therepresent :,...,1 ,
1
01
i
iii
k
cr
ii
ii
i
Z
i
ikc
i
nnw
nne
nxnenx
Pnknnw
nn
nn
Pxnx
Zin
Waveform Substitution (Method B)
Method B (cont’d)
)()(
)()()(
))(sin()( 0
nne
nxnenx
nnZnx
k
cr
c
Waveform Substitution (cont’d)
zz
kkr
zzz
zZkr
kkr
kr
nPnnn
xPexPx
Pnnnn
nnPxnenx
PxePxx
nnnn
nnPxnenx
2;2
)0()( and )0()(
1),sin()1)](1(sgn[)()(
)1()1( and )1()1(
0),sin()]1(sgn[)()(
110
11
11
11
101
01
Experimental Results
• Parameters(a) Packet loss rate
(b) Packet length
(c) STE window length
(d) Interpolation technique
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
dBeYeXeXMSNR
dBinyinxinxI
nSNR
N
i
jwjwN
i
jw
I
i
l
i
iii
22/
0
22/
0
1
2
1
2
])()([)(log10
)]()([)(1
log10)(
Experimental Results (cont’d)
:Method A
: Method B
: Zero-stuffing
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Experimental Results (cont’d)
Conclusions
• STE and STZL’s of a speech segment in a packet are sufficient parameters for reconstruction.
• Method A can be used until the packet loss rate get up to 40%
• Provide a smooth transition in energy