Reconstruction• Wade-Davis – Congressional Reconstruction• Andrew Johnson vs. Radical Republicans• Black Codes• Congressional Reconstruction• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments• Sharecropping• Crop Lien System• KKK• Election of 1876• Compromise of 1877• Redemption• Freedmen

New South

• Compromise of 1877 – Hayes ordered the troops out of the South

• Laissez-faire

• White supremacy

• Landlords, merchants, industrialists dominated

• White Democrats controlled politics, manipulated voting.

• Jim Crow – Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Populism

• Late 19th century – crop production increased• Led to a drop in prices (overproduction)• Farmers wanted more money in circulation (silver)• Grange movement (cooperatives)• Replaced by Farmers’ alliances (grew to the People’s

Party)• 1896 – backed W.J.B.• Cross of Gold Speech• Populist party was divided, gone after 1896• Their influence was felt in the Progressive movement.

Progressive Movement

• Jacob Riis – “How the Other Half Lives”

• Urban, middle class movement

• Lincoln Steffens – corruption in municipal government

• Ida Tarbell – Standard Oil

• Upton Sinclair – meat packing

• 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments

The Machine Age (1877-1900)

• Mass production/assembly line – impact on worker• Vertical integration/Horizontal Consolidation• Sherman Anti-Trust Act• Social Darwinism• Gospel of Wealth• Political machines• Haymarket Square Riot (1886)• Homestead Strike (1892)• Pullman Strike (1894) – In re Debs (1895)

Labor Unions

• With industrialization, the paternalistic family system of the farm disappeared.

• 1866 – National Labor Union• 1869 – Knights of Labor• 1886 – American Federation of Labor• 1902 – United Mine Workers strike for 1 ½ months

(T.R. intervened)• 1911 – Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire• 1920s – Unions fall out of favor

• 1935 – Wagner Act/Congress of Industrial Organizations

• 1936-37 – Sit-down strike in Flint• 1945 – Labor membership at an all time high• 1947 – Taft-Hartley Act overrules many pro-

labor elements of the Wagner Act.