Reconstruction 12 years of Rebuilding 1865 - 1877.
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Transcript of Reconstruction 12 years of Rebuilding 1865 - 1877.
![Page 1: Reconstruction 12 years of Rebuilding 1865 - 1877.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062422/56649ee05503460f94bf0183/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Reconstruction
12 years of Rebuilding
1865 - 1877
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The Freedman’s Bureau
• Helping establish rights for freed slaves
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California View
• Reconstruction
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Is Slavery Dead?
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Reconstruction
• Rebuilding the South
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3 Plans• President Lincoln’s = Mild & forgiving
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Points
• Amnesty to all willing to take an oath of loyalty to U.S.
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And
Southerners must support the Constitution
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Southern States would be
• Recognized when 1/10 of voters took oath of allegiance.
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II. Radical Republicans’ Plan
• Required a majority of voters to take loyalty oath.
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Thaddeus Stevens
• Radical Republicans did not want to reconcile with the South.
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3 Goals
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1. Former Confederate Officials
• Are banned from voting for state legislatures
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2. Republican Power in the
• South
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3. African Americans Gain
• Political Power through Government Help by guaranteeing their right to vote.
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Each State must outlaw
• Slavery
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Punishment
• Mild or Severe?
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Weak and Strong Govt
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III. President Johnson’s Plan
• Grant Pardons to all Southerners willing to take loyalty oath
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Except for
• People with property worth $20,000 or more.
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Confederate States had to :
• Revoke their resolutions to secede from the Union & outlaw slavery.
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Wade – Davis Bill
• Compromise of Moderates & Radical Republicans
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Conditions
• Majority of men take oath of allegiance
• Make new state constitution
• Deprive all former Confederate members of voting rights & govt. office
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Pocket Veto
• Not voting on a bill during a legislative session
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“No Persecution,
• No Bloody work.” A. Lincoln
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Conditions in the South
• Unemployed, homeless, starving
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40 acres & a mule
• Idea to confiscate Southern farms and redistribute land to former slaves.
• Didn’t fly.
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Freedmen’s Bureau
• Fed, clothed, educated, reunited families, negotiated contracts for workers, etc.
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13th Amendment
• 1865
• Banned Slavery and involuntary servitude
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Coretta Scott King dies
• On the anniversary of the passage of the 13th Amendment:
• January 31
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14th Amendment = 1868
• Protected the rights of Citizens
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14 th Amendment
• Citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S.
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15th Amendment = 1870
• Declared the right to vote cannot be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
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Military Reconstruction Act
• Divided the South into 5 Districts
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By 1868
• Tennessee, Florida, N.C. S.C. Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas are readmitted to the Union
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Andrew Johnson
• Democrat from Tn.
• Poor, uneducated
• Not Elected
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Black Codes
• Limited African Americans’ rights in the South.
• Conditions similar to slavery.
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Black Codes
• Rights:
• Can be legally Married
• Can own property
• Can sue in court
• Can go to school
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Restrictions of Black Codes
• Cannot marry whites
• Cannot serve on juries
• Cannot carry weapons
• Cannot testify against whites
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By 1869 =
• About 600,000 African Americans of all ages are in school.
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Radical Republicans realize
• That many former Confederate officers had been elected to Congress……
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. except Native Americans.
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African Americans can
• Own property
• Be treated equally in Court
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Tenure of Office Act
• Senate must approve the removal of any govt. official whose appointment had required the Senate’s consent.
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Sec. of War : Stanton
• Would enforce the Radical Republicans plans.
• Johnson fired him
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Impeachment for Johnson
• High Crimes and Misdemeanors
• Not Upholding the Tenure of Office Act
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Senate voted to impeach
• One vote short of conviction
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Johnson keeps his office
• But………..
• Little Power left
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Radical Republicans
• Pass the 15th Amendment – African Americans the right to vote
• Men Only
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U.S. Grant
• Unconditional Surrender Grant
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Ulysses S. Grant
• Union Civil War General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant wrote his Personal Memoirs as he was dying of throat cancer in order to secure his family's financial future
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Finally, on April 9, 1865
• at Appomattox Court House, Lee surrendered. Grant wrote out magnanimous terms of surrender that would prevent treason trials.
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President Grant
• Grant allowed Radical Reconstruction to run its course in the South, bolstering it at times with military force.
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Corruption in Grant’s Term
• Dishonest Aides
• Graft =