Reconciling Divergent World Views on Mercury Pollution...
Transcript of Reconciling Divergent World Views on Mercury Pollution...
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Reconciling Divergent World Views on Mercury Pollution:
Evolving thoughts on interdisciplinary and translational research
Nil BasuAssociate Professor and Canada Research Chair
(CRC) in Environmental Health Sciences
McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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ASGM
•Artisanal & Small-scale Gold Mining•>1,000 years old•Mainly in LMICs (low- and middle-income countries)
•Mainly informal (or illegal)•10-15 million miners; >100 million community members
•World’s largest source of mercury
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You and I →
HealthGuideline
Paruchuri et al. 2009. Sci Tot Environ. 408: 6079-85
Uri
ne
mer
cury
(u
g/L
)
Group ID #
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In the beginning…
• researcher
• discipline
• problem
• year
• $
• method
• plan
• understand
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My evolving thoughts…
• researchers
• disciplines
• problems
• years
• $$$
• methods
• plans
• understand broadly
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My evolving thoughts…
• researchers
• disciplines
• problems
• years
• $$$
• methods
• plans
• understand broadly
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Integrated Assessment (IA) of ASGM
“… a way of bringing together knowledge of ecosystems, people, and policy in order to find solutions for particularly challenging problems and to develop tools and information that policy makers can use.”
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Natural Sciences
Social Sciences
Human Health
Policy and Economics
Four discipline-specific workgroups: • 1+ Ghana-based co-leader• 1+ N. American co-leader• 4-6 members/group [30+]• 1 external, international advisor• 6 Ghanaian postdocs trained
Up front, co-design the plan
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2 31 4 5a b c d e f
Meetings → Activities → Outputs
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EnvironmentalToxicologist
Physicians
Social Scientists
Ecologists
Epidemiologists
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Ecologists
Social Scientists
Epidemiologists
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Social Scientists
Physicians Epidemiologists
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Social Scientists
Ecologists
Epidemiologists
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EnvironmentalToxicologist
Social Scientists
Physicians
Ecologists
Epidemiologists
-noise-injuries-malnutrition-stress-STDs
-globalization-family struct-women’s work-regulations-land tenure
-land degradation-deforestation-biodiversity loss-climate change-waste mgmt
-migration-community-malaria-WASH
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A more divergent view…
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yet a more holistic & convergent view
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My evolving thoughts…
• researchers (conversations, comradery = team)
• disciplines (natural, medical, social)
• problems (collaboratively; grander)
• years (trust, language, understanding)
• $$$ (is key)
• methods (interfaces + frontiers; time & practice)
• plans (meetings, project manager, evaluations)
• understand broadly (& deeply)
• YET, HOW APPLY AND MAKE AN IMPACT?
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“Action without study is fatal; study without
action is futile”- Mary Ritter Beard
- [thank you Richard Gutierrez, BanToxics]
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Photographer: Shawn Baldwin/Bloomberg
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- 26 Ghanaian Scientists- >10,000 datapoints reviewed- 37 presentations delivered- 22 publications- 6 Ghanaian postdocs trained- --------------------------------------- 38 Stakeholders- 35 Institutions represented- 9 meetings in 4 years- Inform national and
international programs- Spin-off activities numerous
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Researchers → Stakeholders
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Delphi Poll: Evidence → Options
• Based on inter-disciplinary evidence
• Iterative method of trawling opinion amongst stakeholders
• Process repeated until consensus/clusters of opinion reached
• Private and groups• Quantitative and
qualitative• Facilitated by STEPRI
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Impact(economic, social, environmental)
Feasibility(cost, acceptance, political will, logistics)
- Convergent and divergent results = deeper understanding
Delphi Poll: In Action
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Delphi Poll: No Simple Solutions
*** Input from diverse disciplinary scholars; stakeholder groups; Ghanaians
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Delphi Poll: No Simple Solutions
*** Input from diverse disciplinary scholars; stakeholder groups; Ghanaians
MERCURY FREE METHODS
”low” implementation & economic feasibility
vs. “high” benefit to people and environment
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Researchers → Stakeholders → ACTION
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• Oct 10-11, 2013: adopted and signed in Minamata and Kumamoto, Japan (Diplomatic Conference)
• Annex C - ASGM: reduce mercury, but also education, formalization, public health, vulnerable groups, etc.
• Article 16 (Health Aspects) emphasizes vulnerable populations (16.1a) including multi-sectoral approaches, education, risk reduction
• Article 18 (Public Information, Awareness) emphasizes education & training, and NGOs and vulnerable communities
• Article 19 (Research, Development, Monitoring) emphasizes a need to focus on vulnerable populations (19.1c)… collaboration
• Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) evidence-based metrics
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My evolving thoughts…
• research team incl. blue chip partners
• inter-disciplinary + sectoral
• grand problems & solutions
• Years → trust (flexibility & go to next level)
• $$$ (is key and more is better)
• diverse tested toolkit ever expands, innovates
• management plans → improvements in research
• basic & applied understanding → synthesize
• YET, HOW SCALE-UP & SUSTAIN?
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GEOHealth Program – Build Capacity
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GEOHealth - Objective
To support the development of institutions in the Low- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) that will serve as regional hubs for collaborative • research
• research training
• data management
• curriculum development
• knowledge translation
around high priority local, national, and regional environmental and occupational health threats
→ build capacity & sustainability
Award to US
institutions
Award to LMIC
Institutions
Research
Institutions
NGOs
Government Ministries and
Agencies
‘HUB & SPOKE MODEL’
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- 26 Ghanaian Scientists- 38 Stakeholders- 35 Institutions represented- 9 meetings in 4 years- >10,000 datapoints reviewed- 37 presentations delivered- 22 publications- 6 Ghanaian postdocs trained
ASGM TEAM
IDRC EcoHealth Chair
Air Pollution Team
SADC, W Africa, EU, Canada, USA, etc.
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metals
malaria
nutrition
dried bloodspots
metabolomics
legacy organics
emerging organics
TB
lung function
socio-demographics
air pollutants
personal cameras
wearable sensors
WASH
stress
job activities
DNA methylation
fish, birds, cattle
water, soil, food
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My final thoughts… (slide 1 of 3)
• researcher-stakeholder team shovel ready
• interdisciplinary esp. social scientists (justice, $$$)
• Stakeholder-driven problems = research → action
• years (time to build trust, platforms) - investment
• $$$$$ (is key; diversification; partners invest)
• quality toolkit fit for purpose; core-interfaces-frontiers
• management plans→ improved outputs & outcomes
• basic & applied understanding → synthesize & scale-up
• Design Thinking (empathize; define; ideate; test; iterate)
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We face grand challenges
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But we are NOT connecting
Environmental Health
(40,650 articles)
Infectious Disease
(53,406 articles)
PubMed Search Jan 11, 2019; last 10 yrs
471 articles0.5%
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Many Thanks to Teams and FundersG
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NIL BASU, PhDCanada Research Chair (CRC) in Environmental Health Sciences; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University
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research
action
GEOHealth
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Funders: Stakeholder-driven
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Mandate it
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GE3LS: Stakeholders-first
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GE3LS: ???
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Opening Remarks
• Apologies for missing yesterday
• Pollution kills; infectious agents kill; burden of disease is much too high
• Disproportionate impacts and vulnerable populations
• Env, biomedical, and health → economic and human rights issue
• Win – win – win solutions that sustain are possible
• Who “commands and controls”? The system is broken
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How to operationalize this?
• *** You could, therefore, lead the participants to thinking more holistically about collaborative types of research, especially across disciplinary boundaries,
• explain how to integrate such complex data and
• *** We would also like to hear your thoughts on the involvement of diverse communities in such collaborative research and especially in the decision-making process.
• what are the implications of such research for public health, medical, policy or even regulatory decisions.
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NSF Definition
• "Interdisciplinary research is a mode of research by teams or individuals that integrates information, data, techniques, tools, perspectives, concepts, and/or theories from two or more disciplines or bodies of specialized knowledge to advance fundamental understanding or to solve problems whose solutions are beyond the
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Planetary Health
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• Money
• Time
• People
• Disciplines
• Listen
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NSF Definition
• "Interdisciplinary research is a mode of research by teams or individuals that integrates information, data, techniques, tools, perspectives, concepts, and/or theories from two or more disciplines or bodies of specialized knowledge to advance fundamental understanding or to solve problems whose solutions are beyond the
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R&D (?)
Uptake (→)
Impact (*)
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EcoHealth & Planetary Health
Slide 84
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EcoToxChip
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Resources needed to nucleate
Nucleate
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Sponsors
• connect themselves
• mandate project managers
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• My stories are mine.• Subjective over objective; feelings are evidence
• What are yours
• Why do you do what you do?
• We need more heart in our work
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• What is it?
• How do we do it?
• Why do we do it?
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Interdisciplinarity
• http://drnissani.net/mnissani/pagepub/SMOOTHIE.htm
• Many forms
• Knowledge: 2+ disciplines
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People first
• Not for everyone; disciplines matter
• Respect voices
• Not easy. Dialogue of the deaf
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Yet we struggle with diversity
• Gender and ethnic put aside
• Gap between left and right especially in higher education
• Gap between science and affected communities
• Gap between science and at-large population
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Depth and Breadth
• Employers are increasing requiring expertise but also an expertise in reaching across
• Real-world often involves teams and stakeholder-driven research
• Training the next generation to engage in inter-disciplinary dialogue is central in tackling grand challenges
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Who are the stakeholders?
• How do we make our work more relevant to the public and ensure that it solves grand challenges?
• Extends beyond the nuts and bolts of our research to what it means and its ultimate goals
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• First base: the right people with right skills
• Second base: motivation and resources to do the research
• Third base: talk share your story. Have results…
• Home base: Home run. Translational
• Wait, the team, the team…. Interdisciplinary and intersectoral team