Reconciliation in Action

Treaty-Based Land Use Planning

Joe Copper Jack, Senior Policy and Planning AdvisorYukon Land Use Planning Council

11th National Lands Managers GatheringSeptember 11, 2018Kwanlin Dun Cultural Centre, Whitehorse, Yukon

Outline

1. YFN Treaty-Making History2. What is Regional Planning 3. How Regional Planning Promotes

Reconciliation4. Yukon Land Use Planning Process

Pre-Contact

• Chilkat Trail: Klukwan (Alaska) to Nahlin (Yukon) to Ft Selkirk (Yukon)

• Chilkoot Trail: Dyea (Alaska) to Nahlin (Yukon) to Ft Selkirk;

• Copper Trail: Copper River Delta (Alaska) to Coffee Creek (Yukon)

• Lansing Trail: Sahtu (NWT) to Stewart River (Yukon)

Kohklux Map 1869

Traditional Land Use & Occupancy

YukonGrowth

Yukon Territory~2000

Future

?

Yukon Territory~1960

Yukon Territory~1920

Source: Yukon State of Environment, 1999

Yukon Treaties

Yukon Treaties

• YNB (1968); YANSI (1969); CYI (1973)• Calder Case (Jan 1973)• YFN Negotiation Proposal ( Feb 1973)• First Final Agreement - rejected (1984)• First 4 YFN/UFA Signed (1993)• Last YFN Signing (2005)• 11 out of 14 YFNs treaties with Canada.

LCA Land Outcomes

• YFNs relinquish Aboriginal Rights and Title;• YFNs retains 8.5% settlement land of their

Traditional Territories;• Canada pays Financial Compensation for past

wrongs;• Politically neutral Boards and Committees

advises Parties, on all aspects of land Use Planning and Management.

UFA Traditional Territories 1993

Proposed LUP Boundaries

• Establishes a Vision for the region• Provides a basis for Decision-Making

(through Development Assessment)

• Provides an opportunity for periodic Review and Amendment

Land Use Planning

Planning in the YukonYukon Land Use Planning Council (YLUPC)

§ Yukon-wide advisory board re: regional planning§ 3 members: CYFN, Canada, Yukon§ Secretariat: Director, Sr Planner, Policy & Planning

Advisor, and Financial

Regional Planning Commission (RLUPC)§ Develops the regional land use plan§ 6 Commissioners: 2 YFN, 2 YG, 2 FN/Non-FN

demographic ratio

Yukon Land Use Planning Council

• Non-Political “Arms length” Public Body

• Council makes recommendation to the YFNs and YG regarding regional planning

• Council assists planning Commissions

• Review and recommend RLUPC work plans/budgets

Regional PlanningReconciliatory Process

§ Intergovernmental Relations (YFN-YG-Canada)§ TK and Scientific Knowledge§ Intertribal Relations (YFNs and FNs shared areas)§ First Nation Governance (Clans, Families, Area Reps)§ Between Land Users (Cons. vs Dev., People vs land dwellers)§ Between Government Agencies (Dept. Env. vs EMR vs Health)§ Public and Government Policy Direction (i.e. Peel)§ Regional Vision and Territorial/Federal Govt. § Past, Present and Future land users

Linking Processes• First Nation Planning • Development

Assessment Process• Economic

Development Strategies

• Fish and Forestry Management Plans

• Protected Area Strategies

• Yukon Water Strategy

• Tourism Strategies• Transportation

Strategies and Plans• Energy Strategies• Mining Initiatives/

Strategies Plans• Cultural Resource

Plans• Recreational Plans• Sub-regional Plans

North Yukon Plan

NYLUP helped reconcile Vuntut Gwitchin’s concerns about the impact of Oil and Gas on the Porcupine Caribou herd.

Reconciliation is continuing through the implementation and review of the land use plan

Eagle Plains 3D Seismic survey (2014)

New seismic (Late winter 2014)Old seismic (circa 1970)

Spur of Chance Ck Resource Road

LMU Designations

PA Protected Area

Zone I Lowest development

Zone II Low development

Zone III Moderate development

Zone IV Highest development

LAND CLAIM

CommissionEstablished Plan

1. General Planning Regions

3. Technical Working Group

4. Terms of Reference.

7. Options/Scenarios

8.DraftPlan/Rec.&Final Rec Plan

6. Information

5. Issues and Interests

2. Expressionof Interest

From Claim to PlanDawson: 4 yrs NYPC: 6 years to

approved planPeel

2.5 yrs PWPC

7 yrs

Chapter 11: Land Use Plan Approval Process

Peel Supreme Court Decision

• Final Recommended Plan Consultation is required before approval

• Pay close attention to the terms of the treaties• Modifications are limited • Changes circumstances can justify changes• Chapter 11 planning is “collaborative” planning• Politically neutral Commission has central role in

planning • Stay out of the courts

Best Practises: Peel Process

• Better instructions to the Commission what is “approvable,” and what is not “approvable;”

• Proposed Modifications to Recommended Plan be made sooner and clearer

• Spend more time planning; less time collecting data; and

• Clarify the public, land claim agreement agencies and stakeholders roles

Mahsi Cho (Big Thanks)Gunałchéesh (ThankYou)