Proteins

Recipe for Life

Ingredients:Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Amino Acids There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that

can be arranged in many different sequences to make a chain called a polypeptide.

Ex:

What elements are amino acids made of?

Polypeptide Chain

Polypeptide Chain (polymer)

Amino Acids (monomers)

ProteinsElements: Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H),

Oxygen (O), AND Nitrogen (N)

Monomer: Amino Acids 20 different amino acids Ex: trytophan, lysine

Polymer: polypeptide

ProteinsFunctions:

Transport & movement ( bone, muscle, and hemoglobin)

Signaling (Hormones like insulin)Defense (antibodies)Enzymes - control reaction rates

Transport and Movementsome proteins are responsible for the

transportation of smaller molecules from one part of the body to another, transport across cell membranes, etc.,

Examples: Transport proteins in the cell membrane Hemoglobin which carries oxygen in our blood Microtubules which move organelles around

during cell division

SignalingSome hormones are proteins that serve as

chemical messengers, carrying signals from one part of the body to another.

Examples: Non-steroidal hormones like insulin that regulate

sugar levels in our body.

DefenseSome proteins act as a means of defense

against invading pathogensExamples

Antibodies which are produced by white blood cells in order to defend your body against invaders and disease

EnzymesSome proteins speed up reactions increase

your metabolism for stomach digestion, pancreas function, blood clotting and converting glycogen into glucose.Examples

Amylase-converts starches to simple sugars in saliva

DNA polymerase-aids in constructing DNA Luciferase-creates bioluminescence found in

lightning bugs, glowworms, and the jack-o-lantern fungi!

Remember: Shape Matters!Proteins are made of long sequences of

amino acids (monomers) that we call polypeptides (polymers)

Once these amino acids bond to form these chains, they then go on to take a 3-Dimensional shape

Protein DenaturationThis shape is extremely important to how the

proteins work and if it is disrupted or altered in any way, its function can change or not happen at all!

When a protein loses its ability to perform its function due to a change in shape, we say that the protein is denatured.

Recipe for Life

Ingredients:Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids