Recent trend in textile composites .pptx

7/29/2019 Recent trend in textile composites .pptx

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TEXTILE COMPOSITES

Waqas Younus Paracha

Senior Research Assistant

Textile Research and Innovation Centre (TRIC)Textile Institute of Pakistan



TYPES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS.

• The basic types of engineering materials are:

• METALS.

•

POLYMERS (Plastics).• CERAMICS.

• COMPOSITES.



What is a composite?

• The term "composite" can be used in several

different ways, and the definition can range

from general to very specific.

• A broad definition of a composite is: "Two or

more dissimilar materials which when

combined are stronger than the individual

materials."



What is a composite?

• While the broad definition of composites is

accurate, it is too general.

• Composite materials (or composites for short)

are engineered materials made from two or

more constituent materials with significantly

different mechanical properties and which

remain separate and distinct within thefinished structure.



CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITE

MATERIALS:

Compositematerials

Fibre reinforcedcomposites

Carbon carboncomposites

Metal matrixcomposites

Ceramiccomposites

Organiccomposites

Engineeredwood

Plasticimpregnated or

laminated paper



Brief History of Composites

The use of natural composite materials has been

a part of man's technology since the first

ancient builder used straw to reinforce mud

bricks.



HISTORY OF COMPOSITES

• Israelites' use of chopped straw in their brick




• the Egyptian sarcophagi fashioned from glued

and laminated wood veneer and also their use

of cloth tape soaked in resin for mummy

embalming



The Etruscan "Sarcophagus of the Spouses", at the

National Etruscan Museum




• the Mongol warriors' high-performance,

recurved archery bows of bullock tendon,

horn, bamboo strips, silk and pine resin, which

are 80% as strong as our modern fiberglass

bows



A modern reconstruction, in fibreglass and wood, of a

historical composite bow




• Chinese bamboo rockets reinforced with rope

wrappings

• Japanese Samurai swords formed by the

repeated folding of a steel bar back on itself

• the early fabrication of steel and of iron gun

barrels in Damascus

• Roman artisans' use of ground marble in their

lime plaster, frescoes and pozzolanic mortar.



Time scale of composite

advancements



COMPOSITION OF A COMPOSITE

MATERIAL:

• Composites are made up of individual

materials referred to as constituent materials

• There are two categories of constituent

materials

– matrix

– Reinforcement



MATRIX (RESIN SYSTEMS)

• matrix holds the reinforcements in an orderlypattern

• the matrix also helps to transfer load

• Matrix materials are usually some type of plastic, and these composites are often calledreinforced plastics

•There are other types of matrices, such asmetal or ceramic, but plastics are by far themost common



MATRIX (RESIN SYSTEMS)•

The choice of a resin system for use in anycomponent depends on a number of itscharacteristics., with the following probably beingthe most important for most compositestructures:

• 1. Adhesive Properties

• 2. Mechanical Properties

•3. Micro-Cracking resistance

• 4. Fatigue Resistance

• 5. Degradation from Water Ingress



TYPES OF MATRIX (RESIN SYSTEMS)

• Most commonly used resin systems are:

• Polyester resins

•

Vinyl ester resins• Epoxy resins



Some properties of resin systems:



REINFORCEMENTS

• The role of the reinforcement in a composite

material is fundamentally one of increasing

the mechanical properties

• All of the different fibres used in composites

have different properties and so affect the

properties of the composite in different ways



REINFORCEMENTS

• individual fibres or fibre bundles can only be

used on their own in a few processes such as

filament winding. For most other applications,

the fibres need to be arranged into some form

of sheet, known as a fabric, to make handling

possible.



• These fabrics can be made through different

textile techniques such as braiding, weaving,

knitting and sometimes even Non wovens can

be used as reinforcements.

• Therefore the utilization of all these textile

techniques gave rise to the name TEXTILE

COMPOSITES.



PROPERTIES OF REINFORCING FIBERS

• The four main factors that govern the fibre’scontribution are:

• 1. The basic mechanical properties of the fibreitself.

• 2. The surface interaction of fibre and resin(the ‘interface’).

• 3. The amount of fibre in the composite (‘FibreVolume Fraction’).

• 4. The orientation of the fibres in thecomposite.



Material Type Tensile Strength

(MPa)

Tensile Modulus

(GPa)

Typical Density

(g/cc)

Specific

Modulus

Carbon HS 3500 160 - 270 1.8 90 - 150

Carbon IM 5300 270 - 325 1.8 150 - 180

Carbon HM 3500 325 - 440 1.8 180 - 240

Carbon UHM 2000 440+ 2.0 200+

Aramid LM 3600 60 1.45 40

Aramid HM 3100 120 1.45 80

Aramid UHM 3400 180 1.47 120

Glass - E glass 2400 69 2.5 27

Glass - S2 glass 3450 86 2.5 34

Glass - quartz 3700 69 2.2 31

Aluminium Alloy (7020) 400 1069 2.7 26

Titanium 950 110 4.5 24

Mild Steel

(55 Grade)450 205 7.8 26

Stainless Steel

(A5-80)800 196 7.8 25

HS Steel

(17/4 H900) 1241 197 7.8 25

TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME

REINFORCEMENTS:



WAYS TO MANUFACTURE A

COMPOSITE MATERIAL

• Engineered composite materials must beformed to shape

• The matrix material can be introduced to the

reinforcement before or after thereinforcement material is placed into the moldcavity or onto the mold surface

•

The matrix material experiences a meldingevent, after which the part shape is essentiallyset



• Depending upon the nature of the matrixmaterial, this melding event can occur invarious ways such as chemical polymerization

or solidification from the melted state.• In general, the reinforcing and matrix

materials are combined, compacted andprocessed to undergo a melding event

• After the melding event, the part shape isessentially set



• There are different type of moulding

processes which can be utilized to form a

composite material. These can be

• Vacuum bag moulding

• Pressure bag moulding

• Autoclave moulding

• Resin transfer moulding (RTM)



VACUUM BAG MOULDING



AUTO CLAVE MOULDING



RESIN TRANSFER MOULDING



TEXTILE COMPOSITES...THE WAY

FORWARD

• APPLICATIONS IN THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY:

• composite materials comprise more than 20%

of the A380's airframe. Carbon-fibre

reinforced plastic, glass-fibre reinforced plastic

and quartz-fibre reinforced plastic are used

extensively in wings, fuselage sections (such

as the undercarriage and rear end of fuselage), tail surfaces, and doors.



APPLICATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

• Textile composites have been used in

construction since the 1960s, and

• though they do not hold a prominent place

compared with that of traditional

• construction materials, their use is on the

increase



APPLICATIONS IN THE MEDICAL

INDUSTRY

• Splinting materials for the repair of broken

bones are not only the largest

• medical market for textile reinforced

composites, but the oldest



APPLICATIONS IN THE SPORTS

INDUSTRY

• Conventional composite materials generally

consist of a reinforcing textile structure and a

surrounding matrix with other mechanical

properties



APPLICATIONS IN THE DEFENCE

INDUSTRY

• In 2007 an all-composite military High

Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle

(HMMWV or Hummvee) was introduced by

TPI Composites Inc and Armor Holdings Inc,the first all-composite military vehicle. By

using composites the vehicle is lighter,

allowing higher payloads



• Considering the given examples, one can

easily see that a virtually limitless

• number of material combinations are possible

• Hence,

THINK BIG

THINK COMPOSITES!!!!!THANK YOU

Recent trend in textile composites .pptx

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