Two-dimensional observation on TeV Cosmic-ray anisotropy using the Tibet Air Shower Array
Recent status of LHCf to improve the cosmic-ray air shower modeling
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Transcript of Recent status of LHCf to improve the cosmic-ray air shower modeling
KMI2013@Nagoya 1
Recent status of LHCf to improve the cosmic-ray air shower modeling
Takashi SAKO (KMI/STEL, Nagoya University)
for the LHCf Collaboration
13-Dec-2013
OutlineStandard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray SpectrumLHCf
Experiment OverviewResultsFuture
Summary
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Standard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
Cosmic-ray accelerators = PeVatrons have finite size and B field => Acceleration limit same in rigidity for different nuclei
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Rigidity (pc/Z)
Flux
Acceleration limit of SNR approx. 4x1015 V
protonHeliumLight ionsHeavy ions
Standard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
In term of ‘Energy,’ heavier particles have Z times higher energy than protons
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Energy
Flux
protonHeliumLight ions
Heavy ions
Standard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
Over GCR max energy, Extra-galactic CRs appear
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Energy
Flux
Scale-up for Extra-Galactic sourcesGalactic CRs
Standard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
QuestionsEnd of GCRTurn over from GCR to EGCRCutoff (acc. Limit, proton GZK, ion GZK)
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Energy
Flux
knee
ankle(GZK) cutoff
1015 eV 1018 eV 1020 eV
Standard Scenario of the Cosmic-Ray Spectrum
Mass vs. EnergyLight below kneeLight to heavy over kneeHeavy to light around ankleLight or light to heavy around cutoff7
Energy
Flux
knee
ankle(GZK) cutoff
1015 eV 1018 eV 1020 eV
mas
s
light (=proton)
heavy
?
Mass vs. EnergyLight < kneeLight to heavy over kneeHeavy to light around ankleLight or light to heavy around cutoff8
Energy
Flux
knee
ankle(GZK) cutoff
1015 eV 1018 eV 1020 eV
mas
s
light (=proton)
heavy ?
9(Kampert and Unger, Astropart. Phys., 2012)
QGSJET1 QGSJETII
SIBYLL EPOSletter-to-PAC_20131206letter-to-PHENIX_2013120
Interpretation depends on the hadronic interaction model
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① Inelastic cross section
② Forward energy spectrum
If large k (π0s carry more energy) rapid developmentIf small k ( baryons carry more energy) deep penetrating
If large s rapid developmentIf small s deep penetrating ④ 2ndary interactions
nucleon, p
③ Inelasticity k= 1-plead/pbeam
If softer shallow developmentIf harder deep penetrating
Soft interaction (non-perturbative QCD) dominatesVarious phenomenological models are proposed
(keywords: Regge theory, multi-Pomeron interaction, Glauber theory)Experimental inputs are important
LHC gives the best opportunity
2ry particle flow at collidersmultiplicity and energy flux at LHC 14TeV collisions
Energy Flux
All particles
neutral
Most of the energy flows into very forward √s=14 TeV pp collision corresponds to Elab=1017eV
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Multiplicity
Large Hadron Collider forward(LHCf)
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*Y.Itow, K.Kawade, Y.Makino, K.Masuda, Y.Matsubara,
E.Matsubayashi, Y.Muraki, *T.Sako, *N.Sakurai, Y.Sugiura, Q.D.Zhou Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Japan *Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Japan H.Menjo Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan K.Yoshida Shibaura Institute of Technology, JapanK.Kasahara, Y.Shimizu, T.Suzuki, S.Torii Waseda University, JapanT.Tamura Kanagawa University, JapanM.Haguenauer Ecole Polytechnique, FranceW.C.Turner LBNL, Berkeley, USAO.Adriani, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, R.D’Alessandro, M.Delprete, M.Grandi, G.Mitsuka, P.Papini, S.Ricciarini, G.Castellini INFN, Univ. di Firenze, ItalyA.Tricomi INFN, Univ. di Catania, Italy J.Velasco, A.Faus IFIC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UVEG, SpainA-L.Perrot CERN, Switzerland
The LHCf experiment (Oct. 2013-)
( -Mar2013)
The LHC forward experiment
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ATLASLHCf Arm#1
LHCf Arm#2
140m
Two independent detectors at either side of IP1 (Arm#1, Arm#2 )
Charged particles (+)Beam
Charged particles (-)
Neutral particles
Beam pipe
96mm
All charged particles are swept by dipole magnet Neutral particles (photons and neutrons) arrive at LHCf 0 degree is covered
LHCf Detectors
Arm#1 Detector20mmx20mm+40mmx40mm4 XY SciFi+MAPMT
Arm#2 Detector25mmx25mm+32mmx32mm4 XY Silicon strip detectors
Imaging sampling shower calorimeters Two calorimeter towers in each of Arm1 and Arm2 Each tower has 44 r.l. of Tungsten,16 sampling scintillator and 4
position sensitive layers
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LHCf StatusDone
0.9, 2.76, 7 TeV pp collision, 5 TeV pPb collision data takingPhoton spectra at 0.9 and 7TeV publishedπ0 spectra at 7 TeV publishedPerformance at 0.9 and 7TeV published
On goingNeutron spectra at 7TeVπ0 and UPC spectra at 5TeV pPbRad-hard detector upgrade for 13 TeV pp
Plan13TeV pp collision in 2015 (operation plan in discussion)0.5TeV pp at RHIC (LOI submitted)Discussions for light ion collision at RHIC and LHC
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Photon spectra @ 7TeV (Data vs. Models)
DPMJET 3.04 QGSJET II-03 SIBYLL 2.1 EPOS 1.99 PYTHIA 8.145
Adriani et al., PLB, 703 (2011) 128-134Around 0 degree (On axis) Off axis
Photon spectra @ 900GeV
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Adriani et al., PLB, 715 (2012) 298-303
900GeV vs. 7TeV
Comparison in the same pT range (pT<0.13xF
GeV/c) Normalized by # of events XF > 0.1 Statistical error only
XF spectra : 900GeV data vs. 7TeV data
Preliminary
Data 2010 at √s=900GeV(Normalized by the number of entries in XF > 0.1)Data 2010 at √s=7TeV (η>10.94)
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π0 analysis • π0 candidate• 599GeV & 419GeV photons in 25mm
and 32mm tower, respectively• M = θ√(E1xE2)
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Longitudinal development
Lateral development
Silicon X
Silicon Y
Small Cal.
LargeCal.
m 140= R
I.P.1θ
γ1(E1)
γ2(E2)
140mR
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Adriani et al., PRD, 86, 092001 (2012)
π0 pT distribution in different rapidity (y) ranges
Confirmation of xF scaling
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Preliminary
Phase space of LHC 900GeV data
Phase space of LHC 7TeV data
Events selected from very narrow phase space to compare with 900GeV result
p T (Ge
V/c)
p T (Ge
V/c)
E (GeV) E (GeV)
Color map: photon production rateRed triangle: LHCf acceptance
LHCf@RHIC=RHICf
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Cosmic-ray spectrum & Colliders
LHC
13T
eV
Teva
tron
LHC
0.9
TeV
LHC
7 T
eV
SppS
RHICISR
1010 1020 eV
Knee: end of galactic proton CREnd of galactic CR and transition to extra-gal CR
Ankle(GZK) cutoff: end of CR spectrum
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Next Step of LHCfAnalysis
Impact on air shower calculation / CR physicsPhoton spectra at √s = 0.9 TeV in analysisπ0 spectra in analysis PT spectraHadron spectra (photon/hadron ratio)Test for LPM effectCorrelation with central production (joint analysis with ATLAS)
MeasurementsLHC √s = 14 TeV pp LHC p-Pb in studyPossibility in the other collidersDream : N-p, N-N, N-Fe (N; Nitrogen) in future
In progress/assuredIn consideration
SLIDE in 2011
at KMIIN
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Next Step of LHCfAnalysis
Impact on air shower calculation / CR physicsPhoton spectra at √s = 0.9 TeV in analysisπ0 spectra in analysis PT spectraHadron spectra (photon/hadron ratio)Test for LPM effectCorrelation with central production (joint analysis with ATLAS)
MeasurementsLHC √s = 14 TeV pp LHC p-Pb in studyPossibility in the other collidersDream : N-p, N-N, N-Fe (N; Nitrogen) in future
In progress/assuredIn consideration
Dr. Sakurai joinedDone!Done!
Complete soon
Preparation on goingOperation done! Analysis on going
LOI to RHIC
Discussion at RHIC and LHC
PRIME TARGET
Baryon
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43 participants13 from abroad
LHCfTOTEMALICECMSPHENIX
Cosmic Ray
DiffractionCGCUPCInteraction Model
SummaryDetermination of the CR mass (chemical) composition is important to understand the CR origin
LHCf is motivated to constrain the hadronic interaction models used to interpret the cosmic-ray air shower data
Successful operations at LHC p-p and p-Pb collisions
Three physics publications and some ongoing analysis
No surprise so far but set strong constraints to the models
Preparation for the highest energy operation in progress
Discussions for future plan startedRHIC; validation of Feynman scalingRHIC; first light ion collisionLHC; highest energy light ion collision
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Backup
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small-η
= Large tower
big-η =Small tower
900GeV vs. 7TeV
Normalized by # of evnetsXF > 0.1
Statistical error only
XF spectra : 900GeV data vs. 7TeV data
Good agreement of XF spectrum shape between 900 GeV and 7 TeV.
PreliminaryData 2010 at √s=900GeV(Normalized by the number of entries in XF > 0.1)Data 2010 at √s=7TeV (η>10.94)
LHCf coverage in XF-pT plane (XF = E/Ebeam)
900GeV vs. 7TeVwith the same PT region
900 GeV Small+large tower
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0.1
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xF scaling : a key for extrapolation
Preliminary
7TeV scaled (h>10.94) 0.9TeV (h>8.68)
Data
LHC single gamma data (900GeV pp / 7TeV pp)
Expected from models(5TeV, 14TeV and 50TeV)
But this comparison done in very limited phase space..