Recent Examples IV – East-West Migration Within Europe
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Transcript of Recent Examples IV – East-West Migration Within Europe
Recent Examples IV – East-West Migration Within Europe
The Current Debate, Problems and Measures
Boryana Chervilova
The Debate
• 1 May 2004 – the Controversial EU Enlargement
- Fears and Scepticism + Enriching Opportunity €
Fears of the Host Countries
• „Welfare Tourism“• Reduced Wages• Displacement Effects• Damage to the Welfare System
Restrictions: Transitional Agreements
The 4 Different EU-15 Regimes
• 1) Be, Lux, Fin, De, Fr, Gre,Sp – no more rights of movement than to the non-EEA nationals (reunions)
• 2) Au, Den, It, Por, the Netherlands – quotas.
• 3) UK, Ireland – unrestricted access, restricted social benefits.
• 4) Sweden – EU community rules apply.
Alternative Viewpoint • Analysts: Restrictions=domestic
political concerns of slowing economies, unemployment and anti-immigration sentiments.
• Lack of language skills and propensity to move
• Case of Greece´81, Sp.&Por ´86• Declined wages counteracted by “
labor => new investments”
Alternative Viewpoint continued
• Displacement – only if jobs are a fixed number
• Higher incomes not enough to be a push factor of migration, but also availability of jobs
• Imposition of labor restrictions against the EU spirit
I Problems of New Member States
• The Czech Case:
Unemployment (Northern Moravia)Lack of investment; the “poorer neighbour complex” (border with
Germany)Brain drain and youth-drain
(educational migration)
Problems II
• Quality of Immigration Coverage (QIC)
• Quality of Emmigration Coverage (QEC)
Quality of Statistical Data
Measures I• Schengen Aquis to avoid turbullences in the
labor market• FDI• Structural Development Funds• Improve economic climate • Realize benefits of larger markets,
possibilities for outsourcing, and cheaper labour
• Countries develop faster &attract citizens back home
Sources: UNESCO, the CIA, the New Economics Foundation, the World Health Organisation, the Veenhoven Database, the Latinbarometer, the Afrobarometer and the UNHDR.
Measures II
• Standardize migration definitions– Okólski (2004): 7 types of flows– UN definitions
• Develop stronger European legislation for statistics supplied to Eurostat– Currently – non-binding UN
recommendations
Thank You For Your Attention!