Do learners predict a shift from recency to primacy with ...
Recency vs Primacy -- an ongoing project
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Recency vs Primacy-- an ongoing project
Nov 17th 2009
Juan Gao
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People
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Question
• What is the mechanism underlying perceptual decision making in time-controlled paradigm?
I1 I2
X1 X2
Leaky competing accumulators
Usher and McClelland 2001
Two successful models
Accumulation to the bound
Ratcliff 1978, 1999, Kiani et.al.2008,
t
x
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How are they different
• In ATB– earlier > later --primacy.
• In LCA– earlier > later if inhibition> leak --primacy; – later > earlier if leak>inhibition --recency.
See also a theoretical study by Zhou, Wong-Lin and Holmes 2009
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Usher McClelland 2001
H S H H H S H S H H S H S S S S
A sequence of 16 H and S letters flashing one by one. Are their more Hs or Ss?
leak > inhibition inhibition > leak
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Kiani, Tanks and Shadlen 2008
Random dots. Time controlled.
Stimulus duration = exponential distribution.
‘go’ cue followed by 300ms response window.
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Earlier pulse matters more
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Earlier pulse matters more
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Two monkeys? Earlier > Later for all subjects?
Earlier > Later in all moving dots experiments?
If no, what determines it?If Yes, ATB
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Ongoing Experiment
• Random dot motion stimuli, following the procedure in Kiani et.al.
• Multiple coherences, [6.4, 12.8, 25,6, 51.2]. But for figures in this talk, we collapse data across coherence levels.
• Three participants per experiment, each run for up to 25 sessions
• Ongoing recruitment, Ongoing analysis…
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The experiments
0. Repeat Kiani 2008
1. Same question, different experiment setup.
2. Release the time pressure.
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Experiment 1Stimulus Duration
1) Early
2) Late
3) Constant
4) Switch
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
CS
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
CS
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateMT
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateMT
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
SC
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Results in Exp.1
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
SC
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Take home message
• Yes, it seems earlier > later in all three subjects with this time pressure.
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The experiments
0. Repeat Kiani 2008
1. Same question, different experiment setup.
2. Release the time pressure.– Stimulus duration: exponential uniform;– Response Window: 300ms 1 s.
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateMM
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateMM
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateWW
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.60.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switch
earlyconstant
lateWW
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
DG
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Results in Exp.2, without time pressure
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
switchearlyconstantlate
DG
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Take home message
• Yes, it seems earlier > later in all three subjects with this time pressure.
• As time pressure gets released, earlier = later.
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Take home message
• Yes, it seems earlier > later in all subjects with this time pressure.
• As time pressure gets released, earlier = later.
• Uniform distribution only long stimulus condition: later > earlier.
possible future direction
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Take home message
• Yes, it seems earlier > later in all subjects with this time pressure.
• As time pressure gets released, earlier = later.
• Uniform distribution only long stimulus condition: later > earlier.
possible future direction
![Page 30: Recency vs Primacy -- an ongoing project](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681319e550346895d980ef5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What this means to the models
• So far– LCA can account for the observations by
decreasing the inhibition.– ATB can do the same by raising the bound.
• When future is now, If later> earlier – LCA is more general.
• Is decision making a fixed process or does it depends on experiment setup?
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Back up slides
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0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y
500ms-kg.mat
switchearlyconstantlate
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0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.40.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Time (s)
Acc
urac
y500ms-jl.mat
switchearlyconstantlate
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A theoretical study
Zhou, Wong-Lin and Holmes 2009
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Usher McClelland 2001
H S H H H S H S H H S H S S S S
A sequence of 16 H and S letters flashing one by one. Are their more Hs or Ss?
![Page 36: Recency vs Primacy -- an ongoing project](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/5681319e550346895d980ef5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Literature 1Drift Diffusion model: dx = A dt + noise. A is a constant
Zhou, Wong-Lin and Holmes 2009
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Literature 1OU process: dx = (bx+A) dt + noise. Stable when b<0, unstable when b>0.
Zhou, Wong-Lin and Holmes 2009
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Results in Exp 1. The pulse study
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
SC
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-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
-0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
mt
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Both successful models
Time (ms)
Usher and McClelland 2001
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