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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Measuring of academic performance of students is challenging since
students performance is product of physiological, psychological, economic and
social factors. The extent of students learning in academics may be determined
by the grades that a student earns for a period of learning had been done. It is
believed that a grade is a primary factor that indicates of such learning. If a
student earns high grades it is concluded that they may also had learned a lot
while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and
studies found out that there are also several factors that would affect the grades.
Not a single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It had been
interplay of so many factorsgender, IQ, study habits, age, year level, parents
educational attainment, social status, number of siblings, birth order, etc. In fact,
almost all of existing environmental and personal factors are a variable of
academic performance.
Students are facing with many issues in their lives, and because of the
competing things for your attention, its hard to concentrate on studying. Studying
can seem very boring when compared to any other exciting activity. You may
even prefer doing non-sense things rather than to study your lessons. Too many
people treat studying as the thing to do when you get around to it or have some
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spare time, too many people look at studying as necessary task, not an
enjoyment or an opportunity to learn (Grohol, 2006).
Studying is important in our lives, especially to the lives of the students.
Each student as unique individual had different abilities, approaches, ways of
thinking, interests and ways of studying the lessons. These individual differences
had significant influences on ones learning style and acquisition. Each student
had different methods and ways of studying and these methods are sometimes
helpful but some are not as effective as the others (Oppapers, 2010).
One reason we often dont start studying until last possible minute is that
we had misjudged how long it will actually take as to absorb and understand the
material we are studying. If you are a student attending classes, you had
probably experienced many moments when it is hard to make yourself settled
down and study even when an important exam is coming up. Most student put off
studying until the very last minute. The night before the exam youll stay up all
night cramming, getting little or no asleep at all. In the morning youll drag
yourself out of bed and wake yourself lots of coffee and go into the exam feeling
exhausted, stressed out and nervous. Youll find it hard to focus or think and
answer the exam questions.
Nowadays, students are faced with lots of stressors such as physiologic,
psychological, social and economic status which somehow affect their academic
performance. Moreover, numerous temptations around are present which cause
them to drift away from their studies. Students play the lead role in obtaining
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good grades to acquire good education. Hence the researchers were motivated
to conduct a study on the factors affecting their academic performance.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Figure 1
The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
Figure 1 presents the factors affecting the academic performance of level
II nursing students in the different areas such as physiologic, psychologic,
economic and social factors as the independent variable and the academic
performance as the dependent variable.
Factors
Physiological
Psychological
Social
Economic
Academic Performance
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Statement of the Problem
This study focused on the factors affecting the academic performance of
level II nursing students of Universidad de Zamboanga. Specifically, it answered
the following questions:
1. What is the academic performance of the respondents?
2. What are the factors affecting the academic performance of the respondents
in terms of:
2.1) Physiological factors
2.2) Psychological factors
2.3) Social factors
2.4) Economic factors
3. What is the most common factor affecting the academic performance when
physiological, psychological, social and economic factors are considered?
Significance of the study
This study is of utmost important as this would help in determining the
most possible effective strategy that promotes improvement in the academic
performance of the students. This is specifically significant to the following:
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Students
The study provides the students full awareness on the factors affecting
their academic performance and they will know how to manage the problem after
which this will be brought to the care of their parents and the department. This
may serve as a motivation for the students to improve their academic
performance in determining ways which may help them in their studies.
Faculty
Result may help further evaluate their teaching skills and to help improve
any weakness of the students in classroom performance. Through this study,
they may identify which factor affects the student the most and at the same time
how to improve the academic performance by meeting the students needs and
concerns.
Parents
The result of this study will help them understand the needs of their
daughter/sons thus helping them improve their academic performance and
provide support based on the needs determined through the study.
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Nursing Department
The result of the study serves as a baseline information on the academic
performance of the students in the department as well as the factors specifically
affects the decline of their grades, hence, initiation of plans and programs will be
outlined to address the needs for the betterment of the department as a whole.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study was limited to determining the factors affecting the academic
performance of level II nursing students of Universidad de Zamboanga, who
enrolled during the first semester of the school year 2012-2013. This study
entailed review of students records, specifically their pre-mid and midterm
grades in all the major subjects to include NCM 101 ( Care of the Mother and
Child), Microbiology/ Parasitology ( lecture and laboratory), Community Health
Nursing (CHN),Basis of choosing the respondents depend whether after a
comparison made between the two terms showing a decline in the midterm
grades, hence only 21 students were considered as subjects of the study out of
38 initially chosen respondents who gave the consent to become the subjects of
the study.
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Definition of Terms
Academic Performance refers to the Pre-mid and Midterm grades of the
respondents in all their Major subjects during the 1st semester of school year
2012-2013.
Factors are the conditions affecting the respondent academic performance
classified into:
Economic Factor Refers to the financial state of the
respondents
Physiological Factor Refers to the physical condition of the
respondents.
Psychological Factor Refers to the respondents emotional and
mental state.
Social Factor Refers to the respondents interpersonal
relationship with others.
Level II Nursing Students. refers to the respondent of this study who are
currently enrolled for the school year 2012-2013 1st semester.
Universidad De Zamboanga refers to the university were the respondents are
currently enrolled.
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CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology presents the method and procedures used in the
research. These are the research design, locale of the study, respondents of the
study, sampling design, research instrument, data gathering procedures and
statistical treatment.
Research Design
This study used the descriptive research because the study wanted to
determine the academic performance of BSN level 2. This is the most
appropriate method on inquiry about the present status and condition of
particular phenomenon. Concepts and procedures of general description,
analysis, and classifications are discussed and illustrated in considerable detail.
This method tends to cover the qualitative analysis of inquiry such as the present
investigation. Descriptive technique is to tell what exist or what is about a
certain educational phenomenon. It may likewise include a study on factors or
current conditions about the nature of the group of individuals or a class of
events which may involve induction, classification, analysis or a class of events
which may involve induction, classification, analysis, enumeration, or
measurement (Manuel, 2000).
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Locale of the study
The study was conducted at Universidad de Zamboanga, School of Allied
Medicine, specifically at the 3rd floor, Science Building, Main Campus, Don
Toribio St., Tetuan, Zamboanga City. School of Allied Medicine offers five
programs which are the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), Bachelor of
Science in Medical Technology (BSMT), Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy
(BSPh), Bachelor of Science in Respiratory Therapy (BSRT) and Bachelor of
Science in Radiologic Technology (BSRad).
Respondent of the Study
The respondents of the study were the BSN 2nd year students currently
enrolled during the first semester of the school year 2012-2013. Level 2 students
were divided into two sections: sections A and B. There were 54 students in level
2, but only 38 gave their consent to have a copy of their grades ( Please see
attached consent in Appendix ), hence only 38 respondents were involved in this
research. Out of the 38 students, only 21 students were considered official
respondents because there was a decrease in their academic performance.
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Sampling Design
Purposive sampling was utilized in this study. This type of sampling is also
called deliberate sampling where the samples are selected based on the
judgment of the researcher on who would best qualify to be the samples of the
study.
The researchers first identified the respondents based on their grades. A
comparison was made between the two term grades (Pre-mid and Mid-term) and
should there be any decline on the grades of the respondents automatically that
particular student becomes the respondent.
Data Gathering Procedure
The gathering of data started after the approval of the letter of permission
to conduct the survey from the director of School of Allied Medicine and program
chair of the nursing department.
Furthermore the researchers wrote a letter addressed to the respondents
seeking permission to have a copy of their grades noted and approved by the
research adviser and Program chair, at the same time letter of permission was
sent to the different instructors of the respondents seeking permission to obtain
the grades of the respondents. The researchers gathered the grades from the
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respective instructors after being assured that the data gathered would be
handled with utmost confidentiality.
Statistical Treatment
Researchers utilized the following statistical tools to answer the problems
in the study.
Weighted mean was used to determine the academic performance of the
respondents.
Frequency and percentage were used to determine the factors affecting
the academic performance of the respondents.
Weighted mean was used to determine the factors that affects the
academic performance of the poorly performing students.
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CHAPTER III
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data.
Problem 1: What is the academic performance of the respondents?
Table 1
Academic Performance of the Respondents
Respondents Subjects Pre-mid Midterm Average Difference
1Micro/Para 81.5 85 -3.5
NCM 101 77 78 -1
CHN 78 80 -2
2Micro/Para 72.2 83.5 -11.3
NCM 101 70 73 -3
CHN 74 75 -1
3Micro/Para 92.3 93.5 -1.2
NCM 101 81 82 -1
CHN 82 87 -5
4
Micro/Para 78.1 78.5 -0.4
NCM 101 74 75 -1CHN 79 73 6
5Micro/Para 75 74 1
NCM 101 79 82 -3
CHN 84 88 -4
6Micro/Para 74 80 -6
NCM 101 76 77 -1
CHN 68 82 -14
7Micro/Para 80.6 80 0.6
NCM 101 80 76 4
CHN 76 86 -10
8
Micro/Para 88.4 88 -0.4
NCM 101 79 76 3CHN 74 82 -8
9Micro/Para 88.85 89.5 0.65
NCM 101 78 79 -1
CHN 77 78 -1
10Micro/Para 94.3 94.5 -0.2
NCM 101 74 83 -9
CHN 78 81 -3
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11Micro/Para 74.6 88.5 -13.9
NCM 101 73 74 -1
CHN 74 82 -8
12Micro/Para 86.15 91 -4.85
NCM 101 72 75 -3
CHN 81 81 0
13 Micro/Para 77.95 78.5 -0.55NCM 101 75 74 1
CHN 70 81 -11
14Micro/Para 90 87.3 2.7
NCM 101 75 74 1
CHN 74 74.67 -0.67
15Micro/Para 92 86.4 5.6
NCM 101 75 73 2
CHN 74 80.60 -6.6
16Micro/Para 79 83.85 -4.85
NCM 101 72 72 0
CHN 77.33 75.73 1.6
17 Micro/Para 83.5 89.1 -5.6NCM 101 71 75 -4
CHN 72.8 79.07 -6.27
18Micro/Para 83.5 83.05 0.45
NCM 101 75 75 0
CHN 73.47 80.60 -7.13
19Micro/Para 77 79.2 -2.2
NCM 101 69 73 -4
CHN 70.6 75.73 -5.13
20Micro/Para 83.5 84.1 -0.6
NCM 101 72 70 2
CHN 73.2 80.33 -7.13
21Micro/Para 79.5 84.9 -5.4
NCM 101 71 74 -3
CHN 72.67 80.67 -8
22Micro/Para 82.5 81 1.5
NCM 101 72 72 0
CHN 72.4 81.93 -9.53
23Micro/Para 89 79.33 9.67
NCM 101 77 73 4
CHN 80.33 80.27 0.06
24Micro/Para 88.2 78.88 9.32
NCM 101 76 76 0
CHN 78.57 78.13 0.44
25
Micro/Para 87 87.7 -0.7
NCM 101 78 74 4CHN 75.30 78.80 -3.5
26Micro/Para 84 83.6 0.4
NCM 101 74 73 1
CHN 75.53 80.60 -5.07
27Micro/Para 85.5 88.95 -3.45
NCM 101 76 75 1
CHN 76.67 81.87 -5.2
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Table 1 shows the academic performance of the respondents. The data
reveal that out of the 38 respondents, only 21 students have a decrease from
their pre-mid grades to mid-term grades. Researchers identifies that only few of
them has shown a difference in their Pre-mid and Midterm grades. The highest
average difference score seen in Table 1 is 6.
28Micro/Para 83.5 88.1 -4.6
NCM 101 69 74 -5
CHN 81.27 77.67 3.6
29Micro/Para 87.5 86.9 0.6
NCM 101 75 74 1
CHN 75 82.53 -7.53
30Micro/Para 75 76 -1
NCM 101 69 74 -5
CHN 72 73 -1
31Micro/Para 77 76 1
NCM 101 80 78 2
CHN 70.93 79.33 -8.4
32Micro/Para 73 84.85 -11.85
NCM 101 70 76 -6
CHN 82.47 79.27 3.2
33Micro/Para 95.5 89.55 5.95
NCM 101 75 83 -8
CHN 80.2 84.0 -3.8
34Micro/Para 74 76 -2
NCM 101 76 73 3
CHN 77.57 77.33 0.24
35Micro/Para 82.5 82.75 -0.25
NCM 101 75 72 3
CHN 79.73 81.33 -1.6
36Micro/Para 87.5 82.6 4.9
NCM 101 81 75 6
CHN 77.33 80.47 -3.14
37Micro/Para 76 82.7 -6.7
NCM 101 72 73 -1
CHN 67.6 80.47 -12.87
38Micro/Para 81 87.4 -6.4NCM 101 75 72 3
CHN 74.47 79.80 -5.33
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Problem 2: What are the factors affecting the Academic Performance of the
respondents in terms of:
a) Physiological factors
b) Psychological factors
c) Social factors
d) Economic factors
Table 2
Factors Affecting Academic Performance
Physiological TR %1. I usually skip meals in the morning due to lack of time
preparing for my first period of class.15 21 71%
2. I am having difficulty remembering the lessons justconducted.
6 21 28%
3. I usually have difficulty sleeping at night, which makes mefeel sleepy in my classes.
10 21 48%
4. I am having difficulty eating balance diet; it is easy toprepare instant foods during meal time.
9 21 43%
5. I often get sick once or twice a month. 10 21 48%
TOTAL SCORE 50Psychological1. I dont feel well whenever we have quizzes, graded
recitations, or major exams.5 21 24%
2. I am hesitant to raise my hands during recitation or classdiscussion even if I know the answer.
3 21 14%
3. I always feel bad whenever I get a low grade. 10 21 48%
4. I feel less motivated throughout the semester if during thestart of the semester I dont perform well.
9 21 43%
5. I feel ashamed every time I answer incorrectly, whichtriggers my being passive in class,
9 21 43%
TOTAL SCORE 50
Social1. My parents have high expectation of me to do well in
school.8 21 38%
2. I feel that I dont belong with my classmates, I prefer to bealone than study with them.
8 21 38%
3. I am easily influenced by my friends to skip classes or playcomputer games.
5 21 24%
4. I spent more time in face book, twitter, and other socialnetworking sites especially with my friends around.
2 21 9%
5. My relationship with opposite sex eat much of my time 0 21 0%
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Legend:
TR = Total Respondents
f = frequency
% = percentage
Table 2 shows the different factors affecting the academic performance of
the BSN Level II Nursing Students as classified according to Physiological,
Psychological, Social and Economic factors.
For Physiological factors there are fifteen students who said that, skipping
meals in the morning due to lack of time preparing for my first period of class.
There are ten students who have difficulty sleeping at night, which makes me feel
sleepy in my classes.
Ten students who get sick once or twice a month. Nine students who have
difficulty eating balance diet; it is easy to prepare instant foods during meal time
and six students who have difficulty remembering the lessons just conducted.
studying and doing other school work.
TOTAL SCORE 23Economic1. I am having difficulty concentrating on my studies due to
delays in my tuition fee and allowance.7 21 33%
2. I feel ashamed to always ask for promissory note from theDirector or Program chair during exams which distort myconcentration during exam day.
6 21 28%
3. I spent most of my time thinking where to get money formy tuition fee or daily expenses when I am short of mybudget.
10 21 48%
4. It bothers me every time I fall to give my contributionduring group activities.
12 21 57%
5. I am affected whenever my parents/relatives who send meto school expresses their hardship in looking for funds formy daily requirements.
14 21 67%
TOTAL SCORE 49
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Nowadays, most of the students stay in boarding house rather than
staying in their houses because of the distance from the school. They find it very
hard to prepare sometimes their breakfast due to hectic schedule and an early
class in the morning.
For Psychological factors, there are ten students who always feel bad
whenever I get a low grade. Nine students who feel less motivated throughout
the semester if during the start of the semester they dont perform well. Nine
students who feel ashamed every time they answer incorrectly, which trigger
them to be passive in class and Five students who dont feel well whenever we
have quizzes, graded recitations, or major exams.
Students usually feels depressed and becomes less motivated after
getting a very low grade in class that might make them think that they dont have
a chance to improve their academic performance.
For Social factors, there are eight students who have high expectation to
do well in school. Eight students who feel that they dont belong to their
classmates; they prefer to be alone than study with them. Five students who are
easily influenced by their friends to skip classes or play computer games. Two
students who spent more time in face book, twitter, and other social networking
sites especially with my friends around and none who have relationship with
opposite sex that eat much of the time studying and doing other school work.
Most of the students work really hard to improve their academic
performance because of a very high expectation of their parents. This is also one
of the reasons that they fail in class because they push themselves too much that
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they forgot their physical needs and students usually cant focus on studying
when their friends are around and with that they tend to be alone.
For Economic factors, there are fourteen students who are affected
whenever their parents/relatives who send them to school express their hardship
in looking for funds for my daily requirements. Twelve students who feel bothered
every time they fail to give their contribution during group activities. Ten students
who spent most of their time thinking where to get money for tuition fee or daily
expenses when they are short of budget. Seven students who have difficulty
concentrating on their studies due to delays in my tuition fee and allowance. Six
students who feel ashamed to always ask for promissory note from the director
or program chair during exams which distort my concentration during exam day.
Students are affected by the hardship they see from their parents which
concerns them a lot that they cannot concentrate on their studies.
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Problem 3.What is the most common factor affecting academic performance
when physiological, psychological, social and economic factors are considered?
Table 3
Most Common Factor Affecting Academic Performance whenPhysiological, Psychological, Social and Economic factors are considered
FACTORS FREQUENCY/TOTAL
SCORE ( )
PERCENTAGE
(%)
PHYSIOLOGIC 50 29%
PSYCHOLOGIC 50 29%
SOCIAL 23 14%
ECONOMIC 49 28%
OVERALL SCORE 172 100%
Table 3 shows that among the factors affecting the academic
performance. The data show that 50 respondents (29%) considered physiologic
and 50 (29%) considered psychologic the most common factors affecting the
students academic performance. This is followed by economic, 49 or 28% and
the least is social, 23 or 14 %.
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Score (frequency) of Factors Affecting Poorly Performing Students
Physiological Psychological Social Financial
Score 50 50 23 49
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the scores of the factors affecting the academic
performance of the respondents. Based on the frequency, it has been found out
that physiological and psychological factors have affected the academic
performance of these poorly performing students. As seen in the graph, financial
factor could be a possible major factor in the future. Social factor is seen as a
lesser factor in their academic performance.
Score (Frequency) of Factors Affecting Poorly Performing
Students
50 50
23
49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Physiological Psychological Social Financial
Factors
Scores
Score
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Mean of Scores of the Factors Affecting Poorly Performing Students
Physiological Psychological Social Financial
Mean 2.38 2.38 1.10 2.33
Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the mean of the scores of the factors affecting the
academic performance of the respondents, where in physiologic and psychologic
are the most common factors that affects their academic performance.
Mean of Scores of the Factors Affecting Poorly Performing
Students
2.38 2.38
1.10
2.33
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Physiological Psychological Social Financial
Factors
Mean
Mean
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CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions and recommendations of
the study.
Summary of the Findings
Out of 38 students who had signed the consent form, 21 respondents had
a decrease in their mid-grades. The researchers identified the common factors
which are physiological, psychological, social and economic factors. The result
shows that both physiologic and psychologic are the common factors that affect
the academic performance of the students although Economic factor is a
possible major factor in the future because the overall score difference is very
close to the major factors.
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Conclusions
The result stated that the common factors are physiologic and psychologic
factors. although economic factor is a possible major factor to the students in the
future because the result difference is very close to the major factors.
Nowadays, students are using new technologies when studying. Some
students might get addicted to the so called internet surfing where they might
forget their usual daily activities such as eating on time or exercising. Because of
this, this may affect their academic performance. Students might takes exams or
quizzes with their stomach empty or forgets to take lunch because of the class
schedule.
Having a health problem may also affect their psychological status
wherein they ought to get low grades because of not feeling well while in class or
lectures.
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Recommendation
With these findings and conclusion made, the following recommendations are
presented:
1. Students should not be satisfied with their present academic performance but
they should strive harder and improve in terms of grades and passing
percentage in the future.
2. Teachers should encourage students who are not excelling in their subject.
3. Parents should understand and support the needs of theirdaughter/sons in
their studies. They should monitor their childrens classroom performance.
4. The Department of Nursing should outline a program on how to improve the
academic performance of BSN students specifically to involve classroom
instructors teaching professional subjects.
5. Lastly, future researchers should help their fellow students who find difficulty
in their academic performance.
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Bibliography
Electronics Materials
Grohol, J. (2012). 10 Highly Effective Study Habits. Psych Central. Retrieved on
October 19, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/lib/2006/top-10-most-effective-
study-habits/
(Oppapers, 2010). Academic Performance Related To Study Habits Essays and
Term Papers.
http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Study-Habits/95114