Realities Digital Worlds...Books becoming ALL ones & zeros altogether . . . “Faceless” to Human...
Transcript of Realities Digital Worlds...Books becoming ALL ones & zeros altogether . . . “Faceless” to Human...
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Realities – Digital Worlds “Library Without Staff”
Stanley Tan National Library Board (Singapore) [email protected]
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PUBLIC LIBRARY NETWORK SINGAPORE
5 Regions
26 Public Libraries
3 Mobile Libraries
33.7M Loans
23.8 M Visitors
4.40 / 5 Customer
Satisfaction
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LIBRARY “WITHOUT STAFF” What this is NOT about . . .
Physical Libraries No Longer being relevant . . .
Librarians Disappearing from the face of the earth . . .
Books becoming ALL ones & zeros altogether . . .
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“Faceless” to Human Less Journey of Transforming Service Model
Crossing Boundaries of Service Model to create New Experiences
Challenge limits of Human X Technology X Environment
Design of experience influence engagement in Digital Literacy
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Small-sized Shopping Mall libraries - 1,000sqm to 2,200 sqm Visitorship ranging – 1,300/day to 3,300/day Staff Numbers – 11 (Seng Kang) | 0 (Chinatown) | 9 (Orchard)
“Staff Less” Journey 2002 2014 2013
Seng Kang Public Library library@Chinatown library@Orchard
Service Automation Environment Shaping Behaviour Shaping
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Piloted in 2002 at Seng Kang Public Library - Automation of basic services to facilitate User Autonomy
- “Cybarian”| e-Kiosk | RFID Book Borrowing Stations
- Human Concierge that provided Security & Back-up Customer Support
“Faceless” Library (2002)
Issues Faced: - User profiles unaccustomed to self-
help model & new technology - Digital devices were not
intuitive / user-friendly
- Human Touch preferred: Concierge were overwhelmed
- Lacked user engagement prior to
implementation.
- Customer Service Counter reinstated
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- Informed selection & placement of digital services with study of expected user profiles: Neighbourhood (Browsing); PMETs (Quick Borrowing/Browsing); Weekend Families (Reading)
- Engagement of User-Community to Volunteer
- Further enhanced basic services & introduction of new e-services
“Staffless” Library (2013)
Observations:
- Greater user-acceptance of self-help technologies
- Volunteers facilitated peer-to-peer learning of digital services
- Informed design of experience can shape user behaviours and attitude to accept a “staffless” service environment
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- Deliberate design of experience to Frame User Mindset at the outset
- To transit our users to an almost self-reliant environment
- Applied design-thinking practices to study, understand & collaborate
with our users to gain acceptance & maintain good user-orientation
“Human Less” Experience (2014)
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Co-Creation Workshops
Patron
Journeys
Patron -
Environment
Survey
Patron
Profiles
Key Finding: Main profile of users preferred BYOD & receptive of digital
= Anchor on Digital; Relevant Supporting Infrastructure; Design to Bridge
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AWARENESS (communication & information)
CONNECTIONS (collaboration & co-creation)
• Video Wall • Quick Reads • Digital Concierge
• Collaborative Space • Integrated E-book Displays • Digital Catalogues
Self-Help (transactions)
• e-transaction • reservation lockers • borrowing stations
- Conditioning to Digital based services - Orientate with easy to use digital support & familiar services - Pique interest with variety of digital content to help them ease in
Designing “Digital Environment”
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A Video Wall that signals the predominantly Digital-based services of the library
Serves as main information source for latest service/content updates
Motif
Main Content Content Info
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Digital Concierge Easing Users into New Environment
Information point to support users’ autonomous discovery of the library,
aid navigation, and provide ability to contact staff for more assistance
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Quick Reads
Quick browsing stations for users, featuring curated eBooks and
digital content
Promotes our collection of eBooks and directs users to download
platform on their own device
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From Counter Collection to 24Hr Automated Reservation Lockers
Reservation Lockers
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AWARENESS (communication & information)
CONNECTIONS (collaboration & co-creation)
• Video Wall • Quick Reads • Digital Concierge
• Collaborative Space • Integrated E-book Displays • Digital Catalogues
Self-Help (transactions)
• e-transaction • reservation lockers • borrowing stations
- Conditioning to Digital based services - Orientate with easy to use digital support & familiar services - Pique interest with variety of digital content to help them ease in
Designing “Digital Environment”
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Back to the Drawing Board
Technological limitations – Poor functionality that could affect user
experience
KINECT INTERACTIVE SHARING
Inspire sharing and co-creation of content amongst users.
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DISCOVERY (curated collections &
displays)
• Interactive e-Book Trees • Intuitive Way-Finding
- Bridge users’ Digital Literacy through digital content promotion - Observe behaviours and provide Just-in-time assistance - Wide range of engagement touch-points dispersed throughout library
Designing “Digital Environment”
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Self-Focus Mass-
Focus
Intuitive Way-Finding Collection Clusters
Books. Magazines. Audio-Visuals. Formats
People Design
Space Design
Product Design
Visual Design
Lifestyle Design
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Intuitive Way-Finding: 3-Way Navigation Hybrid Spine
Labels DEWEY
(now)
HYBRID (new)
Item
Title
The Coconut Oil Miracle
Author
Bruce Fife
Call No.
English 615.3245 FIF - [HEA]
HEALTH
&
FITNESS
615.3245 FIF
Cluster Icon:
Lifestyle Design
Subject Category
DDC
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library@orchard SPACE
DESIGN
[Interior]
English
747.75 SAV Available
Intuitive Way-Finding: 3-Way Navigation
Refining the Catalogue Search tool
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Book Trees
Digital book display located at the Book Trees at library@orchard
Allows librarians to highlight and curate thematic information that
complements the library’s collection
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Allows librarians and public
to recommend reads according
to topic
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Journey Beyond The Library …
- Mobile Borrowing Application - Activate Online Community
- Personalising Experience
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WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT… Three Simple Points …
Readiness of Human Condition
Technology – Both an Enabler and Limiter
Human X Technology X Environment
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WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT… Three Simple Points …
Readiness of Human Condition
Technology – Both an Enabler and Limiter
Human X Technology X Environment
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WHAT CHANGED?
But…Pervasiveness of Internet, Mobile devices & familiarity to digital content consumption made Digital Lifestyle more Relevant
Readiness of Users
Back in 2002, consumers were less accustomed to digital service provision and devices
Attitude towards technology and self-help digital service a limiter
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WHAT CHANGED?
But…Pervasiveness of Internet, Mobile devices & familiarity to digital content consumption made Digital Lifestyle more Relevant
Readiness of Consumers
Back in 2002, consumers were less accustomed to digital service provision and devices
Attitude towards technology and self-help digital service a limiter
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WHAT CHANGED?
Singaporean digital consumers have strong motivation to purchase latest
technologies that eases access to digital media
Relevance of Digital Lifestyle – Growing reliance on smart digital devices
23% of digital consumers owned a tablet & 70% use a smartphone
Internet penetration highest amongst youth (97% of 15 to 19 year old) and tapers off to 33 percent for 50+
Source: “Singapores Can’t Get Enough of Digital Media: Nielsen”, 11 July 2011
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WHAT ELSE CHANGED…
Shape & understand consumer behaviours & attitudes on the outset with user-engagement & co-creation
Readiness of Consumers
Process of gaining user-acceptance took centre-place in development of library@orchard
Design-thinking consultation & prototyping with users
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WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT… Three Simple Points …
Readiness of Human Condition
Technology – Both an Enabler and Limiter
Human X Technology X Environment
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Persona and needs and matching with self-help tailor digital environments n human touch points
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User feedback
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WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT… Three Simple Points …
Readiness of Human Condition
Technology – Both an Enabler and Limiter
Human X Technology X Environment
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What Did Not Change? Human element remains important & integral to the library-going experience
Just-in-Time interventions at critical junctures of users’ journey
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PARADIGM SHIFT Instead of being consolidated at a single service touch point, staff will manage and maintain a
wide range of touch points that are dispersed throughout the library
Digital
Services Management of IT
systems and
services, training
and facilitation
Programmes
and Publicity Basic programme execution, public comms, publicity
Community
Engagement Public
interactions,
volunteer
management
Collections
and Content Physical and digital collections; programmes
• Managing and
cultivating
relationships with
volunteers
• Building up
relationships with
general library
users.
• support and
publicity of
programmes.
• execution of basic
services such as
storytelling
• promoting the use
and discovery of
the library’s
collections
• ensuring that they
are well-maintained
and well-matched
to community
needs.
• responsible for
facilitating and
promoting the use
of these services.
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User-Oriented future libraries supported by Smart digital environment will be a reality. But Human Touch is still very much relevant
Dream To Reality