Real Time Constraints
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Life Cycle Design of Products
- opportunity for manufacturing enterprises
- modality of CE Design ± Automated analysis idealization control
- CE in optimal structural design
- Real time constraints
UNIT III
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Real time Constraints
on design of products and
processes.
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Product Design Constraints
and Requirements
Design Engineers must consider a multitude of technical, economic, social, environmental,
and political constraints when they design
products and processes.
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Effect of Constraints
Better Designs
Design Changes
Design
Changes
ConstraintLimits
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Functional Constraints Overall Geometry ± size, width, space, arrangement
Motion of parts ± type, direction, velocities, acceleration,kinematics
Forces involved ± load direction, magnitude, load, impact
Energy needed ± heating, cooling, conversion, pressure
Materials to be used ± flow, transport, properties
Control system ± electrical, hydraulic, mechanical,pneumatic
Information flow ± inputs, outputs, form, display
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Safety Constraints
Operational ± direct, indirect, hazard
elimination
Human ± warnings, training
Environmental ± land, sea, air, noise, light,radiation, reaction, transport
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Quality Constraints
Quality assurance ± regulations,
standards, codes
Quality control ± inspection, testing,
labeling Reliability ± design life, failures, statistics
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Manufacturing Constraints
Production of components ± factory limitations,
means of production, wastes
Purchase of components ± supplier quality, reliability,
quality control, inspection
Assembly ± installation, foundations, bolting, welding
Transport ± material handling, clearance, packaging
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Timing Constraints Design schedule ± project planning, project control Development schedule ± design detailing, compliance
tests
Production schedule ± manufacture, assembly, packing,
transport
Delivery schedule ± delivery date, distribution network,supply chains
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Economic Constraints Marketing analysis ± size of market, distribution, market
segments Design costs ± design team computing, information retrieval
Development costs ± design detailing, supplier costs, testing
costs
Manufacturing cost - tooling, labor, overhead, assembly,
inspection
Distribution costs - packing, transport, service centers, spare
parts, warranty
Resources ± time, budget, labor, capital, machines, material
$
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Ergonomic Constraints User needs ± type of operation, instructions, warnings Ergonomic design ± man-machine relationships,
operation, height, layout, comfort, lighting
Cybernetic design ± controls, layout, clarity,
interactions
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Ecological Constraints General environmental impact ± impact on natural
resources, social resources
Sustainability ± political and commercial
consequences, implications for following
generations Material selection ±solid, liquid, gas, stability, protection,
toxicity
Working fluid selection ± fluid, gas, flammability, toxicity
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Aesthetic Constraints Customer appeal ± shape, color, texture, form, feel,
smell, surprise and delight features
Fashion ± culture, history, trends
Future expectations ± rate of change in technology,
trends, produ
ct families
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Life-Cycle Constraints Distribution ± means of transport, nature and conditions
of dispatch, rules, regulations
Operation ± quietness, wear, special uses, working
environments
Maintenance ± servicing intervals, inspection, exchangeand repair, cleaning, diagnostics
Disposal ± recycle, scrap
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Legal/Ethical Constraints Regulations ± OSHA, F AA, FDA Ethics ± public safety, health, welfare and integrity
Intellectual Property ± patents, trademarks, copyrights
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Conclusion
In any successful design project there will
be clear evidence that maximum number
of constraints that are real time and
relevant to the product are addressed.