Ready, Willing and Able: Empowering countries to meet the climate challenge

7/31/2019 Ready, Willing and Able: Empowering countries to meet the climate challenge

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ready, willingand ableEmpowering countries to meet the

climate challenge


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UNEP

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mentally sound practices globally

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friendly practices. Our distribution policy aims to

reduce UNEPs carbon footprint.

Copyright United Nations Environment Programme, 2011

Thi pubitin y be reprue in he r in prt n in ny r r eutin r nn-prft purpe ithut pei per-

iin r the pyriht her, prvie neeent the ure i e. UNEP u ppreite reeivin py

ny pubitin tht ue thi pubitin ure. N ue thi pubitin y be e r ree r r ny ther eri

purpe htever ithut prir periin in ritin r the Unite Ntin Envirnent Prre.

ackNowlEdgEmENTs

IsBN: 978-92-807-3225-2

dcP/1466/Na

Disclaimer

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the exprein ny pinin htever n the prt the Unite Ntin Envirnent

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the Unite Ntin Envirnent Prre, nr e itin tre ne r

eri pree ntitute enreent.

Director UNEP/DTIE: syvie leet

Coordination: Sophie Bonnard

Editor: Moira OBrien-MaloneDesign: Thad MermerSpecial Advisor: Fanina Kodre-AlexanderClimate Change Coordinator: Kaveh

Zahedi

Contributors: Keith Alverson,Lawrence Agbemabiese, Kati Autere,

Monika Bertzky, Dean Cooper, CharlesDavis, Vered Ehsani, FranoisedEstais, Ermira Fida, Julie Greenwalt,

Abdul-Majeid Haddad, SeraphineHaeussling, Ghita Hannane, Miriam

Hinostroza, Alexander Koch, SuzanneLekoyiet, Akeetey Mamo, Georges

Manull, Lera Miles, Richard Munang,Martina Otto, Wahida Patwa-Shah,Ravi Prabhu, Mark Radka, JorgeRogat, Myriem Touhami, James

Verner, Jochem Zoetelie.

For urther inormation, please contact Kaveh Zahedi at: [email protected]


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contentsForeword 2

Empowering Countries to Meet the Climate Challenge 4

Boosting the Uptake of Low-carbon Technologies 6

Clean Fleets or a Cleaner World 8Putting Bioenergy on the Map 10

Fostering Market-readiness for Clean Energy Investment 12

Boosting Carbon Markets in Arica 14Banking on Aricas Opportunities 16Building a Market or Sunshine 18

Building Climate-resilient Societies 20A Harvest o Knowledge 22A View rom the Coast 24Tackling Climate Change Close to Home 26

REDD+ 28

Saeguarding People and Forests with REDD+ 30Beyond Carbon: REDD+ Biodiversity Benets 32

Supporting Countries in the UNFCCC Process 34

Opening the Lines or Communications 36Targeting Technologies 38Built Capacities, Enhanced Resilience 40

The ABCs o CDM 42The Practical Quick-Start o Iraq 44

UNEPs Work on Climate Change 48


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3

Around the world, national, regional andlocal governments, businesses and civilsociety are demonstrating just how arand how ast some sectors o societycan make the transition to a climate-

resilient, low-carbon uture and buildingthe green economies o the 21stcentury. From the green mortgages inMexico and the eed-in taris in Kenya,to the private sector investments in therenewable energy industry that haveagain set records in 2010, the exampleso a major shit are all around us. Theseinitiatives not only need to be scaled upbut also be scaled up ast.

Thanks to the work o the Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)and thousands o scientists, the worldrecognizes the urgency o the climatechallenge. The risks o unabated climatechange are well documented and itsimpacts are already aecting people

and ecosystems. However, emissionsare still on the rise and pledges outure action all short o what sciencesuggests is necessary. As has beenshown again this year by the UN Envi-ronment Programme (UNEP) and climate

modelers, a signicant emissions gapexists between what is promised bycountries and what is needed to stay ontrack with the 2 degree target.

The ght o each country against climatechange cannot be owned or driven rom

the outside. Countries and their peoplehave to be authors o climate actionstaking place on their territory as part otheir development process. However,some countries, in particular developing

countries are acing a lack o human,organizational, institutional, scientic,

technological, or resource capacitiesto develop their own comprehensiveresponse to climate change.

Both within and outside o the UnitedNations Framework Convention onClimate Change (UNFCCC) process,

conronting climate change requiresnew and increased capacities. Capacity

to monitor and assess the changingclimate and its potential impacts onpeople and ecosystems. Capacity to

plan or and to integrate climate changeinto development strategies and plans.Increased capacity to take advantage

o and remove barriers to investmentsin climate resilience, clean technologiesand low-carbon growth. And capaci-ties to learn quickly rom it all, to reportnot only back into the global UNFCCC

process, but to share with othercountries moving along similar pathways.

UNEPsReady, Willing and Able,shows that across the world, in many

ways, solutions are available to supportcountries in overcoming obstacles andempowering themselves to meet theclimate challenge.

Actions have been taken by the inter-national community to support thedevelopment o capacities and everycountry and organization have their ownsuccess stories. UNEP and our partners

will continue to work to ensure that nocountry is let behind, and that all areequipped to participate in the transition

toward low-carbon, climate-resilientsocieties that have the opportunity to bepart o a Green Economy.

Achim Steiner

UN Uner-seretry gener n

UNEP Exeutive diretr


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5

Meeting the climate challenge requiresindividuals and institutions to be able toassess and understand climate change,design and implement adequatepolicies and, most important o all, to

take action on low-carbon and climate-resilient growth. Capacity building is acountry-driven process, enabling indi-

viduals, organizations, and societies atall levels, to unleash, strengthen, build,adapt and maintain their capacities toundertake climate action.

The Cancun Agreements rearmed

the primary importance o capacitybuilding to enable both the ull partici-pation o developing countries in theUnited Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change (UNFCCC) processand the eective implementation o theircommitments under the Convention.Moreover, in the Cancun Agreements,Parties have acknowledged the need to

build up global capacity, especially indeveloping countries, to meet the overallchallenge by strengthening relevantinstitutions, networks and climate changecommunication, education, training andpublic awareness at all levels.

UNEP has more than 20 years o expe-rience working on climate action, policyand science, and has made capacitybuilding a priority that runs across itsclimate change activities.

In 2005, the UNEP Governing Counciladopted the Bali Strategic Plan or

Technology Support and CapacityBuilding, calling on UNEP to strengthencapacity building and technologysupport in developing countries, as

well as countries with economies intransition. Within this mandate, UNEP

works closely with governments at alllevels to bolster capacities to increasetheir resilience to climate change, movetowards low-carbon societies, reduceemissions rom deorestation and orestdegradation (REDD), improve availabilityand understanding o relevant climatescience, and raise awareness o theclimate change challenge.

In addition, UNEP supports countriesto participate more ully in theUNFCCC process, including by sup-porting meetings o negotiators. UNEPalso helps countries meet their obliga-

tions on National Communications,Technology Needs Assessments,National Adaptation Plans o Action,and is already providing support tocountries on uture areas o work,

including Nationally Appropriate Mitiga-tion Actions.

UNEPs capacity building servicesinclude development o tools, guide-lines and best practices, and support-ing countries with their application.

These services are delivered throughtraining workshops and advisory

services as well as through networkso partners that help to disseminateknowledge and experience. UNEPis engaged with a broad range ostakeholders at all levels, ranging romministries, through local governments,civil servants, experts, nanciers, entre-preneurs, and employees o private-sector and non-governmental organi-

zations. Based on its achievements,UNEP, together with the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP), hasbeen designated as convening agencyor cross-UN cooperation on climatechange capacity building.


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7

The combustion o ossil uels

such as oil, gas and coal is

the largest source o green-house gas (GHG) emissions.

Reducing emissions by shiting

to low-carbon alternatives and

increasing energy efciency

oers the best ways to achieve

immediate and sustained

reductions in GHG emissions.

These alternatives also make

economic and environmen-

tal sense. Many low-carbon

technologies are already com-

mercially viable, but transer-

ring these to new markets

and mainstreaming their use

globally present challenges.

Developing countries acevarious fnancial, institutional

and regulatory barriers that

hinder the uptake o renewable

energy technologies and

adoption o energy efciency

measures that are essential

to their transition to a Green

Economy. Overcoming thesebarriers requires new skills and

capabilities in both the public

and private sectors.

UNEP helps countries to

strengthen individual and insti-

tutional capabilities in the clean

energy sector by building uptechnical skills and knowledge

about policy options and

helping to develop mechanisms

and policies that ease the costs

and risks o entry o fnancial

actors in new climate mitigation

investments. UNEPs capacity

building activities extend to

areas as varied as technologyneeds assessments, resource

assessments, end-user

fnancial mechanisms, devel-

opment o small sustainable

energy businesses and sus-

tainable biouel development.

UNEP also helps countries

respond to discussions andobligations arising rom the

United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) process.


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clea

nerfl

eetsf

or

acleaner

world

I will share with our sta the issues

learnt, support communication o

these issues to management, and

support the activities that the man-

agements may decide on regardingCO

2reductions.

Bushra Al Fardan,

Reruitent ainitrtr,

TNT Expre,

Unite arb Eirte


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9

The ProblemCars, trucks and otherroad transport vehicles, while essentialor commercial and humanitarian work,exert a considerable adverse impacton the environment. Estimates are that

road vehicles consume more than athird o the worlds supply o petroleumand contribute nearly one-th o globalcarbon dioxide emissions. These

vehicles are also a signicant source oair pollution which can adversely aecthuman health and the environment. Inurban areas, about 70 per cent o airpollution comes rom road vehicles.

The SolUTIoNPublic, private andnon-governmental organizations use

vehicle feets in their work. Adoptingclean feet management programmeshelps them contribute to alleviating theharmul impacts o road transport.

In collaboration with TNT, UNEPspartnership to help build capacity orclean feet management developed theToolkit or Clean Fleet Strategy Devel-opment to support feet managersin cleaning up their vehicle pools.

In November 2006, TNT Turkey

used the toolkit to help it design

a clean eet strategy. Its goal

was to cut carbon emissionsby six per cent by 2011. By

early 2008, it had already

surpassed its goal, even though

it had increased its eet rom

262 vehicles to 313. Some 80

drivers have been trained in

environmentally riendly sae

driving techniques while 122

vehicles (or 41 per cent othe eet) have been replaced

with cleaner models, including

hybrid electric vehicles. Monthly

carbon dioxide emissions have

dropped by 15 per cent, and

uel consumption by 16 per

cent, resulting in savings o

100,000 euros in 15 months.

ZOOMThe toolkit has helped organizations,especially in emerging economies,to develop and adopt clean feetprograms.

ImPACTSMore than 500 people rom200 public, private and non-govern-mental organizations in 57 countrieshave been trained on the use o thetoolkit. Some o the participants,and the strategic partners, have alsobeen trained as trainers. A number oorganizations, including Sinar and HibaUtama in Indonesia, Maynilad and

Meralco in the Philippines and TNT inTurkey, have developed plans to cleanup their feets.

SUPPorTUnited States EnvironmentalProtection Agency and TNT.

WebSITehttp://www.unep.org/tnt-unep/toolkit/


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The study will be useul in planning and

projecting Kenyas potential or sustainable

bioenergy production, and in serving as

a background document or the Drat

National Biouel Policy, and the broadercommunity o biouel stakeholders.

Proessor Judi W. Wakhungu,

arin centre r Tehny stuie

putt

ingbio

fuel

onthemap

The study will be useul in planning and

projecting Kenyas potential or sustainable

bioenergy production, and in serving as

a background document or the Drat

National Biouel Policy, and the broadercommunity o biouel stakeholders.

Proessor Judi W. Wakhungu,

arin centre r Tehny stuie

The ProblemBioenergy can providemany benets: climate change mitiga-tion, energy security, access to energyand rural development, to name a ew.But it also presents environmental and

social risks, such as increased green-house gas (GHG) emissions, biodi-

versity loss, water overuse, and oodinsecurity. On one hand, bioenergycan help reduce GHG emissions byreplacing ossil uels as during the usephase bioenergy only releases theGHG that was previously absorbedthrough plant growth. But overall, i

emissions are measured throughoutthe entire lie-cycle, rom conversionprocesses, transport, eedstock pro-duction, through previous land use orall eedstocks other than waste, theymay in act be higher than those oconventional uels.

Careul planning is critical. At the

height o the bioenergy gold rushgovernments were presented withinvestment proposals and calls orbioenergy mandates and targets,

without having proper processes


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and tools in place to ensure thatbioenergy development delivered onthe policy objectives.

The SolUTIoN Agro-environmental

zoning is part o the land-use planningprocess that helps mitigate risks. Itenables the production o land suitabil-ity assessments, indicating which typeo crops are appropriate or specicareas, and o land availability assess-ment, identiying exclusion zones toprotect areas with high biodiversity andcarbon storage values.

UNEP, through its Bioenergy Policyand Planning Support Facility, has builtthe capacity o policy makers in Kenya,Senegal, and Uganda, enablingthem to develop bioenergy policiesand strategies that ocus on climatechange mitigation, poverty reductionand environmental protection.

ImPACTS UNEP supported localcentres o excellence to build the skillsneeded or developing maps showingthe suitability and availability o landor bioenergy development. In each

In Kenya, the mapping project came at a critical time: the government

was in the midst o preparing its Drat National Biouel Policy. This

meant the mapping and planning process attracted wide interest, not

only rom the government, but also rom civil society, entrepreneursand the broader private sector. The resulting agro-climatic and

environmental zoning o Kenya served as a background document in

the development o the biouel policy, and has since been incorporated

into the decision process as a planning tool.

project country, maps were producedthat contributed to the establishmento sustainable biouel policies or ruraldevelopment, green job creation, andaccess to clean energy.

The mapping exercise broughttogether key players rom govern-ments, agricultural research institutesand other relevant communities.

This, along with broad outreach toa range o stakeholders, ensuredgreater buy-in and acceptance o theresulting policies.

UNEP, through a network andexchange platorm, also broughttogether experts rom the Arican

region, who are now regularlyexchanging inormation and who haveorged a common understanding o amapping methodology.

Through cooperation with the BrazilianFundacao Getulio Vargas, the groupwas able to draw on the Brazilianexperience, and in turn, the resultso the project have inormed othermapping endeavours, such as oneimplemented in Guinea Bissau.

SUPPorT Government o Norway.

WebSITehttp://www.unep.r/energy/activities/mapping/

ZOOM


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High levels o investment

in the cost-eective imple-

mentation o clean technolo-

gies are required to enable

the shit towards low-carbon

growth and green economies.Creating the market condi-

tions to attract the required

level o private sector invest-

ment is critical in that regard,

as are public sector eorts to

develop market-readiness or

clean energy investment.

However, the need to attract

fnance is a particular challenge

or lower-income countries with

limited inrastructure or, and

experience with, the imple-

mentation o clean technology

projects. Investing in these

countries is thereore oten

seen to bear additional risks by

investors that are expected to

cover the up-ront costs asso-ciated with clean technology

applications. While the delivery

o ast start fnance or mitiga-

tion and adaptation actions is

moving orward and the design

o the new Green Climate Fund

is progressing, there is a real

need to ensure that developingcountries have the capacities

needed to eectively manage

incoming unds, and so tap the

opportunity to make cleaner

energy technologies a corner-

stone o their economies.

UNEP is working with a broadrange o stakeholders at

the national and local levels

in developing countries to

help them build a conducive

ramework or investments

and their efcient use. UNEPs

capacity building activities

or clean technology fnance

include enterprise development

training to clean energy entre-

preneurs; support to develop-

ment and commercial banksand private investors to raise

awareness and boost equity

investments in the sustain-

able energy sector; technical

assistance to national climate

fnance institutions to build

better understanding o the

required processes and globalbest practices, as well as a

number o enabling activities

or carbon market develop-

ment, risk management and

transaction support.


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boostingc

arbon

marketsin

afric

a

As soon as the CASCADe

programme had started, we

made progress in all our projects.

CASCADe made local and

international experts joins orces.

Mamadou Ndiaye,

diretr gener,

aiy gu cpny saRl,

sene

The Problem Unsustainable use oorests causes about 17 per cent othe worlds greenhouse gas emissions.It also degrades ecosystems, causesbiodiversity loss, threatens local liveli-

hoods and has a detrimental impact onsome o the worlds poorest people.In Arica, about 600 million people relyon orests and woodlands or theirlivelihoods. Yet, despite a rapid growthin carbon nance transactions, orestcarbon projects in sub-Saharan Aricaare oten ignored. One o the mainobstacles is the lack o local expertise

to develop these kinds o projects.

The SolUTIoN Since 2007, theCarbon Finance or Agriculture,Silviculture, Conservation and Actionagainst Deorestation programme(CASCADe) has been helping Benin,Cameroon, the Democratic Republico Congo, Gabon, Madagascar,

Mali and Senegal to develop carbonprojects rom orests and armlandsby building the capacities o projectdevelopers, communities and nationalclimate change institutions. Byenhancing local expertise in settingup replicable projects in orestry,


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agriculture and bioenergy, CASCADeis helping to open up opportuni-ties or Arican participation in CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM)and voluntary carbon markets, while

linking buyers and sellers and bringingnational experts together.

ImPACTS By stimulating local projectdevelopers ability to set up carbonprojects in rural Arica, CASCADeis showing that solutions to climatechange and deorestation are possible.CASCADe has helped 13 projectdevelopers nalize their Project DesignDocument, which has enabled themto attract carbon nanciers attention.

The 12 most advanced projectssupported by CASCADe will reduce orsequester 297,500 tonnes o carbondioxide per year, leading to signicantclimate and ecosystem benets. Fiveprojects have reached the validation or

registration stage in the CDM projectcycle or a voluntary carbon marketstandard. Targeted institutional supporthas strengthened national regulatoryrameworks or carbon nance projectsand established a strong rancophone

Arican network o technical experts.

CASCADe helped the Congolese company Novacel generate carbon

fnance or its aorestation project. The project, called Ibi Batk, aims

to restore lands by means o agroorestry and orestry plantations.

Besides supplying the 810 million inhabitants o Kinshasas catchment

area with cassava crops, charcoal, service wood and construction

timber, the project helps reduce deorestation and orest degradation

in the area. Locally, it employs more than 400 people in plantation

work and in processing and marketing agricultural produce. More than

1,600 hectares are already under cultivation. On 18 February 2011,

the project was successully registered as a CDM project. As a result

o these successes, Novacel has sold 500,000 temporary carbon

credits generated by the project until 2017 to the BioCarbon Fund o

the World Bank, and another 500,000 carbon credits to the private

sector company Orbeo. In addition, the project has recently signed a

contract with the Livelihoods Fund established by a group o European

corporations or the sale o another 300,000 tonnes o uture carbon

dioxide emission reductions. The signifcant stream o carbon fnance

resulting rom these agreements will help the project develop urther.

Overall, CASCADe has providedtechnical assistance to more than

20 projects in community reoresta-tion, commercial orestry, bioenergy,and ecient cooking stoves and shsmokehouses, and has helped to avoiddeorestation in seven Arican countries.

The experience gathered rom theseactivities has contributed to national

and international policy debates on amore inclusive climate regime.

SUPPorT Core unding rom theFonds Franais pour lEnvironnementMondial (FFEM).

WebSITe http://cascade-arica.org/

ZOOM


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bankingon

afric

as

oppo

rtuni

ties

Entrepreneurship can transorm

markets, but support or eco-

entrepreneurship remains weakin many countries, particularly

across Arica. Developing private

sector skills and mainstreaming the

concepts across commercial fnance

and investment are key to realizing

Aricas abundant renewable energy

and climate mitigation potential.

Brigitte Burnett,

csR diretr,

Nebn

The Problem Despite huge growth inthe carbon market (globally, US$142billion in 2010), Arica has seen verylittle investment rom it. The continenthas just two per cent o the registeredprojects in the Clean DevelopmentMechanism (CDM) pipeline, and lagsbehind countries such as China, Indiaand Brazil. This is a worrying trendbecause carbon nance can be animportant tool in catalyzing investmentin clean energy, which is much neededin a continent where many people donot have access to reliable energysupplies. But there is limited capacityand limited nance or these kinds oprojects in Arica, and this has resultedin high transaction costs and a limitedappetite among investors who may

view Arica as a high risk or who maybe unaware o the many opportunitiesthat exist in a continent o developing

economies.The SolUTIoN UNEP set up the

Arican Carbon Asset DevelopmentFacility (ACAD) in 2009. Its aim is to


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unlock the potential o the Aricancarbon market by helping the Aricannance sector understand how toincorporate carbon nance into theirday-to-day lending activities andprovide training on how to improvethe fow o nance to clean energyinvestments.

ImPACTS Through ACAD, UNEP hasprovided advanced carbon nancetraining or more than 250 employeeso nancial institutions through the

Arican Bankers Carbon Finance

and Investment Forum and regionalworkshops in Sub-Saharan Arica.Several o the nanciers trained nowhave their own projects in the CDMpipeline and have used the knowledgegained to advance their projects andsearch or carbon buyers.

Also, ACAD has so ar provided

US$229,427 to 15 projects inArica to help them advance throughthe CDM project cycle and movetowards nancial closure. These

Oando Plc, one o Nigerias largest energy solutions providers,

teamed up with investment frm Alitheia Capital on an innovative

venture aimed at commercializing liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Alitheia

took part in some ACAD carbon fnance training events and later

successully applied or ACAD grant unding to help it get the project

registered as a CDM project and to identiy carbon buyers. LPG

is a cleaner, more efcient uel that can be used in the household

to reduce the rate o deorestation and indoor smoke inhalation. In

addition, its use will increase the income o local retailers.

nancial grants contribute to capacitydevelopment by helping providehigh-prole role models that otherproject developers can use as a pointo reerence. One o the projects

supported by ACAD has already beenregistered and overall, the projectssupported will provide greenhousegas emissions reductions o about2 million tonnes per year.

ACAD has also sponsored thesecondment o a senior economistat the Johannesburg headquarters

o Standard Bank, one o the largest

banks in Arica, building carbonnance knowledge within three o thebanks teams: project nance, powerand inrastructure, and investmentbanking. This has allowed or training

that is specic to the banks needsand has helped to increase lending orCDM projects.

SUPPorT German Federal Ministryo Environment (BMU), through theInternational Climate Initiative.

WebSITe http://www.acadacility.com/

ZOOM


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buildinga

marke

t

for

sunshine

Actually, the practical part o the training

was crucial and the most benefcial or me,

because all o the theories and examples

which were presented to us began to sound

much better ater that.

Representative,

amg E Enineerin,

mntener

The Problem The Mediterranean andBalkan regions have hot, sunny climates,and the use o solar water heaters is notuncommon or those with a substantialincome. But or lower- or middle-class

amilies, a solar water heater can cost upto our times their monthly income. Yet, iwe are to meet the challenge o climatechange, then people at all walks o lie

will need access to reliable supplies oclean energy.

The SolUTIoN The MediterraneanInvestment Facility (MIF) is a joint initia-tive set up by UNEP and the ItalianMinistry or Environment Land and Sea(IMELS). It aims to put in place nancialmechanisms to support renewableenergy and energy-eciency systems,such as solar water heaters, photovol-taic systems and compact fuorescentlamps, and to ensure their sustain-ability by strengthening the capacity olocal stakeholders. The MIF project is

working in Tunisia, Egypt, the FormerYugoslav Republic o Macedonia,Montenegro and Morocco.

ImPACTS More than 200 people havebeen trained in the installation and


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maintenance o solar water and photo-voltaic systems or homes, hospitals,hotels and sports centres in Egypt,Montenegro and Tunisia. In Egypt,UNEP is also encouraging hotels to

install solar water heaters throughsubsidies, awareness-raising andtraining workshops.

Workshops and other training activi-ties have allowed project managersto dene and design high-qualityrenewable-energy initiatives. In justtwo projects, more than 130 squaremetres o solar collectors have beeninstalled, producing 100,000 kWh oenergy a year. A urther 100 projectsare in the pipeline.

Credit ocers at national and com-mercial banks in Tunisia and Moroccohave also received training on greenloans or solar water heaters.

SUPPorT Ministry o Environment,Land and Sea o the Republic o Italy;Global Environment Facility.

WebSITe http://www.climatenanceop-tions.org/co/node/282/

In Tunisia, under a long-standing MIF project called Prosol, home

owners have been encouraged to switch to solar water heaters through

a combination o measures, including fnancial grants, customs duty

reductions and reduced interest rates on bank loans.

One o those measures was a system where loan repayments were

added to regular electricity bills and collected by the state electricity

utility, STEG. This process lowers the risk or banks, which are then

willing to oer loans at reduced interest rates or solar water heaters.

This was originally a temporary measure designed to help encourage

the market or solar water heaters. However, thanks to training provided

to bank ofcers, and to STEG sta in how to collect payments via

electricity bills, the Government o Tunisia has made the arrangement

permanent. Now, more than 80,000 square metres o solar panels areinstalled each year by qualifed technicians trained under the Prosol

programme.

As a result o UNEPs work in Tunisia, 466,690 people in 133,340

households now have hot water that is heated by the sun. A large

number o jobs have been created and more than 1000 companies have

installed solar water heating systems.

In addition, UNEPs activities have led to an important policy change

by the Government o Tunisia, which has decided to make solar waterheaters eligible or an energy subsidy previously only available to

liquefed petroleum gas.

The success o the Prosol project has led to similar approaches in 11

other countries.

ZOOM


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Climate change and its

impacts on ecosystems andsocieties are clearly observed

today. These impacts will

increase in the uture and are

exacerbated or poor people

and countries with limited

resources or adaptation and

strong reliance on natural

resources or their livelihoodsand economic development.

Under the The United Nations

Framework Convention on

Climate Change (UNFCCC),

developing countries require

capacity building to support

their adaptation to climate

change. UNEP works to

equip people and countries

to cope with observed and

anticipated impacts, reduce

their vulnerabilities and

increase their resilience.

Priorities include buildingand strengthening national

institutional capacities, and

supporting national eorts

to incorporate adaptation

measures into country

development planning and

policy-making, consistent with

countries priorities.

UNEPs adaptation capacity

support ocuses on national

programmes to undertake

vulnerability and adaptation

assessments, share scientifc

and policy-related inormationor decision-making and carry

out pilot demonstrations o

how vulnerability to climate

change can be reduced. UNEP

also works with counties to

undertake economic analysis

o climate change impacts

and adaptation options,and supports countries

in accessing bilateral and

multilateral sources o

adaptation fnance.


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Lessons learnt rom the CC

DARE project showed that

small-scale interventions

carried out using transparent

approaches are vital in helpingsupport climate change

adaptation and in achieving

ood security.

The ProblemAgriculture is themain source o income in Uganda,but most armers work on small,subsistence properties. Farmersdepend mostly on rainall to grow

their crops and use ew other inputssuch as ertilizers. This means theyare vulnerable to the changing rainallpatterns and climactic variability thatglobal warming may bring. But thea

ha

rvest

ofk

nowle

dge

Drake N. Mubiru,

Ntin ariutur Reerh orniztin,

kn, Un


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change and indigenous knowledgeused to adapt to it. NARO scientistsalso built skills in generating inorma-tion on agro-meteorological risks anduncertainty or crop yields rom which

patterns and trends were produced.ImPACTSThis inormation was givento armers at 300 pilot arms (covering3000 acres) via a training programme.

All the arms have now switched toclimate-resilient crops and haveadapted their arming practices, andmany are now training other armers.

As well, more than 1000 people poli-ticians, policy makers, scientists andarmers have learnt how agro-mete-orological data can guide decision-

country aces barriers in making itselmore climate-resilient, such as lacko precise rainall data and poor crophusbandry.

The SolUTIoNThrough the ClimateChange Adaptation and DevelopmentInitiative (CC DARE), UNEP is sup-porting 11 countries in Sub-Saharan

Arica and Small Island DevelopingStates to remove barriers and createopportunities or integrating climatechange adaptation into nationaldevelopment planning and decision-making. In Uganda, UNEP helped theNational Agricultural Research Orga-nization (NARO) develop an ecientsystem or collecting, recording andanalyzing agro-meteorological inor-mation, such as rainall amounts andpatterns. This enabled the organi-zation to strengthen its knowledgeabout the uncertainties aced byarmers and establish pilot projects tohelp armers learn how to adapt.

Thanks to CC DARE methodologysupport, surveys were conducted tocapture armers perceptions o climate

making about crop diversication andsubstitution.

The risk indicators developed throughCC DARE capacity building supporthave been incorporated into national

development plans and policies, andthe success o this project helpedNARO attract urther unding rom theRockeeller Foundation or ollow-upactivities. The project is now looking at

ways to build the skills o households,communities and institutions in sus-tainable land and water management.

SUPPorTDanish International Devel-opment Agency (DANIDA).

WebSITehttp://ccdare.org/

Many people who used to live a mobile lie have returned to their

villages and are using the adapted arming techniques, resulting in

bumper harvests. From one demonstration site alone, 80 armers have

adopted the practices showcased.By providing training and inormation about the best practices to ollow

to cope with climate change risks, crop yields have improved, armers

incomes have been saeguarded, and poverty has been addressed at a

grassroots level.

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The method o land use planning introduced

through the CC DARE project is very

successul and has stimulated positive

changes in attitudes and behaviours in the

villages. The village population has gaineda new perspective to conserve its natural

resources under the changing climate.

Manuel Menomussanga,

Prtiipnt,

mzbique

avie

w

from

thec

oast


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25

climate change adaptation and naturalresources management.

ImPACTSSixteen thematic maps andone zoning map o the coastal areaaround Nova-Mambone showing

suitable areas or agriculture, conser-vation, tourism, shing and habita-tion have been developed. Districttechnicians were trained in using themaps throughout all stages o theplanning processes or new inra-structure works, such as boreholes,schools and medical centres. Usingthe maps, adaptation measures such

as resettlement o people, improvedlivestock management, the introduc-tion o drought-resistant crops, theopening o boreholes or cattle in thedry season, and the use o gutters or

The ProblemThe Nova-MamboneAdministrative Post is on the coast othe Govuro district in Mozambique andis especially prone to extreme climateevents such as cyclones and shiting

rainall patterns. As a consequencethe district is vulnerable to foods anddroughts. To ensure sustainable liveli-hoods or the residents, viable andsocially acceptable climate changeadaptation measures are needed.

The SolUTIoNThree years ago, thepeople o the district proposed aproject that would identiy the climatechange risks and impacts they aced,as well as the natural resourcesused by the community in earningtheir living, and existing strategies orcoping with climate change. Throughthe Climate Change Adaptation andDevelopment Initiative (CC DARE),UNEP, in partnership with Centre orSustainable Development o Coastal

Zones (CDS ZC), a governmentalinstitution under the MozambicanMinistry or the Coordination o Envi-ronmental Aairs, helped the projectteam acquire the skills it needed on

water collection were adopted. Overall,through CC DARE, six per cent othe local population has been trainedin adaptation and natural resourcemanagement.

Building on the success o this project, asimilar one is being set up in Zongoenein the Xai-Xai district. There, the ocus

will be to develop the capacity o thecommunity to reorest mangroves,increase the resilience o the aquacul-ture sector, and raise awareness oclimate change and its impacts.

SUPPorTDanish International Devel-opment Agency (DANIDA).

WebSITehttp://ccdare.org/

Through the project a village management nucleus was created

in the districts town. This team has worked with other villages to help

them develop new skills and those groups, o which there are nine in

total, are now working with fshers, armers and villagers to addresspressing local issues such as new measures or public health and san-

itation, rehabilitation and construction o water catchments, improved

arming practices and livestock management, and community-based

natural resource management.

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The ProblemThink globally, actlocally is the well-known credo o theght against climate change. In act, ithas been projected that sub-nationalgovernments will be responsible or

50-80 per cent o cuts to greenhousegas emissions and up to 100 per cento climate change adaptation.

But local governments are sometimesconstrained in their eorts because oa lack o expertise in, and methodolo-gies or, assessing the physical andeconomic impact o climate change

at the local level and or developingappropriate responses. It can alsobe dicult or local governments toexchange detailed inormation aboutthe innovations being piloted across theglobe at the local level.

The SolUTIoNIn 2009, UNEP, withthe United Nations Development

Programme (UNDP), UN-Habitat andthe United Nations Institute or Trainingand Research (UNITAR), set up the

Territorial Approach to Climate Changeproject (TACC). The aim o the rst

Even i climate change is oten

discussed, its not integrated into

local development strategies. Ater

this workshop I am able to elaborate

projects at the local level.

Local Government Representative,

abni

tack

lingclimate

chan

geclosetoh

ome


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27

local authorities was designed andused in a series o capacity building

workshops or groupings o sub-national authorities, such as munici-palities or local councils. The training

package is also being disseminated toa wide audience through the UN-wideknowledge portal UN CC:Learn.

ImPACTS Thanks to the workshops,200 sub-national authorities rom 26countries, including Uganda, Thailand,

Albania, Egypt, Uruguay and Mexico,are now able to identiy risks and

opportunities rom climate change,

project phase, which UNEP leads, isto raise awareness o climate changeo sub-national governments. As arst step, a needs assessment survey

was conducted among more than

100 local authorities in Arica, LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, Europe,and Asia and the Pacic. The surveyshowed that local authorities wantedmore inormation on potential mitiga-tion and adaptation strategies, as

well as the associated unding strate-gies, what role local governmentsand people had to play, and what UN

support was available. In responseto the survey, a training package or

integrate them into their developmentplans and identiy unding mechanismsto assist them in their projects. Theyhave also signicantly strengthenedtheir knowledge base and networks

with other local authorities leading toopportunities or South-South andNorth-South collaboration. Some localauthorities will enter into the secondphase o the project, led by UNDP,and develop their territorial climatechange strategy and plan.

SUPPorTVarious UNEP and UNDP

donors.

WebSITehttp://www.uncclearn.org/tacc/

In Uruguay, training activities included the opportunity or local

authorities to engage with environmental groups and eco-businesses.

A strong partnership with stakeholders has developed, and the

national government in Montevideo is using the tools and methodolo-

gies introduced at the workshop covering a wide variety o topics rom

climate change mitigation and adaptation to fnancing mechanismsand territorial planning in building a climate-resilient city. The city o

Montevideo now plans to work on an integrated territorial climate plan

or the metropolitan region and prepare a portolio o linked mitigation

and adaptation projects.

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Deorestation and orest deg-

radation account or nearly 20

per cent o global greenhouse

gas emissions more than the

entire global transport sector

and second only ater theenergy sector. Constraining

the impacts o climate change

within limits that society can

cope with is impossible without

reducing emissions rom the

orest sector, in addition to

other mitigation actions.

To respond to this challenge,

UNEP, in partnership with

the United Nations Food and

Agriculture Organization (FAO)

and the United Nations Devel-

opment Programme (UNDP),

has created the UN-REDD

Programme. The core o

UNEPs REDD+ activities within

UN-REDD are to help countries

to reduce emissions rom deor-

estation and orest degradation

in order to generate unds thatcould be used by communities

to improve sustainable man-

agement o orests, strengthen

the role o conservation, shit

the orest sector to alternative

development pathways, and

support biological diversity and

livelihoods.

Since REDD+ is still a relatively

new area, capacity building

is a key to success. UNEP

works across the three major

orested regions to help

countries build the capacities

to develop national REDD+

strategies, fnance approaches

and relevant institutions. At

the global level, UNEPs ocus

is the importance o realizing

multiple benefts rom REDD+and its role in catalyzing a

transition to a Green Economy.

At the national level, UNEP is

supporting the development

o national strategies and the

implementation o readiness

programmes in 13 countries.

Another main area o work isthe development o tools and

guidance on identiying and

contributing to saeguards

required under the Cancun

Agreement. Other work includes

promoting high-level political

dialogues and engagement with

the private sector to discussREDD+ as an instrument or

climate change mitigation,

development and conservation.

+


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The ProblemWith a total wooded areao 1.45 million square kilometres, theDemocratic Republic o the Congo has60 per cent o the orested area o theCongo Basin. Home to more than 24

million people, and rich in biodiversity,the orests are a major carbon sink andare vital or the provision o ecosystemservices like ood and energy.

Though the UN-REDD programme,countries are now preparing or auture REDD+ mechanism, which isexpected to provide nancial incen-

tives to reduce greenhouse gasemissions rom deorestation andorest degradation. With predictedNorth-South nancial fows romREDD+ o up to US$30 billion a

year, there is an opportunity to createpro-poor development while conserv-ing vital ecosystem services. However,in the design o REDD+, saeguards

are needed that allow orest-depen-dent communities access to theorests, allow the creation o jobs inthe orest sector, and yet conserveorest resources.

Talking with grassroots communities

enabled us to gain very interesting

insights relevant or adjusting somechoices related to REDD+, or any other

project in sustainable management o

natural resources.

Dieudonn Nzabi Mangili,

cunity Interuteur,

mbn, derti Repubi cn

safeg

uardin

gpeop

le

andforests

withr

edd+


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31

hunters, healers, traditional leaders,small-scale entrepreneurs and private-sector employees have learnt what isat stake in ormulating and implement-ing REDD+ saeguards.

UNEPs work has provided an addi-tional orum or communities that willbe aected and engaged in REDD+and has enabled them to becomean integral part o the decision-making process. Key stakeholders,including the Ministry o Environment,now support the process and plan

extensive eld testing o the standards,which are expected to be ormallyadopted by the Government o theDemocratic Republic o Congo bythe end o the year, thus ensuringenvironmental sustainability and socialacceptability o REDD+ in the country.

A set o standards that are rigorous

and credible, manage risks and acili-tate opportunities will bolster publicand private sector engagement andinvestment in REDD+ in the Demo-cratic Republic o the Congo.

In the Democratic Republic o theCongo was a need to strengthen thecapacity to develop these saeguardsand ensure their social acceptance.

The SolUTIoNin January 2011,UNEP, in partnership with RseauRessources Naturelles (RRN),launched a project to developpreliminary social and environmentalstandards or REDD+ activities.Support was provided to developa rigorous and participatorymethodology.

ImPACTS A core group o 10 prac-titioners set up a collaborativeprocess that developed a rst seto standards based on expertiserom, among others, the Climate,Community and Biodiversity (CCB)

Alliance, and research on indicatorsand data needs at the local level. The

standards were also tested withinREDD+ pilot projects.

Through the project, more than 300people, including armers, shers,

SUPPorT Norway, Denmark, Spain,Japan and European Commission.

WebSITehttp://www.un-redd.org

During the preparation o the

standards, traditional healers in

a village in Mbandundu

Province saw how REDD+

could help them realize their

dream o keeping their local

orests intact. Once, medici-

nal plants could be collected

behind homesteads, but with

urbanization and deoresta-

tion healers have had dif-

culty fnding plants to harvest.

During the lobbying campaignto protect their right to harvest

medicinal orest plants, healers

supported REDD+ which will

result in the protection o their

orests.

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The ProblemTriggered by concernsabout the eects o orest loss on

climate change, a global REDD+mechanism based on nancial incen-

tives or Reducing Emissions romDeorestation and orest Degradation

(REDD), and or activities to conserve,sustainably manage and enhance

orest carbon, is being negotiated.

However, depending on where andhow this mechanism is implemented,

it can either deliver multiple benets,including climate change mitigation,

social and ecosystem-based benets,or bear social and environmental risks.

For example, the REDD+ mechanismcould be used to conserve orest

areas that host important biodiversity.But i orest conservation measures

neglect local peoples access toimportant natural orest resources, this

may be a social risk. Understandingthese potential risks and benets is o

Ecuador, as one o the most mega-

diverse countries in the world, aims or

the implementation o a high-quality

REDD+ mechanism, which takes into

account multiple social and environmental

benefts, valuing orest ecosystems beyond

carbon. Thereore, the study developed

with the UNEP-WCMC has helped our

country to generate relevant inormationor the development o Ecuadors National

REDD+ Program and has assisted in

planning activities related to the uture

implementation o the REDD+ mechanism.

Ministry o Environment o Ecuador

beyo

ndcar

bon:redd+

biodiversitybenef

its


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33

ers involved in the design o REDD+policies more aware o the potentialrisks and benets, and these new con-siderations are now ed into nationalREDD+ planning.

Participants o the working sessionsreturned to their home countries andpassed on the skills and knowledgethey had acquired. For instance, in theDemocratic Republic o the Congo,a urther workshop was organized todisseminate knowledge using sotwaretools developed and shared by UNEP.

Similar work has been carried out inother countries, including Cambodia,Nigeria and Tanzania.

SUPPorTThe German Federal Agencyor Nature Conservation (BN).

WebSITehttp://www.un-redd.org

major importance in planning or suc-cessul implementation o REDD+.

The SolUTIoNUNEP, through itsWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre

(UNEP-WCMC), provided trainingand support to countries to saeguardand enhance the multiple benets oREDD+ and to improve understandingo ecosystem-based benets and riskrom REDD+ in Ecuador, the Demo-cratic Republic o the Congo andIndonesia.

ImPACTS UNEP organized individual,customized working sessions withspatial analysts and decision-makersrom each o the countries. Thesesessions produced maps and graphsdemonstrating how analyses o orestcarbon stocks, biodiversity, environ-mental pressures and other issueso national interest can support the

planning o REDD+. This work hashelped make experts and stakehold-

In Ecuador, a number o pol-

icy-relevant questions were

addressed, such as the pres-

sures on carbon and biodiversity

rom deorestation and oil, gasand mining activities. This led

to discussions on the need to

update the priorities o the Socio

Bosque Programme, a govern-

ment initiative providing fnancial

incentives to landowners and

local and indigenous communi-

ties or orest conservation, and

on the need to improve knowl-edge on soil carbon stocks as

this could help mitigate climate

change. The work carried out

was ed into the Ecuador-

ian National Joint Programme

or UN-REDD, which details

the need or the country to

prepare or REDD+. This sends

a clear signal o the importanceattached to the multiple benefts

rom REDD+ in Ecuador and

paves the way or urther work

on those benefts in the country.

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The United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) is central to global

eorts to stabilize greenhouse

gas (GHG) concentrations at a

level that will prevent dangeroushuman intererence with the

climate system and to assist

countries in adapting to the inevi-

table eects o climate change.

Making the UNFCCC and its

Kyoto Protocol operational has

required new and increased

capacities in developingcountries. Many developing

countries continue to seek the

institutional and human capaci-

ties to comply with the reporting

and other requirements o the

Convention and Protocol and to

access available resources to

support their climate actions.

UNEP supports the Parties in

building and strengthening their

human, scientifc, technolog-

ical, institutional and resource

capabilities to implement the

Convention and Protocol,

comply with their requirements,

and build necessary coopera-

tion at the national, regionaland international levels.

UNEP provides capacity

support and undertakes

enabling activities or climate

change planning and reporting.

UNEP has supported countries

to undertake National Adapta-tion Programmes o Action and

is now helping with National

Adaptation Plans that priori-

tize adaptation actions. UNEP

is also supporting more than

30 countries to conduct Tech-

nology Need Assessments

that defne clean technologies

best suited or climate change

mitigation and adaptation and

development o Technology

Action Plans that acilitate

smooth transer o the selected

technologies. UNEP has and

will continue to provide support

to dozens o countries as

they undertake their National

Communications to theConvention. Beyond planning

and reporting, UNEP is

providing support to countries

to access fnance under the

Adaptation Fund, both as a

Multilateral Implementing Entity

and also through a support

programme or countriesbuilding up and registering

their National Implementing

Entities. Similarly, UNEP has

supported building o human

and institutional capacities or

the development o national

Clean Development Mechanism

(CDM) markets, including oraccreditation o Designated

National Entities and the devel-

opment o investment projects.


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The project made it clear to me as a local

community leader what I can do together

with my people to prevent or adapt to climate

change in our arming practices.

Amadou Tour,

cunity leer,

guine, wet ari

open

ingthelines

for

communica

tion


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37

experts, and has reviewed and

provided eedback on drat reports

and thematic studies.

ImPACTS With UNEPs support, 20

countries have prepared, nalized and

submitted their rst National Com-munication. Another 10 countries

have submitted their second National

Communication. UNEPs assistance

helped countries undertake technical

sectoral studies, interpret ndings, and

The ProblemNational Communi-cations, under the United NationsFramework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC), are reports thatsignatory countries are required tosubmit about the work they have done

or intend to do to cut greenhousegas (GHG) emissions and implementthe Convention. The production oNational Communications generatesa wealth o data and strengthensnational expertise or mainstreamingclimate change adaptation and mitiga-tion into policy-making processes.

In addition to limited climate relevantdata and insucient systems orarchiving inormation, the biggestchallenge aced by developingcountries is a lack o human and insti-tutional capacity to prepare the reportson a regular basis.

The SolUTIoNSince 1997, UNEP

has worked with national teams in 78countries to help them build the skillsthey need to produce their NationalCommunications. UNEP has madeavailable guidance materials to country

identiy priority sectors or their nationalor sectoral development plans.

Through the programme, UNEP hasalso helped more than 40 countriesset up unctional institutional arrange-

ments or preparing their NationalCommunications.

SUPPorTGlobal Environment FacilityTrust Funds and National Governments.

WebSITehttp://ncsp.undp.org/

In late 2005, UNEP started to help the Republic o Moldova prepare itssecond National Communication. Thanks to a combination o administra-

tive support to the project management team, technical support to national

experts, and training workshops on the use o tools and methodologies,

Moldova submitted its second National Communication accompanied by

an elaborate national GHG Inventory to the UNFCCC in January, 2010.

Inormation and expertise acquired during the preparation o the National

Communication played a key role in the countrys ormulation o a climate

change strategy, which is currently under nation-wide review. As well, a

number o measures to mainstream climate change considerations intodevelopment plans are being considered. The Ministry o Environment is

also ostering moves to have climate change issues integrated into the

national education system.

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For Senegal, the TNA project

is a good way to have a view

o the current situation o clean

technologies in the country. The

country hopes to produce adetailed Technology Action Plan

which will be very useul tool or

the implementation o programs

and projects in many sectors. The

TNA project can also acilitate the

urther preparation o the Nationally

Appropriate Mitigation Actions and

the updating o National AdaptationProgrammes o Action.

Mass Ndour, TNA Coordinator, and

Mbaye Diagne, project consultant,

sene

targ

eting

tech

nolog

ies

The ProblemDeveloping countriesneed access to advanced technolo-gies to adapt to the consequenceso a changing climate and yet at thesame time achieve better economicgrowth and social development

without adding to their greenhousegas (GHG) emissions.

There are signicant barriers to therapid adoption o such technolo-gies, including high costs, import andexport restrictions, inadequate govern-ment policies and regulations, and a

lack o experience and knowledge tooperate and maintain the technolo-gies. All o these can hinder eorts toleverage the investments that wouldaid in the more rapid diusion oclimate riendly technologies. Hence,developing country parties to theUnited Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change (UNFCCC)are encouraged to undertake assess-ments o country-specic technologyneeds, known as Technology Needs

Assessments (TNAs).


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39

nance and energy rms can accessinormation on a broad set o mitigationand adaptation technologies.

Some 15 countries have developed

the expertise to prepare their Technol-ogy Needs Assessment and National

Technology Action Plan. Sevencountries have already prepared thelist o prioritized technologies that they

would like to see adopted and are inprocess o preparing their Technol-ogy Action Plans, which will help themimplement the identied technolo-gies in their countries. Another 21countries will be involved in training

workshops in 2011. Those 21countries will benet rom the experi-ences o countries in the previousround through Tech-action, a webbased platorm gathering inormationon ongoing TNA activities.

By assisting countries to articulatetheir technology needs, this project isaccelerating the pace and relevance otechnology transer in those countries.

The SolUTIoNThrough its Technol-ogy Needs Assessments project,launched at the end o 2009, UNEPis helping 36 countries to identiythe most urgent and highest impacttechnologies they need in a changingclimate and to analyze the marketand trade barriers that prevent themrom accessing those technologies.

The countries are also looking at theirpolicy, institutional and nancial optionsto overcome these barriers to preparetheir National Technology Action Plan.

ImPACTS With UNEPs support,regional centres now provide on-sitesupport by visiting countries ondemand and have set up an onlinehelpdesk to answer questions, provideinormation, and acilitate the review ocountry reports.

UNEP has also collaborated with

United Nations DevelopmentProgramme (UNDP) along with otherorganizations to develop the Clima-tetechwiki web platorm through which

In Senegal, a national project

coordinator and two team

leaders have been trained to

prepare the National Technol-

ogy Needs Assessment andTechnology Action Plan. An

institutional ramework with

signifcantly enhanced opportuni-

ties or stakeholder participation

in technology planning has been

established.

Senegal has reached a consen-

sus on its technology prioritiesand is now looking at the bar-

riers it aces to acquiring those

technologies.

ZOOM

SUPPorTGlobal Environment FacilityTrust Funds and TMA Norway.

WebSITe http://www.tech-action.org/;

http://www.climatetechwiki.org/


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We, the armers, thought that university

proessors were unreachable. Ater

listening to what they said about climate

change and its impact on our livelihood

we understood that we and the work we

do matter to them and the government,and they are taking care o us.

Farmer,

seyhn River Bin,

Turey

builtcapacities,

enha

ncedresilie

nce The ProblemTurkey is highly vul-nerable to climate change impacts.

Present climate change eects includerising summer temperatures, less

winter rainall in the western provinces,loss o surace waters, greater

requency o droughts, land degrada-tion, coastal erosion and fooding. I nomeasures are taken to mitigate climateimpacts, they will undo the develop-ment eorts o the country. However,

Turkey lacks some o the expertiseto cope with climate hazards and thelevel o awareness on climate changeissues is low.

The SolUTIoNUNEPs support todeveloping countries in the identica-tion o adaptation response measuresthrough National Adaptation Pro-grammes o Action, National Com-munications, and Technology Needs

Assessments has laid the oundationor a body o knowledge, experience

and lessons learnt which are nowbeing used and replicated in othercountries that wish to develop National

Adaptation Strategies and Plans. Acase in point is Turkey, where UNEP

Th j i t h l h l dk d ith th UN i i


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41

The joint programme has also helpedbuild the expertise needed by thecountry to develop its Climate ChangeNational Adaptation Strategy and

Action Plan. This plan was a signicantmilestone in mainstreaming adapta-

tion issues into Turkeys develop-ment planning and has since been

worked with other UN agencies in ajoint programme to enhance Turkeysability to adapt to climate changeand to manage the risks to rural andcoastal developments.

ImPACTS More than 380 people wereinterviewed about observed climatechange hazards, vulnerabilities andassociated impacts at workshops in11 provinces. The inormation thatresulted was then ed into TurkeysNational Adaptation and Develop-ment Strategies. For example, newconsiderations or urban inrastruc-

ture projects have been added andlow-carbon and climate-resilient citieshave been included in the sustain-able urbanization strategies o threeprovinces.

Overall, through workshops and othertraining activities, more than 55,000people, or 2.5 per cent o the popula-

tion o the Seyhan River Basin, arenow better inormed and better able tocope with the eects climate change

will have on their lives and livelihoodsin the coming decades.

approved by the Ministry o Environ-ment and Urbanization.

SUPPorT Spain/Millennium Develop-ment Goals Achievement Fund.

WebSITehttp://www.iklimmdg-tr.org/

As part o the joint programme, a Knowledge Needs Survey was

organized by UNEP experts, involving 67 institutions and 190 universities.

The results were used to develop a comprehensive capacity development

programme. This included working with the Continuing Education Centre

and Earth System Sciences Department o the Middle East Technical

University in Ankara on the design and implementation o the ClimateChange, Adaptation Policies and Turkey certifcate programme that has

already trained 33 proessionals rom the government and non-govern-

mental organizations (NGOs). The course was adopted by the university

and repeated in 2011 with the participation o 20 proessionals rom gov-

ernment, NGOs and local governments. A graduate course curriculum on

Climate Change Adaptation has also been put in place.

In other activities, more than 1400 government experts rom local to central

level received training on issues such as soil moisture measurement,

climate change and gender, and early warning and monitoring systems orood planning and management. In addition, as part o the Seyhan Basin

Grants Projects, 1500 armers have acquired the skills to better cope with

the impacts o climate change on their arms.

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The project was the push we neededto get our project development

structured, and we now have a number

o developers keen to set up their

projects beore the expiry o the Kyoto

commitment period. Also the project

has enhanced awareness on CDM and

assisted us in establishing our DNA.Ann Gordon,

deputy chie meterit (atin),

Ntin meteri servie Beize

thea

bcofcdm

The ProblemThe Kyoto ProtocolsClean Development Mechanism(CDM) was designed to help indus-trialized countries reduce the cost o

cutting their carbon dioxide emissionswhile supporting developing countrieson their path to sustainable develop-ment through investment, technologytranser, environment enhancementand job creation. But some develop-ing countries lack the abilities andexpertise, policies and laws necessaryto ully exploit the opportunities oered

by the CDM. They need training tobuild the skills to identiy, develop,review, authorize and implementprojects under the CDMs rules.

The SolUTIoNUNEPs CapacityDevelopment or the Clean Develop-ment Mechanism (CD4CDM) projecthas provided an extensive training

and knowledge support programme in33 countries in Arica, Asia and Latin

America and the Caribbean.


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43

bring together buyers and sellers ocarbon credits (Certied EmissionsReductions). The Latin American and

Arica Carbon Forums were pioneered

by CD4CDM, and have now beeninstitutionalized as annual events.

CD4CDM has also developed a vastnumber o publications consisting oguidebooks, research and opinionpapers, and on-line tools that togetherhave diminished inormation asym-metries and provision costs. UNEP

set up the CDM Bazaar, a web-basedinormation-sharing platorm which isreceiving 160,000 hits a month as wellas the CDM and JI pipeline, one o theleading CDM database, analysis, andmarket development websites.

SUPPorTThe European Commission,UNEP-Risoe Centre.

WebSITehttp://cd4cdm.org/;http://www.cdmbazaar.net/;http://www.cdmpipeline.org/

ImPACTSGovernments have beenprovided with coordination assistance,as well as legal and regulatory, andtechnical support. This has resulted

in the setting up o 33 DesignatedNational Authorities, the nationalinstitutions that approve CDM projectsin host countries. CD4CDM has alsoboosted the CDM market in partici-pating countries, by providing 8000relevant stakeholders with the skillsand knowledge necessary to under-stand the CDM project cycle (2500 o

them were public and private sectorexperts, including 600 rom the nancesector). This has led to the creationo 33 national CDM portolios. Withsupport rom CD4CDM, some 840project ideas have been identied o

which 440 were ormalized and 76projects entered to validation. CDMportolios have been promoted throughnational CDM websites, Carbon Expoand Regional Carbon Forums which

Egypt was one o the frst

countries in which the CD4CDM

project began working. UNEPscapacity building activities ran

rom 2002 to 2006, enabling the

establishment o the Designated

National Authority and helping

the country become an active

CDM project developer. Egypt

ratifed the Kyoto Protocol

during the projects implemen-

tation period and today has aportolio o about 95 CDMs at

dierent stages o development

in dierent sectors including

renewable energy, aoresta-

tion, waste and uel switching.

Overall, Egypt has generated

more than six million tonnes o

CO2

emission reductions.

ZOOM

- The Problem In 2009 the Republic


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The UNEP and UNDP climate change

partnership programme to support Iraq

in building necessary capabilities is

timely since Iraq has just acceded to

the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. It will

allow Iraq to advance its knowledge and

catch up with the rest o the world in

understanding the implications o climate

change on sustainable development

o Iraq and devise adaptation and

mitigation strategies to ensure the

climate resilience o the country.

Dr Kamal Latee,deputy miniter,

minitry Envirnent,

Irq

thepracticalqu

ick-

star

tofir

aq

The ProblemIn 2009, the Republico Iraq became the 194th country toratiy the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC). But, ater almost threedecades o isolation rom the inter-

national community and because thecountrys Ministry o Environment hasonly recently been established, Iraqhas some catching up to do. There islimited national expertise to help thecountry address the challenges oclimate change, and to assess potentialthreats and impacts on its naturalresources, environment and people.

The SolUTIoNUNEP and the UnitedNations Development Programme(UNDP), worked with Iraq to help buildthe expertise needed to implementthe UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol.

This included strengthening the roleo the Ministry o Environment as alead national institution and UNFCCC

ocal point by establishing a climatechange unit staed with experts drawnrom various departments, providingtraining to the Iraqi negotiation teamand reaching out to other governmentministries that have an important role

energy and capacity building or theto play in climate change mitigation component on Renewable Energy and


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45

energy and capacity building or theClean Development Mechanism,have received or are in the pipelineto receive unding. Further, theUNEP-UNDP partnership led theMinistry to request support or a more

strategic review o the environmentpolicy in the country through develop-ing the National Environment Strategyand Action Plan.

The exact level o greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions or Iraq is notknown, as the country has yet to doan inventory. However, through its

to play in climate change mitigationand adaptation. A number o special-ized inter-ministerial taskorces werealso ormed.

ImPACTS Working with the Ministry o

Environment, and with support romnational and international experts,UNEP and UNDP supported theestablishment o an inter-ministerialclimate change committee. This, along

with the ormation o an integratedclimate change programme, helpedmake climate change a cross-cuttingnational priority.

About 100 people have receivedspecialized training and support, andclimate change awareness-raisingactivities have been conducted acrossministries and regions.

The Ministry o Environment has alsobeen supported in acquiring the skillsto prepare project proposals and

mobilize nancial resources. So ar,our projects, on the rst NationalCommunication to the UNFCCC,adaptation o the countrys marsh-lands, promotion o renewable

component on Renewable Energy andEnergy Eciency and its awareness-raising activities with the energy andindustry sectors, the UNEP and UNDPprogramme has helped pave the waytowards emissions cuts. Already, the

Ministry o Oil has begun to developGHG emissions management plans oroil companies.

SUPPorTUnited Nations Develop-ment Programme; Global EnvironmentFacility.

The success o the programme, which began in 2010, is due to the strong

partnership between the Ministry o Environment, UNEP and UNDP.

Together, the partners have been able to mobilize a large multi-stakeholder

team and provide the team members with training on climate change miti-

gation and adaptation. O around 100 team members overall, a strong core

group o 40 Iraqi experts, pooled rom government agencies and academia

has ormed and is receiving urther training to help prepare the countrys

frst National Communication to the UNFCCC outlining the countrys activi-

ties to implement the Convention and reduce emissions, and to prepare

the countrys frst national GHG inventory. Climate data will be assessed

and analyzed to pave the way or climate modelling and science-based

assessment o national climate impacts and vulnerabilities.

ZOOM


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unepsworkon

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SupptUNEPs work on climate change is shaped by the UNFCCC talks and


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49

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AdaptationREDD Outreach

t cuntis in t UNFCCC pcssoutcomes, and helps countries to respond to their needs under the Convention and its Kyoto Protocol.


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www.unep.org

United Nations Environment Programme

P.O. Box 30552 - 00100 Nairobi, Kenya

Tel.: +254 20 762 1234

Fax: +254 20 762 3927e-mail: [email protected]

For more information on UNEPs work on climate change,please visit our website:

www.unep.org/climatechange

Ready, Willing and Able: Empowering countries to meet the climate challenge

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Transcript of Ready, Willing and Able: Empowering countries to meet the climate challenge