Reading Works! 3Textbook

Reading Works! 3Textbook

Philippine Copyright 2012 by DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INCAll rights reserved. Printed in the Philippines

Editorial, design, and layout by University Press of First Asia

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Exclusively distributed by DIWA LEARNING SYSTEMS INC 4/F SEDCCO 1 Bldg. 120 Thailand corner Legazpi Streets Legaspi Village, 1229 Makati City, Philippines Tel. No.: (632) 893-8501 * Fax: (632) 817-8700

ISBN 978-971-46-0294-6

AuthorLilian A. Alegre holds a master’s degree in education with specialization in elementary education and a bachelor’s degree in elementary education from the Philippine Normal University. She is currently teaching at the PAREF Woodrose School, where she has spent the majority of her 18 years in the academe. Ms. Alegre has attended various academic seminars and symposia in different subject areas, including English, reading, and language.

ConsultantCorazon Y. Delgado holds a master’s degree in education, major in English, and a bachelor’s degree in elementary education both from the University of the Philippines–Diliman. She is presently a part-time professor of English at Far Eastern University–Makati. Ms. Delgado was a former faculty member of the Colegio San Agustin–Makati, where she served as the academic coordinator in reading and the head teacher for grades 4 and 5. She was a part-time college professor of English at the De La Salle University–Manila and a full-time professor of English at the Far Eastern University–East Asia College, where she was also a staff member of the English Resource Center.

ReviewerAnthere Paul S. Buñales is currently taking his master’s degree in psychology at the Ateneo de Manila University, where he also earned his bachelor’s degree in the same field. He is currently the Language and Grammar coordinator of Assumption College Basic Education Division, where he has taught grade school and high school English since 2002. He also taught Reading and Language at Miriam College Grade School from 1999–2002. Mr. Buñales has attended various academic seminars and symposia.

To the Pupils

The Reading Works! series was especially designed and created for you, the 21st century learner. It aims to make you see that reading is still an important and enjoyable activity even in this very modern world dominated by super computers and hi-tech gadgets. To do this, the selections were specifically written to match your actual experiences as a family member, as a pupil, as a community member, and as a Filipino citizen.

Each textbook is divided into four units. Unit 1 will let you get to know yourself through your views, ideas, and feelings as a person. Unit 2 will help you develop a deeper and more meaningful relationship with others, particularly your family, your friends, and the people in your community. Unit 3, will help you prepare for the future and its many challenges. Finally, Unit 4 will tell you more about your role in ensuring a better tomorrow for yourself, your family, your community, and the world.

Each unit contains useful discussions and activities which will help you become a critical, highly skilled, and well-rounded person.

• Connect – contains activities that will relate your stock knowledge and previous experiences to the lessons

• Search – contains activities that will help you discover the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases

• Download – contains specially written stories, poems, essays, and scripts which will engage your interest

• Click – contains comprehension questions which will measure your understanding of the reading selection

• Link – contains discussions and exercises on important reading skills

• Upload – contains activities that will help you apply what you have learned in each lesson

It is hoped that through this book, you will be able to learn not only a variety of readings skills, but also important life lessons which will help you become the best person you can possibly be.

Happy reading!

Unit 1 Knowing MyselfChapter 1 Knowing My Inner Self ...............................................................1Lesson 1 Tracing My Roots ..............................................................................2 (Recognizing Words Using Patterns as Clues: Initial Consonant Blends)

Lesson 2 A Little Act of Sacrifice ....................................................................9 (Recognizing Words Using Patterns as Clues: Final Consonant Blends)

Chapter 2 Developing Social Skills ............................................................16

Lesson 1 Showing Respect .............................................................................16 (Noting Explicit and Implied Details in a Story)

Lesson 2 Learning How to Obey ....................................................................25 (Following Two-Step Directions)

Lesson 3 Making Friendship Work ...............................................................33 (Getting the Main Idea)

Lesson 4 Mastering One’s Emotions .............................................................41 (Predicting Outcomes)

Chapter 3 Getting to Know My Identity ....................................................49

Lesson 1 Revisiting the Filipino Family .......................................................49 (Drawing Conclusions)

Lesson 2 Looking Back ..................................................................................58 (Inferring)

Unit Test .........................................................................................................66

Unit 2 Growing with OthersChapter 4 Observing the People around Me ............................................76

Lesson 1 Having Sense and Sensibility ........................................................76 (Prefixes)

Lesson 2 Meeting New Friends .....................................................................83 (Outlining)

Lesson 3 Responding to the Environment ....................................................92 (Writing a One-Paragraph Report)

Table of Contents

Chapter 5 Adapting to My Environment .................................................102

Lesson 1 Choosing Friends Wisely ..............................................................102 (Sequencing Events)

Lesson 2 Having Fun while Learning .........................................................112 (Retelling the Best-Liked Parts of a Story)

Chapter 6 Respecting the Rights of Others ............................................121

Lesson 1 Discovering Your Talents .............................................................121 (Drawing Conclusions)

Lesson 2 Recognizing Individual Differences .............................................129 (Identifying Cause-Effect Relationships)

Lesson 3 Knowing Other Filipino Groups ..................................................136 (Identifying Irrelevant Ideas in the Text)

Unit Test .......................................................................................................143

Unit 3 Gearing Up for Success Chapter 7 Showing Filipino Characteristics to the World .................152

Lesson 1 Making a Difference .....................................................................152 (Sequencing Events)

Lesson 2 Showing Excellence ......................................................................159 (Interpreting Lines in a Poem)

Chapter 8 Using Positive Traits to Succeed ...........................................165

Lesson 1 Achieving Success through Determination .................................165 (Telling Whether an Event is Fantasy or Reality)

Lesson 2 Succeeding through Teamwork and Cooperation .......................171 (Comparing and Contrasting Text Information with Prior Knowledge)

Chapter 9 Discovering What Makes You Unique ..................................176

Lesson 1 Weaving Success ...........................................................................176 (Evaluating and Making Judgments Based on a Text)

Lesson 2 Showing Filipino Ingenuity ..........................................................183 (Giving Opinions and Making Decisions Using De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats)

Lesson 3 Unleashing Creativity ..................................................................190 (Responding in Writing Using De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats)

Lesson 4 Laying the Foundation of a Good Government ...........................198 (Determining an Author’s Perspective on a Certain Topic)

Unit Test .......................................................................................................206

Unit 4 Keeping Up with the WorldChapter 10 Knowing the World ...................................................................214

Lesson 1 Going “Techie” ...............................................................................214 (Evaluating the Likelihood of a Story to Happen)

Lesson 2 Celebrating the Good Life ............................................................221 (Drawing Conclusions)

Chapter 11 Gearing Up for Challenges ......................................................231

Lesson 1 Being Watchful and Hopeful ........................................................231 (Story Grammar)

Lesson 2 Keeping in Touch with the World ................................................240 (Making an Inference)

Lesson 3 Understanding Environmental Problems ...................................247 (Identifying Sufficient Details to Justify a Conclusion)

Chapter 12 Exploring the World .................................................................253

Lesson 1 Seeing the World Closely .............................................................253 (Determining the Author’s Purpose)

Lesson 2 Coping with the World through Humor ......................................262 (Distinguishing between Fact and Opinion)

Lesson 3 Reaching Out to the World ...........................................................269 (Identifying Similes and Metaphors)

Unit Test .......................................................................................................275

Bibliography

1Knowing Myself

UNIT 1Knowing Myself

In this unit, you will discover more about yourself. The fun and exciting activities here will lead you to appreciate your talents and abilities. Let us start your journey of self-discovery!

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This chapter will help you learn more about yourself—where you came from, what you can do for others, and what you can contribute as a young individual. The activities here will allow you to share your experiences with your classmates and relate these to the situations in the selections. The different tasks in this unit will also allow you to have fun and learn at the same time. In addition, you will learn how to improve yourself, develop teamwork, enhance your relationships with other people, and make good decisions even at a young age.

Lesson 1 Tracing My Roots

How well do you know yourself ? What are your characteristics? What are the things that you can and cannot do? What are the things you want to learn? Discuss your answers with your seatmates.

Match the word in column A with its meaning in column B. Write the

letter of the correct answer on the blank before each number. A B_____ 1. thoughtful a. a song used to put a child to sleep_____ 2. precious b. concerned for the needs of others _____ 3. lullaby c. dear or beloved

Chapter 1

What’s in a Name?Knowing My Inner Self

Connect

Search

3Knowing Myself

_____ 4. fragile d. being in a state of sleep_____ 5. grateful e. persons who wish others well _____ 6. asleep f. not conditional or limited_____ 7. pleased g. thankful_____ 8. well-wishers h. glad_____ 9. unconditionally i. easily broken_____ 10. yawning j. decrease k. opening the mouth wide and taking a deep breath

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Wow, what a thought! How about finding out for ourselves where we came from?

Have you ever wondered why we are here in this world?

4 Reading Works! 3

I Am a Gift

“Congratulations for having a new baby!”

Mom and Dad read the message from the card attached to the basket of fruits. Mom said, “How thoughtful of Tita Marie. She has never failed to greet us and celebrate with us whenever there is an addition to our family.”

“We are grateful to have her around as one of our well-wishers,” said Dad.

“Nicole, when you came to this world eight years ago, we were so pleased to see our hospital room filled with visitors. Our friends and relatives went straight to the hospital after work. They were as excited as we were, and they really spent time to see you,” Mom said.

“I showed you to them, and I told them, ‘Look at our angel, the greatest gift we have received!’” Dad added.

“How am I a gift?” I asked.

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“Your mom and I love each other so much, so we got married. Then we were given a very special gift. That gift is you. That is why we love you so much. We are here to love and take care of you unconditionally,” Dad explained.

Mom said softly, “Always remember that children are the most wonderful gifts that parents can ever receive. That is why you, children, are precious. You make us happy. Now, we have your baby brother, Nathan. He, too, is a gift. He will make our family even happier.”

Mom smiled at me. Then she added, “It is important that you love and look after your baby brother because we are a family. When we are not around, you are the next person that he will depend on.”

Mom then touched Nathan’s face. “Look at Nathan’s small face,” she said. “Hold his small hands and fingers gently. Feel his soft and smooth skin. Smell him, too. You will see and feel how fragile your baby brother is. He needs special attention. That is why we need to love and take care of him.”

Just then, Nathan started yawning. “Oh, your baby brother is yawning,” Mom said. “He is so cute, isn’t he? Can you help me put him to sleep, Ate Nicole?”

“Let us sing him a lullaby, Mom,” I said.

After a few minutes, baby Nathan went to sleep.

“It is a joy for us parents to see our children loving each other and taking care of one another,” Dad said.

“I promise I will love him,” I said. “I will do my best to help you take care of him. I will make you happy, Mom and Dad.”

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1. Who is Nicole?

2. What message is expressed in the story?

3. Why should Nicole take care of her baby brother?

4. What important roles do parents play in the lives of their children?

5. Why are children important to their parents?

6. How did Nicole respond to her role as a responsible member of the family?

Recognizing Words Using Patterns as Clues: Initial Consonant Blends

A consonant blend is composed of two or more consonants sounded as one. The following are examples of consonant blends in the initial position.

bl br cl cr dr fl

fr gl gr p pi pr

sc sk sl sm sn sp

st str sw tr tw

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Link

7Knowing Myself

Read aloud the following words with initial consonant blends.

/fr/ /cr/ /sm/ /pl/ /tw/

free crash smart play twin

fresh crew smell plead twig

friend crib smile plenty twirl

friction cross smoke plot twist

front crop small plump twitch

Activity 1

Pair up with a partner. Complete the table with words that have the same consonant blend as the given examples.

black

draw

floor

grind

stay

clay

star

sweet

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Activity 2

Complete the sentence by supplying the correct word that begins with a consonant blend. Use the clue provided before each sentence.

(fr) 1. My mother brings a basket of __________________ to the hospital whenever she visits my sick grandma.

(bl) 2. I am __________________ to have caring and loving parents.

(str) 3. John needs to buy a __________________ for his guitar.

(sm) 4. The flowers in the room give a fragrant __________________.

(tw) 5. The movie ended with a __________________.

What do you think are your “great gifts” so far? List them below and tell a partner why you consider each as a great gift.

The Great Gifts I Have Received

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9Knowing Myself

Lesson 2 A Little Act of Sacrifice

Look at the pictures below. Describe to a partner what the siblings in each picture are doing.

Connect

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Supply the missing letters to complete each word. Use the clue provided after each number.

1. to eat and drink

2. the sense of taste

3. choice or selection

4. clients or customers

5. a fashion or a manner of

conduct

6. mouthful, gobble

7. determined

p f e e c

p l a

sa t r

g l

f

c n s u e

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te tnsi

11Knowing Myself

Have you ever sacrificed for somebody? Narrate the sacrifice you made. When and why do you think should sacrifices be made?

Oh, Boy!

One summer, I went to a convention for working moms. My husband and son tagged along with me. Yuan, my nephew, went with us, too. We left quite early in the morning. Because of this, he missed his breakfast. So we decided to drop by a fast-food chain on a nearby town. Like a typical boy aged six, Yuan is a little choosy when it comes to food. Considering his preference, it was best to give him something to consume just to tickle his palate. His order was spaghetti and a burger, a favorite among kids who prefer the fast-food fad.

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12 Reading Works! 3

Since it was already past Yuan’s breakfast time, I was expecting him to eat all his food. I noticed that he only consumed half of the serving of his spaghetti. All of a sudden, he spoke softly, “I can’t finish my food, Auntie.”

“What about the burger? You forgot to eat it,” I immediately replied.

He shook his head and told me, “I will bring it home for Ate Bea.” He was referring to his nine-year-old sister who was left at home. I was surprised, but I tried to convince him to finish the food since he might still be hungry. I even promised to buy the same meal for his sister, but he was persistent in saying that he could not really finish his food and insisted not to have another order. So, we agreed to take home his leftover.

On our way back home, Yuan said that he wanted a drink. I bought him two bottles of fruit juice. His eyes twinkled when I gave him the two bottles. He proudly said, “I can finish these in a gulp. You see, I am a Pacman, too! Just like Vinoknok!” He was

13Knowing Myself

referring to his pet. However, he was able to consume only one bottle and kept the other.

The long journey was difficult for all of us; the day was terribly hot. At one point, Yuan asked for water. I asked Yuan about the fruit juice he set aside, but I did not get any answer. He ignored my question, so I did not ask him any more questions. All I could do was guess what was on his mind.

Finally, we got home. Still, I kept an eye on him. I watched him gather the spaghetti he did not eat and the burger and bottled fruit juice he had set aside. He rushed to his sister and said excitedly, “Ate, I have a lot of pasalubong for you!”

1. Who is the main character in the story?

2. What is the story all about?

3. What trait of the boy is described in the story?

4. What sacrifice did Yuan make?

5. What will Bea most likely say once she finds out that Yuan sacrificed for her?

6. Why do you think Yuan sacrificed for his sister?

Click

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Recognizing Words Using Patterns as Clues: Final Consonant Blends

Read aloud the words with final consonant blends /sk/ and /st/.

/sk/ /st/

desk cast

husk most

risk just

task nest

mask test

Activity 1

Group the words in the box according to their final consonant blends.

musk fast honest mask rest list tusk ask vest disk

/sk/ /st/

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15Knowing Myself

Activity 2

List down four words from the story that contain the final consonant blends /sk/ and /st/.

1. ___________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ___________________________

4. ___________________________

Write in the box a short paragraph about a sacrifice you made in the past. Limit your paragraph to four to six sentences. Be prepared to share it with your classmates afterward.

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

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This chapter will let you find out how your actions and words affect people. It will make you realize that what you do and what you say can make other people happy, sad, or angry. It will also let you understand how your words and actions can make people feel loved, or how they can hurt them as well. In addition, you will learn various skills that will help you become a better person.

Lesson 1 Showing Respect

Put a () on the blank before each courteous expression. Then discuss with a partner why you need to use such expressions.

_____ 1. Hello, good morning! May I speak with Trina?

_____ 2. Please wait for a while, I will call Trina.

_____ 3. Opo, Lola. I will help my sister with her assignment.

_____ 4. Give me the phone now! I need to make a call!

_____ 5. Walk faster! I am in a hurry.

_____ 6. May I inform you that you still have 10 minutes to finish your test.

_____ 7. Mrs. Santos, I would like you to meet my friend, Alexandra.

_____ 8. Stay away from me! I need some privacy.

_____ 9. May I go now, Ms. Araneta?

_____ 10. Thank you so much for your cooperation!

Chapter 2

What’s in a Name?Developing Social Skills

Connect

17Knowing Myself

Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The idea of a bonding activity thrilled Penninah, especially when Trina, Gia, Mariz, and Megan accepted the invitation.a. saddened c. boredb. inspired d. excited

2. Trina tells a lot of stories from the books she has read. She is a bookworm.a. A person who reads a lot of booksb. A person who likes to tell storiesc. A person who buys good booksd. A person who gives good books to her friends

3. Penninah and his father had a compromise. They both agreed that she will go home right after the get-together.a. agreement to end an argumentb. quarrelc. promise d. suggestion

4. Taking a memento from someone’s home to be reminded of the visit is not allowed.a. photo c. souvenirb. food d. book

5. You are too young to engage in a sleepover party.a. use c. participateb. fight d. organize

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18 Reading Works! 3

Little Miss Courteous

Penninah received an invitation from Megan for an overnight get-together over the weekend. She learned that Trina, Gia, and Mariz had been invited, too. The image of a bonding activity thrilled her. Penninah thought of activities such as drawing, painting, singing, dancing, playing computer games, sharing stories, and eating. She then listed some personal things she might need for the weekend sleepover.

How should the visit be conducted?

Have you ever visited or slept at your friend’s home?

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19Knowing Myself

“Mom, Dad, will you allow me to go to Megan’s sleepover party this weekend? Here is the invitation. It is going to be fun! There will be five of us. Trina, Gia, and Mariz have been permitted to go,” Penninah narrated.

“Why did Megan plan a sleepover?” Dad asked.

“I think you are too young to engage in such an activity,” Mom said.

“She is celebrating her birthday, and she wants it to be simple but fun,” Penninah explained. “We know we are still young, but we are all responsible girls. We all have assigned tasks at home; we can set the table, wash the dishes, fix our beds, and clean our own rooms,” she added.

“Okay, but do all of you know how to act properly whenever you are with other people? You will be visiting a home. You might disturb Megan’s family,” Dad said.

“Oh, does it mean you will not allow me to go?” Penninah almost cried. “Knowing Megan, she is a good girl. We always talk about and do good things together. We study well and we do not bully our classmates.”

Penninah then told her parents that she had prepared her art materials already. “I see a fun-filled night of bonding and learning,” she said. “There will be a sharing of talents. Megan sketches well. Trina tells awesome stories; in fact, she is a bookworm. Gia and Mariz are good singers and I can show them my educational computer games,” added Penninah as she tried to convince her parents.

“Penninah, please listen to your father. We know that Megan is going be a perfect host. We also have no doubts about your

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friends’ capabilities and talents. One thing we are concerned about is that you will be visiting someone’s home and sleeping there. You are too young for such an activity,” Mom explained.

“I understand that you really want to bond with your friends. You may go to Megan’s party, but we have to compromise. We will bring you there at five in the afternoon and then pick you up at nine in the evening. You may do all the planned activities with them but you will not sleep there. One more thing, you must know how to conduct yourself as a guest,” Dad emphasized.

Dad then looked at Penninah’s older brother, Pijo. Dad asked the young man, “Care to tell your little sister how to conduct herself in someone else’s house, Son?”

“Well,” said Pijo. “Guests must show grace and courtesy. They should greet the owners or members of the household and the other visitors upon arriving. They should wait for the hosts before they do anything such as sitting, eating, or any planned activity. When they eat, they should get only enough food. They should also say ‘Thank you’ and ‘Please’ whenever necessary.”

21Knowing Myself

Mom, who was listening intently, then tapped Penninah on the shoulder and said, “Good guests must also observe the rules and restrictions set by the owners of the house. For example, if the owners say that you cannot go to the third floor of the house, then you should obey them. In addition, guests should respect the privacy of the owners by not entering the bedrooms unless invited to do so. You also show respect by asking permission to use the bathroom or any appliances or facilities in the house,” added Mom.

“Oh, and by the way, taking a memento is a no-no!” said Mom. “The best thing to do is to wait for a giveaway or a token to be given to you. Furthermore, informing the host of the time you wish to leave is very important. This way, they can arrange their activities in advance. Believe me, you will never go wrong if you practice what we have told you.”

“Trust me, Mom,” answered Penninah. “I am sure, you will be proud of me!”

22 Reading Works! 3

The much-awaited weekend came. Penninah enjoyed the company of her friends. At the same time, she learned how to compromise with her parents. She did turn out as Little Miss Courteous! Megan’s mom praised her.

On their way home, Penninah said, “If Megan decides to have another overnight get-together next year, would you allow me to go? Please… please… oh, Mom and Dad….”

1. What did Penninah receive from Megan?

2. Who were invited to Megan’s overnight get-together?

3. What thrilled Penninah to go to the get-together?

4. Why did Megan plan an overnight get-together?

5. Why were Penninah’s parents hesitant to allow her to go to the overnight get-together?

6. How should a guest conduct himself or herself when visiting someone’s home?

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23Knowing Myself

Noting Explicit and Implied Details in a Story

An explicit detail is the exact event specifically described and clearly expressed in the text. Meanwhile, an implied detail is a suggested event that is indirectly stated. It is usually inferred from the text. Study the examples below based on the selection you have read.

Examples:

• Penninah asked her parents if she could go to Megan’s sleepover party. (explicit detail)

• Pijo knows how to conduct himself in someone else’s house. (implied detail)

Activity

Draw a ( ) on the blank if the sentence tells an explicit detail from the story. If it tells an implied detail, put a () instead.

______ 1. Penninah received an invitation from Megan.

______ 2. Penninah’s parents did not allow her to sleep at Megan’s house.

______ 3. Penninah wanted to go to Megan’s overnight get-together.

______ 4. Megan knows how to spend her time wisely.

______ 5. If Megan arranged another sleepover, Penninah would love to join again.

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24 Reading Works! 3

______ 6. Penninah compromised with her parents. She was allowed to go to Megan’s party, but she had to go home before bedtime.

______ 7. Penninah’s friends know how to spend their time wisely.

______ 8. A guest needs to observe courtesy when visiting someone’s home.

______ 9. Penninah’s parents love her very much.

______ 10. Penninah enjoyed the company of her friends.

Your teacher will divide the class into groups and assign a situation to each group. With your group mates, act out different situations that require the use of courteous expressions.

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25Knowing Myself

Lesson 2 Learning How to Obey

Are you obedient? Put a () on the blank before the item that you do or practice.

________ Follow the anti-littering campaign in school and the community

________ Cross using the pedestrian lane

________ Follow classroom rules

________ Submit homework or school requirements on time

________ Respect my teachers

________ Do household chores

________ Help my siblings in doing their household chores

What did you discover? Can you follow simple orders or rules? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

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26 Reading Works! 3

Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Yaya Maring is retiring and leaving us soon.a. changing a jobb. looking for a new jobc. beginning a new jobd. withdrawing from a job

2. We will no longer be hiring a household help, so each one of you has assigned chores.a. subjects c. tasksb. services d. projects

3. Rina had a prolonged telephone conversation with a friend. It lasted for about an hour.a. limited c. shortenedb. lessened d. extended

4. He procrastinated the tasks assigned to him because he did not feel like finishing them right away.a. rushed c. delayedb. changed d. improved

5. Doing work with joy is not burdensome.a. enjoyable c. easyb. challenging d. difficult

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27Knowing Myself

Yes! I have several chores at home, and I always do them.

Have you been given a household chore? What was it?

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An Obedient Child

Father made an announcement over dinner. “Yaya Maring is retiring, and she is leaving us soon. There will be changes in our chores here at home because we will no longer replace her with another household help. We cannot afford to pay a new help anymore. You see, your mother and I are working, and we cannot do all the household chores. So each one of you will be given chores. We really need help from the three of you.”

28 Reading Works! 3

“Your schedule will be posted on the corkboard near the computer area. Rachelle, since you are the eldest, you will wash the dishes and monitor all the supplies in the house. Carlo, you can already clean the car weekly and take care of our pets as well. Feed our pets and keep them clean. Jopet, will set the table and water the plants every day. Each one of you will also have to fix your own bed and clean your own room,” Mom said.

Day one of Yaya Maring’s absence finally came. The kids started to do their assigned chores. Day by day, Rachelle and Carlo fell short of expectations because they focused too much on playing computer games, had prolonged conversations with friends over the phone, and procrastinated simply because they did not feel the need to finish their duties on time. Jopet was always assisting Rachelle and Carlo in their tasks. At times, they passed their duties to Jopet. At the end of each day, their parents checked if they had done their duties at home. Among the three, Jopet received the most complements from their parents.

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29Knowing Myself

One Sunday afternoon, Jopet’s grandparents visited the family. His mother prepared lasagna. His grandparents were delighted to know that Jopet was assisting his mother in cooking. His mother narrated that his helpful and obedient son was around during the whole preparation. “He is so good at following directions and he is very quick at handing me all the ingredients and cooking materials. In fact, we seemed to be just playing the whole time.”

“Oh, really? Jopet, can you share with us how you helped your mom in cooking? What did you do? What instructions were given to you?” Grandmother asked.

“Mother told me to gather all the ingredients and group them according to how they are prepared. For example, the ingredients that need to be peeled or sliced must be placed on a tray and the ingredients that need to be cut or opened should be arranged well on the chopping board. Mother also asked me to clean the pots, baking trays, and other cooking ware. I also prepared the trash bags and separated all the trash into wet, dry, and recyclable,” Jopet answered.

Grandfather said, “That is great, Grandson!” He then explained that if work is organized, it will not be burdensome. “You must put your heart into whatever you do so that it will feel just like playtime. When it is done with joy, work is never boring,” he added. Then he looked at Rachelle and Carlo, “You know, your Mom told me that she was not happy about your work. She told me that you regularly fail to do the chores assigned to you and that you often procastinate your duties at home. I want to share with you a saying about obedience from a martyr named Dietrich Bonhoeffer. He said, ‘One act of obedience is better than one hundred sermons.’ So if I were you, I will start doing chores right now.”

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1. What did Jopet’s father announce?

2. What changes did the children experience?

3. Why did the family decide not to hire a new household help?

4. How did the parents distribute the tasks among the children?

5. How can the saying “One act of obedience is better than one hundred sermons” be best interpreted?

Following Two-Step Directions

Two-step directions are commands requiring the doer or receiver of the action to apply two tasks in a single instruction. Try following these directions:

1. Throw and catch the ball.

2. Stand up and move around the classroom.

3. Draw a rectangle and divide it into five parts.

4. Shake your hands upward while marching in place.

5. Go to the table and get the chalk.

Activity 1

Fill out the table below by writing the two-step directions given to Rachelle, Carlo, and Jopet.

Rachelle

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31Knowing Myself

Carlo

Jopet

Activity 2

Research a simple task such as drawing a human figure or making a paper boat. Give two-step directions on how to do this particular task. Write the directions on a sheet of paper and let a partner do it.

A. Do the following. Write your answers on the blanks.

1. You see a grade one pupil who fell from the monkey bars in the playground. Write two sentences to describe what you will do.

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2. Write two sentences on how to prepare or cook your favorite snack.

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3. Your classmates are noisy. Write two steps that you must do as the class president.

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4. You have received your allowance for the week. What two things can you do to save money?

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5. You cannot find your science book. List two things you will do to solve this problem.

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B. After doing activity A, share with your classmates your realizations when it comes to giving and following directions.

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Lesson 3 Making Friendship Work

What would you do if there are new pupils in your class?

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Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The boy had a relaxing weekend. He felt rejuvenated. a. tired c. refreshedb. excited d. disappointed

2. The girls’ boisterous laughter filled the classroom. It seemed that

they really had fun.a. soft c. calmb. noisy d. moderate

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3. Paulo thought of a dull recess when Joseph did not go to school.a. boring c. livelyb. cool d. happy

4. Joseph was assigned as Paulo’s buddy. The two boys must always go together.a. critic b. guestc. enemy d. companion

What did you do to make new friends?

Have you experienced being the new kid in school?

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35Knowing Myself

An Amazing Friend

Paulo always goes to school early. On a Monday morning, he felt so rejuvenated because he was able to rest and relax well over the weekend. He was carrying his school bag and a big lunch box while walking fast. His movements showed excitement.

He opened the door. “Good morning Mica, Arthur, and Nina,” he said. He noticed that there was one person missing. His eyes moved around the classroom. “Oh boy, where are you?” he whispered. “Not this day! Not now!” He felt sad. “This is unusual! It is still too early anyway. I will unpack my things first.” Though worried, Paulo was still hoping to see that one person he was looking for.

While Paulo was unpacking his things, he saw his classmates coming in one by one. The classroom was slowly filled with boisterous laughter, loud conversations, the sounds of dragged footsteps and chairs. Still, Paulo’s buddy was nowhere to be found.

“Aaah, the bell! It is time for the flag ceremony,” said Paulo.

“Flag ceremony, classmates!” a girl exclaimed.

Paulo felt uneasy. He could not concentrate. He thought of a dull recess. “This day is going to be a bad day!” he thought.

In a moment, Paulo recalled his first day in school when he was introduced as a new pupil. His family had just transferred to the city because it was close to where his father works.

On that first day, the teacher told Paulo that he will not be alone because he will be assigned a buddy to be with him. His buddy was named Joseph, and he turned out to be an amazing friend. Paulo discovered they have many things in common. He found it easy to adjust to the new school environment because of

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Joseph’s help. His new buddy helped him feel comfortable. Paulo got to know his classmates and won their hearts, too. He also became familiar with the school policies and facilities through his buddy. He hardly noticed that two months had quickly passed since his first day in class.

When the second period came, the door opened. He saw his buddy sneaking in. Joseph handed a slip of paper to his teacher. The teacher nodded and gave him a signal to take his seat. Paulo got excited. He waved to Joseph. “Hey! How come you are late?” Paulo asked.

“The school bus broke down. Let us talk later because our teacher is looking at us,” Joseph answered.

During recess, the boys rushed to the cafeteria and sat on their favorite spot. Paulo brought out his lunch box and took out a sandwich.

“Joseph, my mother prepared this chicken sandwich for you. Look, it is so appetizing! My mom makes great sandwiches. Here is a cup of juice, too,” Paulo explained.

“This is great! I’m so hungry. In fact, I ate my food already while waiting for the mechanic to fix the bus,” said Joseph. “Oh, yummy! Thank you so much, Pau. You must bring more food tomorrow!” Joseph added jokingly. The boys laughed and enjoyed the food they shared together.

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1. How did Paulo feel on an early Monday morning?

2. What made Paulo worry when he arrived in school?

3. Why was Paulo excited to go to school that Monday morning?

4. Why did the teacher assign Joseph as Paulo’s buddy?

5. How did Joseph make Paulo comfortable in his new school?

6. How did Paulo value Joseph’s effort?

Getting the Main Idea

The main idea is the central thought of a passage or a paragraph. It tells what the passage or paragraph is talking about. In getting the main idea, the following questions must be considered.

1. What is being described in the passage or paragraph?

2. What idea does the author want to tell?

3. How can the details be best summarized?

Activity 1

Encircle the letter of the main idea of each given passage.

1. Paulo went to school early. He felt excited as he carried a big lunch box. He wanted to reach the classroom as fast as he can.

a. Paulo was counting his footsteps.b. Paulo was excited to go to school.

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c. Paulo did not want to go to school.d. Paulo was carrying a big lunch box.

2. Paulo greeted his classmates who came early. He looked around. He was hoping to see someone. He was saddened when he did not see the person he was looking for. He unpacked his things first while waiting.

a. Paulo was waiting for someone.b. Paulo was angry at someone. c. Paulo was happy not to see his friend.d. Paulo saw the person he was looking for.

3. Paulo noticed that his classmates were beginning to arrive. He waited until the bell rang for the flag ceremony. Still, Paulo’s buddy was nowhere to be found.

a. Paulo was still waiting for his friend.b. Paulo was excited to see someone.c. Paulo talked to his classmates while waiting.d. Paulo saw the person he was looking for.

4. Paulo lost hope when two class periods had passed. He was worried and thought of a dull recess. He wondered where the person was.

a. Paulo was happy.b. Paulo saw the person he was looking for.c. Paulo thought that he would no longer see the person he

was waiting for.d. Paulo was eagerly waiting to see someone.

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Activity 2

Write the main idea of each paragraph. Write your answer on the blank.

1. The teacher introduced Paulo to his new set of classmates. She also assigned Joseph as his buddy. Joseph introduced Paulo to the school authorities. He also told him about the policies of the school. Paulo was able to adjust easily in school because of Joseph.

Main idea: __________________________________________

2. Joseph became Paulo’s buddy in the new school. He exerted effort to make Paulo’s adjustments to the new school environment easy. He always accompanies Paulo. They both enjoy each other’s company.

Main idea: __________________________________________

3. Paulo was excited to go to school with his big lunch box. He brought an appetizing snack for Joseph. He wanted Joseph to know how much he valued his friendship by sharing with his friend the sandwiches his mother prepared.

Main idea: __________________________________________

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Write a five-sentence paragraph about friendship. Underline the main idea and then give a creative title for your paragraph.

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Lesson 4 Mastering One’s Emotions

Answer the following questions. Discuss your answers with a partner.

1. Do you get mad easily? __________________________________________________________________

2. When do you get mad? __________________________________________________________________

3. What do you do when you get mad? __________________________________________________________________

4. Do you know how to control your temper? __________________________________________________________________

Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Miguel threw a tantrum when Joshua accidentally broke his favorite pen.

a. politeness

b. bad temper

c. cheerfulness

d. disobedience

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2. The teacher had a diplomatic discussion with Miguel after he threw tantrums.

a. polite

b. serious

c. impolite

d. cheerful

3. Miguel was commended by his teacher for controlling his temper.

a. punished

b. disciplined

c. praised

d. respected

4. Antonio invited Jayvee reluctantly since he is still not sure of his friend’s behavior.

a. excitedly

b. cheerfully

c. unwillingly

d. happily

5. Miguel’s parents patted him on the back for a job well done.

a. tapped

b. pushed

c. pinched

d. rubbed

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Discovering Self-Control

Blag! Blag! Blag! The whole class was shocked. “Miss Reyes, look at Miguel. He got mad. I just told him to put his bag on the corner, but he left it on the floor,” said Trixie. Blag! Blag! Blag! “Teacher, Miguel is throwing tantrums!” Trixie cried out loud.

What can a person do to control anger?

Have you ever encountered a person who easily gets mad?

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44 Reading Works! 3

“Miguel, what are you doing?” Miss Reyes asked. “Please stop kicking your bag. I would like to know what went wrong, so let us talk about it outside the classroom later. Kindly put your bag in the proper place and go back to your seat,”she said in a diplomatic tone. Miguel obeyed her right away.

After class, Miguel and Miss Reyes had a long conversation. She told Miguel that he needed to learn how to control his temper. She advised him to count from 1 to 10 before doing or saying anything. She also explained to Miguel the bad things that could happen if he does not learn how to control his emotions. “I will be monitoring your behavior every day. Please be reminded, too, of our classroom policy—a place for everything and everything in its place. I hope that you will obey me, Miguel,” Miss Reyes said. Miguel just nodded.

During lunch break the next day, Antonio, Miguel’s seatmate, invited him. “I have a new PlayStation 3 at home. Would you like to play with me?” Antonio asked.

“Yes, I would love to,” Miguel answered.

Miguel and Antonio did not notice that Jayvee was on the other side and suddenly spoke, “May I go with you?”

Antonio reluctantly answered, “Um... okay, you may.”

Jayvee spent the most time playing video games while Miguel was able to play only once. Antonio told Jayvee to let

45Knowing Myself

Miguel play, but Jayvee just ignored Antonio. “It’s my turn now! You have been playing for a long time! Give it to me!” Miguel then said angrily.

Jayvee ignored Miguel, and he continued to play. Miguel, being a short-tempered boy, grabbed the PlayStation 3 and threw it on the floor. Blag! “Oh no! You broke my PlayStation 3! What will I tell my mom? I’m sure she will punish me!” Antonio said, crying.

Miguel got scared. He did not know what to do. So, he decided to call his parents to inform them of what happened.

The parents of the three boys met and discussed what to do. They then agreed to lecture the boys on the importance of selflessness, patience, and kindness.

Miguel’s parents, in particular, warned him about his short temper. Miguel felt bad about the trouble he caused. He promised his dad that he would try his best to control his temper. He then remembered the advice of Miss Reyes to count from 1 to 10 before doing or saying anything whenever he was mad. Miguel made a promise to himself: he was going to do his best to control his temper, and he will do it by following the advice of Miss Reyes.

In school, Miss Reyes observed him. One time, she was amazed when Miguel was able to manage his anger well. She commended Miguel’s effort to control his temper. “Miguel, I am so proud of you! Keep it up!” Miss Reyes said.

“Yes,” replied Miguel. “I will always do my best to control my emotions.”

Miss Reyes smiled at Miguel and patted him on the back. “I’m sure you will, Miguel. I’m sure you will.”

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1. What did Miss Reyes notice about Miguel?

2. Why did Miss Reyes implement the rule “a place for everything and everything in its place”?

3. Why must a person learn how to control his or her temper?

4. How did Miguel try to overcome his problem?

5. How did Miguel’s parents and teacher help him manage his temper?

Predicting OutcomesTo predict an outcome is to tell what is going to happen next based

on previous knowledge or story clues presented in the text.

Read the passage below and its predicted outcome. Do you think the predicted outcome is possible based on the details presented in the passage? Why or why not?

Passage Predicted Outcome

Miguel, being a short-tempered boy, grabbed the PlayStation 3 and threw it on the floor. Blag! “Oh no! You broke my PlayStation 3! What will I tell my mom? I’m sure she will punish me!” Antonio said, crying.

Antonio’s parents got mad when they learned that the PlayStation 3 was damaged.

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47Knowing Myself

Activity 1

Supply the information needed to complete the story star below. Choose the appropriate outcome in the box. Write the number of your answer in the correct space as indicated by each arrow.

1. Some of Miguel’s classmates would have tripped on his bag.2. Miguel would have said nasty words.3. Miguel might not be able to control his temper.4. Miguel might not have grabbed and thrown the PlayStation 3.5. Jayvee could have learned to be considerate next time.6. Miguel might have enjoyed playing the video game with Antonio.7. Antonio’s parents would have been mad.

What could have happened if Trixie did not tell Miguel to put his bag in the proper place?

What could have happened if Miss Reyes failed to talk to Miguel in a diplomatic manner?

What could have happened had Jayvee not joined Miguel and Antonio?

What is most likely to happen if Miguel does not count from 1 to 10 when he gets mad?

What could have happened if Jayvee allowed Miguel to take his turn in playing the video game?

What could have happened once Antonio’s parents found out that the PlayStation 3 was damaged?

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Activity 2

Give a possible outcome for each given situation. 1. Miguel apologized to Antonio and his parents for throwing the

PlayStation 3 on the floor.

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2. Miguel was beginning to get angry at his classmate when Miss Reyes reminded him to count from 1 to 10.

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3. Miguel asked Jayvee and Antonio to play with him. Miguel promised that he will control his emotions better this time.

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4. Miss Reyes noticed that Miguel has been able to consistently control his temper. She was very impressed.

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If you were given a chance to give the story a different ending, how would you like the story to end? Write on a sheet of paper a different ending to the story. Then explain briefly why you gave that ending.

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49Knowing Myself

A person’s practices and beliefs contribute to his or her identity. In this chapter, you will discover your identity by reading various selections and by doing different tasks such as drawing conclusions and making inferences.

Lesson 1 Revisiting the Filipino Family

Look at the pictures below and write three sentences about each on the blanks.

Chapter 3

What’s in a Name?Getting to Know My Identity

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Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Filipinos treasure their families as their source of strength.

a. value c. forget

b. throw away d. collect

2. We Filipinos have close-knit families.

a. highly prized c. strongly bonded

b. highly valued d. strongly opposed

3. A birthday celebration is one of the important affairs observed in

the Philippines.

a. values c. decisions

b. traditions d. activities

4. Offering and serving the best to the visitors are marks of Filipino

hospitality.

a. pride c. friendliness

b. happiness d. cooperativeness

5. Family members savor the memorable moments they experience during family holidays.

a. enjoy c. show

b. control d. provide

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51Knowing Myself

The Filipino Famiy

Filipino families are usually close knit. They always put their families first in whatever they do.

In a Filipino family, values are taught at home. Some of these values are respect for elders and other people, obedience, love for country, and faith in God. Such values are alive in almost every Filipino home. Filipinos who are in other countries also bring with them the values they have learned from their families.

What comes to your mind whenever you read the expression “Home sweet home”?

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Home is definitely the place to be, especially for young people like us.

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In addition, education is highly valued in every Filipino family. Parents strive hard to send their children to school. It is a hope in every Filipino family that each child receives a college diploma or at least finishes high school. Filipinos believe that it is through education that they can improve their lives.

Filipinos are also known for being hospitable. They offer and serve the best to their guests. Filipinos are very friendly. They value friendships and work hard to maintain good relationships with others.

Strong family ties, meanwhile, make Filipinos go back to their families wherever they may be. Since many Filipinos work abroad, they still find time to take a vacation once a year or whenever there is a chance. Similarly, OFWs never forget their parents back here. These OFWs often cannot stand being away from their children or parents for a long time. The same goes for those who have been living in other countries permanently—they usually visit their families or relatives in the Philippines on a monthly or weekly basis, depending on their schedule. Some OFWs who have saved enough money often go back here so they can spend their remaining years with their loved ones.

Strong family ties are also shown by Filipino families when they bond together during celebrations and special occasions. Birthdays, Christmas, New Year’s Eve, fiestas, Holy Week, and the like are among the special events that Filipino families always celebrate or observe. On such occasions, family members savor the fun and excitement as these are often the only chance for the family to be complete.

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Filipinos are also family oriented. The love and harmonious relationships within the family, the values taught, and the traditions practiced by the family are among the many things that bind Filipino families. For Filipinos, being with their families is truly being “home sweet home.”

1. What type of family do Filipinos have?

2. Why do Filipinos always go back to their families?

3. Why do parents give their best to send their children to school?

4. How can Filipinos best reunite with their families?

5. How do Filipinos treasure their families?

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Drawing Conclusions

Drawing a conclusion involves coming up with a general statement that tells something about a person, an event, or an idea based on given details.

Example:

Given detail: She wanted to live in a place where people did not know who she

was and where she could play with children her age. Conclusion:

She wanted to live and play like other ordinary children.

Activity 1

Check the Yes column if the statement is a conclusion based on the selection. If not, check the No column.

Practice Yes No

1. Filipino families teach the values of respect, obedience, and love.

2. Filipino families bond together during holidays.

3. Filipino families show strong family ties.

4. Filipino families give importance to education.

5. Filipinos are very happy people.

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Activity 2

Encircle the letter of the correct conclusion based on the given details in each passage.

1. In a Filipino family, values are taught at home. Some of these values are respect for elders and other people, obedience, love for country, and faith in God.

a. Family members are not respected.b. Families do not share common values.c. Filipino homes serve as schools.d. Values are preserved in Filipino homes.

2. Filipino parents work hard to send their children to school. It is the hope of each Filipino family that each child receives a college diploma or at least finishes high school. Filipinos believe that it is through education that they can improve their lives.

a. Children are required to go to school.b. The Filipino family preserves many traditions.c. Filipinos have high regard for education.d. Parents have a duty to send their children to school.

3. Celebrations and special occasions are the best opportunities for family members to reunite. Family get-togethers are often held during the holidays. On these occasions, family members savor the fun and excitement as these are often the only chance for the families to be complete.

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a. Filipino families are hospitable.b. Family members care for each other.c. Family members reunite and celebrate during holidays.d. Filipinos have deep respect for elders.

4. Some OFWs go back home for a vacation once a year or when they retire. Other Filipinos who have been living or staying abroad for a long time see to it that they pay a visit to their respective families.

a. Filipinos are hospitable.b. Family members like to visit different places.c. Filipinos know how to wait patiently for their vacations.d. Filipinos always go home to their families when they can.

5. Filipinos also maintain good relationships with others. Equally important is the practice of hospitality, which Filipinos are known for worldwide. Filipinos offer and serve the best to their guests.

a. Filipinos are hospitable people.b. Filipinos show hospitality to a few people.c. Filipinos care for the members of the family.d. Home is the foundation of the Filipino nation.

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Form a group with three to four members. With your group mates, read the following sentences and choose one topic. Act out your chosen topic in class.

1. Filipino homes teach values such us respect, obedience, and love.

2. The preservation of customs and traditions are important to Filipino families.

3. Filipinos always go home or return to their families as a sign of strong family ties.

4. Filipinos have high regard for education.

5. In Filipino homes, families show love and care for each member.

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Lesson 2 Looking Back

Write a sentence that describes each picture.

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Tell the meaning of the underlined word in each number. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Our heroes defended our nation from intruders.a. hosts c. friendsb. guests d. trespassers

2. The Filipinos’ advocacy of freedom was shown during People Power. a. support for c. protectionb. hope d. disobedience

3. The EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986 is a milestone of the Filipinos’ desire to preserve democracy.a. tradition c. commitmentb. belief d. achievement

4. We as a country have diverse traditions and beliefs.a. similar b. relatedc. aliked. different

5. Many of our customs and traditions are based on spiritual beliefs. a. laws c. ways of lifeb. celebrations d. rules

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I am a proud Filipino with good values, big dreams, and a great family.

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How would you describe yourself as a Filipino?

61Knowing Myself

Who Are the Filipinos?

Who are the Filipinos?

Filipinos belong to the brown-skinned race, and they are the people of the Philippines. This beautiful country is an archipelago known as the “Pearl of the Orient.”

Many Filipinos have shown bravery and love for their country by defending the country’s freedom from intruders. The strong will of the Filipinos, their heroic heart, and their advocacy for peace and freedom were also seen during the EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986. To this day, this event is considered a milestone in preserving independence and democracy in the country.

Moreover, Filipinos are known for their politeness, patience, perseverance, resourcefulness, creativity, hospitality, industry, skills, and intelligence. Filipinos prove these values at work, in

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school, in social gatherings, in sporting events, and in special occasions.

Overseas Filipino workers, for their part, show positive attitudes, which is one of the main reasons why employers around the world prefer Filipino workers. Along with these positive attitudes are customs and traditions anchored on various spiritual beliefs. These customs and traditions in turn, are preserved and practiced by Filipinos even when they are far from home.

Therefore, it is important that Filipinos protect their reputation as a distinct group of people blessed with positive values, unique characteristics, and diverse skills. Similarly, Filipinos should also do their best to preserve and protect the country’s many scenic spots and natural resources.

1. To what race do Filipinos belong?

2. What characteristic is shown by the Filipinos’ willingness to defend the country’s freedom?

3. How do the indigenous people contribute to the nation?

4. Which characteristics do Filipinos exhibit regularly?

5. Why should Filipinos be proud of their race?

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63Knowing Myself

Inferring

Inferring refers to understanding the hidden or suggested meaning of a text. Using hints, clues, or prior knowledge can help you understand the meaning of the text.

Example: Princess Lexine introduced herself to the little girl and gave her some food. The little girl stopped crying and introduced herself to the princess as well. Why did the little girl stop crying?

Inference: The little girl is hungry. She also felt that someone cares for her.

Activity 1

Infer the message of each given passage. Write your inference on the blank. Then write a brief explanation on how you came up with your inference.

1. The Philippines is known as “The Pearl of the Orient.” It is an archipelago. The islands and islets are stretched like beads on the Pacific Ocean.

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2. The Philippines is filled with magnificent scenic spots and abundant resources. Its long coastlines offer famous beaches and diving sites. There are also captivating marine sanctuaries and good fishing grounds. The land also gives a variety of plants, animals, and huge mineral deposits.

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3. Filipinos also have unique talents, skills, and intelligence. Overseas Filipino workers, for their part, show positive attitudes which is one of the main reasons why employers around the world prefer hiring them.

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Activity 2

Write a one-sentence inference based on each passage. Write your inference on the blank.

1. Filipinos belong to the brown-skinned race. The blood that runs through their veins speaks of the greatness of heroes—the men and women who defended the country’s freedom from foreign rule.

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2. Filipinos have roles to play as protectors of its distinct cultural heritage. Filipinos also have big roles in preserving and protecting the country’s many scenic spots and natural resources.

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3. The strong will of the people was shown in the EDSA People Power of 1986. It was a milestone that showed the Filipinos’ desire to preserve democracy.

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4. The indigenous Filipino groups contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage of the nation. The different ethnic groups share similar characteristics such as politeness, patience, perseverance, resourcefulness, creativity, hospitality, and industry.

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Watch a video about the Philippines on the Internet. Create a similar presentation to convince foreigners to come and visit our country. Act it out in front of the class. Be sure to use props and costume to make it more interesting.

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Read the story below and answer the questions that follow. Encircle the letter of your answer.

The Fruit with a Hundred Eyes

Long ago, Aling Rosa and her only child, Pinang, lived in a small fishing village in Iloilo. Pinang’s father, a fisherman, died when she was still a baby. Aling Rosa felt heartbroken then, but she found very little time to mourn because she had to take care of her only daughter.

When Pinang reached the age of 10, Aling Rosa began teaching her how to take care of herself and do housework. She taught young Pinang how to cook, clean, and wash her own clothes. She wanted to make sure that Pinang would grow up to be a responsible, hardworking person. However, Pinang did not enjoy housework at all. Instead, she preferred to play piko with her friends in the town plaza. There, she and her friends would spend countless hours playing.

Every day, the neighbors would hear Aling Rosa shouting, “Pina-aaaang! Pina-aaa-aaang! Come home!” to remind her daughter that it was time to come home.

One day, Aling Rosa fell ill and had to stay in bed. So she asked Pinang to cook porridge. Pinang obeyed her mother. However, she had to check with her mother every step of the way to see if she was doing things right. After putting some rice and water into the pot, she left it on the stove and ran off to play with her friends.

Unit Test

67Knowing Myself

When she finally remembered to go home to check on the porridge, much of the rice had been burned already. Much of the rice, in fact, got stuck on the bottom of the pot because it was not stirred at all while cooking. When Pinang served the porridge to her mother, it tasted bitter. Still, Aling Rosa did not mind. She was quite pleased that her daughter actually tried to cook.

Aling Rosa was sick for a few days. Pinang had no choice but to cook porridge. Aling Rosa was ecstatic that her only daughter was finally beginning to do things by herself.

One afternoon, while Pinang was getting ready to cook porridge again, she found out that the wooden ladle that she uses to stir the porridge was missing. She had used it earlier, so it had to be around somewhere. Impatient to look for the wooden ladle, she, instead, woke up her mother and asked, “Mother, have you seen the wooden ladle?”

Aling Rosa felt upset that Pinang woke her up. So she shouted at her young daughter. “You foolish girl! Why ask me? I have not been in the kitchen for days!”

She knew that her daughter could not find the wooden ladle because she was not looking hard enough for it. “Pinang, you are looking with your mouth, not with your eyes. I wish you had a hundred eyes to help you see what you are looking for!” she said angrily.

Pinang did not say a word. Though she admitted to herself that she did not, indeed, look hard enough for the wooden ladle, she still felt extremely hurt by her mother’s comment. She sat on the front stairs of their house and began crying.

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Soon, night fell and it was time for supper. Aling Rosa was surprised that Pinang had not come home. So she forced herself out of bed, went outside, and called out her daughter.

“Pinaaang!” she called faintly.

There was no answer.

Aling Rosa did not worry at first. “Pinang probably went out to play piko with her friends,” she thought to herself. But she began to worry when her daughter was still not home after several hours.

Days passed before Aling Rosa recovered from her sickness and regained her strength. Terribly worried that Pinang had not come home for days, she began to ask her neighbors. However, only an old woman remembered seeing Aling Rosa’s daughter.

“I remember seeing Pinang sitting on the steps in front of your house. She was crying.”

Aling Rosa did not know where else to look, so she just hoped and prayed that her daughter would one day come home. To help her forget her worries and sadness, she busied herself with housework.

One morning, Aling Rosa noticed a strange plant that had grown right in front of the house. The mysterious plant had green leaves that looked like sharp, long blades. She dug out the plant carefully and moved it to a place where there was sunlight. As days passed, the plant produced a strange-looking fruit. It looked like a person’s head with eyes all around. There must have been hundreds of them!

69Knowing Myself

Then Aling Rosa remembered what she said to Pinang several nights before. At that moment, she realized that what she said came true. She knew the fruit she was holding was actually Pinang. Her daughter turned into a fruit with many eyes. She felt sorry for what she said, but she knew that there was nothing more she could do.

Aling Rosa decided to just take care of the plant and its fruit the way she used to take care of her beloved daughter. She even called the plant “Pinang.”

Eventually, more and more people learned about the plant and its delicious fruit. The name slowly evolved into pinya, now the name of a juicy, edible tropical fruit popular here in the Philippines.

Source: Reading for Young Achievers 3

1. What situations broke Aling Rosa’s heart?a. death of her husband and loss of her daughterb. getting sick and negative attitudes of her daughterc. finding her daughter and discovering the plant d. staying in bed and eating burnt porridge

2. Which describes Pinang?a. a responsible childb. a loving childc. a happy-go-lucky childd. an obedient child

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3. How did Aling Rosa prepare Pinang to become a responsible person?a. by sending Pinang to school b. by giving Pinang a set of rules about her conductc. by teaching Pinang to do houseworkd. by requesting other people to supervise Pinang in doing her

tasks

4. Why did Aling Rosa get mad at Pinang?a. Pinang broke the wooden ladle.b. Pinang did not cook porridge.c. Pinang played all day long.d. Pinang did not look for the wooden ladle hard enough.

5. How did Aling Rosa discover that Pinang was missing?a. a friend informed herb. nobody cooked for herc. the neighbors told herd. Pinang did not come home for several days.

6. Which group of words from the selection shows initial consonant blends? a. ask, just, firstb. only, died, takec. clean, play, shout d. felt, work, sunlight

7. What word in the sentence “Pinang had to check her sick mother” shows initial consonant blends? a. sickb. checkc. Pinang d. mother

71Knowing Myself

8. Which group of words from the selection shows final consonant blends?

a. ask, just, first b. only, died, take c. clean, play, shout d. felt, work, sunlight 9. What word in the sentence “I wish you had a hundred eyes!”

shows a final consonant blend? a. had b. eyes c. wish d. hundred 10. What word with an initial consonant blend can best complete

the sentence “Pinang ________________ the rice that got stuck on the bottom of the pot?”

a. stirred b. cleaned c. stopped d. whipped 11. What statement is implied in the selection? a. Pinang learned how to cook well by herself. b. The origin of the pineapple is based on a curse. c. Pinang learned how to become a responsible daughter. d. Controlling one’s temper is the best way of handling a

confrontation.

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12. Which is an example of a two-step direction given by Aling Rosa to Pinang?

a. Pinang, take a bath now. b. Pinang, it is time to cook porridge. c. Pinang, look for the wooden ladle hard enough. d. Pinang, in cooking porridge, you must wash the rice first

before putting water in the pot. . 13. What two-step procedure did Pinang follow in preparing porridge

for her sick mother? a. putting some rice and water into the pot b. checking every procedure with her mother c. remembering where to keep the wooden ladle d. serving the porridge to her mother with a bitter taste

14. What is the main idea of the following paragraph?

One morning, Aling Rosa noticed a strange plant that had grown right in front of the house stairs. The mysterious plant had green leaves that looked like sharp, long blades. She dug out the plant carefully and moved it to a place where there was sunlight. As days passed, the plant produced a stranged-looking fruit. It looked like a person’s head with eyes all around. There must have been hundreds of them!

a. A mysterious plant had grown in front of the house. b. Aling Rosa was surprised to see the mysterious plant in front of the house. c. Aling Rosa thought that the mysterious plant would die if it remains in the place where there is no sunlight. d. All of the above

73Knowing Myself

15. What is the theme of the story? a. The story shows the origin of pineapple. b. A child has to look for the object well. c. A child has to be obedient to the parents. d. The pineapple resulted from a parent’s curse.

16. What can be inferred from the statement “Pinang, you are looking with your mouth, not with your eyes. I wish you had a hundred eyes to help you see what you are looking for!”?

a. Pinang had poor eyesight. b. Pinang was too lazy to look for the object. c. Pinang had to open her eyes wide to see all things. d. Pinang need not look for the objects because she may use other parts of her body.

17. Which can you infer from the paragraph below?

Aling Rosa decided to just take care of the plant and its fruit the way she used to take care of her beloved daughter. She even called the plant “Pinang.” Eventually, more and more people learned about the plant and its delicious fruit. The name slowly evolved into “pinya,” now the name of a juicy, edible tropical fruit popular here in the Philippines.

a. The word “Pinya” originated from the word “Pinang.” b. Pineapples grow in tropical regions. c. Fruits become juicy if given proper care. d. All of the above

74 Reading Works! 3

18. What can you conclude when Pinang did not say a word when her mother scolded her?

a. Pinang got scared. b. Pinang was very angry. c. Pinang was sorry for her bad action. d. Pinang ignored her mother

19. What can you conclude from Aling Rosa’s situation when she hoped and prayed to see her daughter again?

a. Aling Rosa was sorry for losing her temper. b. Aling Rosa missed her daughter so much. c. Aling Rosa wanted to make up for her bad action. d. All of the above

20. What message does the selection want to impart to children and parents?

a. Children and parents need to respect each other. b. Children and parents need to compromise over a difficult

situation. c. Parents and children have to help each other solve their

problems in a diplomatic way. d. All of the above