Reading the Periodic Table

A way of organizing & classifying elements

• Arranged in rows and columns

Columns

• The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table are called groups or families.

• Elements in the same group or family have similar characteristics or properties.

Rows

• The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods.

• Elements in a period are not alike in properties.

• The first element in a period is usually an active solid, and the last element in a period is always an inactive gas.

Rows

• Atomic # (number of protons) increases from left to right across a period.

Rows

• Metals are on the left• Non-metals are on the right

•very reactive metals.

•malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.

•softer than most other metals

•can explode if they are exposed to water

ALKALI METALSALKALI METALS

•metals

•very reactive

•not found free in nature

ALKLINE EARTH ALKLINE EARTH METALSMETALS

•ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat

•iron, cobalt, and nickel are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

TRANSITION TRANSITION METALSMETALS

RARE EARTH RARE EARTH ELEMENTSELEMENTS

•many are man-made

OTHER OTHER METALSMETALS

•are ductile malleable and solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque

METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS

•have properties of both metals and non-metals

•some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

NON-METALSNON-METALS

•not able to conduct electricity or heat very well

•very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets

HALOGENSHALOGENS

•"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"

•exist in all three states of matter:

•Solid- Iodine, Astatine •Liquid- Bromine •Gas- Fluorine, Chlorine

NOBLE GASESNOBLE GASES

•do not form compounds easily