Reading: InstructionReading: Instruction, Intervention ... · PDF fileReading:...
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Briefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School LeadersBriefing for Focus School Leaders
Reading: InstructionReading: InstructionReading: InstructionReading: InstructionReading: Instruction, Reading: Instruction, Intervention, & ResourcesIntervention, & Resources
Reading: Instruction, Reading: Instruction, Intervention, & ResourcesIntervention, & Resources
Thomas Santangelo
2014-15
Thomas SantangeloEnglish & Reading Specialist
Virginia Department of Education
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OverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewOverviewI.I. Reading: InstructionReading: InstructionIIII R di I t tiR di I t tiI.I. Reading: InstructionReading: InstructionIIII R di I t tiR di I t tiII.II. Reading: InterventionReading: InterventionIII.III.Reading: ResourcesReading: ResourcesII.II. Reading: InterventionReading: InterventionIII.III.Reading: ResourcesReading: ResourcesggIV.IV.WritingWriting
ggIV.IV.WritingWriting
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Reading: InstructionReading: InstructionReading: InstructionReading: Instruction
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Skills vs. StrategiesSkills vs. StrategiesSkills vs. StrategiesSkills vs. Strategies
• Skills: The ability to perform a task consistently over time They should be performed automaticallyover time. They should be performed automatically without thinking about how it’s done.
• Example: Riding a bicycle
• Strategies: Steps taken to approach a task orStrategies: Steps taken to approach a task or solve a problem. Being strategic is having more than one option available to you.
• Example: Working a puzzle
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Source: Megan Poore, Reading Strategically
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• Teachers should be prepared to deliver small group instruction in either Guided Reading format or Skillsinstruction in either Guided Reading format or Skills-focused format as student need requires.• Understanding “skills vs. strategies” comes into play.
1. Guided Reading formatPurpose: to allow students to integrate their new acquired p g qskills and knowledge while reading text for meaning
“Guided Reading is a context in which a teacher supports each reader’s development of effective strategies for processing novel texts at increasingly challenging levels of difficulty” (Fountas & Pinnell 1996 p 3) • Selecting the textPinnell, 1996, p. 3). Selecting the text
• Introducing the text• Reading the text• Discussing the text
T hi f t t i ti iti
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Hinze/Gustafson July 2008• Teaching for strategic activities• Extending meaning (optional)• Word Work (optional) Slide Credit: Becky Hinze,
http://beckyhinze.pbworks.com/f/Indianola+Small+group.ppt
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Small/Flexible Groups with centers/stations (45-60 mins,15-25 mins each group)
Limitations of Guided Reading for students still acquiring initial skills (think intervention):
Doesn’t always provide enough opportunities for mastery-oriented practice on foundational skillsoriented practice on foundational skills
Doesn’t always provide the structure necessary for systematic review by struggling readerssystematic review by struggling readers
Often, the leveled books used in guided reading lessons do not provide practice on early phonemic decoding skillsnot provide practice on early phonemic decoding skills
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Hinze/Gustafson July 2008Slide Credit: Becky Hinze, http://beckyhinze.pbworks.com/f/Indianola+Small+group.ppt
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Small/Flexible Groups with centers/stations (45-60 mins,15-25 mins each group)
“Leveled books are fine ford h d h bstudents who can read them but are not
helpful as the central tool of instruction f hild i k ”for children at risk.”~ Louisa Moats
2014-15http://goo.gl/cQxFF4
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Small/Flexible Groups with centers/stations (45-60 mins,15-25 mins each group)
2. The Skills-focused lesson format
Purpose: to provide explicit and systematic p p p yinstruction, as well as extended and focused practice on specific skills and knowledge for
fstudents who need this before attempting to integrate these skills by way of a guided reading lessonlesson.
• Explicit Instruction of the skill. p• Focus Statement (what and why learning the skill) • Model (I do it.) Think Aloud• Guided Practice (We do it.)
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Hinze/Gustafson July 2008Slide Credit: Becky Hinze, http://beckyhinze.pbworks.com/f/Indianola+Small+group.ppt
Guided Practice (We do it.)• Independent Practice (You do it.)
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A Stairway to ProficiencyA Stairway to ProficiencyA Stairway to ProficiencyA Stairway to Proficiency
Vocabulary & ComprehensionVocabulary and Higher-order Thinking Skills (Comprehension)
Fluency and ComprehensionFluency and Higher-order Thinking Skills (Comprehension)
Word Recognition and Fluency
PA d W d R itiPh l i l A Ph i d
Phonics, Word Recognition and Fluency
PA and Word RecognitionPhonological Awareness, Phonics and Word Recognition
2014-15Adapted from the work of Michael McKenna & Sharon Walpole Adapted from the work of Michael McKenna & Sharon Walpole
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Text Complexity, Comprehension Strategies, and Reading Levels
“I would encourage you to continue to teach comprehension strategies as a scaffold for dealing with challenging text. The point would be to make it possible for kids to make sense of t l h ll i t t th f t t itruly challenging texts; the use of strategies could be enough to allow some kids to scaffold their own reading successfully meaning theytheir own reading successfully--meaning they might be able to read frustration level texts as if they were written at their instructional level.”they were written at their instructional level.
~Tim Shanahanshanahanonliteracy com/
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shanahanonliteracy.com/8/25/14
http://educationnext.org/leveled-reading-making-literacy-myth/
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What Are the Features of Complex Text?
Subtle and/or frequent transitions
• Multiple and/or subtle themes and purposes
• Density of information
• Unfamiliar settings, topics or events
Lack of repetition overlap or similarity in words and• Lack of repetition, overlap, or similarity in words and sentences
• Complex sentences
• Uncommon vocabulary
• Lack of words, sentences or paragraphs that review or pull things together for the studentpull things together for the student
• Longer paragraphs
• Any text structure which is less narrative and/or mixes
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structures
Source: David Liben (2014), http://goo.gl/eur4Uy
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K-3 Reading Comprehension: What WorksK-3 Reading Comprehension: What Works5 Recommendations5 Recommendations1.Teach students how to use reading comprehension strategies. 2. Teach students to identify and use the text’s organizational structure to comprehend learn andstructure to comprehend, learn, and remember content. 3. Guide students through focused, hi h lit di i thhigh-quality discussion on the meaning of text.
4. Select texts purposefully to4. Select texts purposefully to support comprehension development. 5 Establish an engaging and motivating context in which
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5. Establish an engaging and motivating context in which to teach reading comprehension.
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Recommendation #1Recommendation #1Recommendation #1Recommendation #1Teach students how to use reading comprehension strategiesTeach students how to use reading comprehension strategies.
1. Activating prior knowledge/Predicting
2. Questioning
3. Visualizingg
4. Monitoring, Clarifying, and Fix-Up
5 Dra ing Inferences5. Drawing Inferences
6. Summarizing/Retelling
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Recommendation #2Recommendation #2Recommendation #2Recommendation #2Teach students to identify and use the text’s organizational y gstructure to comprehend, learn, and remember content. 1. Explain how to identify and connect the
t f ti t tparts of narrative texts.
2. Provide instruction on common structures of i f i linformational texts.
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Nonfiction Text StructureNonfiction Text StructureNonfiction Text StructureNonfiction Text StructureStructure Signal Words Graphic Organizer
Description (or Main Idea/Detail)• Provides a specific
• Above• Across• All
• Behind• Below• Beside
g p g
Provides a specific topic and its attributes• Main idea(s) is/are supported by descripti e details
All• Also• Appears to be• As an e ample
Beside• By observing• Characteristics are
For e ampledescriptive details example • For example• For instance
Sequence (or chronological)
• Additionally • After
• Finally• Firstchronological)
• Provides information/events in chronological order
• After• After that • Afterward• Another
• First• Following• Initially• Last
• Details are in specific order to convey specific meaning
• At __ (time) • Before• During
• Later• Meanwhile• Next
2014-15 Source: Margarita Calderón, Ph.D.
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Walkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough Forms
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http://www.fcrr.org/for-educators/principal_checklists.asp
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Walkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough FormsWalkthrough Forms
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Although developed for Florida educators, these checklists provide many helpful features beneficial to educational leaders elsewhere.
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Three Tier ModelThree Tier ModelThree Tier ModelThree Tier Model
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“The first, best stepThree Tier ModelThree Tier ModelThree Tier ModelThree Tier Model best step
with regard to
i iintervention is
prevention.”p
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VDOE Elementary English & Reading SOL 3.5 Triple Venn Diagram -Instructional Insights
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http://goo.gl/ha8wn0
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eMediaVAeMediaVAeMediaVAeMediaVA
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emediava.org
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Virginia State Reading AssociationVirginia State Reading AssociationVirginia State Reading AssociationVirginia State Reading Association
Where it All Comes Together: Where it All Comes Together: The English Language ArtsThe English Language ArtsThe English Language Arts The English Language Arts
BlockBlock• What are the essential• What are the essential components of the ELA block?• Where can I find learningWhere can I find learning center activities (esp. technology based)?• How can I more effectively manage the block?
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ReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflect
Debrief Based on the information Based on the information discusseddiscusseddiscussed…discussed…
What components of yourWhat components of yourWhat components of your What components of your overall reading program may overall reading program may need attention? need attention?
What will be your immediate next What will be your immediate next t ?t ?
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steps?steps?
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Reading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: InterventionReading: Intervention
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Early Intervention Reading Initiative EIRI Web Page
2014-15 http://goo.gl/ZYwY3a See last slide for disclaimer.
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EIRIEIRIEIRIEIRI"At th b i i f th h l l l"At th b i i f th h l l l "At the beginning of the school year, local school divisions shall partner with the parents of those third grade students in the
"At the beginning of the school year, local school divisions shall partner with the parents of those third grade students in theparents of those third grade students in the division who demonstrate reading deficiencies, discussing with them a developed plan for remediation and
parents of those third grade students in the division who demonstrate reading deficiencies, discussing with them a developed plan for remediation anddeveloped plan for remediation and retesting. The results of all reading diagnostic tests and reading remediation
h ll b di d ith th t d t d th
developed plan for remediation and retesting. The results of all reading diagnostic tests and reading remediation
h ll b di d ith th t d t d thshall be discussed with the student and the student's parent prior to the student being promoted to grade four.“
shall be discussed with the student and the student's parent prior to the student being promoted to grade four.“promoted to grade four.
~House Bill 1181 (2012)promoted to grade four.
~House Bill 1181 (2012)
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EIRIEIRIEIRIEIRI “Reading intervention services may include the “Reading intervention services may include the “Reading intervention services may include the
use of: special reading teachers;
“Reading intervention services may include the use of:
special reading teachers; special reading teachers; trained aides; volunteer tutors under the supervision of a
special reading teachers; trained aides; volunteer tutors under the supervision of a volunteer tutors under the supervision of a
certified teacher; computer based reading tutorial programs;
volunteer tutors under the supervision of a certified teacher;
computer based reading tutorial programs; computer-based reading tutorial programs; aides to instruct in-class groups while the
teacher provides direct instruction to the
computer-based reading tutorial programs; aides to instruct in-class groups while the
teacher provides direct instruction to theteacher provides direct instruction to the students who need extra assistance; and
extended instructional time in the school day or
teacher provides direct instruction to the students who need extra assistance; and
extended instructional time in the school day or
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extended instructional time in the school day or school year for these students.”extended instructional time in the school day or school year for these students.”
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PALS Identification Rates (Fall/Spring)PALS Identification Rates (Fall/Spring)PALS Identification Rates (Fall/Spring)PALS Identification Rates (Fall/Spring)Scale = % VA I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Grade 2 21 17 24 16 22 16 19 17 20 16 21 17 24 19 20 17 20 17
Grade 1 12 15 14 16 12 16 11 16 10 14 11 16 13 16 12 16 12 18
Kindergarten 13 9 14 9 9 8 12 7 13 8 13 8 16 10 17 11 12 11
What percentage of students have been identified as needing reading intervention? Higher percentages indicate higher need.
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Intervention EffectivenessIntervention EffectivenessIntervention EffectivenessIntervention EffectivenessVA I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Grade 2 35.9% 37.6% 37.2% 35% 33.7% 34.3% 36.3% 36.3% 34.7%
Grade 1 33% 36.4% 30.8% 32.5% 31.8% 32% 35.2% 33.5% 29.6%
Kindergarten 59% 58% 54% 65.2% 63.2% 57.8% 59% 58.4% 47.9%
What percentage of those students who were identified as needing intervention in the fall, were identified as needing intervention again in the spring? Lower percentages are better.
32%32%
71%VA: 56%
87%
68%
VA: 56%
2014-15 56%
60%68%62%76%
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Regression (a.k.a. “slippage”)Regression (a.k.a. “slippage”)Regression (a.k.a. “slippage”)Regression (a.k.a. “slippage”)VA I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Grade 2 4.7% 4.2% 4.4% 4.5% 4.9% 4.6% 5.8% 5.7% 3.8%
Grade 1 8.9% 9.5% 9.1% 8.8% 7.5% 9.6% 9.3% 9.5% 10.4%
Kindergarten 3.6% 3.8% 3.9% 2.8% 3.1% 2.8% 4.2% 4.5% 5.1%
What percentage of students that were NOT identified as needing intervention in the fall, were identified as needing intervention in the spring? Data may reflect the degree to which the school or classroom reading program, in conjunction with progress monitoring, is being carried out with p g , j p g g, gconsistency and/or fidelity.
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Reading Intervention: What WorksReading Intervention: What Works5 Recommendations1. Screen all students for potential reading problems at the beginning of the year and again in the middle of the year. Regularly g y g ymonitor the progress of students who are at elevated risk for developing reading disabilities. 2. Provide differentiated reading instruction for all students based on assessments of students’ current reading glevels (tier 1). 3. Provide intensive, systematic instruction on up to three foundational reading skills inon up to three foundational reading skills in small groups to students who score below the benchmark on universal screening. Typically these groups meet between three
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Typically these groups meet between three and five times a week for 20–40 minutes (tier 2).
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Reading Intervention: What WorksReading Intervention: What Works5 Recommendations
4. Monitor the progress of tier 2 students at least once a month. Use these data to determine whether students still require intervention. For those still making insufficient progress, school-wide teamsinsufficient progress, school wide teams should design a tier 3 intervention plan.
5. Provide intensive instruction daily that ypromotes the development of various components of reading proficiency to students who show minimal progress afterstudents who show minimal progress after reasonable time in tier 2 small group instruction (tier 3).
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English Language Learners: What WorksEnglish Language Learners: What Works5 Recommendations5 Recommendations1.Teach students how to use reading comprehension strategies. 2. Teach students to identify and use the text’s organizational structure to comprehend learn andstructure to comprehend, learn, and remember content. 3. Guide students through focused, hi h lit di i thhigh-quality discussion on the meaning of text.
4. Select texts purposefully to4. Select texts purposefully to support comprehension development. 5 Establish an engaging and motivating context in which
2014-15 http://goo.gl/QvQCuX
5. Establish an engaging and motivating context in which to teach reading comprehension.
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ReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflectReflect
Debrief Which Which aspects of reading aspects of reading intervention areintervention are being deliveredbeing deliveredintervention are intervention are being delivered being delivered well in your school?well in your school?
What What is missing is missing or may need or may need some some strengthening? What are strengthening? What are your next steps?your next steps?
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R di RR di RR di RR di RReading: ResourcesReading: ResourcesReading: ResourcesReading: Resources
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SOL English ResourcesSOL English ResourcesSOL English ResourcesSOL English Resources
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http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/english/index.shtml
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Text-Dependent Questioning(evidence-based responding)Text-Dependent Questioning(evidence-based responding)
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Text-Dependent Questioning(evidence-based responding)Text-Dependent Questioning(evidence-based responding)
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2014-15Source: http://goo.gl/B6SVkF
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Source: http://goo.gl/avgnBy
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EIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional Workshops• K-3 Classroom Teachers
Date Region Location Maximum Number of
• Reading Specialists
Teachers per Division
Nov. 13, 2014
VII Cantrell Banquet Hall, UVAWise, VA
62014 Wise, VANov. 19, 2014
VI/VIII Higher Education CenterRoanoke, VA
5
Feb. 19, IV/V Zehmer Hall, UVA 42015 Charlottesville, VAMar. 18, 2015
I/II/III Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA
3
I t t d t h h ld t t th i PALS Di i i R t tiInterested teachers should contact their PALS Division Representative asthey are handling registration.
2014-15http://goo.gl/rmavU1
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EIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional WorkshopsEIRI Regional Workshops
• Making the Most of PALS Reports and Resources
• PALS Electronic Lesson Plans for Each Developmental Level of Readingg
• PALS Quick-Checks for Progress Monitoring and Formative AssessmentAssessment
• Early Reading Instructional Strategies and Resources: Library of Virginia & VDOELibrary of Virginia & VDOE
9am-4pm, lunch provided
2014-15http://goo.gl/rmavU1
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eMediava Library or PlaylistseMediava Library or Playlists
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Interactive Phonics GamesInteractive Phonics GamesVDOE playlist:VDOE playlist:“VDOE Reading Phonics Games: Multisyllabic Words”
2014-15Source: Primary Literacy Centers by S. Nations, & M. Alonso
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Interactive Phonics GamesInteractive Phonics GamesVDOE playlist:VDOE playlist:“VDOE Reading Phonics Game: Short vowels, initial/final consonants, blends, digraphs”
2014-15Source: Primary Literacy Centers by S. Nations, & M. Alonso
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FCRR Center ActivitiesFCRR Center ActivitiesFCRR Center ActivitiesFCRR Center Activities
2014-15http://goo.gl/RcY7R
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Phonemic Awareness (K-1)Phonemic Awareness (K-1)S d Q tS d Q tS d Q tS d Q tSound QuestSound QuestSound QuestSound Quest
MaterialsSet of double-picture cards (Activity Master PA 048 AM1)
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PA.048.AM1)Student sheet (Activity Master PA.048.SS)ScissorsGlue
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Why Your Reading Instruction Why Your Reading Instruction Why Your Reading Instruction Why Your Reading Instruction y gy gMust Include WritingMust Include Writing
y gy gMust Include WritingMust Include Writing
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51
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Why Reading Instruction Must Why Reading Instruction Must Include WritingInclude Writing
Why Reading Instruction Must Why Reading Instruction Must Include WritingInclude Writing
Do students…Do students…Do students…Do students…
Include WritingInclude WritingInclude WritingInclude WritingDo students…Do students…Do students…Do students…
Write about what they have read?
R di h iDid You Know?Did You Know?Did You Know?Did You Know?
Reading comprehension improves as the amount of
iti i ?writing increases?
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ReadingReading--Inspired Writing (Early Literacy)Inspired Writing (Early Literacy)ReadingReading--Inspired Writing (Early Literacy)Inspired Writing (Early Literacy)Thi ki b h b k / j dThi ki b h b k / j dThinking about the book you/we just read…Thinking about the book you/we just read…
• Draw a picture of your favorite part.
• Write why it was your favorite part• Write why it was your favorite part.
• Write a question you have about what you/we just read.
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Elementary WritingElementary WritingElementary WritingElementary WritingR d iR d iRecommendations…Recommendations…
• Provide daily time for students to itwrite
• Teach students to use the writing process for a variety of purposes
• Teach students to become fluent with handwriting, spelling, g p gsentence construction, typing, and word processing
• Create an engaged communityCreate an engaged community of writers
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KK--2 Workshop: 2 Workshop: Teaching Writing as a ProcessTeaching Writing as a Process
2014-15 http://bit.ly/saTY4GPlease see last slide for disclaimer
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Virginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing Project
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Virginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing ProjectVirginia Writing ProjectRegional Affiliate
Contact E-Mail Website
Central Va Kateri thundekg@jmu e http://curry virginia edu/commuCentral Va KateriThunder
http://curry.virginia.edu/community-programs/professional-development/cvwp
Eastern Va Jim [email protected] http://education.wm.edu/centerBeers s/evwp/
Northern Va Paul Rogers
http://nvwp.org/
Blue Ridge CarrieHonaker
http://blueridgewritingproject.wordpress.com/
Tidewater Lea Lee [email protected] http://ww2.education.odu.edu/eci/tidewater/
Appalachian Amy Clark
http://www2.uvawise.edu/awp/
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Contact InformationContact InformationContact InformationContact InformationTracy Fair RobertsonTracy Fair RobertsonTracy Fair RobertsonTracy Fair Robertson
English English CoordinatorCoordinatorTracy.Robertson@[email protected]
804804--371371--75857585
English English CoordinatorCoordinatorTracy.Robertson@[email protected]
804804--371371--75857585
Thomas SantangeloThomas SantangeloElementary English/Reading SpecialistElementary English/Reading Specialist
Thomas SantangeloThomas SantangeloElementary English/Reading SpecialistElementary English/Reading SpecialistElementary English/Reading SpecialistElementary English/Reading [email protected]@doe.virginia.gov
804804--225225--32033203
Elementary English/Reading SpecialistElementary English/Reading [email protected]@doe.virginia.gov
804804--225225--32033203
Virginia Department of Virginia Department of EducationEducation
Virginia Department of Virginia Department of EducationEducation
Assessment OfficeAssessment [email protected][email protected]
804804--225225--21022102
Assessment OfficeAssessment [email protected][email protected]
804804--225225--21022102
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804804 225225 21022102804804 225225 21022102
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DisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimerDisclaimer
Reference within this presentation toReference within this presentation to any specific commercial or non-commercial product process orcommercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does notmanufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply an endorsement, recommendation or favoring by therecommendation, or favoring by the Virginia Department of Education.
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