Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... ·...
Transcript of Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... ·...
![Page 1: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Mon. Apr. 23, 2018
– Reading:
• Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazards
![Page 2: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Eyjafjallojokull
• Eruption under ice cap– Lava / meltwater interactions generate fine grained ash
• Covers 52,000 km2 area (i.e. ~230 km on-a-side square)
AP Photo by Jon Gustafsson
![Page 3: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Eyjafjallojokull – MODIS Rapid Response System
• Aqua / MODIS image 2010_04_15 1330UT (Terra / MODIS gives AM images)
MODIS
Scotland
Ash Cloud
![Page 4: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Eyjafjallojokull
• Hyperion (on EO-1) images in visible light and near-infrared from April 17• 220 spectral bands from 0.4 to 2.5 m• 30-m resolution 7.7 km 100 km strip• Used to estimate effusion rates (but not quoted this press release)
![Page 6: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Remote Sensing of Earthquake Hazards
• USGS Earthquake Hazards GIS System
• Recognition and mapping of faultsin poorly mapped regions
• Estimates of deformation from– Radar Interferometry– Subpixel effects in visible/IR images
(along fault trace)
![Page 7: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
USGS Shakemap
![Page 8: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
USGS Mercalli Map
![Page 9: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
USGS Mercalli Map
![Page 10: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Cities
![Page 11: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Human Impact
Image byOmar Havana / Getty Images, retreved fromCBS News 2015_04_27
![Page 13: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Fault Recognition
Sabins 1997
![Page 14: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Fault Recognition
Sabins 1997
![Page 15: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Fault recognition in China
Sabins 1997
Offset channels, from slip-strike component
Sabins 1997
Scarps from normal component
![Page 16: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Landers Earthquake of June 28, 1992
Sabins 1997
![Page 17: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Landers Earthquake of June 28, 1992
ERS-1 April 24 vs. Aug. 7 1992 interferogram, plus model based on fault displacement
Each cycle is 28 mm. 20 cycles (560-mm evident)
Sabins 1997
![Page 18: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Landers Earthquake of June 28, 1992
Fault rupture can also be mapped in SPOT dataSabins 1997
![Page 19: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Landslides
•Remote sensing provides wide view – can recognize unknown prehistoric slides
•Mechanisms of “long run-out” slides not completely understood
•Present on other planets too – where not all terrestrial mechanisms could work
•Blackhawk Slide in CA is classic example – used as analog to planetary ones
•Submarine slides off Hawaii islands recognized with sonar.
•Mega-slides – caused prehistoric mega-tsunami
![Page 20: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Oso Washington Slide (2014)
•Lidar, by providing high resolution topography which sees through trees, can show previous landslide deposits
![Page 21: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Oso Washington Slide (2014)
•Lidar, by providing high resolution topography which sees through trees, can show previous landslide deposits
![Page 22: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Blackhawk Slide, CA
•Blackhawk slide on N side of San Bernadino Mountains
•Classic example of “long run-out” slide – studied as analog of many planetary slides
•Mechanism (trapped air?) not as certain as Sabins indicates
•Image is combination of Landsat TM + SPOT data draped over Digital Elevation Model
Starting zone
Transition to low angle
Transition to low angle
Sabins 1997, Plate 14
![Page 23: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Blackhawk Slide, CAToe and lateral margins stand 15 to 30 m above surface of slide.
Slide itself is brighter than superposed alluvium.
Sabins 1997
![Page 24: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Blackhawk Slide, CA
•Possible mechanisms
•Acoustic fluidization
•Trapped air(Earth only?)
•Fluids(arid region?)
•Also studied withRemote Sensing to provide comparison forplanetary observations
Sabins 1997
![Page 25: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Hawaii submarine landslides
Stippled areas in map are landslide deposits – recognized at higher resolution by hummocky nature.
As volcano builds, underwater slopes are “oversteep” and fail periodically
Can cause massive tsunami
Moore et al. 1995
![Page 26: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Laramie Landsat 4 July 1, 2002
Additional Hazards remote sensing
![Page 27: Reading: • Ch. 13 -- Natural Hazardsgeofaculty.uwyo.edu/rhowell/classes/remote_sensing/... · 2018. 4. 27. · Sabins 1997 Offset channels, from slip-strike component Sabins 1997](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071608/6146457a8f9ff81254202874/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Fire in northern Laramie Range
Note transparency of smoke in TIR
Outline of active hot regions at edge of burn