Readability Metrics for Network Visualization
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Readability Metrics for Network Visualization
Cody Dunne and Ben ShneidermanHuman-Computer Interaction Lab &
Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Maryland
Contact: [email protected]
26th Annual Human-Computer Interaction Lab SymposiumMay 28-29, 2009 College Park, MD
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Citations between papers in the ACL Anthology Network
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NetViz Nirvana
1. Every node is visible2. Every node’s degree is countable3. Every edge can be followed from source to
destination4. Clusters and outliers are identifiable
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Readability Metrics
• How understandable is the network drawing?• Continuous scale [0,1]• Example: Journal may recommend– 0% node occlusion– <2% edge tunneling– <5% edge crossing
• Also called aesthetic metrics• Global metrics are not sufficient to guide users• Node and edge readability metrics
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Specific RMs
• Node Occlusion– Proportional to number
of distinguishable items– 1: Each node is uniquely
distinguishable– 0: All nodes overlap in
connected mass
C B
D
A
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Specific RMs (cont)
• Edge Crossing– Number of crossings
scaled by approximate upper bound
C B
D
A
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Specific RMs (cont)
• Edge Tunnels• Number of tunnels scaled by
approximate upper bound• Local Edge Tunnels• Triggered Edge Tunnels
C B
D
A
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SocialAction
• Social network analysis tool• Statistical measures• Attribute ranking• Multiple coordinated views• Papers:
– A. Perer and B. ShneidermanBalancing Systematic and Flexible Exploration of Social NetworksIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2006, 12, 693-700
– A. Perer and B. ShneidermanIntegrating statistics and visualization: case studies of gaining clarity during exploratory data analysisCHI '08: Proceeding of the 26th annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, 2008, 265-274
– A. Perer and B. ShneidermanSystematic yet flexible discovery: guiding domain experts through exploratory data analysisIUI '08: Proc. 13th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ACM, 2008, 109-118
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Contributions
• Global readability metrics• Node and edge readability metrics• Real-time RM feedback as nodes are moved• Integrated into attribute ranking system
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Demo
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Node occlusion:
14Edge tunnels:
70Edge crossings:
180Spring coeff:
510x9
Rank by:Node Occlusion
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Node occl:
4(-10)Edge tunnel:
26(-44)Edge cross:
159(-21)Spring coeff:
610x9
Rank by:Node Occlusion
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Node occl:
0(-4)Edge tunnel:
14(-12)Edge cross:
157(-2)Spring coeff:
710x9
Rank by:Node Occlusion
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Node occl:
0(-0)Edge tunnel:
14(-0)Edge cross:
157(-0)Spring coeff:
710x9
Rank by:Local Edge Tunnel
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Node occl:
0 (-0)Edge tunnel:
0(-14)Edge cross:
155(-2)Spring coeff:
710x9
Rank by:Local Edge Tunnel
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Node occl:
0(-0)Edge tunnel:
0(-0)Edge cross:
155(-0) Spr. coeff:
710x9
Rank by:Edge Crossing
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Node occl:
0(-0)Edge tunnel:
0(-0)Edge cross:
85(-70) Spr. coeff:
710x9
Rank by:Edge Crossing
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Future Work
• Snap-to-Grid tool pulls node to local maxima• Feedback for layout algorithms• Evaluation
– NetViz Nirvana useful for teaching network analysis• E. M. Bonsignore, C. Dunne, D. Rotman, M. Smith, T. Capone, D. L. Hansen and B.
ShneidermanFirst Steps to NetViz Nirvana: Evaluating Social Network Analysis with NodeXLSubmitted, 2009
– Integration into NodeXL to test RM effectiveness• www.codeplex.com/nodexl• M. Smith, B. Shneiderman, N. Milic-Frayling, E. M. Rodrigues, V. Barash, C. Dunne, T.
Capone, A. Perer and E. GleaveAnalyzing (Social Media) Networks with NodeXLC&T '09: Proc. Fourth international conference on Communities and Technologies, Springer, 2009
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Conclusion
• Global RMs to judge readability of network drawings
• Node and Edge RMs for interactive identification of problem areas
• Network analysts and designers of tools should take drawing readability into account
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Paper
C. Dunne and B. ShneidermanImproving Graph Drawing Readability by Incorporating Readability Metrics: A Software Tool for Network AnalystsHCIL Tech Report HCIL-2009-13, Submitted, 2009
Contact
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Additional RMs
• Angular Resolution• Edge Crossing Angle• Node Size• Node Label
Distinctiveness• Text Legibility• Node Color & Shape
Variance• Orthogonality
• Spatial Layout & Grouping
• Symmetry• Edge Bends• Path Continuity• Geometric-path
Tendency• Path Branches• Edge Length
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Layout:Force-Directed Layout
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Contrasts in meaning between thesaurus categories
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Interactions between graph-summarized groups proteins within the human body
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Collaboration between cancer research organizations
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Node occlusion:
?Edge tunnels:
?Edge crossings:
?
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Node occlusion:
23Edge tunnels:
383Edge crossings:
2104
Rank by:
Local Edge Tunnel
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Node occlusion:
0Edge tunnels:
154Edge crossings:
2032
Rank by:
Local Edge Tunnel